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This study assessed the relationship between the completion of an internship assignment prior to graduation and subsequent employment in a career-oriented job after graduation. Subjects for the study were 163 seniors graduating with a business degree from a large public university in the mid-Atlantic region of the USA. Results showed that the completion of an internship assignment was linked with finding career-oriented employment, but was not related to a higher level of confidence over personal fit with the position that was selected. The article presents implications for future research and discusses practical issues related to the use of internships and other forms of anticipatory socialization in the career management activities of college students.

Eighty-five arts and culture nonprofits were surveyed to determine the extent to which their financial and managerial practices conform to Sarbanes-Oxley and the New Form 990. Approximately half of the sample had audit committees that included unpaid financial experts. Almost all of the nonprofits engaged external accountants or CPA firms to conduct annual audits, but only 40% required their ED or CFO to sign the financial statements. Approximately half of the nonprofits had conflict of interest forms, written ethics policies, and whistle-blower policies. According to the results, the most important reason for voluntarily complying with Sarbanes-Oxley (SOX) was because it promotes sound financial management and “contributes to an internal culture of transparency.” Compliance was less motivated by donor retention, board directives, or fear of governmental regulation. This survey found that the size of a nonprofit’s annual operating budget and its age are directly related to its level of compliance with SOX. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

With respect to determining the factors contributing to the success of entrepreneurs, many studies have concentrated on the psychological and behavioral traits of entrepreneurs, the managerial skills and training of entrepreneurs, and the external environment. However, no consensus has been reached as to the level of importance of those factors in entrepreneurs' success. In order to determine the role and importance of factors contributing to the success of entrepreneurs, an ordered logit model is applied to a sample of one hundred and thirty-eight Turkish entrepreneurs. The level of family support, good customer service, charisma and friendliness to customers, business stress, ability to manage personnel, previous business experience, hard work, appropriate training, satisfactory government support, political involvement, and being married, are found significant determining factors in entrepreneurs' success. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three hundred and fifty-six entrepreneurs from Kenya and Ghana were surveyed to determine their motivation for business ownership, variables contributing to their business success, and the problems they encountered. Kenyan and Ghanaian entrepreneurs indicated that increasing their income and creating jobs for themselves were leading factors motivating them to become business owners. Hard work and good customer service were cited by both Kenyan and Ghanaian business owners as critical for their success. But, compared to the Kenyan entrepreneurs, Ghanaians weighed support from family and friends and external relationship building as more important. A weak economy is the most important problem preventing entrepreneurs of both countries from achieving their goals. Ghanaian entrepreneurs were more concerned about the inability to obtain capital, while Kenyan entrepreneurs were more concerned about government regulations and problems related to business location. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a follow-up to Callanan and Perri (2006), the authors investigated whether individuals are inclined to choose a conflict-handling approach based on their primary orientation as given by a standardized instrument, or whether they choose a style different from their primary orientation. The authors also assessed whether individuals are inclined to choose the appropriate or "optimal" strategy as based on contextual factors embodied in the conflict situation. Participants in the study were 184 graduate and undergraduate students from two universities located in the United States. Results show that when individuals are presented with conflict scenarios based on real-life events, they can and do choose conflict-handling strategies that are different from their presumed dominant strategy. Further, results show that individuals are generally able to read contextual factors and social cues to select the most "situationally appropriate" conflict-handling response. This study presents implications for future research and discusses issues related to the management of interpersonal and intragroup conflict. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

William Gibbs McAdoo served simultaneously as Woodrow Wilson's Secretary of the Treasury and as the ex-officio chairman of the Federal Reserve Board. This paper discusses McAdoo's role in the development, passage, and implementation of the Federal Reserve Act and the conflict between his positions in the cabinet and on the Federal Reserve Board. McAdoo aggressively used his power to ameliorate seasonal and regional shortages of credit within the United States. He failed in his effort to make the Federal Reserve an international central bank and to use the dollar as the basis for settlement in the western hemisphere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]