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Therapies based on mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have become one of the most significant advancements in veterinary regenerative medicine. The isolation of MSCs is usually performed by enzymatic digestion and requires variable times for cell expansion. In addition, these procedures need to be performed in specialized laboratory facilities. An alternative approach to in vitro-expanded MSC therapy is the use of microfragmented adipose tissue (microfat), which is a rich source of cells and growth factors from the stromal vascular fraction. Recent clinical studies support its safety and efficacy in the treatment of musculoskeletal disorders and wound healing. The aim of the present work was to characterize the microfragmented adipose tissue obtained by a new mechanical device, which provides sterile tissue that is ready for use in the clinic by the veterinarian, avoiding the need for specialized laboratory facilities. Microfat-derived MSCs were compared with enzymatically isolated MSCs in terms of their phenotypic characterization, growth rate and differentiation potential. Conditioned medium derived from microfat culture was evaluated for its ability to promote MSC vitality. No differences were observed between MSCs obtained through mechanical fragmentation and those derived from collagenase digestion of adipose tissue, suggesting that the device could serve as a practical source of microfragmented adipose tissue for use in veterinary clinics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several studies have demonstrated that the endocrine disruptor bisphenol A (BPA) negatively affects animal and human health. An angiogenic process has been suggested among the events disrupted by this molecule, but the underlying mechanisms have not yet been clarified. The effect of BPA on angiogenesis was investigated by means of a bioassay previously validated in our laboratory. Using immortalized swine aortic endothelial cell line (AOC), the development of new blood vessels through a three-dimensional in vitro angiogenesis assay was evaluated. Subsequently, since vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and nitric oxide (NO) are key players in the regulation of the angiogenic process, the effect of BPA on the production of these molecules by AOC was examined. BPA (10 [micro]mol/L) stimulated AOC growth (p < 0.05) and VEGF production (p < 0.05), but did not modify NO levels. Our data suggest that the endocrine-disrupting effects of BPA could also be associated with the promotion of vascular growth, thus interfering with a physiologically finely tuned process resulting from a delicate balance of numerous molecular processes. The stimulatory effects of BPA on VEGF production may have negative implications, potentially switching the balance toward uncontrolled neovascularization. Moreover, since angiogenesis is involved in several pathologies, including cancer growth and progression, potential health risks of BPA exposure should be carefully monitored. Key words: AOC, angiogenesis, VEGF, NO. Plusieurs etudes montrent que le bisphenol A (BPA), un perturbateur endocrinien, a des effets deleteres sur la sante animale et humaine. Le processus d'angiogenese a ete cite parmi les evenements pouvant etre perturbes par cette molecule, mais les mecanismes sous-jacents demeurent a clarifier. Nous avons etudie l'effet du BPA sur l'angiogenese a l'aide d'une methode de dosage biologique deja validee dans notre laboratoire. A l'aide d'un modele tridimensionnel d'angiogenese in vitro, nous avons etudie le developpement de nouveaux vaisseaux sanguins dans une lignee de cellules endotheliales d'aorte (CAO) immortalisees chez le porc. Par la suite, puisque le facteur de croissance endothelial vasculaire (ou VEGF pour <>) et l'oxyde nitrique (NO) jouent des roles preponderants dans le processus de regulation de l'angiogenese, nous avons evalue l'effet du BPA sur la production de ces molecules par les CAO. Nous avons observe que le BPA (a 10 [micro]mol/L) entrainait la stimulation de la croissance des CAO (p < 0,05) et la production de VEGF (p < 0,05), mais sans modification des taux de NO. Nos donnees laissent entendre que les effets perturbateurs endocriniens du BPA pourraient aussi etre associes a la stimulation de la croissance vasculaire, et par le fait meme a la perturbation d'un processus physiologique fin a partir d'un equilibre delicat dans de nombreux processus moleculaires. En effet, les effets stimulants de la production de VEGF par le BPA pourraient avoir des consequences negatives, eventuellement en faisant pencher la balance vers une neovascularisation anarchique. De surcroit, puisque l'angiogenese joue un role dans plusieurs phenomenes pathologiques, dont l'evolution et la croissance du cancer, il convient de surveiller attentivement les risques pour la sante de l'exposition au BPA. [Traduit par la Redaction] Mots-cles : cellules endotheliales d'aorte, angiogenese, VEGF, NO., Introduction The heterogeneous family of endocrine disruptors includes the organic compound of industrial origin 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl) propane ([C.sub.15][H.sub.16][O.sub.2]; molecular weight 228.0 Da), known as bisphenol A (BPA). BPA can be polymerized [...]

1. Introduction Quercetin (3,30,40,5,7-pentahydroxyflavone) is a flavonoid belonging to a group of plant-derived nonsteroidal compounds known as phytoestrogens [1]. In plants, these compounds are involved in energy production and exhibit [...], Experimental evidence documents that nutritional phytoestrogens may interact with reproductive functions but the exact mechanism of action is still controversial. Since quercetin is one of the main flavonoids in livestock nutrition, we evaluated its possible effects on cultured swine granulosa cell proliferation, steroidogenesis, and redox status. Moreover, since angiogenesis is essential for follicle development, the effect of the flavonoid on Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor output by granulosa cells was also taken into account. Our data evidence that quercetin does not affect granulosa cell growth while it inhibits progesterone production and modifies estradiol 17 β production in a dose-related manner. Additionally, the flavonoid interferes with the angiogenic process by inhibiting VEGF production as well as by altering redox status. Since steroidogenesis and angiogenesis are strictly involved in follicular development, these findings appear particularly relevant, pointing out a possible negative influence of quercetin on ovarian physiology. Therefore, the possible reproductive impact of the flavonoid should be carefully considered in animal nutrition. Copyright [C] 2009 Sujen Eleonora Santini et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.