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162 results on '"BERMANO, GIOVANNA"'

8. The regulation of selenoprotein gene expression by selenium

Author

Bermano, Giovanna

Subjects
572, Biochemistry
Abstract

This thesis focuses on the influence of selenium supply on the expression of selenoproteins and possible mechanisms involved. It examines the effects of selenium on the expression of cytosolic glutathione peroxidase (cGSH-Px), phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase (PHGSH-Px) and type I iodothyronine 5'deiodinase (IDI) in liver, thyroid and heart of the rat. Nutritional studies in animals fed diets with different selenium content have shown that there is differential regulation of the three mRNAs and subsequent protein synthesis within and between organs, suggesting both that mechanisms exist to channel selenium for synthesis of a particular selenoprotein and that there is tissue-specific regulation of selenoprotein mRNAs. Since selenium supply could regulate selenoprotein expression by either transcriptional or post-transcriptional mechanisms, the effects of selenium depletion on the transcription rate of the three genes and their mRNA stability were investigated. Nuclear run-off assays with isolated liver nuclei showed selenium deficiency to have no effect on transcription of the three genes whereas actinomycin D chase experiments, in hepatoma cells, showed that selenium deficiency had no effect on the stability of PHGSH-Px mRNA but decreased the stability of cGSH-Px mRNA. Additionally, studies with hepatoma cells transfected with chimeric constructs of IDI coding region linked to different 3'UTRs showed that cGSH-Px 3'UTR is less efficient than PHGSH-PX 3'UTR in permitting Se-cysteine incorporation when selenium is limiting. In conclusion, the mechanisms of selenoprotein regulation in selenium deficiency involve post-transcriptional controls: in liver, selenium deficiency affects translation of cGSH-Px and PHGSH-Px mRNAs at different extents and differences in the 3'UTR of these two mRNAs could partially explain the differential effect of selenium deficiency on cGSH-Px and PHGSH-Px activities and mRNA abundance, stability and translation.

Published
1996

23. Germination Improves the Polyphenolic Profile and Functional Value of Mung Bean (Vigna radiata L.)

Author

Kapravelou, Garyfallia, primary, Martínez, Rosario, additional, Perazzoli, Gloria, additional, Sánchez González, Cristina, additional, Llopis, Juan, additional, Cantarero, Samuel, additional, Goua, Marie, additional, Bermano, Giovanna, additional, Prados, Jose, additional, Melguizo, Consolación, additional, Aranda, Pilar, additional, López-Jurado, María, additional, and Porres, Jesus M., additional

Published
2020
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27. GST-4-Dependent Suppression of Neurodegeneration in C. elegans Models of Parkinson’s and Machado-Joseph Disease by Rapeseed Pomace Extract Supplementation

Author

Pohl, Franziska, primary, Teixeira-Castro, Andreia, additional, Costa, Marta Daniela, additional, Lindsay, Victoria, additional, Fiúza-Fernandes, Juliana, additional, Goua, Marie, additional, Bermano, Giovanna, additional, Russell, Wendy, additional, Maciel, Patrícia, additional, and Kong Thoo Lin, Paul, additional

Published
2019
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30. Selenium and viral infection: are there lessons for COVID-19?

Author

Bermano, Giovanna, Méplan, Catherine, Mercer, Derry K., and Hesketh, John E.

Subjects
DISEASE susceptibility, HOMEOSTASIS, INGESTION, MOLECULAR biology, OXIDOREDUCTASES, SELENIUM, MICRONUTRIENTS, VIRUS diseases, SEVERITY of illness index, DISEASE progression, COVID-19
Abstract

Se is a micronutrient essential for human health. Sub-optimal Se status is common, occurring in a significant proportion of the population across the world including parts of Europe and China. Human and animal studies have shown that Se status is a key determinant of the host response to viral infections. In this review, we address the question whether Se intake is a factor in determining the severity of response to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Emphasis is placed on epidemiological and animal studies which suggest that Se affects host response to RNA viruses and on the molecular mechanisms by which Se and selenoproteins modulate the inter-linked redox homeostasis, stress response and inflammatory response. Together these studies indicate that Se status is an important factor in determining the host response to viral infections. Therefore, we conclude that Se status is likely to influence human response to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and that Se status is one (of several) risk factors which may impact on the outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infection, particularly in populations where Se intake is sub-optimal or low. We suggest the use of appropriate markers to assess the Se status of COVID-19 patients and possible supplementation may be beneficial in limiting the severity of symptoms, especially in countries where Se status is regarded as sub-optimal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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31. Impact of rapeseed pomace extract on markers of oxidative stress and DNA damage in human SH‐SY5Y cells.

Author

Pohl, Franziska, Goua, Marie, Yates, Kyari, Bermano, Giovanna, Russell, Wendy R., Maciel, Patrícia, and Kong Thoo Lin, Paul

Subjects
HUMAN DNA, OXIDATIVE stress, DNA damage, RAPESEED oil, RAPESEED, PROTEIN microarrays
Abstract

With increased longevity and subsequent rise in people with age‐related neurodegenerative diseases, protection of neurons from oxidative stress damage has become an important field of study. For the first time, we highlight the neuroprotective properties of rapeseed pomace (RSP) extract in SH‐SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells. We used resazurin to determine cell metabolism, 2,7'‐dichlorofluorescin diacetate (H2DCFDA) to assess the potential of RSP extracts to shield cells from reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by H2O2 using flow cytometry, HPLC to analyze for malondialdehyde (MDA) as a lipid peroxidation marker and the COMET assay to assess DNA strand breakage. Protein stress arrays were used to investigate the cellular pathways affected by RSP extract. No effect on cell metabolism in SH‐SY5Y cells was observed after RSP extract treatment (up to 1.5 mg/ml). Pretreatment (24 hr) with RSP extract (1 mg/ml), before H2O2‐induced stress, alleviated ROS production and DNA strand breakage by 68%, and 38%, respectively. At protein level, the RSP extract increased the levels of FABP‐1, HIF‐1α, SOD2, and Cytochrome c proteins. Under H2O2‐induced stress, however, it helped to downregulate p38α levels, a protein kinase which is receptive to stress impulse (mitogen‐activated). RSP extract shows very promising cell protective properties in relation to oxidative stress. Practical applications: Oxidative stress has been associated with numerous diseases for example cancer, diabetes, and many neurological disorders including Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases. Hence, there is acceptance among the scientific community of antioxidant therapy and the quest for effective, low cost and readily available sources of natural antioxidants is paramount. Rapeseed plantations are abundant around the world due to the use of rapeseed oil in cooking and as a biofuel. The resulting rapeseed pomace (by‐product), specifically its extract, contains high levels of phytochemicals that protect cells against oxidative stress. Therefore, RSP extract can potentially be used/developed as functional food and nutraceuticals in the prevention of many complex neurodegenerative diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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32. List of contributors

Author

Akram, Muhammad, Ancy, V. Benedic, Anyanwu, Gabriel O., Anywar, Godwin, Aslam, Maria, Awojide, Simon, Balakrishnan, Umarani, Bermano, Giovanna, Devaraj, Ezhilarasan, Daniyal, Muhammad, Danquah, Michael K., Dwivedi, Astha, Ebhohimen, Israel Ehizuelen, Edemhanria, Lawrence, Egbuna, Chukwuebuka, El Bishbishy, Mahitab H., Ezzat, Shahira M., Frederick, Ujah O., Găman, Amelia Maria, Găman, Mihnea-Alexandru, Gupta, Ashutosh, Gupta, Vishal Kumar, Gupta, Ena, Haider, S. Zafar, Ifemeje, Jonathan C., Jaiswara, Pradip Kumar, Jeevanandam, Jaison, Joshi, Karnika, Kaliyaperumal, Saravanan, Keskin, Merve, Kolb, Andreas F., Kumar, J.R., Kumar, Sandeep, Kumar, Shashank, Kumar, Ajay, Kumari, Priyanka, Kurhekar, Jaya Vikas, Kushwaha, Prem Prakash, Lohani, Hema, Mishra, Pragya, Mittal, Poonam C., Mtewa, Andrew G., Namukobe, Jane, Mishra, Neha, Nwosu, Onyeka K., Onyijen, Ojei Harrison, Otero, Maria Catherine B., Palanivel, Premalatha, Pandey, Abhay K., Pathak, Manisha, Periyasamy, Karuppannan, Pothabathula, Seshu Vardhan, Prajapati, Sunita Kumari, Premanand, A., Priyanka Singh, Rajkumari, B. Reena, Rawat, Shiv Govind, Riaz, Muhammad, Salama, Maha M., Salem, Mohamed A., Samson, Hough A., Sharma, Shrikant, Shuaib, Mohd, Singh, Sharmistha, Singh, Atul Kumar, Sonker, Pratishtha, Srivastav, Vijay Kumar, Tiwari, Meena, Tupas, Genevieve D., Kavitha Raj, V., Vardhan, Pothabathula Seshu, Walag, Angelo Mark P., and Zainab, Rida

Published
2020
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33. Obesity and its health impact in Africa: a systematic review

Author

Adeboye, Bridget, Bermano, Giovanna, and Rolland, Catherine

Subjects
cardiovascular risk, Adult, Male, obesity, Urban Population, prevalence, Black People, Review Article, Comorbidity, Sex Factors, Cardiovascular Diseases, Risk Factors, Africa, Humans, Female, Public Health
Abstract

Obesity and its association with co-morbidities in Africa are on the rise. This systematic review examines evidence of obesity and its association with co-morbidities within the African continent. Comparative studies conducted in Africa on adults 17 years and older with mean body mass index (BMI) ≥ 28 kg/m2 were included. Five electronic databases were searched. Surveys, case–control and cohort studies from January 2000 to July 2010 were evaluated. Of 720 potentially relevant articles, 10 met the inclusion criteria. Prevalence of obesity was higher in urban than rural subjects with significant increases in obesity rates among women. Inflammatory marker levels were significantly elevated among Africans compared with Caucasians. The co-relationship between obesity and chronic diseases was also highlighted. This systematic review demonstrates that while obesity remains an area of significant public health importance to Africans, particularly in urban areas, there is little evidence of proper diagnosis, treatment and/or prevention.

Published
2012

40. Aerobic interval exercise improves parameters of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and other alterations of metabolic syndrome in obese Zucker rats

Author

Kapravelou, Garyfallia, primary, Martínez, Rosario, additional, Andrade, Ana M., additional, Nebot, Elena, additional, Camiletti-Moirón, Daniel, additional, Aparicio, Virginia A., additional, Lopez-Jurado, Maria, additional, Aranda, Pilar, additional, Arrebola, Francisco, additional, Fernandez-Segura, Eduardo, additional, Bermano, Giovanna, additional, Goua, Marie, additional, Galisteo, Milagros, additional, and Porres, Jesus M., additional

Published
2015
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