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In this paper, we provide a review of vehicle sensing and localization in autonomous driving. In autonomous driving, the significant and essential operation is accurate vehicular sensing. Vehicular sensing is the most demanding area of vehicular communications and has many envisioned applications in traffic safety and congestion avoidance. We begin by providing a brief overview of the Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET) architecture, including its types. Additionally, we delve into in-vehicle sensors and their classification. The number of sensors in cars continues to grow, driven by their advantages in preventing injuries, enhancing driving performance, and supporting ubiquitous applications centered around vehicle sensing. We study and compare the current and existing techniques of localization (synchronous and asynchronous) and approaches for vehicle positioning, which is used for communication-based (e.g., GPS information) and reflection-based (e.g., RADAR Cameras). Also, we have also reviewed the vehicle-to-vehicle/infrastructure communications (V2X) with an emphasis on the 5G perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Data glove is a new dimension in the field of virtual reality environments, initially designed to satisfy the stringent requirements of modern motion capture and animation professionals. In this study we try to shift the implementation of data glove from motion animation towards signature verification problem, making use of the offered multiple degrees of freedom for each finger and for the hand as well. We used an SVD-based technique to extract the feature values of different sensors' locating on corresponding fingers in the signing process and evaluated the results for writer authentication. The technique is tested with large number of authentic and forgery signatures using data gloves with 14, 5 and 4 sensor and shows a significant level of accuracy with 2.46~5.0% of EER. Key words: Data glove, signature verification, singular value decomposition, euclidean distance, INTRODUCTION In early days, human beings were commonly identified by their names. As the human population increased, method of identifying a person became more sophisticated. People needed to be associated [...]

A dual-mode input voltage modulation (IVM) control scheme for a three-phase zero current switching series resonant (SR) inverter-fed three-phase voltage-multiplier based X-ray power supply is proposed to achieve a quick rise of output voltage. In this control scheme, a quasi-resonant control circuit is connected at the lower arm of the three-phase inverter to control the effective input voltage across the inverter by raising or lowering the voltage level at the lower arm of the inverter. At the startup of the power supply, the quasi-resonant control circuit shorts the lower arm of the three-phase SR inverter to ground, causing the inverter to see maximum voltage and the output voltage to rise with maximum speed toward the target voltage. As the output voltage reaches 90% of the target voltage, the effective input voltage across the inverter is reduced to a value that corresponds to the target output voltage by raising the voltage level at the lower arm of the inverter. As a result, the rise rate of the output voltage slows down and overshoot is prevented. Experimental results based on the scaled-down laboratory prototype are presented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed dual-mode IVM control scheme. Index Terms--Control scheme, dual-mode, three-phase voltage multiplier, X-ray power supply.

A bipolar Cockcroft-Walton Voltage Multiplier (CWVM) is proposed as an attractive alternative to the symmetrical Cockcroft-Walton voltage multiplier for continuous wave gas lasers (e.g. carbon dioxide gas laser). The proposed CWVM formed by combining positive and negative voltage multipliers consisting of equal number of stages and driving in parallel by an ac voltage source. The proposed voltage multiplier needs only one ac power source, therefore there was no need of center taped high voltage transformer, unlike symmetrical voltage multiplier which require center-tape transformer. It possess inherit ability of cancellation of fundamental and higher order odd harmonics of ripple components, unlike the symmetrical CWVM which may generate odd harmonic of ripple in case of any asymmetry of driving voltage. In addition to this the proposed voltage multiplier has faster transient rise and less voltage drop as compared symmetrical CWVM. The experimental and simulation results are presented to show the effectiveness of proposed voltage multiplier. Key words: Voltage multiplier, asymmetry of driving voltage, fundamental harmonics, voltage ripple, INTRODUCTION Although Cockcroft-Walton voltage multiplier (CWVM) circuit was developed long time ago in 1932, it is still widely used in many high-voltage low-current applications such as lasers, accelerators, ultra-high voltage [...]

Driving vehicles in all-weather conditions is challenging as the lane markers tend to be unclear to the drivers for detecting the lanes. Moreover, the vehicles will move slower hence increasing the road traffic congestion which causes difficulties in detecting the lane markers especially for advanced driving assistance systems (ADAS). Therefore, this paper conducts a thorough review on vision-based lane marking detection algorithms developed for all-weather conditions. The review methodology consists of two major areas, which are a review on the general system models employed in the lane marking detection algorithms and a review on the types of weather conditions considered for the algorithms. Throughout the review process, it is observed that the lane marking detection algorithms in literature have mostly considered weather conditions such as fog, rain, haze and snow. A new contour-angle method has also been proposed for lane marker detection. Most of the research work focus on lane detection, but the classification of the types of lane markers remains a significant research gap that is worth to be addressed for ADAS and intelligent transport systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hahn moments are a superset of Tchebichef and Krawtchouk moments. The formulation for Hahn moments is however comparably more complex than other moments. So far only research work on translation and scale invariants for Tchebichef moments has been presented but not on Hahn moments. In this paper, a moment normalization method to achieve translation and scale invariants of Hahn moments is proposed. This method applies the concept of mapping functions used in image normalization. The mapping functions, once determined, are plugged into the moment generating functions to generate moment invariants. The proposed method is simpler and flexible. Experimental results show that faster execution and more precise moment invariants can be achieved using the invariant generating functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Image compression will always reduce the image fidelity, especially when the image is compressed at lower bit rates, which cannot be tolerated, especially in medical field. But compression is necessary due to the constraint of transmission bandwidth and the limited storage capacity. In this paper, the bad compression performance of the new JPEG2000 and the more conventional JPEG are studied. Besides, using the common objective measures such as Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) as the standard quality measurements, we focus more on the statistical and frequency measures as the image characteristics evaluation. Four types of medical modalities are used: X-ray, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), Ultrasound and Computed Tomography (CT). From these various measurements, we found the general acceptance compression bit rate for each of the medical modalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]