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The intensive development of tight reservoirs has positioned them as a strategic alternative to conventional oil and gas resources. Existing enhanced oil recovery (EOR) methods struggle to effectively exploring reservoir oil, resulting in low recovery rates. Novel and effective means of developing tight reservoirs are urgently needed. Nanomaterials have shown promising applications in improving water flooding efficiency, with in-depth research into mechanisms that lower injection pressure and increase water injection volumes. However, the extent of improvement remains limited. In this study, a silicon quantum dots (Si-QDs) material was synthesized via a hydrothermal synthesis method and used to prepare a nanofluid for the efficient recovery of tight reservoir. The Si-QDs, with an approximate diameter of 3 nm and a spherical structure, were surface functionalized with benzenesulfonic acid groups to enhance the performance. The developed nanofluid demonstrated stability without aggregation at 120 °C and a salinity of 60000 mg/L. Core flooding experiments have demonstrated the attractive EOR capabilities of Si-QDs, shedding light of the EOR mechanisms. Si-QDs effectively improve the wettability of rocks, enhancing the sweeping coefficient of injected fluids and expanding sweeping area. Within this sweeping region, Si-QDs efficiently stripping adsorbed oil from the matrix, thus increasing sweeping efficiency. Furthermore, Si-QDs could modify the state of pore-confined crude oil, breaking it down into smaller particles that are easier to displacement in subsequent stages. Si-QDs exhibit compelling EOR potential, positioning them as a promising approach for effectively developing tight oil reservoirs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs) have garnered extraordinary attention in displaying field owing to their excellent luminescence properties. Although exogenous additives are extensively employed for optimizing PeLEDs, their comprehensive regulation including side effects still lacks in‐depth study. Here for the first time, it is demonstrated that the deprotonation degree of additives significantly influences the performance of blue PeLEDs. Benzenesulfonic acid (BSA) and ammonium benzenesulfonate (ABS) with similar molecular structures while distinctly different acid dissociation constants (pKa) are used for modifying blue perovskites. By comparison, high‐pKa ABS holds greater potential in boosting device performance, contributing to an improved peak external quantum efficiency of 18.8%. This discrepancy is ascribed to the fact that low‐pKa BSA is prone to induce prominent perovskite chlorine loss owing to its intense deprotonation, while high‐pKa ABS significantly suppresses chlorine vacancy formation. Meanwhile, the adsorption energy of organic spacer onto perovskite is greatly reduced due to the strong intermolecular hydrogen bonding with ABS, contributing to a concentrated phase arrangement for smooth exciton energy transfer. Additionally, ABS modification further suppresses trap‐mediated nonradiative recombination by coordinating with the undercoordinated lead (II) ions at grain boundaries. This work provides valuable guidelines for optimizing additive screening toward high‐performance blue PeLEDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Deep oil and gas are essential alternative resources for future energy sources, but the lack of high temperature and high salt resistance mechanisms and agents significantly limits their development. Copolymers of six commonly used high-temperature and salt resistance monomers and acrylamide with similar molecular weights were prepared to improve oil recovery in deep reservoirs. The effects of different functional groups on the high-temperature and salt resistance of polymers were revealed by the drilling fluid and elemental analysis, TOC test, Zeta potential, particle size, and other analytical methods. Experimental results indicate that the pyrrole ring groups, quaternary amine groups, long-chain sulfonate groups, and benzenesulfonic acid groups can effectively improve the high-temperature stability of polymers in an aqueous solution. Quaternary ammonium groups and pyrrole rings can enhance the polymer adsorption with clay under high temperatures and high salinity conditions due to charge attraction. However, these functional groups hinder the clay dispersion and reduce the stability of drilling fluids. Hydration groups, such as sulfonic and carboxylic acid groups, can better maintain the colloidal stability of drilling fluids under high temperatures and high salinity, and benzene sulfonic acid groups are the optimal hydration groups. After the polymer is adsorbed on the clay surface, the benzene sulfonic acid group assists in forming a thicker hydration film on the clay surface, effectively hindering the damage of high temperature and high salinity on the clay. The findings and observations of this study provide theoretical support for the development of high-temperature and salt resistance polymers for water-based drilling fluids of ultra-deep wells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Corn starch and peanut protein blend films were prepared with and without gallic acid addition (0.25%, w/v) at pH 7, 9, and 11 by casting. The ultrasound (160 W, 20 kHz, 10 min) treatment was applied to the film‐forming solutions. This study aimed to develop biopolymer‐based films with gallic acid and to determine the interactions of components at different pHs and with ultrasound. The barrier, optical, mechanical, and thermal properties of films were examined. Moreover, structural characterization of films was conducted by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), x‐ray diffraction, and trinitro benzenesulfonic acid assay to enlighten the crosslinking interactions of gallic acid with biopolymers at different pHs. At neutral pH, gallic acid behaved as plasticizer. By acting as a crosslinker at pH 9, gallic acid provided the lowest moisture content, darker and more opaque appearance, enhanced barrier performance and thermal stability. The crosslinking degrees of gallic acid‐enriched films were 49.1% (pH 7), 77% (pH 9), and 67.4% (pH 11). Additionally, gallic acid increased antioxidant capacity. The ultrasonication adversely affected the film properties by breaking bonds in the film structure. Peanut protein‐corn starch‐gallic acid films under mild alkaline conditions exhibited outstanding thermal stability, mechanical durability, light, and water barrier characteristics, making them appropriate for sustainable food packaging applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydroxyl‐terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) is found in many applications due to its ease of manufacturing, useful mechanical properties over a wide temperature range, and reactive hydroxyl chain ends. Typically, HTPB is crosslinked with isocyanates to form polyurethane thermosets. Limitations of this approach include the use of toxic isocyanates and the oxidative instability of backbone alkenes. In this work, saturated HTPB is used to form reprocessable covalent adaptable networks that are capable of stress relaxation and reprocessing, without relying on isocyanates or unstable alkenes. This approach introduces dynamic chemistry to the HTPB network via chain extension and subsequent crosslinking with 4‐methyl caprolactone (4mCL) and a novel bislactone crosslinker. Using benzenesulfonic acid (BSA) as a transesterification catalyst, stress relaxation times range from 150 to 8 min at temperatures of 70 to 100 °C. Despite crosslinking, these networks behave elastically, as evidenced by strain‐at‐break values of 93% for pristine samples, and dynamically, as shown by a strain‐at‐break of 72% after reprocessing the damaged samples. Shape reprogramming is also demonstrated by straining the crosslinked networks and heating to elevated temperatures where bond exchange occurs. These findings illustrate the advantageous properties that can be achieved by using cheap commodity building blocks to achieve dynamic properties. We anticipate that valorizing commodity polymers into reprocessable thermosets will be of utility in applications that lack other viable recycling pathways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: Classification of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is associated with the clinical prognosis; however, objective classification markers are scarce. This study aimed to identify metabolic markers in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of children with SMA types II and III. Methods: CSF samples were collected from 40 patients with SMA (27 with type II and 13 with type III) and analyzed for metabolites. Results: We identified 135 metabolites associated with SMA types II and III. These were associated with lysine degradation and arginine, proline, and tyrosine metabolism. We identified seven metabolites associated with the Hammersmith Functional Motor Scale: 4‐chlorophenylacetic acid, adb‐chminaca,(+/−)‐, dodecyl benzenesulfonic acid, norethindrone acetate, 4‐(undecan‐5‐yl) benzene‐1‐sulfonic acid, dihydromaleimide beta‐d‐glucoside, and cinobufagin. Potential typing biomarkers, N‐cyclohexylformamide, cinobufagin, cotinine glucuronide, N‐myristoyl arginine, 4‐chlorophenylacetic acid, geranic acid, 4‐(undecan‐5‐yl) benzene, and 7,8‐diamino pelargonate, showed good predictive performance. Among these, N‐myristoyl arginine was unaffected by the gene phenotype. Conclusion: This study identified metabolic markers are promising candidate prognostic factors for SMA. We also identified the metabolic pathways associated with the severity of SMA. These assessments can help predict the outcomes of screening SMA classification biomarkers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sonochemistry under controlled conditions has proven effective in medicinal chemistry and drug development. It can substantially shorten reaction timelines from days or hours to minutes. A convenient one-pot synthesis of 2,4,5-trisubstituted and 1,2,4,5-tetrasubstituted imidazole derivatives catalyzed by PTSA and benzenesulfonic acid in ethanol as solvent, under ultrasonic irradiation and without ultrasound irradiation at 50° C has been achieved successfully. These 2,4,5-trisubstituted and 1,2,4,5-tetrasubstituted imidazole derivatives synthesis were also accomplished using different solvents viz., Methanol, Ethanol, DCM, DMF, Acetonitrile and THF and PTSA as the catalyst. This method yielded the highest % synthesis of 2,4,5-trisubstituted and 1,2,4,5-tetrasubstituted imidazole derivatives with PTSA as the catalyst in solvent ethanol. These reactions were also optimized for % of PTSA catalyst required to obtain the maximum yield of 2,4,5-trisubstituted and 1,2,4,5-tetrasubstituted imidazole derivatives with and without ultrasound irradiation at 50° C. Synthesis of 2,4,5-trisubstituted Imidazole derivatives reaction follows first-order rate kinetics while that of 1,2,4,5-tetrasubstituted Imidazole derivatives reaction follows the second-order rate kinetics. Furthermore, sonochemistry has higher yields, lower cost, easier workups, and higher purity than conventional thermal organic synthesis, which has lower yields, tedious workups, longer reaction periods, lower purity, and numerous byproducts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High‐performance artificial synapse with nonvolatile memory and low power consumption is a perfect candidate for brainoid intelligence. Unfortunately, due to the energy barrier paradox between ultra‐low power and nonvolatile modulation of device conductances, it is still a challenge at the moment to construct such ideal synapses. Herein, a proton‐reservoir type 4,4′,4″,4'''‐(Porphine‐5,10,15,20‐tetrayl) tetrakis (benzenesulfonic acid) (TPPS) molecule and fabricated organic protonic memristors with device width of 10 µm to 100 nm is synthesized. The occurrence of sequential proton migration and interfacial self‐coordinated doping will introduce new energy levels into the molecular bandgap, resulting in effective and nonvolatile modulation of device conductance over 64 continuous states with retention exceeding 30 min. The power consumptions of modulating and reading the device conductance approach the zero‐power operating limits, which range from 16.25 pW to 2.06 nW and 6.5 fW to 0.83 pW, respectively. Finally, a robust artificial synapse is successfully demonstrated, showing spiking‐rate‐dependent plasticity (SRDP) and spiking‐timing‐dependent plasticity (STDP) characteristics with ultra‐low power of 0.66 to 0.82 pW, as well as 100 long‐term depression (LTD)/potentiation (LTP) cycles with 0.14%/0.30% weight variations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To evaluate the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, inhibitory and cell proliferation activities of Cirsium japonicum (C. japonicum) var. spinossimum. Methods: Phytochemicals (polyphenols, flavonoids, and silymarin) in leaves, roots, and seeds of C. japonicum var. spinossimum were quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Antioxidant activity was investigated on 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals. Anti-inflammatory activity was investigated on nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 cells. Immunostimulant and hair loss prevention was confirmed through 3'-{1-((phenylamino)-carbonyl)-3, 4-tetrazolium}bis(4-methoxy-6-nitro)benzenesulfonic acid hydrate (XTT)-based cell proliferation assays using Jurkat cells and human follicle dermal papilla cells (HFDPC). Results: Extract from seeds exhibited the highest total polyphenol content (610.08 ± 32.40 mg GAE/g), as well as the highest total flavonoid content, while the total polyphenol content of leaves and root extracts were similar. The RC50 values for seed extract against ABTS and DPPH radicals were 8.20 ± 0.02 µg/mL and 40.13 ± 2.47 µg/mL, respectively. In particular, all six Silymarin derivatives were found to be highest in the seed extract. The C. japonicum var. spinossimum seed extract (CSE) showed significant (p < 0.05) nitric oxide (NO) inhibitory activity in RAW264.7 cells induced by LPS at all concentrations (12.5, 25, 50, 100 and 200 µg/mL) and exhibited significant (p < 0.05) cell proliferation activity in Jurkat and hair follicle dermal papilla cells (HFDPC) at 25 µg/mL. Conclusion: Extract of C. japonicum var. spinossimum seeds contain polyphenols and flavonoids and show significant NO inhibitory and cell proliferation activity in Jurkat and HFDPC. Therefore, Cirsium japonicum is a promising source of anti-inflammatory and anticancer agents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The leather manufacturing sector is actively pursuing organic alternatives to replace the utilization of inorganic tanning chemicals such as chromium, zirconium, and aluminum due to concerns over their environmental impact. Although glutaraldehyde has been considered a feasible alternative, it still falls short in providing the leather with greater tensile properties and is also considered to be toxic. In this study, we report the synthesis of a sulfonated gallic acid-based epoxide (GSE) and evaluate its performance as a metal-free tanning compound. The synthesized compound was subjected to comprehensive characterization using FTIR (functional group), ESI-MS (molecular weight), and NMR (chemical environment) spectroscopy. Furthermore, the leather treated with GSE demonstrated organoleptic and physical properties that were comparable to those achieved with glutaraldehyde tanning systems. SEM analysis of the GSE-tanned leather exhibited a homogeneous distribution pattern, confirming the stability of the collagen. In addition, the hydrothermal stability temperature of leather crosslinked with epoxide was found to be 83 ± 2 °C. The wastewater generated from the GSE tanning process exhibited a BOD to COD ratio of 0.35 ± 0.04, indicating its high treatability. The results showed that the GSE tanning system provided better tanning efficiency and improved crosslinking and thermal stability without the use of metal salts. Furthermore, the use of GSE as a tanning agent offers several advantages, such as easy availability, biodegradability, and low toxicity, making it a sustainable and environment-friendly option for the leather industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The sustained water consumption and uncontrollable dendrite growth strongly hamper the practical applications of rechargeable zinc (Zn) metal batteries (ZMBs). Herein, for the first time, we demonstrate that trace amount of chelate ligand additive can serve as a "molecular sieve‐like" interfacial barrier and achieve highly efficient Zn plating/stripping. As verified by theoretical modeling and experimental investigations, the benzenesulfonic acid groups on the additive molecular not only facilitates its water solubility and selective adsorption on the Zn anode, but also effectively accelerates the de‐solvation kinetics of Zn2+. Meanwhile, the central porphyrin ring on the chelate ligand effectively expels free water molecules from Zn2+ via chemical binding against hydrogen evolution, and reversibly releases the captured Zn2+ to endow a dendrite‐free Zn deposition. By virtue of this non‐consumable additive, high average Zn plating/stripping efficiency of 99.7 % over 2100 cycles together with extended lifespan and suppressed water decomposition in the Zn||MnO2 full battery were achieved, thus opening a new avenue for developing highly durable ZMBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A crown ether-loaded hybrid adsorbent suitable for the separation and enrichment of strontium from high-level liquid waste was synthesized. 4′,4′(5″)-di(tert-butylcyclohexano)-18-crown-6 (DtBuCH18C6) and its modifiers dodecyl benzenesulfonic acid (DBS) and 1-dodecanol were impregnated into silica-based polymer support. The hybrid adsorbent exhibited excellent Sr(II) selectivity ability, and effective chromatographic separation and recovery of Sr(II) from simulated high-level liquid waste could be achieved with a (DtBuCH18C6 + DBS + dodec)/SiO2-P packed column. The recovery rate of Sr(II) calculated based on the mass balance was approximately 99% and over 80% for the other coexisting metal ions. An appropriate increase in the concentration of Na-DTPA eluent was favorable to improve the efficiency of the elution process because of the increased complexation capacity of [DTPA]5− to Sr(II). The developed theoretical model can simulate the dynamic breakthrough curves of the material on the basis of short column data, thereby predicting the scale-up column of the practical operation. Density functional theory calculation was used to explore the action mechanism of DBS modifiers on the Sr(II) complexation process of crown ether groups. Two Sr(II) complexation isomeric models of DtBuCH18C6 were established, and the calculation results revealed a similar complexation ability. DtBuCH18C6 could form a stable Sr(II) complexation structure with DBS coordination, which further indicated that DBS could be a ligand to promote the Sr(II) adsorption ability of crown ether materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Ulcerative colitis, an idiopathic, chronic inflammatory illness of the intestinal mucosa is primarily fuelled by inflammation and oxidative stress. Aim: The present study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of Plantago ovata husk in mice with Trinitro Benzenesulfonic Acid (TNBS)-induced Ulcerative Colitis (UC). Materials and Methods: BALB/c mice were exposed to TNBS intrarectally, causing ulcerative colitis. All mice received diet supplemented with Plantago ovata husk polysaccharide for 6 days, and their clinical symptoms were identified and evaluated. Following sacrifice, analyses of macroscopic and microscopic damage, intestinal oxidative stress levels, and antioxidant enzyme levels were performed. The colon's histological characteristics were also examined. Results: In comparison to the induced group, the highest dose significantly reduced the ulcer index, the histopathologic damage, and levels of NO, LPO, and MPO in tissues. Furthermore, SOD and GSH levels were increased restoring the balance of oxidants in colonic mucosa. The healing of injured tissues was also evident from the histology analysis. Conclusion: In higher doses, P. ovata husk extract significantly lowers mucosal damage and inflammation in mice with UC. P. ovata husk extract showed moderate protective effects and can be beneficial in treating Ulcerative colitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developing green and convenient strategies for constructing C−S bonds is attractive, as it is indispensable for numerous essential biological and pharmaceutical compound syntheses. Herein, an efficient, cost‐effective method for synthesizing 2,4‐dinitroaryl thioether derivatives is achieved by ipso nucleophilic substitution of an aromatic sulfonic acid group by thiol to construct a new C−S bond. This methodology neither requires the assistance of any transition metal catalyst nor harsh reaction conditions. Such thioether formation from aryl sulfonic acids is new. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The reaction of tetra(para-tolyl)stibonium chloride p-Tol4SbCl (I) with benzenesulfonic acid in water affords tetra(para-tolyl)stibonium benzenesulfonate p-Tol4SbOSO2Ph (II). According to the X-ray diffraction (XRD) data (CIF files CCDC nos. 2167562 and 2126493, respectively), compounds I and II have molecular structures with the distorted trigonal bipyramidal coordination of the antimony atom. The geometric characteristics for molecules of compound I: angles CSbC 96.12(8)°−124.83(8)°, axial angle CSbCl 174.91(6)°, distances Sb–C and Sb−Cl 2.107(2)–2.170(2) and 2.7230(13) Å, respectively; for molecules of compound II angles CSbC 97.72(14)°−118.77(15)°, axial angle CSbCl 174.91(6)°, distances Sb–C and Sb−Cl 2.107(2)–2.170(2) and 2.7230(13) Å, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A number of wedge-shaped amphiphilic mesogens, derivatives of 1,2,3-tris(dodecyloxy)-benzene, which are precursors of polymer ion conducting membranes, were synthesized. The synthesized compounds included asymmetric 2,3,4-tris(dodecyloxy)benzenesulfonic acid and its sodium and pyridine salts. The self-organization processes of the synthesized mesogens were studied in thin films at different temperatures. Thermotropic liquid crystalline properties of these compounds were studied by DSC method. The structure of the liquid crystalline phases was studied using polarized thermooptical microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The influence of an orientation of magnetic field vector on phase composition of thin films was analyzed. It was shown that the texture of mesogenic films containing different counterions can be controlled by a combination of heating and applying a magnetic field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One‐pot multiple tandem synthesis of DMF from biomass saccharides including monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides is of great importance for biomass fuels and chemicals. Due to the complexity of reactions, current catalytic systems often suffer from inferior activity, low yield, and harsh reaction conditions. Here, a Pd‐supported hydrophobic acidic 2DMOF (Pd/NUS‐PhSO3H‐Ph) was first prepared by continuous grafting of benzenesulfonic acid and tert‐butylbenzene groups followed by Pd impregnation methods. It shows catalytic efficiency for the DMF synthesis from saccharides under the reduction of polymethylhydrosiloxane (PMHS), which are previously unattainable in all reported catalysts. Controlled experiments and detailed characterizations show that hydrophobic 2D nanosheet structure promotes the wettability of feedstocks and intermediates for the active sites. This work proposes a new door toward an efficient and facile synthesis of DMF via designing a powerful 2DMOF‐based catalyst with cooperative acid‐hydrogenation catalysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Stability study of a 10 mg/mL injectable cisatracurium solution stored refrigerated in amber glass ampoules for 18 months (M18). Methods: 4000 ampoules were aseptically compounded using European Pharmacopoeia (EP)-grade cisatracurium besylate, sterile water for injection, and benzenesulfonic acid. We developed and validated a stability-indicating HPLC-UV method for cisatracurium and laudanosine. At each stability study time point, we recorded the visual aspect, cisatracurium and laudanosine levels, pH, and osmolality. Sterility, bacterial endotoxin content, and non-visible particles in solution were checked after compounding (T0) and after M12 and M18 of storage. We used HPLC-MS/MS to identify the degradation products (DPs). Results: During the study, osmolality remained stable, pH decreased slightly, and the organoleptic properties did not change. The number of non-visible particles remained below the EP's threshold. Sterility was preserved, and bacterial endotoxin level remained below the calculated threshold. Cisatracurium concentration remained within the ±10% acceptance interval for 15 months and then decreased to 88.7% of C0 after M18. The laudanosine generated accounted for less than a fifth of the cisatracurium degradation, and three DPs were generated—identified as EP impurity A, impurities E/F, and impurities N/O. Conclusion: Compounded 10 mg/mL cisatracurium injectable solution is stable for at least 15 months. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ferrocene derivatives are amongst the most promising electroactive organic electrolytes. The bottleneck problems of their application in aqueous redox flow batteries are their poor solubility and lower potential as well as the complexity of the modification methods to solve these problems. In this study, a benzenesulfonic acid group is easily introduced into the ferrocene structure by a mature diazotization reaction, and the synthesized sodium m-phenylferrocene sulfonate BASFc is used as the novel cathodic electroactive electrolyte for AORFB. The hydrophilicity and the electron-absorbing effect of the introduced benzenesulfonic group can effectively improve the water solubility and redox potential of ferrocene. Moreover, the introduction of phenyl extends the conjugated structure of ferrocene and increases its structural dimension, which may be conducive to reducing its membrane permeability and improving the structural stability to some extent. The physical structure and the electrochemical properties of BASFc are studied systematically; the feasibility of its application as a cathodic electrolyte in AORFBs is verified by assembling the half-cell and full-cell. The results verify the good electrochemical reaction kinetics of BASFc in acid electrolyte and the corresponding AORFB shows satisfactory efficiency and stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the increasing use of plastic product, there is a large amount of plastic waste containing plasticizer, especially dibutyl phthalate (DBP), which would pollute the water and soil, and even cause diseases to humans and wildlife. Normally, the DBP in soil or water is trace, making it hard to be detected exactly. To solve this case, core‐shell structured molecularly imprinting polymers (P‐MIPs) were synthesized. Combing with photoresponsive monomer 4‐[(4‐methacryloyloxy) phenylazo] benzenesulfonic acid (MAPASA), the prepared P‐MIPs can be controlled by light to specifically absorb (440 nm or darkness condition) and release (365 nm) DBP, with the absorption capacity of 4.45 mg g−1 and imprinting factor of 3.56. More important, the P‐MIPs exhibit excellent reusability and practicability by applied to enrich and extract DBP in river water samples. In conclusion, the proposed P‐MIPs offer an idea for the detection of trace pollutants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a novel Yb metal–organic frameworks {[Yb(L)(DMA)(H2O)]·(3H2O)}n (Yb‐MOF, H3L is 4‐(N,N′‐bis(4‐carboxylbenzyl)amino)benzenesulfonic acid) was synthesized by solvothermal reaction. Modified Yb‐MOF was prepared by the potassium permanganate method for removing the Cu(II) and As(V) from simulated wastewater. The optimal pH value of modified Yb‐MOF for Cu(II) and As(V) adsorption was 5, and the optimal dosage of adsorbent was 0.04 mg/10 ml by static adsorption test. Four isothermal adsorption models (Freundlich, Langmuir, Temkin, and Dubinin–Radushkevich models) were fitted and analyzed. The adsorption processes of Cu(II) and As(V) were consistent with Freundlich, Langmuir, and Temkin models. The highest Cu(II) and As(V) adsorption capacity are 59.418 and 81.169 mg/g, respectively. The adsorption kinetic model and thermodynamic analysis of the modified Yb‐MOF for Cu(II) and As(V) were studied. The results showed revealed that the pseudo‐second‐order kinetic had a higher correlation association with the Cu(II) and As(V) adsorption process, indicating that chemisorption was dominant in both processes. At 298 and 308 K, the Cu(II) and As(V) adsorption by modified Yb‐MOF is spontaneous. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Unexpected ring closure of 2-(1-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-methyl-1H-1,2,3-triazole-4-carbonyl)-N-phenylhydrazine-1-carbothioamide (3) on exposure to sulfuric acid at room temperature for an extended duration (12 h) gave 4-((5-(1-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-methyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)amino)benzenesulfonic acid (4) in 75% yield. The use of sulfuric acid led to sulfonation at the para-position of the benzene ring in phenyl isothiocyanate. The crystal structure comprises two independent types of molecules of 4 and two disordered ether solvent molecules. The synthesized benzenesulfonic acid inhibits the growth of both Listeria monocytogenes and Escherichia coli and its activity was comparable to those obtained for ampicillin and vancomycin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) are expected to be strong competitors in gas separation membranes. Nevertheless, the poor interaction between fillers and matrix is a major restriction to prepare MMMs with a higher separation performance. In this work, MIL-101(Cr) was functionalized with −NH2, −COOH, and benzenesulfonic acid (−PhSO3H) group and these functionalized MIL-101 particles were embedded in cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) to form MMMs. The interaction effect of functionalized MIL-101 with CNFs on the separation performance was discussed. After the adjustment of MIL-101-NH2 loading, the resulting MIL-101-NH2/CNF membrane with 5 wt% loading exhibited enhanced H2 permeance of ~ 2.56 × 10− 7 mol m−2 s− 1 Pa− 1 with H2/CO2 ideal selectivity of ~ 21.9. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Designing high temperature proton exchange membranes (HTPEMs) with high H+ conductivity and long durability has been challenging. Here, a comb-shaped polybenzimidazoles (CbPBI) and crosslinkable polyoxy (benzenesulfonic acid) phazenes (PBSP) proton conductors are prepared, then they are used to fabricate a series of PBSP-CbPBI membranes with good comprehensive performances. CbPBI provides high flexibility and large free volume, which facilitates the construction of proton transport channels. And PBSP is the bifunctional proton conductor and crosslinker that introduces abundant sulfonic acid groups while retaining the crosslinkable property. By strongly chemical binding with CbPBI, the basicity of the imidazole ring is enhanced, avoiding the leaching of PBSP, thus enabling the overall crosslinked membrane to exhibit a durable intrinsic proton conductivity. Benefiting from the construction of the dual crosslinked network (covalent and ionic crosslinking), the oxidative stability, dimensional stability, and fuel-blocking properties of the PBSP-CbPBI membranes perform well. The proton conductivity of PBSP(50)-CbPBI membrane reaches 0.163, 0.084, 0.057, and 0.043 S/cm, respectively, at 180 °C and different relative humidity (100 % RH, 50 % RH, 30 % RH, and 0 RH). Enduring hot-washing for 96 h, the less decay of membrane in conductivity and weight demonstrates good durability. The design strategy such as the construction of monolithic crosslinked macromolecular structures in PBSP-CbPBI membranes shows wide application prospects in HTPEMs. Benefiting from the large free volume and high flexibility offered by the CbPBI, the three-dimensional macromolecular network was easily fabricated by the covalent crosslinking between CbPBI and PBSP, which ensures the high proton conductivity and long-term durability at high temperature and wide RH. [Display omitted] • Comb-shaped polybenzimidazole (CbPBI) based on polyphosphazene has large free volume. • Polyphosphazene-based PBSP is crosslinkable and rich in sulfonic acid groups. • Three-dimensional structures is fabricated by covalent and ionic crosslinking. • The good δ and durability of PBSP-CbPBI show potential applications in HTPEMs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tetra(para-tolyl)antimony benzenesulfonate of the monoclinic modification was synthesized by the reaction between equimolar amounts of benzenesulfonic acid and antimony tolyl derivatives para-Tol4SbХ [X = Br, ONCHCH=CHPh, OС(O)CH2OС6H3Cl2-2,4] in a water-acetone solution. Carrying out these reactions in a benzene solution leads to the formation of tetra(para-tolyl)antimony benzenesulfonate of the rhombic modification. The structure of the obtained compounds, in which antimony atoms have a distorted trigonal-bipyramidal coordination with electronegative substituents in axial positions, was established by X-ray diffraction analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glass transition temperature (T g) is important for amorphous compounds because it can have implications on their physical and chemical stability. With drugs that possess ionizable acidic or basic groups, salt formation is a potential strategy to reduce re-crystallization tendency through T g elevation. While salt formation has been reported to impact re-crystallization tendency, it is not known if this holds true for all drugs and if it is useful in the context of amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) formulations. In addition, little information on the impact of salt formation on drug release performance of ASD is available. Herein, the influence of salt formation and T g elevation on the release performance of lumefantrine (T g = 19.7 °C) when formulated as an ASD with copovidone (PVPVA) was examined. Lumefantrine salts and lumefantrine salt–PVPVA ASDs with drug loadings (DLs) ranging from 5 to 30% were prepared. The acids used for salt formation were benzoic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, camphorsulfonic acid, hydrochloric acid, p -toluenesulfonic acid, poly(ethylene) glycol 250 diacid (PEG 250 diacid), and sulfuric acid. Salt formation resulted in an elevation of T g compared to lumefantrine free base, with the largest increase in T g observed with lumefantrine sulfate. With a lower T g salt, ASDs could be formulated at higher DLs while ensuring drug release. In contrast, drug release ceased at a DL as low as 5% when T g of the salt was high. However, ASDs with lower T g s such as the benzoate and PEG 250 diacid salts showed poor stability against re-crystallization when stored under stress storage conditions. When using a salt in an ASD formulation, attention should be paid to the T g of the salt, since it may show opposing effects on physical stability and drug release, at least for PVPVA-based ASDs. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increasing attention has been paid to removal of aqueous contaminations resulting from azo dyes in water by plasma technology. However, the influence factors and removal mechanism of plasma technology were still obscure, moreover, energy consumption and oxidized degradation efficiency of plasma reactor were also inferior. In the present study, a comparative analysis was performed using 100 mg/L of Methyl Orange (MO) in the simulated wastewater with a novel plasma reactor to achieve the ideal parameters involving voltage, discharge gap, and discharge needle numbers. Therefore, the optimal removal rate for MO could be up to 95.1% and the energy consumption was only 0.26 kWh/g after the plasma treatment for 60 min, when the voltage was set as 15 kV, the discharge gap was 20 mm, and the discharge needle numbers was 5. Based upon the response surface methodology (RSM), the removal rate of MO was predicted as 99.3% by massive optimization values in software, and the optimum conditions were confirmed with the plasma treatment period of 60 min, the voltage of 14.8 kV, the discharge gap of 20 mm, and the discharge needles of 5. Plasma associated with catalysts systems including plasma, plasma/Fe2+, plasma/PS, and plasma/PS/Fe2+ were further investigated, and the best removal rate for MO reached 99.2% at 60 min under the plasma/PS/Fe2+ system due to simultaneously synergistic reactions of HO• and SO4•−. Moreover, it was also revealed that –N=N– bond was attacked and broken by active species like HO•, and the oxidized by-products of benzenesulfonic acid and phenolsulfonic acid might be generated, via the analysis of the variation in the absorbances through UV-Vis spectrophotometry during the plasma treatment. As a result, the advanced plasma technique in this study presented excellent efficacy for MO removal from simulated wastewater with low energy consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, much effort has been devoted to the development of effective anticancer agents. In this manner, the utilization of water‐soluble sulfonated phthalocyanines is crucial for many cancer cell lines. In this study, phthalonitrile and metallophthalocyanine compounds linked by benzenesulfonic acid groups have been prepared. Antimicrobial behaviors of those compounds were investigated by performing disk diffusion and photodynamic assays on gram‐positive and negative bacteria. Indium phthalocyanine (InClPc) (3) showed inhibition activity against B. cereus, B. subtilis and S. aureus with disk diffusion assay. Also, gallium and indium phthalocyanines (2 and 3) exhibited inhibitory activity on both gram‐positive and ‐negative microorganisms after light activation. Increasing the inhibitor concentration and light exposure time increased the inhibition activity for both molecules. GaClPc (2) demonstrated the maximum reducing power capacity among studied compounds, and CoPc (4) showed even better DPPH radical scavenging ability than the standard molecule Trolox at 2000 µg mL−1 concentration. The dose‐dependent effect of compounds on cytotoxicity was studied against cancer cells PANC‐1, MDA‐MB‐231, HepG2, A549, HeLa, CaCo‐2 and non‐tumorigenic cells HEK‐293. All compounds showed no significant cytotoxic effect on any cell line up to the highest treated concentration at 50 µg mL−1. However, all phthalocyanines had significant nitric oxide inhibition activity, and only in copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) (5), the MTT IC50 value was reached on LPS‐activated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. The lowest inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) IC50 values were defined as 6 ± 1 μg mL−1 and 7 ± 0.5 μg mL−1 for CuPc (5) and InClPc (3), respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the phenomenon that rhodamine derivatives（4-N-acrylamide-（3'，6'-bis（diethylamino）- spiro［isobenzofuran-1，9'-xanthene］-3-one）（AM-RhB）will open the lactone ring to display color or emit fluorescence under moderate acidic conditions（4. 425%） and fluorescence intensity modulation （>700） before and after stimulating with water ，and good reversibility （> 5 times）. This work will provide a promising way for the development of new hydrochromic materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is distinct by severe inflammation of intestinal epithelial tissue and more than 2 million people worldwide are affected with ulcerative colitis. This disease is primarily driven by oxidative stress and inflammation. Objectives: To identify a safer remedy with less/no adverse effect, we investigated the beneficial ability of Carthamus tinctorius L. extracts to alleviate multi-factorial conditions like oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, and inflammation in Trinitro benzenesulfonic acid induced experimental ulcerative colitis in mice. Materials and Methods: Ulcerative colitis in Balb/c mice were induced by intrarectal administration of TNBS. Hydroalcoholic Carthamus tinctorius L. extracts were supplemented orally and all mice were observed and scored for clinical manifestations. After sacrificing mice, inflammatory markers, colonic oxidative stress levels, and antioxidant enzymes were measured. Histological features of the colon were also analyzed. Results: Supplementing the TNBS-induced group with the plant extracts suppressed oxidative stress, enhanced cytoprotective antioxidants, and reduced inflammation. The histological evaluation also showed restoration of damaged tissues. Conclusion: Our findings indicate the curative ability of the hydroalcoholic Carthamus tinctorius L. extracts and can be a good therapeutic candidate to treat Ulcerative colitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Regenerable nanozymes with high catalytic specificity and sustainability may serve as substitutes for naturally occurring enzymes, but their application is hindered by inadequate and nonselective catalytic activity. In this study, we constructed a photo-responsive molecularly imprinted layer on the Fe 3 O 4 nanozyme surface (P-MIPs) using an ATRP method and obtained high-specificity reversible colorimetric sensing of tetracycline (TC). Due to the photo-responsive properties of P-MIPs, the imprinted nanozyme undergoes reversible release and uptake of TC under alternating irradiation at 365/440 nm based on the photo-regulated conformational transformation of the 4-[(4-methacryloyloxy)phenylazo] benzenesulfonic acid (MAPASA) at the polymer receptor sites, which may be confirmed by calculating the electron densities of the trans-/cis -MAPASA forms. Simultaneously, these processes can be visualized through the change in the color of the substrates. Highly specific P-MIPs-based nanozyme also exhibit adequate stability and sustainable catalytic activity after multiple cycles. This method can be used to achieve nanozymes with high selectivity for the enrichment, separation, and detection of hazardous substances and contribute to material sustainability. [Display omitted] • Developing a high catalytic specificity and sustainable nanozyme sensing platform. • Achieving sustainable reversible colorimetric sensing for tetracycline. • Showing superior the photo-driven reversible extraction functions to hazardous substances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For identifying and quantifying prohibited substances, solid-phase microextraction (SPME) continues to arouse interest as a sample preparation method. However, the practical implementation of this method in routine laboratory testing is currently hindered by the limited number of coatings compatible with the ubiquitous high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) systems. Only octadecyl (C 18) and polydimethylsiloxane/divinylbenzene ligands are currently marketed for this purpose. To address this situation, the present study evaluated 12 HPLC-compatible coatings, including several chemistries not currently used in this application. The stationary phases of SPME devices in the geometry of thin film-coated blades were prepared by applying silica particles bonded with various functional ligands (C 18 , octyl, phenyl-hexyl, 3-cyanopropyl, benzenesulfonic acid, and selected combinations of these), as well as unbonded silica, to a metal support. Most of these chemistries have not been previously used as microextraction coatings. The 48 most commonly misused substances were selected to assess the extraction efficacy of each coating, and eight desorption solvent compositions were used to optimize the desorption conditions. All samples were analyzed using an HPLC system coupled with triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry. This evaluation enables selection of the best-performing coatings for quantifying prohibited substances and investigates the relationship between extraction efficacy and the physicochemical characteristics of the analytes. Ultimately, using the most suitable coatings is essential for trace-level analysis of chemically diverse prohibited substances. [Display omitted] • 12 HPLC-compatible TFME coatings were evaluated for extraction of small molecules. • 8 desorption solvent compositions were used to optimize the desorption conditions. • 48 prohibited substances (drugs of abuse and doping agents) were used as analytes. • A mixed coating comprising octyl/3-cyanopropyl (50/50) provided the best results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The reactions of tris(3-fluorophenyl)antimony and tris(4-fluorophenyl)antimony with benzenesulfonic and 2,4-dimethylbenzenesulfonic acids in the presence of tert-butyl hydroperoxide (molar ratio 1 : 2 : 1, respectively) in diethyl ether afford tris(fluorophenyl)antimony bis(arenesulfonates) (3‑FC6H4)3Sb(OSO2R)2 (R = Ph (I) and С6H3Me2-2,4 (II)) and (4-FC6H4)3Sb(OSO2Ph)2 (III). The Sb atoms have a distorted trigonal bipyramidal coordination, and the arenesulfonate ligands exist in the axial positions (CIF files CCDC nos. 2055557 (I), 2055820 (II), and 2060295 (III)). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Fluorescence sensing technique for trace detection of High Energy Materials (HEMs) has gained more attention in recent times. In the present paper, the interaction between the fluorophore and HEMs is studied using spectroscopic and electrochemical techniques. The fluorophore polyaniline (PANI) was functionalised by doping it with benzenesulfonic acid (BSA) to increase the processability, and mobility of π-electrons along with decreased π-stacking. It is observed that upon doping the solubility of BSA-PANI is increased, facilitating a higher quenching by commercial explosives, i.e., RDX, CL-20, CL-20:RDX cocrystal. The interaction studies undertaken though fluorescence quenching, FTIR and Resonance Raman studies shows that the benzenoid unit, polaron and bipolaron nitrogen in BSA-PANI interact with nitro groups of HEMs and form a charge-transfer complex between HEMs and BSA-PANI undergoing predominantly a PET mechanism. LOD value is found to be least for Cocrystal (1.876 × 10–5 M) when compared to other HEMs 3.191 × 10–5 M (CL-20), 5.904 × 10–5 M (RDX), 3.734 × 10–5 M (PETN) indicating that cocrystal can be detected in trace level. The collaborative study between cyclic voltammetry and the observed results of fluorescence quenching, revealed that the emeraldine salt form of (BSA-PANI) is sensitive to HEMs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphene as a prospective cocatalyst can obviously promote the photocatalytic H 2 -evolution performance of photocatalysts by rapidly transferring photogenerated electrons. For an efficient graphene-modified photocatalytic system for H 2 evolution, the fast H 2 -evolution reaction is as important as the rapid photoelectron transfer via graphene. In this paper, edge-sulfonated graphene (rGO-SO 3 H) with high H+-adsorbed activity was successfully synthesized by the formation of covalent bonds between graphene and benzenesulfonic acid through a diazotization reaction, which couples with TiO 2 nanoparticles to prepare rGO-SO 3 H/TiO 2 photocatalyst for accelerating H 2 -evolution reaction. The results showed that the rGO-SO 3 H/TiO 2 displayed the highest H 2 -production rate of 197.1 μmol h−1 g−1 as high as 5.38, 2.81, and 3.40 times of TiO 2 , rGO/TiO 2 , and SO 3 H/TiO 2 , respectively. The improved efficiency of rGO-SO 3 H/TiO 2 can be attributable to the synergetic action of graphene as a photoelectron cocatalyst and sulfonate ions as H+-adsorbed active sites. This study provides a new insight for the efficient hydrogen-evolution graphene-based photocatalysts. • Sulfonated graphene as cocatalyst was modified on TiO 2 for high H 2 -evolution rate. • Edge-sulfonated graphene-decorated TiO 2 photocatalyst was successfully prepared. • Sulfonate ions as H+-adsorbed sites can improve H 2 -evolution rate of graphene/TiO 2. • A mechanism on the synergistic effect of graphene and sulfonate ions was proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CO2‐neutral fuels are a way to cleaner and more sustainable mobility. Utilization of bio‐syngas via Fischer‐Tropsch (FT) synthesis represents an interesting route for the production of tailormade biofuels. Recent developments in FT catalyst research led to olefin‐enriched products, enabling the synthesis of alcohol‐enriched fuels by reductive hydroformylation of the C=C bond. Several alcohols have already proven to be suitable fuel additives with favorable combustion behavior. Here, a hydroformylation‐hydrogenation sequence of FT‐olefin‐paraffin mixtures was investigated as a potential route to alcohols. A liquid‐liquid biphasic system with a rhodium/3,3',3"‐phosphanetriyltris(benzenesulfonic acid) trisodium salt (TPPTS) catalyst system was chosen for effective catalyst recycling. After optimizing reaction conditions with a model substrate consisting of 1‐octene and n‐heptane the conversion of an actual olefin‐containing C5‐C10 FT product fraction to alcohols in continuously operated processes for 37 h was achieved with a total turnover number of 23679. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Suvorexant (SRX) is a dual orexin receptor antagonist used for the treatment of insomnia. It belongs to the Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) class II with high permeability and poor solubility in water (0.024 mg mL−1). It is a very challenging molecule from the crystallization perspective because most of the crystallization experiments predominantly yield either form I or a semi-solid form. Increasing S-enantiomer impurity is another problem that was observed during the recrystallization. Further to this, SRX is known to exist in only two crystalline polymorphs (forms I and II). As far as we know, there is no report on the crystal structure analysis or the solid-state modification approaches pertaining to the suvorexant molecule. All these critical aspects of suvorexant have drawn our attention towards the development of novel solid forms by using crystal engineering principles. Here, we report two novel salts and one salt solvate of suvorexant with p-toluenesulfonic acid (PTSA) and benzenesulfonic acid (BSA) with the objective of enhancing the solubility and dissolution. All three solid forms were characterized by powder XRD, DSC, FT-IR, and single crystal XRD. Notably, the BSA salt crystallizes as an anhydrous form and the PTSA salt of suvorexant crystallizes as a methanol solvate. Furthermore, the methanol solvate of the PTSA salt shows an efficient single-crystal-to-single-crystal phase transformation to the anhydrous form upon heating, yielding X-ray diffraction quality single crystals. In view of the pharmaceutical importance of these salts, we have performed pH solubility and intrinsic dissolution rate (IDR) studies in comparison to the marketed form. The novel salts of suvorexant exhibit enhanced solubility in comparison to the marketed form II. Therefore, the novel salts are expected to show better formulation development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reports that the optical properties of anthraquinone (AQ) and its photo-catalytic performance in the visible light-driven p -xylene (PX) oxidation can be fine-tuned and improved through varying its skeleton substituents at the molecular level, and the electron-withdrawing substituent exhibits a better improvement effect than the electron-donating one. The best catalyst 2-carboxyanthraquinone (AQ-COOH) can achieve 70.9% PX conversion and 88.2% p -toluic acid selectivity under visible light illumination and 1 atm O 2 pressure. The addition of benzenesulfonic acid in the above photocatalytic system can further increase PX conversion to 86.7%, along with a significant improvement in the selectivity of p -carboxybenzaldehyde and terephthalic acid, which likely originates from the unique recombination behavior of the photo-generated charge carriers of the catalyst and the additive driven by the strong interactions between their aromatic skeletons and acidic substituents. Furthermore, AQ-COOH can achieve almost quantitative yield of acetylacetone in ethylbenzene photooxidation and the regulating effect of toluene's para-position substituents on its reactivity is also reported in the AQ-COOH photocatalysis system. Based on quenching tests and EPR spectral characterizations, the oxygen vacancies (h+), superoxide free radicals (O 2 •-) and singlet oxygen (1O 2) as the photo-generated active species are involved in the proposed photo-catalysis mechanism. [Display omitted] • AQs-based photo-catalytic protocol is very efficient for PX oxidation to p -TA. • This protocol uses inexpensive visible light and O 2 /air as green reactants. • This protocol employs mild reaction conditions and its operating is very simple. • This protocol has a good adaptability for the photooxidation of other substituted toluene. • Photosensitive PhSO 3 H plays a unique adjusting effect in this photo-catalytic protocol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The origin of the meta regioselectivity in electrophilic aromatic substitution (EAS) reactions of deactivated benzene derivatives is herein analysed through Molecular Electron Density Theory (MEDT). To this end, the EAS reaction of benzenesulfonic acid with the nitronium NO2+ ion in H2SO4 solution has been studied at the ωB97X-D/6-311G(d,p) level. This reaction takes place through a two-step polar mechanism involving the formation of an unstable cation intermediate. The activation Gibbs free energies associated with the three competitive regioisomeric reaction paths are found in the narrow range of 15.5–18.3 kcal mol−1. By using the Eyring–Polanyi equation a relationship of 18.7 (ortho) : 81.0 (meta) : 0.3 (para) is obtained, in agreement with the experimental outcome. From this MEDT study it is possible to conclude that the presence of the SO3H group in benzenesulfonic acid only slightly polarises the aromatic electron density towards the substituted C1 position. However, while the SO3H group markedly deaccelerated the EAS reaction with respect to that of benzene, its presence has a low impact in the regioselectivity, which is the result of the slight polarization of the ring electron density towards the substituted C1 carbon and the weak repulsive steric interactions appearing along the ortho approach mode, and not due to the stability of resonance structures as was proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Core–shell structured photoresponsive molecularly imprinted polymers were developed for the determination of sulfamethazine in milk samples. The photoresponsive imprinted polymers were prepared with polymethyl methacrylate containing a mass of ester groups as core, sulfamethazine as template molecules, self‐synthesized water‐soluble 4‐[(4‐methacryloyloxy)phenylazo] benzenesulfonic acid as a photoresponsive monomer, and ethylene dimethacrylate as cross‐linker. Interestingly, the imprinted polymer can specifically adsorb sulfamethazine under dark and 440 nm irradiation, and release it at 365 nm. A series of adsorption experiments showed that the maximum adsorption capacity reached 12.5 mg⋅g–1, and the adsorption equilibrium was achieved within 80 min. Moreover, the imprinted polymers display excellent reusability, with almost no performance loss after four times photo‐controlled adsorption‐release cycles, and the imprinted polymers have excellent selectively for sulfamethazine (imprinting factor = 3.01). In the end, the imprinted polymers realized effective separation and enrichment of sulfamethazine in milk, with a recovery rate of over 97.5%. The material can be used as a solid‐phase extractant in the process of enrichment and separation for the quantitative detection of sulfamethazine in milk samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Describes a method to use redox-initiated graft-from polymerization to modify PVDF membranes. • Methacrylic acid as a co-monomer greatly improves polymerization rate. • Amine functionalities adsorb DBSA surfactant molecules through Psuedo-second order kinetic and Freudlich isotherms. • A 24 h polymerization achieved 98 % DBSA static adsorption from solution. • Regeneration occurs at > 50 % over 5 cycles using a low concentration NaOH solution. • Dynamic binding experiments showed 60% DBSA removal. The escalating global demand for clean water in the face of scarcity, driven by factors such as urbanization, industrialization, and climate disruptions, presents a critical challenge. The presence of dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid (DBSA) from detergents in water sources further compounds environmental concerns, necessitating effective remediation strategies. In this context, polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) membranes were modified via a redox-initiated radical polymerization to impart adsorption capabilities to the membranes. We hypothesized that if PVDF membranes were modified with monomers containing tertiary amine groups, then the PVDF membrane could effectively adsorb DBSA and be regenerable with a sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution. We modified membranes with 2-(Dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) [monomer] and methacrylic acid (MAAc) [comonomer]. The membranes were characterized using ATR-FTIR, SEM, contact angle goniometry, and BET. By introducing amine groups onto the PVDF surface, effective DBSA attachment was achieved, resulting in an increased DBSA removal rate from 8.9% for unmodified PVDF membranes to 98.9% for the best-performing modified PVDF membranes. The adsorption kinetics followed the pseudo-second-order model and the adsorption isotherms correlated well with the Freundlich model. Thermodynamic analysis revealed the adsorption process to be exothermic. Dynamic adsorption also showed a removal efficiency of 60–65% when using one single membrane coupon in the dead-end filtration cell. The regeneration experiments showed that the removal efficiency gradually decreasing from 97% during the first cycle to 51% by the fifth adsorption cycle. This research underscores the potential of surface modification techniques to impart new separation capabilities to membranes and to assist in the removal of harmful surfactants from contaminated water sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Magnetic iron nanoparticles (MNPs) encapsulated in a carbon shells and containing sulfo groups on the surface (Fe@C-SO3H) were synthesized. The aggregative stability of aqueous suspensions of the Fe@C-SO3H nanoparticles was studied in solutions of bovine serum albumin and calcium chloride and in phosphate-buffered saline, which simulate blood plasma. It is shown that the Fe@C-SO3H particles practically do not aggregate in the phosphate buffer saline for a long time (several days). On the contrary, MNPs encapsulated in a protein shells using ultrasonic treatment form aggregates up to 110–120 nm in size under these conditions. Suspensions of the Fe@C-SO3H particles are stable in aqueous solutions of calcium chloride in the range of the solid phase concentration between 0.05 and 0.10 g L−1. The results obtained indicate the possibility of using the functionalized Fe@C-SO3H nanoparticles in vitro experiments in biological media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a 30 L reactor, acetone (9.5 L) was placed, and B 2 b (1.90 kg, 6.27 mol), B 3 b (1.35 kg, 6.92 mol) and potassium carbonate (1.04 kg, 7.53 mol) were added with stirring. I Bepotastine besilate i ( B 1 b , Figure 1, synonymous with bepotastine besylate), is a non-sedative highly selective histamine receptor antagonist, which has a stabilizing effect on mast cells. According to the literature,[8] B 2 b , B 3 b and potassium carbonate were loaded into acetone at room temperature and then heated to reflux for 7 hours. If dimethylformamide (DMF) or an acetone-water system was used as solvent, the reaction could be complete, but the waste solvent was difficult to recover. [Extracted from the article]

Imidazole (Im) and benzenesulfonic acid (BSA) formed deep eutectic solvents (DESs) were used as acidic catalyst and solvent for the dehydration of fructose to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF). The DES formation involved an acid–base neutralization to produce equimolar salt from BSA and Im, and subsequent interaction between equimolar salt as hydrogen bond acceptor and excessive BSA as hydrogen bond donor. The BSA-rich DES [Im:1.5BSA] with a 1:1.5 molar ratio of Im:BSA and 10% dosage exhibited high catalytic activity for fructose dehydration with a 5-HMF yield of 90.1% at 100 °C after a very short reaction time (3 min). The bifunctionality of [Im:1.5BSA] for promoting reaction rates and catalytic activity of fructose dehydration has been identified by tuned acidity of DESs and hydrogen bond interaction among fructose, 5-HMF, and DESs demonstrated by conductor-like screening model for real solvents (COSMO-RS) theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein we report our investigation concerning the development of Human neutrophil elastase (hNE) inhibitors for the treatment of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS). Various benzenesulfonic acid derived compounds were synthesized and evaluated as competitive inhibitors of hNE. Biological screening revealed that compound 4f shows moderate inhibitory activity (IC50 = 35.2 μM) against hNE. Compound 4f was also superimposed onto the active center of hNE to understand the binding mode. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel intelligent photo‐controlled molecularly imprinted polymers were synthesized, based on the magnetic core‐shell structure, with 4‐[(4‐methacryloyloxy) phenylazo] benzenesulfonic acid as the functional monomer and ethylene glycol dimethyl acrylate as the cross‐linking agent. Subsequently, a series of light‐controlled enrichment‐release performance showed that it only took about 30 and 10 min to reach the equilibrium photosensitive characteristic peak, respectively. The photo‐controlled polymers could intelligently select target molecules, the maximum adsorption capacity for dibutyl phthalate was 3.88 mg/g. However, the adsorption capacity for its structural analogue dicyclohexyl phthalate was only 0.88 mg/g. The Freundlich and Langmuir isothermal equations were discussed for the specific enrichment process. Finally, the photo‐controlled molecularly imprinted polymers were successfully applied to the selective detection of dibutyl phthalate, with the recovery rate of 95.4–98.4%. It could be used for the analysis of trace dibutyl phthalate in actual samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Atropisomerism is a fundamental feature of substituted biaryls resulting from rotation around the biaryl axis. Different stereoisomers are formed due to restricted rotation about the single bond, a situation often found in substituted porphyrins. Previously NMR determination of porphyrin atropisomers proved difficult, if not almost impossible to accomplish, due to low resolution or unresolvable resonance signals that predominantly overlapped. Here, we shed some light on this fundamental issue found in porphyrinoid stereochemistry. Using benzenesulfonic acid (BSA) for host‐guest interactions and performing 1D, 2D NMR spectroscopic analyses, we were able to characterize all four rotamers of the nonplanar 5,10,15,20‐tetrakis(2‐aminophenyl)‐2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18‐octaethylporphyirin as restricted H‐bonding complexes. Additionally, X‐ray structural analysis was used to investigate aspects of the weak host–guest interactions. A detailed assignment of the chemical signals suggests charge‐assisted complexation as a key to unravel the atropisomeric enigma. From a method development perspective, symmetry operations unique to porphyrin atropisomers offer an essential handle to accurately identify the rotamers using NMR techniques only. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]