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Abstract Varroa destructor is one of the greatest threats to Apis mellifera worldwide and if left untreated will kill a colony in less than three years. A Varroa-resistant population from Gotland, Sweden, has managed to survive for 25 years with little to no Varroa treatment by reducing the mite’s reproductive success. The underlying mechanisms of this trait is currently not known, though previous research indicates that it is the honey bee brood, and not adult bee influence, that contributes to this phenotype. As the mite’s own reproduction is synchronized with the brood’s development though the interception of brood pheromones, it is possible that a change in pheromone profile would disrupt the mite’s reproductive timing. To investigate this, we characterized the brood ester pheromone (BEP) profile of our resistant Gotland population compared to a non-resistant control. This was done by extracting and analyzing key cuticular compounds of the BEP using gas chromatography. A significant difference was found immediately after brood capping, indicating a divergence in their pheromonal production at this time point. This is an important step to understanding the mechanisms of the Gotland population’s Varroa-resistance and contributes to our global understanding of Varroa destructor infestation and survival.

The issue of carbon emissions can be addressed through environmentally friendly technological innovations, which contribute to the journey towards achieving net-zero emissions (NZE). The electrification of transportation by converting internal combustion engine (ICE) motorcycles to converted electric motorcycles (CEM) directly reduces the number of pollution sources from fossil-powered motors. In Indonesia, numerous government regulations support the commercialization of the CEM system, including the requirement for conversion workshops to be formal entities in the CEM process. Every CEM must pass a test to ensure its safety and suitability. Currently, the CEM testing process is conducted at only one location, making it inefficient and inaccessible. Therefore, most conversion workshops in Indonesia need to take investment steps in procuring CEM-type test tools. This research aims to determine the best alternative from several investment alternatives for CEM-type test tools. In selecting the investment, three criteria are considered: costs, operations, and specifications. By using the investment decision-making model, a hierarchical decision-making model is obtained, which is then processed using the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and the technique for order of preference by similarity to the ideal solution (TOPSIS). Criteria are weighted to establish a priority order. The final step involves ranking the alternatives and selecting Investment 2 (INV2) as the best investment tool with a relative closeness value of 0.6279. Investment 2 has the shortest time process (40 min), the lowest electricity requirement, and the smallest dimensions. This research aims to provide recommendations for the best investment alternatives that can be purchased by the conversion workshops. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The growing adoption of Building Information Modeling (BIM) within the architectural, engineering, and construction (AEC) sector raises questions about the quality of BIM data deliverables for project owners. Therefore, assessment and evaluation of such BIM data against relevant documents such as the BIM Execution Plan (BEP), the Level of Definition (LOD)/Level of Information (LOI) matrix, and quality control customized checklists become critical, especially in large construction projects. This study primarily aims to create an automated system for assessing the quality of 3D BIM model data, utilizing a proposed project quality control checklist. The automated system consists of four key elements: a BIM-based model, a Data Extraction and Analysis Module, a Data Storage Module, and a Data Visualization Module. The Data Extraction and Analysis Module extracts relevant information and parameters from BIM models to evaluate their quality against predefined checklists. Then, it transfers the information and stores the results in a database. The database is connected to an engineering project collaboration tool, ProjectWise, to automatically update and store the data in the cloud. The database is then connected to an interactive data visualization platform, Power BI, to enable automatic visualization of the generated quality assessment results of the BIM models' data. This system was applied to a Canadian infrastructure construction project by its BIM department during the preliminary and detailed design phases. It demonstrated an average quality score (AQS) of 87.6% for the BIM models and significantly reduced failing items by around 30%. This study concludes that the system offers a robust, practical solution for enhancing the quality control process in BIM model data management, thereby aiding engineers in timely model adjustments to meet project requirements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Contribution margin is the result of sales that have been reduced by all variable costs for production and marketing which can cover fixed costs and produce a profit in total per unit. This research aims to find out how to calculate the contribution margin and to be able to find out the contribution margin as a tool for profit planning. The method used in this research is a qualitative research method that uses a descriptive approach and data is also obtained from direct interviews and documentation. The research results show that the contribution margin of PT. Labiva Jaya Utama in 2020 amounted to IDR 79,760,000, in 2021 it amounted to IDR 87,850,000 and in 2022 it amounted to IDR 62,760,000. By calculating the margin, it makes it easier for the company to calculate the level of profit earned by the company each year [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate oncologic (such as disease‐free and overall survival) and obstetric outcomes in patients diagnosed with malignant ovarian germ cell tumors (MOGCTs). Methods: Patients diagnosed with MOGCTs between March 2007 and February 2022 were evaluated and patients who underwent fertility sparing surgery were included in this retrospective study. The obstetric and oncologic outcomes were evaluated by collecting data up until the patient's last follow‐up visit from the hospital records and patient files. The study was approved by Başkent University Institutional Review Board (KA23/124). Results: Seventy FSS patients were included in this study. The median age of the patients was 22.5 years (range: 11–37). The median follow‐up time was 92.0 months (10–189). Immature teratoma was the most common histological subtype (32.9%). Bilateral involvement was detected in only one patient with immature teratoma (1.4%). The 5‐year DFS rates of immature teratoma, dysgerminoma, yolk sac, and mixed germ cell histologic types were 91.1%, 94.1%, 82.4%, and 88.9%, respectively (P: 0.716). The 5‐year OS rates of the same histologic types were 95.7%, 100%, 88.2%, and 88.9%, respectively (P = 0.487). All patients (100%) had a regular menstrual cycle after the completion of adjuvant treatment. The mean time between the last chemotherapy and menstruation was 4.38 months. To date, a total of 34 patients tried to conceive after the completion of disease treatment. A total of 23 (67.6%) patients conceived, resulting in 27 live births in 22 (100%) patients. Conclusion: Fertility preservation should be the first treatment option in MOGCTs in young patients due to the unilateral involvement of the disease and its chemosensitive nature. Synopsis: Germ cell tumors are a rare and usually seen in young women. Preservation of fertility should be a priority due to the young age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The availability of clean water is a complex and urgent problem. Water is a natural resource that is very important for human survival. The problem faced is that the clean water system in the area where residents live is not running smoothly. To overcome this, a good clean water distribution network and good clean water system management are needed and are able to serve the clean water needs of residents in the area. In order to make this happen, quite a large investment is needed. One of them is by carrying out company investment in the form of increasing the capacity of the raw water supply system. Based on the background mentioned, the title of this research is Feasibility Analysis of Investment in the Clean Water System of the Wae Mbeliling Drinking Water Company, Lembor District. The settlement method for this calculation is for Feasibility Investment Analysis using the Net Present Value (NPV) method and the Break Event Point (BEP) method. From the results of the analysis, an NPV value of Rp. 678,904,405,208 (NPV > 0). So the investment in developing the production capacity and clean water network of Perumda Air Minum Wae Mbeliling, Lembor District, is worth continuing. An NPV value that is positive or greater than (> 0) indicates that the income is greater than the value invested. It was found that the return value occurred in the 4th year by marking the accumulation of positive profits starting from the 4th year. This explains that the investment in replacing the clean water distribution network of Perumda Air Minum Wae Mbeliling, Lembor District is feasible, because there is a proven return on investment. from the BEP value for 1 year.

In this article, exact expressions are presented for the probability density function, cumulative distribution function, moment generating function, and higher-order moments of the instantaneous signal-to-noise ratio, considering the product and the sum of the products of $N$ $\alpha$-$\mathcal {F}$ variates with pointing errors. New expressions for the outage probability (OP), bit error probability (BEP), ergodic channel capacity, and the area under the receiver operating characteristics (AUC) are deduced, as well as the asymptotic ones. The obtained expressions are used to assess the influence of various channels and system parameters on the system performance. We analyze a scenario considering dual-hop terahertz links and another regarding reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS)-assisted systems. All expressions derived in this work are new, and Monte Carlo simulations corroborate the analytical curves shown.

A 35-year-old man was diagnosed with stage IIIC non-seminoma with paralysis of the lower half of his body due to 8th thoracic spine metastasis. The patient received bleomycin, etoposide, and cisplatin (BEP) therapy. On day 4 of the second course of BEP, the patient developed a fever and was diagnosed with coronavirus disease (COVID-19). COVID-19 was suspected to worsen because of cancer and chemotherapy-induced immunosuppression. However, the benefits of continuing BEP therapy outweighed these risks. After obtaining fully informed consent, BEP therapy was continued from day 5, while sotrovimab (anti-COVID-19 drug) was administered. The second course of BEP was completed without worsening severe COVID-19 or bleomycin-induced lung injury. The patient completed four courses of BEP, with normalization of tumor markers, partial response on imaging, and improvement in lower body paralysis. In this case, we successfully treated a patient with testicular germ cell tumor with chemotherapy while having COVID-19 without treatment delay. During the COVID-19 pandemic, concomitant chemotherapy and COVID-19 treatment are warranted because delaying treatment will decrease the efficacy of highly curative diseases such as germ cell tumors.

The issue of carbon emissions can be addressed through environmentally friendly technological innovations, which contribute to the journey towards achieving net-zero emissions (NZE). The electrification of transportation by converting internal combustion engine (ICE) motorcycles to converted electric motorcycles (CEM) directly reduces the number of pollution sources from fossil-powered motors. In Indonesia, numerous government regulations support the commercialization of the CEM system, including the requirement for conversion workshops to be formal entities in the CEM process. Every CEM must pass a test to ensure its safety and suitability. Currently, the CEM testing process is conducted at only one location, making it inefficient and inaccessible. Therefore, most conversion workshops in Indonesia need to take investment steps in procuring CEM-type test tools. This research aims to determine the best alternative from several investment alternatives for CEM-type test tools. In selecting the investment, three criteria are considered: costs, operations, and specifications. By using the investment decision-making model, a hierarchical decision-making model is obtained, which is then processed using the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and the technique for order of preference by similarity to the ideal solution (TOPSIS). Criteria are weighted to establish a priority order. The final step involves ranking the alternatives and selecting Investment 2 (INV2) as the best investment tool with a relative closeness value of 0.6279. Investment 2 has the shortest time process (40 min), the lowest electricity requirement, and the smallest dimensions. This research aims to provide recommendations for the best investment alternatives that can be purchased by the conversion workshops.

Porang is a tuber plant that has the potential to develop because it has export market opportunities as industrial raw material. Tegalwaru District, Karawang Regency is one of the areas that produces porang, to cultivate porang requires a large enough capital to become one of the obstacles to porang farming. This study aims 1) to determine the amount of acceptance and income of porang farmers in Tegalwaru District, Karawang Regency and; 2) to obtain information on the profit and loss of porang farming in Tegalwaru District, Karawang Regency. The research method used is a case study. This research was conducted from June to July in Tegalwaru District, Karawang Regency. Sampling technique using saturated sampling method. Data collection uses primary data and secondary data. The analysis used is revenue, revenue, R/C, revenue BEP, production BEP and price BEP and payback period. The results showed an average total cost of IDR 67,126,783 per planting season, an average revenue of IDR 156,482,759. per planting season and an average income of Rp 89.818.919. R/C Ratio value of 2.33. The BEP value of revenue is Rp. 2,407,468, - the production BEP is 601,87 kg and the price BEP is IDR 1,715/kg. The payback period for porang farming is 7 months

The article provides a financial feasibility analysis of the Cenderawasih University Teaching Hospital building project in Papua. The study examines the project's viability using various methods and includes a literature review of similar studies. The analysis shows that the project is financially feasible and profitable, with positive values for NPV, BCR, and IRR. The project also offers social benefits such as improved healthcare access, research opportunities, and job creation. [Extracted from the article]

Agricultural businesses in the Enrekang District, especially in the Alla District, are growing rapidly. This was followed by the development of agricultural facilities businesses, such as the sale of inorganic fertilizers carried out by the Gapoktan group. The purpose of this study was to find out how the Gapoktan business group provides fertilizer for farmers and analyze the breakeven point (BEP) of the fertilizer sales business. This research uses a descriptive method with a quantitative approach. This study describes the state of the liquid inorganic fertilizer business when it reaches the BEP point. The results showed that the business must be able to sell liquid inorganic fertilizer as much as 200 liters per day to reach the BEP point. With a selling price of Rp10,000 per liter, the business can make a profit if it can sell more than 200 liters of fertilizer per day. By knowing the value of BEP, business management can make strategic decisions to increase business and profits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The growing adoption of Building Information Modeling (BIM) within the architectural, engineering, and construction (AEC) sector raises questions about the quality of BIM data deliverables for project owners. Therefore, assessment and evaluation of such BIM data against relevant documents such as the BIM Execution Plan (BEP), the Level of Definition (LOD)/Level of Information (LOI) matrix, and quality control customized checklists become critical, especially in large construction projects. This study primarily aims to create an automated system for assessing the quality of 3D BIM model data, utilizing a proposed project quality control checklist. The automated system consists of four key elements: a BIM-based model, a Data Extraction and Analysis Module, a Data Storage Module, and a Data Visualization Module. The Data Extraction and Analysis Module extracts relevant information and parameters from BIM models to evaluate their quality against predefined checklists. Then, it transfers the information and stores the results in a database. The database is connected to an engineering project collaboration tool, ProjectWise, to automatically update and store the data in the cloud. The database is then connected to an interactive data visualization platform, Power BI, to enable automatic visualization of the generated quality assessment results of the BIM models’ data. This system was applied to a Canadian infrastructure construction project by its BIM department during the preliminary and detailed design phases. It demonstrated an average quality score (AQS) of 87.6% for the BIM models and significantly reduced failing items by around 30%. This study concludes that the system offers a robust, practical solution for enhancing the quality control process in BIM model data management, thereby aiding engineers in timely model adjustments to meet project requirements.

The Special Education Services Regulation details who should take place in the IEP development unit, which was created to develop, implement, and prepare the IEP. In addition, it is clearly stated in the Special Education Services Regulation that the active participation of the parents in every stage of the special education process should be ensured. Parents have an important place in the process of preparing the Individualized Education Program. This study aims to evaluate the participation of parents whose children receive special education services in the IEP preparation process in terms of their views and to investigate how the families of children receiving special education services perceive IEP meetings, what they think about participation, and their level of knowledge and trust about the members of IEP meetings. In addition, participant views on measures that can be taken to improve parents' participation in IEP meetings are also included. Within the scope of the research, interviews were conducted with 19 parents through semi-structured interview technique. The obtained data were analyzed by the descriptive analysis method. Findings revealed that parents believe that educators do not value themselves equally, do not adhere to IEP goals to facilitate student success, and do not adequately inform parents about special education services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is growing evidence that the provision of nutritious supplemental foods to undernourished pregnant women can improve maternal and infant outcomes. However, comparing and synthesizing the evidence base is complicated by differences in interventions and products and the use of ambiguous terminology. We aimed to define 2 common types of nutritious supplemental foods used in pregnancy, balanced energy-protein (BEP) supplements and lipid-based nutrient supplements (LNS), and to review the evidence supporting each via a narrative review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses (SRMAs). Information about the nutritional composition of the food supplements and their effects on maternal and infant outcomes was abstracted. Five SRMAs (n = 20 trials) evaluated the effect of BEP compared with no BEP/control (comparison group commonly received iron and folic acid [IFA]). BEP foods/products ranged in calories (118-1017 kcals), protein (3-50 g), fat (6-57 g), and micronutrient content. Overall, maternal BEP improved birth weight and reduced the risk of stillbirth and small for gestational age when compared with no BEP/control in pregnancy. Three SRMAs (n = 5 trials) evaluated the effect of LNS compared with IFA or multiple micronutrients (MMNs). The LNS interventions comprised small- and large-quantity LNS that ranged in calories (118-746 kcals), protein (3-21 g), fat (10-53 g), and micronutrient content. LNS compared with IFA increased pregnancy duration, birth weight, and birth length and reduced the risk of small for gestational age and infant stunting; however, no beneficial effect of LNS was identified when compared with MMN. Despite heterogeneity in the nutritional composition of BEP supplements, the evidence suggests that in nutritionally at-risk populations, these products may improve birth outcomes in pregnant women. The evidence is limited but promising when LNS is compared with IFA in improving maternal and infant outcomes. Overall, BEP, compared with MMN or LNS, are key areas that have not been studied and deserve attention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Central Bengkulu is one of regency in Bengkulu province that has potency in laying hens farm. This study aims to know the profit, efficiency (B/C Ratio) and Break Event Point (BEP) of laying hens farm in Desa Taba Lagan Central Bengkulu regency of Bengkulu Province. This study done in Desa Taba Lagan Central Bengkulu regency between June and August of 2022. The study concluded that laying hens farm profit as Rp 196.599.000 per production season (18 months) with 12.000 hens. R/C ratio value as 1,039, B/C ratio value 0,039 and BEP production at 117.725 crate, and BEP sales at Rp 5.062.175.000

A 35-year-old man was diagnosed with stage IIIC non-seminoma with paralysis of the lower half of his body due to 8th thoracic spine metastasis. The patient received bleomycin, etoposide, and cisplatin (BEP) therapy. On day 4 of the second course of BEP, the patient developed a fever and was diagnosed with coronavirus disease (COVID-19). COVID-19 was suspected to worsen because of cancer and chemotherapy-induced immunosuppression. However, the benefits of continuing BEP therapy outweighed these risks. After obtaining fully informed consent, BEP therapy was continued from day 5, while sotrovimab (anti-COVID-19 drug) was administered. The second course of BEP was completed without worsening severe COVID-19 or bleomycin-induced lung injury. The patient completed four courses of BEP, with normalization of tumor markers, partial response on imaging, and improvement in lower body paralysis. In this case, we successfully treated a patient with testicular germ cell tumor with chemotherapy while having COVID-19 without treatment delay. During the COVID-19 pandemic, concomitant chemotherapy and COVID-19 treatment are warranted because delaying treatment will decrease the efficacy of highly curative diseases such as germ cell tumors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to determine the characteristics of the fishermen's families in South Tiku Village, to determine the consumptive behavior of the fishermen's families in South Tiku Village. The research method used in this study is a descriptive quantitative research method, namely by seeking information about the symptoms of consumptive behavior of fishermen's families in Tiku Selatan Village or with this method clearly supporting the goals to be achieved, planning the approach, collecting data as material for making reports. The results showed that the level of consumptive behavior of fishermen's families was grouped with consumptive (32-48) and non-consumptive (16-31) scores. Determination of variable categories based on the number of indicator items each with a total of 16 indicators, 47 respondents, 3 categories with a maximum score of 2256 and a minimum score of 752. The results show that from 47 fishing families in Tiku Selatan village 96% behave consumptively (45 people) and 4% are not consumptive (2 people). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research was conducted from June to July 2021 at the Bilih Fried Fish Trading Business, Sumpur Makmur, South Batipuh Subdistrict, Tanah Datar Regency, Riau Province. This study aims to determine the amount of added value generated by the Sumpur Makmur Fried Bilih Fish Trading Business and to determine the BEP (Break Event Point) value in the business. The method used in this research is the case study method at the Sumpur Makmur Fried Bilih Fish Trading Business, namely the research focused on a particular case to be observed and analyzed carefully to completion. The respondents in this study were the owner of the Sumpur Makmur Fried Bilih Fish Trading Business. The results of this study indicate that the added value obtained from UD. Sumpur Makmur is IDR. 32,163,-/kg with a Value Added Ratio of 38.59% Fixed costs incurred for processing Bilih fried fish are IDR. 46,583,33,-/one production while variable costs incurred are IDR. 3,667,500,-/one production. The basic price of raw Bilih fish is Rp. 50,000,-/kg while the selling price of fried Bilih fish is Rp. 250,000, -/kg so that there is a profit of Rp. 200,000,-. Break-even point of sales (BEP) occurred in sales of 14.67,/kg or Rp.220.933,735,-. In other words, the fried Bilih fish business is quite safe to operate. Considering that basically the business of processing Bilih Fried fish is quite profitable, then to increase the amount of profit it can be attempted by producing above the break-even point by increasing the amount of production product. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pengelolaan lahan mentimun dengan PHT dan konvensional terhadap keanekaragaman arthropoda dan intensitas serangan hama Aulacophora similis, serta mengetahui kelayakan usahatani dari dua sistem tersebut. Penelitian dilakukan di Desa Mantup, Kecamatan Mantup, Kabupaten Lamongan, Jawa Timur. Pengamatan arthropoda dilakukan dengan 3 metode (visual, yellow sticky trap, dan yellow pan trap) dan hasilnya dianalisis menggunakan uji T, kemudian dilakukan perhitungan Indeks keragaman (H’), Indeks Kekayaan Jenis (R), Indeks Kemerataan Jenis (e’) dan Indeks Dominansi (C).  Kelayakan usahatani dihitung menggunakan parameter R/C Ratio dan BEP Harga. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan antara jumlah spesies arthropoda yang ditemukan di kedua sistem. Nilai H' pada sistem PHT dan konvensional berada pada kategori sedang. R dan e' memiliki kategori serupa, tinggi pada PHT, tetapi sedang pada sistem konvensional. Pada saat yang sama, nilai C pada kedua sistem tidak menunjukkan dominasi. Hasil intensitas serangan A. similis terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara PHT dan sistem konvensional. R / C Ratio masing-masing menunjukkan 1,38 dan 1,37 pada sistem PHT dan konvensional, sehingga kedua sistem tersebut layak untuk dijalankan. Berdasarkan nilai BEP, harga minimum mentimun kg-1 pada sistem PHT adalah Rp 3.615,97 sedangkan pada sistem konvensional adalah Rp 3.644,94.

With the utilization of underground space, backward erosion piping (BEP) has been observed in many underground structures. Different from BEP in embankments or river dikes, the BEP in underground structures is usually triggered by a sudden flow of water and persists in a "progression phase," in which the piping process can always reach an equilibrium before higher hydraulic loads are employed. In this study, the progression of BEP with sudden and gradual hydraulic loads was investigated using a radial Hele-Shaw cell. The test results indicated that the progression of BEP could be strongly influenced by the hydraulic loading speed. Once a faster hydraulic loading method was employed, the erodible medium could organize itself and show a greater resistance to erosion; additionally, the erosion pattern could be more uniform. These findings were included in a discussion of the erosion mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Growing teratoma syndrome (GTS) is a condition characterized by tumor growth during or after chemotherapy for a germ cell tumor, albeit with normal tumor marker levels in the absence of histopathological evidence of immature teratoma components. We encountered a 10-cm large GTS lesion in the para-aorti nodes after fertility-preserving surgery for a grade 3 ovarian immature teratoma. The patient was a 20 year old woman who presented to the hospital with complaints of abdominal pain and swelling. Imaging examination revealed an ovarian tumor mass measuring 24 cm in the abdominal cavity, suspected to be composed of a mixture of fat and other components. The α-fetoprotein (AFP) levels were elevated at 853 ng/mL. We elected to perform fertility-preserving surgery. The surgical findings included a tumor in the right ovary, which was excised without rupture with adnexectomy. The histopathological diagnosis was grade 3 immature teratoma. Palpation of the pelvic and para-aortic lymph node areas did not reveal significant lymphadenopathy. Subsequently, a para-aortic node metastasis (major axis: 8 cm) was discovered before chemotherapy (19 days after surgery). We confirmed that there was no swelling before surgery and assumed that the immature teratoma had recurred. Chemotherapy was initiated, and the serum AFP levels normalized after 4 courses of bleomycin, etoposide, and cisplatin (BEP) therapy. However, the para-aortic node metastasis had grown further (major axis: 10 cm). Another open surgery was performed. The nodal mass was completely excised and pathology revealed only mature teratoma. Growing teratoma syndrome should be considered in the setting of a recurrent mass with negative tumor markers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Recent advances in the communication systems culminated in a new class of multiple access schemes, named non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA), where the main goal is to increase the spectrum efficiency by overlapping data from different users in a single time-frequency resource used by the physical layer. NOMA receivers can resolve the interference among data symbols from different users, increasing the overall system spectrum efficiency without introducing symbol error rate (SER) performance loss, which makes this class of multiple access techniques interesting for future mobile communication systems. This paper analyzes one promising NOMA technique, called sparse code multiple access (SCMA), where C users can share U

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis harga pokok produksi penjualan daging sapi, nilai titik impas dan pendapatan usaha sapi potongCV.Ridho Ilahi di Desa Sidodadi Kecamatan Penarik Kabupaten Mukomuko. Analisis data penelitian ini adalah harga pokok produksi (HPP), harga pokok penjualan, Break Even Point (BEP) dan pendapatan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa total HPP usaha sapi potong CV. Ridho Ilahi pada bulan Februari-Maret 2019 adalah sebesar Rp.381.302.660. Harga pokok produksi untuk per kg adalah sebesar Rp.103.606,191. Nilai harga pokok produksi usaha sapi potong CV. Ridho Ilahi sudah berada dibawah harga jual, artinya usaha sapi potong CV. Ridho Ilahi sudah mendapatkan keuntungan.Harga pokok penjualan usaha sapi potong CV.Ridho Ilahi diperoleh dari penjumlahan persediaan barang dalam proses awal dengan persediaan akhir barang jadi. Nilai harga pokok penjualan produk usaha sapi potong CV. Ridho Ilahi adalah sebesar Rp.381.302.660. Nilai titik impas yang diperoleh adalah sebesar Rp.380.712.726 atau sebesar 3.048Kg. Nilai titik impas tersebut telah menunjukkan bahwa usaha sapi potong CV. Ridho Ilahi sudah menguntungkan karena nilai rill sudah berada diatas titik impas. Pendapatan diperoleh dari pengurangan total penerimaan yaitu sebesar Rp.478.440.000/bulan dengan total biaya yaitu sebesar Rp.381.302.660/bulan. Pendapatan usaha sapi potong CV. Ridho Ilahi adalah sebesar Rp.97.137.340/bulan.

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengevaluasi pengaruh pemberian ransum dengan konsentrat yang mengandung tepung kulit durian difermentasi Pleurotus ostreotus dalam ransum terhadap pendapatan dari penerimaan susu setelah pakan atau Milk Income over Feed Cost (MIOFC), Benefit/Cost (B/C), dan Break Even Point (BEP) pada kambing perah. Adapun perlakuan adalah ransum dengan konsentrat yang mengandung KDF atau tepung kulit durian fermentasi, yaitu KDFO: ransum dengan konsentrat mengandung 0% tepung kulit durian fermentasi + 30% dedak, KDFA: konsentrat mengandung 5% tepung kulit durian fermentasi + 25% dedak, KDFB: konsentrat mengandung 10% tepung kulit durian fermentasi + 20% dedak, KDFC: Konsentrat mengandung 20% tepung kulit durian fermentasi + 10% dedak. Perlakuan ini diaplikasikan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) 4 x 4, total ada 16 ekor kambing perah laktasi. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di peternakan kambing perah pada Lembaga Pengembangan Pertanian Baptis (LPPB) di Kabupaten Bengkulu Tengah, Provinsi Bengkulu. Ransum dengan KDFA, 5% tepung kulit durian fermentasi dan 25% dedak padi pada kambing perah laktasi menghasilkan produksi susu tertinggi 1,56 l/ekor/hari dengan nilai MIOFC tertinggi sebesar Rp. 17.648,20/ekor/ hari, dibandingkan pada perlakuan 10% dan 20% KDF. Adapun nilai B/C adalah 0,63 sedangkan nilai BEP sebesar 0.75.

Abstract Background Bleomycin, etoposide and cisplatin (BEP) are three chemotherapeutic agents widely used individually or in combination with each other or other chemotherapeutic agents in the treatment of various cancers. These chemotherapeutic agents are cytotoxic; hence, along with killing cancerous cells, they also damage stem cell pools in the body, which causes various negative effects on patients. The epigenetic changes due to the individual action of BEP on stem cells are largely unknown. Methods Human amniotic fluid stem cells (hAFSCs) were treated with our in-vitro standardized dosages of BEP individually, for seven days. The cells were harvested after the treatment and extraction of DNA and RNA were performed. Real-time PCR and flow cytometry were conducted for cell markers analysis. The global DNA methylation was quantified using 5mC specific kit and promoter and CpG methylation % through bisulfite conversion and pyrosequencing. Micro- RNAs (miRNAs) were quantified with real-time qPCR. Results The cytotoxic nature of BEP was observed even at low dosages throughout the experiment. We also investigated the change in the expression of various pluripotent and germline markers and found a significant change in the properties of the cells after the treatments. The methylation of DNA at global, promoter and individual CpG levels largely get fluctuated due to the BEP treatment. Several tested miRNAs showed differential expression. No positive correlation between mRNA and protein expression was observed for some markers. Conclusion Cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agents such as BEP were found to alter stem cell properties of hAFSCs. Different methylation profiles change dynamically, which may explain such changes in cellular properties. Data also suggests that the fate of hAFSCs after treatment may depend upon the interplay between the miRNAs. Finally, our results demonstrate that hAFSCs might prove to be a suitable in-vitro model of stem cells to predict genetic and epigenetic modification due to the action of various drugs.

Abstract The present work focuses on the bioclimatic aspect in vernacular construction through a study of the traditional architecture of M’zab. The question posed is how this architecture could be useful and what techniques and strategies are adopted to result in such energy performance in a delicate area of its climate? Can we adopt the same principles to build a contemporary building as energetically efficient? It is a question of studying the solutions proposed in this architecture. To achieve this goal, we will look the characteristics of the M’Zab area, and what tools and approaches are being mobilized to ensure thermal comfort without the help of technology. Resumen El presente trabajo se centra en el aspecto bioclimático en la construcción vernácula a través de un estudio de la arquitectura tradicional de M’zab. La pregunta planteada es cómo esta arquitectura podría ser útil y qué técnicas y estrategias están adaptadas para dar como resultado un rendimiento energético tan delicado en un área delicada de su clima. ¿podemos adoptar los mismos principios para construir un edificio contemporáneo como energéticamente eficiente? Se trata de estudiar las soluciones propuestas en esta arquitectura. Para lograr este objetivo, veremos las características del área de M’Zab, y qué herramientas y enfoques se están movilizando para asegurar el confort térmico sin la ayuda de la tecnología

The number of tobacco manufacturing companies is decreasing significantly, above 60 (sixty) companies on average every year. However, the cigarette companies contribute a significant amount to the state revenues, with an increase of more than 5 (five) trillion rupiah every year. Based on the data, we want to know the feasibility of investing in a cigarette company in the future. The method used includes four stages starting from data collection, data analysis, preliminary data processing, and concluding. This research use three sample companies: PT. Bentoel Internasional Investama Tbk, PT. Gudang Garam Tbk, and PT. HM Sampoerna Tbk. The results showed that based on the ROI, NPV, IRR, and BEP, PT. Gudang Garam Tbk. is the most feasible, followed by PT. HM Sampoerna Tbk. Meanwhile, PT. Bentoel Internasional Investama Tbk not feasible for investment.

Abstract BIM (Building Information Modeling) has come to transform the way we create and manage construction projects. Its use is increasingly widespread both nationally and internationally. However, it is a work tool that must be integrated into the overall management of the project. That is why, for a correct BIM implementation in a project, we must have a BIM execution plan adapted to the needs of the client and which in turn is integrated into the project management plan. The PMI Project Management Guide (PMBOK®) is a compendium of internationally recognized good practices. This Standard proposes the necessary processes to manage a project successfully from the beginning to the end of it. These processes and how to apply them to a specific project are developed in the project management plan (PDP). When a project is developed with BIM tools, it is necessary to generate a document that in turn plans how and at what level BIM will be implemented, the BIM execution plan (BEP). To achieve the success of a project, the BEP must be perfectly integrated into the PDP. In this study, an exhaustive review of the existing bibliography and the main BEP guides developed and disseminated nationally and internationally was carried out. The planning guide for the BIM execution, developed by the "Computer Integrated Construction" with the PMBOK® guide, has also been compared. The result of this analysis is a first proposal of a process map for project management that integrates BIM processes. As a future line of research, we intend to develop a BEP that ensures the integration of BIM tools into a project management plan aligned with the PMBOK® guide. Resumen BIM (Building Information Modeling) ha venido a transformar la forma en que creamos y gestionamos los proyectos de construcción. Su uso cada vez se encuentra más difundido tanto a nivel nacional e internacional. Sin embargo, se trata de una herramienta de trabajo que debe integrarse en la gestión global del proyecto. Es por esto que para una correcta implementación BIM en un proyecto debemos contar con un plan de ejecución BIM adecuado a las necesidades del cliente y que a su vez se integre en el plan de dirección del proyecto. La Guía para la Dirección de Proyectos (PMBOK®) de PMI, es un compendio de buenas prácticas reconocidas a nivel internacional. Esta Norma propone los procesos necesarios para gestionar un proyecto con éxito desde el inicio hasta el cierre del mismo. Estos procesos y cómo aplicarlos a un proyecto concreto se desarrollan en el plan de dirección del proyecto (PDP). Cuando un proyecto se desarrolla con herramientas BIM es preciso generar un documento que a su vez planifique cómo y a qué nivel se va a implementar BIM, el plan de ejecución BIM (BEP). Para lograr el éxito de un proyecto el BEP debe quedar perfectamente integrado en el PDP. En este estudio se ha realizado una revisión exhaustiva de la bibliografía existente y de las principales guías BEP desarrolladas y difundidas a nivel nacional e internacional. También se ha comparado la guía de planificación para la ejecución BIM, desarrollada por el “Computer Integrated Construction” con la guía del PMBOK®. Fruto de este análisis se presenta una primera propuesta de mapa de procesos para la dirección d

To improve the applications of beetle elytron plates (BEPs, which are biomimetic sandwich plates inspired by beetle elytra), the flexural performance and its synergistic mechanism of multibody molded BEPs were investigated via cantilever testing and finite element method (FEM). The results are summarized as follows. (1) Although debonding damage causes failure of the multibody molded BEPs and honeycomb plate and the reasonable range of trabecular size for BEPs is narrow, both the optimal loading capacity per mass and failure deformation of the BEPs are over two times those of the honeycomb plate. (2) A flexural synergistic mechanism is revealed in the trabecular-honeycomb core structure of BEPs; this mechanism causes the maximum deformation of core structure to gradually transfer from the honeycomb wall to the trabeculae with the increase in η (the ratio of the trabecular radius to the distance between the center points of two trabeculae), which means the different stretching behaviors in these core structures. (3) Unlike the compressive mechanism of BEPs, by controlling and balancing the deformation degrees of the trabeculae and honeycomb walls, the flexural mechanism achieves a minimum core deformation and an optimal flexural performance. These results suggest a qualitative relationship between the deformation behavior of trabecular-honeycomb core structure and bending performance of the whole BEP, and provide a solid foundation for subsequent research and the considerable application potential of this biomimetic sandwich structure in many fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BIM modelling of infrastructure works is controlled by a global market consisting of few software suppliers and is contingent upon the functions provided by them. Customization options furnished by the software suppliers often enable enhancement of functions, which is essential for infrastructure BIM although not completely available. This enables improved interoperability of the software tools used in this area. IFC is most likely to become an established international format for data exchange with its constant but also intricate further development. However, in underground infrastructure construction, both international and national standards are used and the integration of the latter in IFC cannot be anticipated. Hence, the implementation of BIM has to apply national standards in the use cases of collaborative data exchange among the different disciplines in tunnelling. In this contribution, the use case of payment of excavation classes and its implementation in a BIM environment are addressed. It discusses the interoperable interlinkage of software tools commonly used in construction to generate consistent digital data transfer and it underscores the need for an interdisciplinary agreement to integrate national standards into adequate practice for the implementation of BIM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing based cooperative system using Alamouti space–time block coding at relay node represents an alternative solution to achieve better connectivity and significant enhancement to the data rate in wireless fading channels. But, these advantages cannot be achieved without an efficient estimation of the channels which becomes more challenging for cooperative communications. This paper addresses the joint channel estimation and data detection for cooperative communication systems. Indeed, equispaced pilot symbols are used by maximum likelihood (ML) algorithm to derive channels estimator, and then equalizers are calculated and applied to improve receiver data detection. The main contribution of our work is the development of the ML estimator, the corresponding Cramer–Rao lower bound, mean square error, signal to interference plus noise ratio, outage probability, bit error probability and the use of simulations to demonstrate the superior performances of the proposed methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Standard management in the UK for high-risk stage 1 nonseminoma germ cell tumours of the testis (NSGCTT) is two cycles of adjuvant bleomycin, etoposide (360 mg/m2), and cisplatin (BE 360 P) chemotherapy, or surveillance. To test whether one cycle of BE 500 P achieves similar recurrence rates to two cycles of BE 360 P. A total of 246 patients with vascular invasion–positive stage 1 NSGCTT or combined seminoma + NSGCTT were centrally registered in a single-arm prospective study. One cycle comprising bleomycin 30000 IU on days 1, 8, and 15, etoposide 165 mg/m2 on days 1–3, and cisplatin 50 mg/m2 on days 1–2, plus antibacterial and granulocyte colony stimulating factor prophylaxis. The primary endpoint was 2-yr malignant recurrence (MR); the aim was to exclude a rate of ≥5%. Participants had regular imaging and tumour marker (TM) assessment for 5 yr. The median follow-up was 49 mo (interquartile range 37–60). Ten patients with rising TMs at baseline were excluded. Four patients had MR at 6, 7, 13, and 27 mo; all received second-line chemotherapy and surgery and three remained recurrence-free at 5 yr. The 2-yr MR rate was 1.3% (95% confidence interval 0.3–3.7%). Three patients developed nonmalignant recurrences with localised teratoma differentiated, rendered disease-free after surgery. Grade 3–4 febrile neutropenia occurred in 6.8% of participants. BE 500 P is safe and the 2-yr MR rate is consistent with that seen following two BE 360 P cycles. The 111 study is the largest prospective trial investigating one cycle of adjuvant BE 500 P in high-risk stage 1 NSGCTT. Adoption of one cycle of BE 500 P as standard would reduce overall exposure to chemotherapy in this young population. Removing the testicle fails to cure many patients with high-risk primary testicular cancer since undetectable cancers are often present elsewhere. A standard additional treatment in Europe is two cycles of chemotherapy to eradicate these. This trial shows one cycle has few adverse effects and comparable outcomes to those seen with two cycles. The 111 trial aimed to exclude a 2-yr recurrence rate of >5% with adjuvant one cycle of bleomycin, etoposide (500 mg/m2), and cisplatin (BE500Px1) in stage 1, high-risk nonseminomatous germ cell testis tumours. This was achieved, with 1.3% malignant recurrences among 236 cases. BE500Px1 should replace BE360Px2 as standard care for such patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

All over the world, internal conflicts have created challenges for development. Balochistan, one of the provinces of Pakistan, has been facing different forms of conflict leading to issues related to socio-economic development. This qualitative-descriptive research adopts a case-study design for investigating the challenges faced by development practitioners while implementing development projects in Baluchistan, and strategies adopted to overcome the challenges. Four cases that this research focuses on include: polio campaign in four districts of Balochistan, Balochistan Education Support Project (BEP) in three districts, the Refugee Affected and Hosting Areas Project (RAHA) in two districts, and Construction of Turbat-Buleda Road in Kech district. The data collection tools are observations and in-depth interviews based on purposive sampling. It has been found that a dominance of local customs and religious beliefs, security problems, and lack of skilled labour are the main challenges inhibiting development which need to be dealt with by incorporating community based development, engagement with powerful actors, local approach and out-of-the-box solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In chaos-based spread spectrum systems, the use of spreading code and chaotic binary sequence expands the bandwidth of the information-bearing signal but this expansion results in SNR degradation under the constraint of constant channel capacity according to Hartley-Shannon law. To compensate for this drawback, our proposed model employs an irregular low-density parity-check (LDPC) code with its iterative decoding algorithm. Coupled with this forward error correction (FEC) coding, we used non-coherent (NC) 16-ary differential chaos shift keying (16-DCSK) that additionally provides the ability of data encryption due to its use of chaotic signals compared with the conventional modulation schemes. Analytical expressions of bit error probability (BEP) are derived under the assumption of the three-ray model along with partial band noise jamming (PBNJ) over a Rayleigh fading channel. Simulation results assert that the proposed system can mitigate the effect of PBNJ via lowering BEP by coding gain and processing gain under identical transmission power. It is also confirmed that a higher level of security can be provided by the use of proposed two iteration functions of Duffing Map-based chaotic binary sequence than the security level of one iteration function of Logistic Map, based on the balance and autocorrelation analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concurrent use of bleomycin and granulocyte colony-stimulating factors (G-CSFs) has historically been debated as a risk factor for bleomycin-induced pulmonary toxicity in patients with both testicular cancer and Hodgkin's lymphoma. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the incidence of pulmonary toxicity in patients with testicular cancer who were treated with bleomycin and pegfilgrastim concurrently.This is a retrospective study that includes male patients over the age of 18 years old diagnosed with testicular cancer who received bleomycin-containing chemotherapy regimens with and without the use of G-CSF agents.There were a total of 33 patients identified as receiving bleomycin, with 30 of those patients having received concurrent G-CSF therapy. Of the patients who received G-CSF therapy, 11 patients (36.6%) experienced pulmonary toxicity leading to discontinuation of bleomycin or changes in chemotherapy regimens altogether.There were no major differences in patient demographics or risk factors between those who received G-CSF and developed pulmonary toxicity and those who received G-CSF but did not develop pulmonary toxicity. Further studies are needed in order to fully assess the risk of pulmonary toxicity with this chemotherapy regimen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article attempts to adapt the BEP analysis methodology to assess the viability of agricultural machinery. Itwas assumed to treat the machine depreciation cost as a fixed cost, but only to the rational use threshold. Above thisthreshold, it was considered that depreciation should be calculated using the active method and treated as a variablecost. In this case it’s a technical potential and its wear becomes a bottleneck. In addition, it was considered reasonableto take into account the cost of interest on the capital employed, which would be a fixed cost. So far research on theefficiency of machinery utilization has focused on the quantitative analysis of their use, and the financial aspects areignored. The proposed use of the BEP methodology allows not only quantitative and qualitative yield thresholds forthe analyzed machine, but also the calculation of the limit values of the variable component costs (fuel prices, repairs)and fixed costs (garage, maintenance, interest rates).