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Objectives: The lack of self-compassion and shame-proneness may both be associated with a wide range of mental disorders. The aim of this study was to compare the levels of compassionate self-responding and shame-proneness in samples of patients with borderline personality disorder, eating disorders, alcohol-addiction and in healthy controls.Methods: All three clinical groups and healthy controls were administered scales measuring self-compassion (SCS) and shame-proneness (TOSCA-3S). Differences in compassionate self-responding and shame-proneness were analyzed and effect sizes were calculated.Results: All three clinical groups were found to have significantly lower compassionate self-responding and significantly higher shame-proneness than healthy controls. The magnitudes of difference in compassionate self-responding and shame-proneness, between all clinical groups and healthy controls, were moderate to large.Conclusions: We hypothesize, that implicit belief in self as a permanent entity together with the lack of self-compassion leads to increased shame-proneness, which causes various psychopathological symptoms. We assume, that clients suffering from all these disorders may benefit from treatments or particular interventions that facilitate the development of self-compassion or shame management.

We present results of the first calculations using the variational ab initio molecular R-matrix with time approach. We have calculated two and four-photon ionization cross sections for H2 and studied the effects of electron correlation and choice of the Gaussian atomic basis sets. Our results are compared with earlier calculations.

Between 1960 and 1979, 41 patients with adenocarcinoma of the endometrium who were poor surgical risks were treated with radiation therapy at the University of Iowa. Local tumor control was achieved in 78% of the patients, 5% manifested complications, and 46% survived 5 years ("uncorrected" 5-year survival rate). Intercurrent disease was the major cause of death (54%), and intrauterine recurrence (22%) was the most frequent recurrence. Intraperitoneal spread (12%) occurred as commonly as hematogenous metastases (12%). Three of nine local failures occurred after 5 years. Local control rates correlated well with clinical stage, and the survival rates correlated well with the stage and grade of the tumor. Local tumor control was achieved in 95% of patients who received greater than 7,000 mg-h intracavitary radium, compared with 63% of patients treated with less than 7,000 mg-h.

In teaching clinical problem solving the probabilistic component should be emphasized. In the domain of empirical medical knowledge to be utilized in diagnostic strategies the prediction according to clinicians' subjective probabilities is used in medical decision making concerning patient problem definition and diagnosis. Two approaches in teaching differential diagnosing by decision models using short case studies are compared. The first is traditional one with the concept of one "true" diagnosis selected from proposed diagnoses group in a MCQ-test. The second approach reflects more the medical practice reality: the students have to predict quantified subjective probabilities of each diagnosis in a suggested diagnoses group considering all the diagnoses probable and not excluding each other. The advantages of the second procedure are evaluated.