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Asterostroma roseoalbum sp. nov. was found in Yunnan Province, China, is described here as a new species based on its morphology and phylogeny. Asterostroma roseoalbum is characterised by its felted-membranous to pellicular, fimbriate basidiomata with a smooth hymenophore and a dimitic hyphal system bearing generative hyphae with simple-septate and echinulate, subglobose to globose basidiospores measuring as 8–9.5 × 7–9 µm. Phylogenetic analyses of the new species were based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and large subunit (nrLSU) of ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequences. The phylogenetic analysis indicated that the new species belongs to the genus Asterostroma, and is closely related to two species A. macrosporum and A. muscicola. A full description, illustrations and phylogenetic analysis results of the new species are provided. Furthermore, a key to the genus Asterostroma in China is provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The tropical African Laetiporus species are revised, based on morphological, ecological, distribution, and phylogenetic data. Laetiporus discolor, originally described from insular Mauritius, is accepted for the species spanning over the African eastern mountain ranges. Laetiporus oboensis and Laetiporus tenuiculus are described as new from the African equatorial insular São Tomé, based on phylogenetic, morphological, and distribution data. Laetiporus oboensis is characterized by compound basidiomes, with densely imbricated pilei in pale orange tint, a lobed margin, 3–4 pores/mm, and basidiospores averaging 4.8 × 3.7 μm. Laetiporus tenuiculus has mostly solitary, small, thin basidiomes, with pale flesh to pale orange pileus, an incised margin, 4–5 pores/mm, and basidiospores averaging 5.4 × 4.2 µm. A fourth species, known from two isolates from Ethiopian highlands, but for which voucher specimens were not available for description, is uncertain. These four species form an African endemic lineage, whose distribution is Afromountainous. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Cortinariaceae, which belongs to the Agaricales order, is a globally recognized family, known for its high species diversity. Methods: Eight internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and nuclear large ribosomal subunit (LSU) sequences were newly generated, and phylogenetic analyses were performed by combining ITS and LSU datasets. Four species were identified as forming four independent lineages with robust support in phylogenies based on both datasets. Results: These new species in the taxa, Cortinarius gansuensis, Cortinarius tricholomoidus, Cortinarius vinoso-griseum, and Phlegmacium subcalyptratum from Northwestern China are described and illustrated based on morphological and molecular evidence. Cortinarius gansuensis is characterized by a convex and brownish vinaceous pileus, generative hyphae with clamp connections, and ellipsoid basidiospores (8.5-10.6 µm × 5.4-6.8 µm); Cortinarius tricholomoidus is characterized by a broadly umbonate and snuff brown pileus, generative hyphae with clamp connections, and broadly ellipsoid to subglobose basidiospores (7.4-8.5 µm × 6.2-7.3 µm); Cortinarius vinoso-griseum is characterized by a violaceous gray pileus, generative hyphae with clamp connections, and smaller basidiospores (7.5-9.7 µm × 5.6-7.8 µm); and Phlegmacium subcalyptratum is characterized by a small and apricot-orange pileus, generative hyphae with clamp connections, and fusiform basidiospores (10.0-12.7 µm × 5.6-6.8 µm). Discussion: Full descriptions, illustrations, and results of phylogenetic analyses of the four species along with discussions on related species are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phylogenetic analysis of ITS and LSU sequence data and morphological characters support the recognition of Tricholyophyllum rubrum as a new species. The new species differs from the type species of the genus by its reddish brown pileus surface, the presence of pleurocystidia, and comparatively broader basidiospores. This is the first report of a Tricholyophyllum species from Pakistan and the second in the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study is based on the identification of the novel species Leucoagaricus persicus from Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The species is characterized by convex to broadly convex pileus with a dark reddish‐brown umbo and orangish‐red fibrils on white context. The basidiospores are ellipsoid to elongate, amygdaliform to ovoid (10.2–12.0 × 6.6–7.5 µm), and there are variably shaped cheilocystidia and pileipellis hyphae without clamp connections forming an intricate trichoderm. Morphological and molecular phylogenetic data based on ITS and LSU region of nrDNA separate L. persicus from all other known species in Leucoagaricus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Brown-rot fungi are an important group of wood-decaying fungi, but there has been limited research on the species diversity of brown-rot fungi in Xinjiang, China. During an investigation of brown-rot fungi in Xinjiang, from July 2018 to July 2023, five new species belonging to the family Postiaceae were discovered based on morphological and molecular evidence. Amaropostia altaiensis is characterized by a conchate pileus, circular pores (5–8 per mm), and growing on Populus. Amaropostia tianshanensis is characterized by a flabelliform-to-conchate pileus, angular pores (5–6 per mm), and growing on Picfea. Cyanosporus latisporus is characterized by a hirsute and dark greyish blue pileal surface with fresh, larger pores (3–6 per mm) and broad basidiospores (4.3–5.9 × 1.4–2 µm). Cyanosporus tianshanensis is characterized by a smooth and white-to-cream pileal surface with fresh, smaller pores (6–9 per mm). Osteina altaiensis is characterized by a light mouse-grey-to-honey-yellow pileal surface, smaller pores (4–6 per mm), and slightly wide basidiospores (5–6 × 1.7–2.2 µm). Each of these five new species form independent lineages in phylogenetic analyses based on the seven gene loci (ITS + nLSU + nSSU + mtSSU + TEF1 + RPB1 + RPB2). This research enriches the diversity of brown-rot fungi species, while also demonstrating the substantial discovery potential and research value of brown-rot fungi in Xinjiang. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pseudohydnum, commonly known as cat's tongue mushrooms, is a monophyletic assemblage within Auriculariales, which encompasses species with gelatinous basidiomata, spathulate, flabellate, or shell-shaped pileus, hydnoid hymenophore, globose to ellipsoidal basidiospores, and longitudinally cruciate-septate basidia. According to the available literature, 16 species have been described in Pseudohydnum, mostly represented in temperate-boreal forests of the Northern Hemisphere. However, the limited morphological, molecular, and ecological information, especially from the Southern Hemisphere ecosystems, does not presently allow a reliable assessment of its taxonomic boundaries nor provide a complete picture of the species diversity in the genus. In an ongoing effort to examine specimens collected in dense and mixed ombrophilous forest fragments (Atlantic Rainforest domain) from Southeastern and Southern Brazil, additional taxa assigned to Pseudohydnum were identified. Four new species are recognized based mostly on characters of the pileus surface, stipe, hymenium, and basidiospores. Molecular phylogenetic analyses based on nuc rDNA internal transcribed spacer region ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 (ITS barcode), partial nuc rDNA 28S, and partial RNA polymerase II largest subunit (RPB1) sequences supported the description of these new taxa. Here, we propose Pseudohydnum brasiliense, P. brunneovelutinum, P. cupulisnymphae, and P. viridimontanum as new species. Morphological descriptions, line drawings, habitat photos, and comparisons with closely related taxa are provided. A dichotomous key for identification of currently known Southern Hemisphere Pseudohydnum species is presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two new Psilocybe species (Hymenogastraceae), P. ingeli and P. maluti, are described from southern Africa. Morphology and phylogeny were used to separate the two novel fungi from their closest relatives in the genus. Psilocybe ingeli was found fruiting on bovine manure–enriched grasslands in the Kwa-Zulu Natal Province of South Africa and differs from its closest relative P. keralensis and others in the internal transcribed spacer ITS1-5.8S-ITS2, partial 28S nuc rDNA, and translation elongation factor 1-alpha regions, distribution, and having larger basidiospores. Similarly, P. maluti was collected from the Free State Province of South Africa and observed in the Kingdom of Lesotho, growing on bovine manure. A secotioid pileus, geographic distribution, and differences in the same DNA regions distinguish P. maluti from its closest relative P. chuxiongensis. Furthermore, the spore dispersal and traditional, spiritualistic use of P. maluti are discussed here. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Suillus (order Boletales) is a diverse genus of epigeous, mushroom-forming fungi native to temperate forests across the Northern Hemisphere; however, some species are also present in areas where Pinaceae has been introduced in the Southern Hemisphere. Unlike the closely related genus Rhizopogon, there are no described hypogeous, sequestrate species of Suillus. Here, we describe Suillus hypogaeus, the first known species of the genus with hypogeous, sequestrate sporocarps. Collections were made on Marys Peak in Benton County, Oregon, USA, at an elevation of 800 m in forests dominated by Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii. The peridium is white, quickly staining pink to purple-reddish where bruised or cut. The gleba is pale yellow when young, becoming purple with maturity, and the basidiospores are obovoid, light yellow in KOH, and amyloid in Melzer's reagent. Multilocus molecular phylogenetic analyses support the placement of S. hypogaeus among the Larix specialists in the spectabilis group of Suillus. Although Larix and Pseudotsuga are sister genera, Larix does not occur on Marys Peak or elsewhere in western Oregon. Suillus hypogaeus, therefore, represents both an independent origin of the hypogeous, sequestrate sporocarp within the Boletales and an independent host shift between Larix and Pseudotsuga within the genus Suillus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study, two new species of Pholiota (Strophariaceae) viz. Pholiota fasciculata and Pholiota himalayensis belonging to subgenus Flammuloides are described based on morphological characteristics and molecular phylogenetic analyses. The specimens were collected during the macrofungal expedition in different areas of Darjeeling Hills in the monsoon season 2019–2022. Pholiota fasciculata is characterized by its brightly coloured fruit bodies when young, prominent umbo at maturity, viscid when moist, ellipsoid to ovoid basidiospores with minute and inconspicuous germ pore, fusiform-lageniform pleurocystidia, some crystalline cap covering the apex and bundled cheilocystidia which cannot be separated easily. Pholiota himalayensis is characterized by having viscid fruit bodies, basidiospores with inconspicuous germ pore, pleurocystidia projecting prominently and similar in shape to cheilocystidia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new species of Russula subg. Brevipes, growing in Sal-dominated forests is described based on macro- and micromorphological and molecular evidence. It is distinguished macroscopically by small to medium-sized and ivory to white-coloured fruit bodies, globose to sub-globose basidiospores, and clavate or cylindrical hymenial cystidia with a mucronate to rounded apex. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study describes a new record of Coniolepiotaspongodes from India. Coniolepiotaspongodes is a monotypic taxon of the genus Coniolepiota and is characterized by a white to purplish white pileus; stipe with powdery coverings; free lamellae with smooth margins appearing cream to pale yellowish in colour; pungent odour; ellipsoid to oblong basidiospores measuring 4.0–6.0 × 2.5–4.1 µm; irregular cylindrical squamules cells on the pileus and stipe surface. A comprehensive morphological description, photographs, and molecular sequence-based phylogenetic analyses of the present collections are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Entoloma is a relatively large genus in Agaricales, with a rich diversity of species and a wide distribution. In this study, seven new species of Entoloma belonging to the subgenus Cubospora have been identified based on morphological and phylogenetic evidence from subtropical regions of China. Morphologically, E. excavatum is characterized by the yellow, depressed, estriate pileus and medium-sized basidiospores; E. lacticolor is recognized by the white and papillate pileus, adnexed lamellae, and presence of clamp connections; E. phlebophyllum is identified by the pink-to-maroon and estriate pileus, and lamellae with lateral veins; E. rufomarginatum differs from other cuboid-spored species by the lamellae edge which is red-brown-underlined; E. subcycneum is characterized by the white pileus and carneogriseum-type cheilocystidia; E. submurrayi is recognized by the pileus margin exceeding the lamellae, 2-layered pileipellis with hyphae of different widths, and the presence of clamp connections; E. tomentosum is identified by the tomentose pileus, heterogeneous lamella edge, and versiform cheilocystidia with brown-yellow contents. Their distinct taxonomic status is confirmed by the positions of the seven new species in both the ITS + LSU and 3-locus (LSU, tef-1α, rpb2) phylogenetic trees. Detailed descriptions, color photos, and a key to related species are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mushroom Jin Er has attracted widespread attention in Asia over the past two decades due to its medicinal properties and nutritional values. In the present study, Jin Er basidiocarps were often found to be surrounded by Stereum hirsutum fruiting bodies in their natural habitat and occasionally in artificial cultivation. The observation of two different kinds of mycelia within the hymenium and analyses of ITS sequences confirmed that Jin Er basidiocarps were composed of two fungal species, Naematelia aurantialba and S. hirsutum. This heterogeneity of Jin Er fruiting bodies is indeed distinct from the homogeneous hypha of Tremella fuciformis found in Yin Er mushroom, although its development also requires the presence of another fungus Annulohypoxylon stygium. Basidiospores can germinate on the surface of basidiocarps and produce mycelia. However, basidiospores in PDA medium can only bud into yeast-like conidia. The yeast-like conidia of N. aurantialba can transform into pseudohyphae with a change in temperature from 20 °C to 28 °C or switch into filamentous cells on an induction medium (IDM) at 20 °C, 25 °C and 28 °C. This dimorphic was reported for the first time in N. aurantialba. Haustorium-like structures were abundantly observed both within the hymenium and in the aerial mycelia cultured on the IDM. The developmental process was documented firstly in this study, involving the formation of protuberances with basal clamp connections, elongation at the protuberances, branch production, and eventual maturation. However, further observation is required to determine whether the haustorium-like structures can penetrate S. hirsutum hyphae. These findings are expected to provide valuable insights into the relationship and interaction between these two fungi, thereby advancing the cultivation of fruiting bodies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, white jelly mushrooms that were collected in Tottori Prefecture, Japan, were identified as Tremella yokohamensis by phylogenetic analysis of the rDNA-ITS region. Fluorescent microscopic analysis using 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole staining to visualize the nuclei in each cell revealed that basidiospores isolated from the fruiting body were monokaryotic. Furthermore, monokaryotic yeasts were germinated from these basidiospores and the resulting crossed mycelium was dikaryotic and bore clamp cells, suggesting a heterothallic lifecycle for this species. Crossing between compatible yeast strains, such as TUFC 101924 and TUFC 101925, that were isolated from the same fruiting body, successfully induced development of the filamentous stage bearing clamp connections after 7 d of incubation on Kagome vegetable juice agar medium. Mating compatibility tests employing 15 basidiospore isolates revealed that this fungus possess a bipolar mating system. The results indicated that T. yokohamensis is a heterothallic and bipolar mushroom. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Russula rubrosquamosa (Russulaceae, Russlales) is described as a novel species from Yunnan Province, southwestern China. It is morphologically recognised by a small basidiocarp with orange-yellow to orange-red scales on the pileus and stipe, white lamellae, orange-red to bright red basal mycelia, subglobose to broadly ellipsoid basidiospores with dense warts and short or long ridges. Phylogenetically analyses of DNA sequences from part of the 28S gene combined with the nuclear rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region also confirm that R. rubrosquamosa forms an independent lineage within Russula subgenus Heterophyllidia section Ingratae. A comprehensive description, color photographs of fresh basidiomata, line-drawings of microstructures and comparisons with morphologically similar species are provided in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Descolea indoquercina sp. nov. from India is described and illustrated based on morphological and phylogenetic inference. It is characterized by medium to large basidiomata, dark olivaceous brown to dark brown, convex to plano-convex pileus with warts on surface; amygdaliform to limoniform, coarsely verrucose basidiospores, presence of pleuromacrocystidia and hymeniform type of pileipellis. In addition, D. flavoannulata (Lj. N. Vassiljeva) E. Horak is reported and described first time from India in the present communication. Both taxa are presented with detailed descriptions, field and microscopic photographs, illustrations, SEM images of basidiospores, nrITS based molecular phylogeny and comparisons with similar species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phlebopus portentosus (Berk. & Broome) Boedijn was firstly constructed from the collection of Indonesia in 1951. To date, the subsequent collection of this ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi has not been done in Indonesia. In addition, the utilization information of this edible mushroom as food is not popular for the country. The goal of our work was to update the current collection, provide the morphological and molecular data, and promote the utilization of this edible mushroom in Indonesia. Fresh fruiting bodies were evaluated for morphological and molecular evidence. The basidiomata were analysis on the basis of the morphological and molecular evidence. The phylogenetic tree was constructed following the rDNA-ITS 1/2 sequence. P. portentosus was verified by morphological and phylogenetic studies combined. The indigenous people in the research site use this wild edible mushroom for self-consumption and sell it to local market. Phlebopus portentosus BO24626 was solitary to connate, boletoid basidioma, yellowish to greenish brown pileus and stipe, yellowish hymenophore, clavate stipe, club shaped basidia, oval to subglobose basidiospores, cystidia present. The absence of sponge-like tissues and the occurrence of sterigmata distinguished our specimens from the similar morphological species P. spongious. The lack of reddish stipe distinguished our specimen from P. roseus. In addition, the presence of hymenial cystidia delimits our specimens from P. colossus. The inferred phylogenetic tree nested our specimen in the group of P. portentosus (sister to P. spongiosus). The ITS sequence of our specimen is now deposited at GenBank and can be applied to upcoming research of P. portentosus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Basal Stem Rot (BSR), caused by Ganoderma spp., is one of the most important emerging diseases of oil palm in Colombia and is so far restricted to only two producing areas in the country. However, despite the controls established to prevent its spread to new areas, containment has not been possible. This study aimed to understand BSR's propagation mechanisms and related environmental conditions by measuring Ganoderma basidiospores' concentrations at various heights using four 7-day Burkard volumetric samplers in a heavily affected plantation. Meteorological data, including solar radiation, temperature, humidity, precipitation, and wind speed, were also recorded. Analysis revealed higher basidiospore concentrations below 4 m, peaking at 02:00 h, with increased levels towards the study's end. Spore concentrations were not directly influenced by temperature, humidity, or precipitation, but showed higher releases during drier periods. A significant correlation was found between wind speed and spore concentration, particularly below 1.5 m/s, though higher speeds might aid long-distance pathogen spread. This study highlights the complexity of BSR propagation and the need for continued monitoring and research to manage its impact on Colombia's oil palm industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Classifying fungus based on morphological traits is an effective strategy to distinguish between puffballs, earthballs, earthstars, and other gasteroid fungi, as well as for identifying sub-groups of closely related taxon. However, to delimitate taxa it should be addressed with caution, since cryptic species have been described recently in different genera of gasteroid fungi. Astraeus is a star-shaped fungus that has piqued the interest of mycologists worldwide, including India. These endearing fungi have tremendous nutritional and therapeutic benefits, but their molecular and phylogenetic placement in India is uncertain. An integrative taxonomic approach was used to identify and resolve ambiguities within the genus. This study, the first to elucidate the distribution, taxonomy, and phylogeny of the genus Astraeus in the mixed subtropical Pinus-Shorea forest and tropical dry deciduous Shorea dominated forest in India, aims to shed light on these indispensable ectomycorrhizal fungi. The phylogenetic analysis assigned all thirteen ITS DNA barcoding Indian sequences of Astraeus to the Southeast Asian clade, reinforcing the genus Southeast Asian origin. Detailed species descriptions, line diagrams, SEM images of basidiospores, ITS nrDNA based phylogeny, and a dichotomous key are provided. Mycoobservations of the taxon from Pinus-Shorea subtropical and Shorea-dominated forests were additionally reviewed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two new Cortinarius species in subgenus Leprocybe, Cortinarius hengduanensis and C. yadingensis, are proposed based on a combination of morphological and molecular evidence. Cortinarius hengduanensis has distinct olive tinged basidiomata, a squamulose pileus, and small, subglobose to broadly ellipsoid basidiospores, the ITS sequence differs from that of C. flavifolium by at least 28 substitutions and independent positions. Cortinarius yadingensis has a squamulose pileus and subglobose to broadly ellipsoid coarsely verrucose basidiospores, the ITS sequence has at least 11 substitutions and index position deviations from the other members of the Leprocybe section. Both new species were found in mixed forests of southwest China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Forest ecosystems play an important role in upholding life on our planet. However, the onslaught of fungal pathogens like Ganoderma lucidum, poses a threat by decimating numerous tree species. G. lucidum identified as a root pathogen, causing root rot in numerous tree species of horticulture and forestry importance. The fungus initiates infection through basidiospores, which germinate and penetrate within roots and start to degrade lignocellulosic components of plant cells. Early‐stage detection of G. lucidum, is challenging, while in advance stages, the wood undergoes softening and a loss of tensile strength, rendering the disease incurable. Hence, effective management of G. lucidum necessitates a pivotal role of disease diagnostic techniques, which are currently underutilized or inadequately accessible. Subsequent implementation of suitable control measures becomes imperative to thwart disease occurrence and mitigate its impact in early stages, thus preserving the vitality of forest ecosystems. This study provides comprehensive overview of G. lucidum, covering taxonomy, pathogenicity, disease cycle, diagnosis and effective control measures, which will be helpful in formulating effective diagnostic techniques for early management of root rot disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mycoviruses are usually transmitted horizontally via hyphal anastomosis and vertically through sporulation in natural settings. Oyster mushroom spherical virus (OMSV) is a mycovirus that infects Pleurotus ostreatus, with horizontal transmission via hyphal anastomosis. However, whether OMSV can be vertically transmitted is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the transmission characteristics of OMSV to progeny via basidiospores and horizontally to a new host. A total of 37 single-basidiospore offspring were obtained from OMSV-infected P. ostreatus and Pleurotus pulmonarius for Western blot detection of OMSV. The OMSV-carrying rate among monokaryotic isolates was 19% in P. ostreatus and 44% in P. pulmonarius. Then, OMSV-free and OMSV-infected monokaryotic isolates were selected for hybridization with harvested dikaryotic progeny strains. Western blot analyses of the offspring revealed that the OMSV transmission efficiency was 50% in P. ostreatus and 75% in P. pulmonarius, indicating vertical transmission via sexual basidiospores. Furthermore, we observed the horizontal transfer of OMSV from P. pulmonarius to Pleurotus floridanus. OMSV infection in P. floridanus resulted in significant inhibition of mycelial growth and yield loss. This study was novel in reporting the vertical transmission of OMSV through basidiospores, and its infection and pathogenicity in a new host P. floridanus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Four new fungi from Xizang in southwest China, Calocera ramaria, Ceraceomyces rhizomorphus, Leptosporomyces linzhiensis, and Ramaria xizangensis are described and illustrated based on the morphological and molecular evidence. Calocera ramaria is characterized by the ramal and bright orange basidiomata, a monomitic hyphal system with simple septa generative hyphae, usually 4-septate basidiospores; Ceraceomyces rhizomorphus is characterized by the cream to yellowish basidiomata with rhizomorphs, cylindrical basidiospores; Leptosporomyces linzhiensis is characterized by white with pink basidiomata, cylindrical to oblong ellipsoid basidiospores; Ramaria xizangensis is characterized by flesh pink basidiomata, branched dichotomously in 4–5 ranks, a monomitic hyphal system with clamped generative hyphae, ellipsoid to cylindrical and densely warted basidiospores. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two new species of Polyporales, Cerrena caulinicystidiata and Polyporus minutissimus, are illustrated and described on the basis of morphological studies and phylogenetic analyses from southern China and Vietnam. C. caulinicystidiata is characterized by annual, resupinate, sometimes effused-reflexed basidiocarps, greyish orange to brownish orange pore surface, irregular pores (3–8 per mm), a trimitic hyphal system, pyriform to ventricose cystidia, and subglobose basidiospores 3.2–4.5 × 2.8–3.5 µm in size. P. minutissimus is characterized by annual, solitary, fan-shaped with a depressed center or infundibuliform basidiocarps, obvious black stipe, cream to buff yellow pileal surface with glabrous, occasionally zonate and radially aligned stripes, angular pores (6–9 per mm), a dimitic hyphal system, and cylindrical basidiospores, 5–9.2 × 2.2–4 μm. Detailed descriptions and illustrations of the two new species are provided. The differences between the two new species and their morphologically similar and phylogenetically related species are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The genus Laccaria (Hydnangiaceae, Agaricales) is an important ectomycorrhizal symbiont of a broad range of host plants. Laccaria guizhouensis was collected from a subtropical mixed forest dominated by Fagaceae in Southwest China and described based on morphological characteristics and molecular data. Laccaria guizhouensis is characterised by its medium-sized basidiocarps and strong striate or sulcatus, flesh-coloured to brown pileus, flesh-coloured to brown lamellae, 2- to 4-spored basidia, globose to obellipsoid, hyaline, moderately echinulate basidiospores, and 1–1.5 μm-long echinulate. Phylogenetic analyses based on ITS sequences (HMAS352265 and HMAS352266) indicated that L. guizhouensis represented a new species separated from all other Laccaria species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agaricus is a species-rich genus with more than 600 species around the world. In this work, three new species, Agaricus cacainus, A. baiyunensis, and A. praeclarefibrillosus are described from the specimens collected at Baiyun Mountain, Guangzhou, China, a subtropical area with a monsoon maritime climate, based on phylogenetic analyses and morphological examinations of internal transcribed spacer (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 = ITS), D1/D2 domains of the large subunit of ribosomal DNA (28S), and a part of translation elongation factor 1-alpha (TEF1). Agaricus cacainus in A. sect. Amoeni is characterized by a parabolic to applanate, slightly depressed pileus covered with chocolate brown, appressed, triangular squamules against white background, a white, furfuraceous stipe, an unchanging context when cut, a fragile and evanescent annulus, usually 4- or 2-spored basidia, and mostly pyriform cheilocystidia. Agaricus baiyunensis in A. sect. Minores has a pileus with a slightly truncate top covered with light brown, downy-wooly fibrillose scales and a light yellowish stipe with membranous annulus. Agaricus praeclarefibrillosus in A. sect. Brunneopicti is characterized by a pileus surface with brownish, triangular, recurved scales and longitudinally splitting lines toward margin, a cottony stipe with white, tiny, recurved fibrils, a single annulus, and variously shaped cheilocystidia, with sparsely ornamented basidiospores. The detailed comparison of their morphological characteristics with closely related species is provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new species of Coltricia, C. raigadensis is described from tropical region of Maharashtra, India. The species is recognized on the basis of morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analyses using rDNA ITS1-5.8S-ITS2, partial 28S rDNA and partial 18S rDNA sequences. Coltricia raigadensis is characterized by centrally stipitate basidiocarps, adpressed velutinate to tomentose pileal surface, small pores (2–4 per mm), globose to subglobose, thick walled basidiospores measuring 5.6–7 × 5–6.64 μm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2017, two candidate species of Mycena were reported from Japan, with the Japanese names “Togari-sakura-take” and “Mitsuhida-sakura-take”. However, to date, no taxonomic study or formal description has been undertaken for these two species. In the present study, we conducted comprehensive morphological and molecular phylogenetic examinations of “Togari-sakura-take” and “Mitsuhida-sakura-take”, and compared them to known species within the genus Mycena. We performed phylogenetic analyses on a concatenated dataset, including the internal transcribed spacer region of ribosomal RNA, RNA polymerase II largest subunit, and translation elongation factor-1 alpha genes. “Togari-sakura-take” formed a clade with Mycena subulata, which was recently described from China, whereas “Mitsuhida-sakura-take” formed a distinct independent clade. We identified the former as M. subulata based on molecular phylogenetic analyses and morphological observations. However, the Japanese specimens displayed dextrinoid cheilocystidia and caulocystidia as well as the inamyloidity of basidiospores, which differed from the original description of M. subulata based on the materials from China. “Mitsuhida-sakura-take” was characterized by its remarkably dense lamellae and could be distinguished from known Mycena species by the combination of absent pleurocystidia and presence of bowling pin-shaped cheilocystidia. Here, we describe “Mitsuhida-sakura-take” as a new species, named Mycena densilamellata, in the section Calodontes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two new species from China, Hymenogaster pseudoniveus and H. zunhuaensis, are described and illustrated based on morphological and molecular evidence. Hymenogaster pseudoniveus is distinguished from other species of the genus based on the color of peridium, which is snow white to white when unexcavated but then turns yellowish to earth yellow, and the basidiospores, which are ornamented with nearly longitudinally arranged ridges up to 2 μm high. H. zunhuaensis is diagnosed by its dirty white to pale yellow peridium, yellow brown to brown gleba, and the smaller (Lm × Wm = 11.7 μm × 9.8 μm) broadly ellipsoidal to subglobose basidiospores (Q = 1.1–1.3). ITS/LSU-based phylogenetic analysis supports the erection of the two new species, each placed in distinct clades with strong statistical support, suggesting that they represent two distinct species novel to science. Based on the morphological and molecular evidence, we have published two new species of Hymenogaster. A key for Hymenogaster species from China is provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The first occurrence of Marasmiellomycena and Pulverulina in the Chinese mycobiota are reported, M. tomentosa and P. flavoalba, two new species and M. albodescendens, a new combination, revealed by phylogenetic analyses and morphological study. These newly-recorded genera, Marasmiellomycena, which can be distinguished by their agaricoid basidiomata, dark-coloured stipe, sarcodimitic tramal structure, stipitipellis with yellow to yellowish-brown pigments and yellow-pigmented thick-walled caulocystidia and Pulverulina, which differs from other genera of Porotheleaceae by its pruinose stipe, decurrent lamellae, inamyloid basidiospores and absence of hymenial cystidia. We also formally describe three other new species of Porotheleaceae collected from Chinese temperate to subtropical zones of Fujian and Zhejiang Provinces: Clitocybula fuscostriata, Gerronema brunneosquamulosum and Leucoinocybe subglobispora. Furthermore, we include the results of a phylogenetic analysis of Porotheleaceae, based on a multi-locus (ITS , nrLSU and rpb2) dataset. According to this analysis, Chrysomycena, Clitocybula, Delicatula, Hydropodia, Hydropus, Leucoinocybe, Marasmiellomycena, Megacollybia, Pulverulina, Trogia and Vizzinia are monophyletic. However, Gerronema is identified as polyphyletic and, additionally, Porotheleum does not form a monophyletic group either because Porotheleum parvulum and Porotheleum albidum are "unassigned" in phylogenetic analysis. The results of our phylogenetic analyses, coupled with morphological observations, confirm recognition of these new taxa. Morphological descriptions, photographs, line drawings and comparisons with closely-related taxa are presented for the new species. A key to the 22 species belonging to nine genera of Porotheleaceae in China is also provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Four new wood-inhabiting fungi, Trechispora albofarinosa, T. bisterigmata, T. pileata and T. wenshanensis spp. nov., are proposed based on a combination of morphological features and molecular evidence. Trechispora albofarinosa is characterized by the farinose basidiomata with flocculence hymenial surface, a monomitic hyphal system with clamped generative hyphae, and ellipsoid, warted basidiospores. Trechispora bisterigmata is characterized by the membranous basidiomata with odontioid hymenial surface, rhizomorphic sterile margin, barrelled basidia and subglobose to broad ellipsoid, smooth basidiospores. Trechispora pileata is characterized by the laterally contracted base, solitary or imbricate basidiomata, fan shaped pileus, radially striate-covered surface with appressed scales, odontioid hymenophore surface, and subglobose to broad ellipsoid, thin-walled, smooth basidiospores. Trechispora wenshanensis is characterized by a cottony basidiomata with a smooth hymenial surface, and ellipsoid, thin-walled, warted basidiospores. Sequences of ITS and LSU marker of the studied samples were generated, and phylogenetic analyses were performed with the maximum likelihood, maximum parsimony, and Bayesian inference methods. The phylogenetic tree inferred from the ITS+nLSU sequences highlighted that four new species were grouped into the genus Trechispora. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phylogenetic and morphological analyses on Perenniporia s.l. were carried out. Phylogenies on Perenniporia s.l. are reconstructed with two loci DNA sequences including the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions and the large subunit (nLSU). Two new species from Yunnan Province, southwest China, Perenniporia prunicola and P. rosicola in Perenniporia s.l., are illustrated and described. Perenniporia prunicola is characterised by the perennial and resupinate basidiomata with a clay pink pore surface when fresh, a trimitic hyphal system, the presence of clavate to fusiform hymenial cystidia, ellipsoid to broadly ellipsoid basidiospores measuring 4.8–6.2 × 3.6–4.5 µm. Perenniporia rosicola is characterised by annual and resupinate basidiomata with a white pore surface when fresh, a dimitic hyphal system, the presence of dendrohyphidia, broadly ellipsoid to subglobose basidiospores measuring 5–5.8 × 4–5.2 μm. In addition, Crassisporus is a genus in Perenniporia s.l., in which two new combinations Crassisporus minutus and C. mollissimus are proposed. Main morphological characteristics of species related to new taxa are also provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The genus Favolaschia within the family Mycenaceae is characterised by the gelatinous basidiomata with poroid hymenophore and most species inhabit monocotyledonous plants. In this study, many samples covering a wide geographic range in China were examined morphologically and phylogenetically using concatenated ITS1-5.8S-ITS2-nLSU sequence data. Three new species clustering in Favolaschia sect. Anechinus, namely Favolaschia imbricata, F. miscanthi and F. sinarundinariae, are described. Favolaschia imbricata is characterised by imbricate basidiomata with pale grey to greyish colour when fresh and broadly ellipsoid basidiospores measuring 7–9 × 5–6.8 µm; F. miscanthi is characterised by satin white basidiomata when fresh, broadly ellipsoid basidiospores measuring 7.5–10 × 5.5–7 µm and inhabit rotten Miscanthus; F. sinarundinariae is characterised by greyish-white basidiomata when fresh, dark grey near the base upon drying, broadly ellipsoid to subglobose basidiospores measuring 7–9 × 5–7 µm and inhabit dead Sinarundinaria. The differences amongst the new species and their morphologically similar and phylogenetically related species are discussed. In addition, an updated key to 19 species of Favolaschia found in China is provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, five new species from China, Hymenogaster latisporus, H. minisporus, H. papilliformis, H. perisporius, and H. variabilis, are described and illustrated based on morphological and molecular evidence. Hymenogaster latisporus was distinguished from other species of the genus by the subglobose, broad ellipsoidal, ovoid basidiospores (average = 13.7 μm × 11.6 μm) with sparse verrucose and ridge-like ornamentation (1–1.2 μm high); H. minisporus by the ellipsoidal to broadly ellipsoidal and small basidiospores (average = 11.7 μm × 9.5 μm); H. papilliformis was characterized by the whitish to cream-colored basidiomes, and broadly fusiform to citriform basidiospores with a pronounced apex (2–3 μm, occasionally up to 4 μm high), papillary, distinct warts and ridges, and pronounced appendix (2–3 μm long); H. perisporius by the dirty white to pale yellow basidiomes, broad ellipsoidal to ellipsoidal, and yellow-brown to dark-brown basidiospores with warts and gelatinous perisporium; H. variabilis by the peridium with significant changes in thickness (167–351 μm), and broad ellipsoidal to subglobose basidiospores ornamented with sparse warts and ridges. An ITS/LSU-based phylogenetic analysis supported the erection of the five new species. A key for Hymenogaster species from northern China is provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The bryophilic heterobasidiomycete fungus Eocronartium muscicola (Pers.) Fitzp., belonging to the family Eocronartiaceae, is reported as a new record for Turkish mycobiota based on the identification of the sample collected from İstanbul province. This is the first finding of a species belonging to the Eocronartiaceae family in Türkiye. A brief description of the identified collection is provided together with the photographs, related to its macromorphology and basidiospores. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two new species under the names of Lepiota brunneopileata and L. pakistanensis are described herein based on four collections during mushroom surveys in 2021–2022 from scrubland in district Gujrat, Pakistan. Morpho-anatomy and phylogenetic placement, based on Internal Transcribed Spacer (nrITS) and Larger Subunit (nrLSU), clustered them into Lepiota sect. Lepiota and Stenosporae. Lepiota brunneopileata is characterized by brown to dark brown disk, squamules on light brown pileus surface as well as on stipe, spurred, truncate basidiospores (3.9–7.0 × 2.7–4.1 μm), narrowly clavate to cylindrical and utriform cheilocystidia, with light brown to brown trichodermal pileus covering elements. Lepiota pakistanensis possesses small basidiomata with ochraceous disk, ochraceous to light brown cottony squamules on creamy white pileus surface, fusiform to slightly amygdaliform basidiospores (10.3–11.7 × 4.7–5.8 μm), clavate to broadly clavate cheilocystidia, trichodermal pileus covering with long cylindrical to fusiform terminal elements and spherocystous to clavate basal elements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The genus Pleurotus is known as a commercially important mushroom and one of the most well-known cultivated mushrooms worldwide. Of many species of Pleurotus, the phoenix mushroom (P. pulmonarius) is cultivated in many countries, including Indonesia. In Indonesia, the farmers and larger companies usually use commercial strains of phoenix mushroom which they purchased from other countries. To date, there was no prior information regarding wild occurrences of P. pulmonarius in Indonesia. During our regular mushroom hunting in Sukabumi, West Java, Indonesia, some edible wild fruiting bodies of light brown Pleurotus were collected. The current study aimed to determine the taxonomical position of our specimens based on morphological and molecular evidence. The combination of morphological and molecular analysis confirmed our specimens as P. pulnonarius. Morphologically, our specimens were distinguished by the small to medium sized fruiting bodies, pileus light brown, pinkish brown, to pale brown, flabelliform in the beginning to expanding broadly ovoid in maturity, lamellae shortly to deeply decurrent, stipe fleshy, eccentric to lateral, concolorous with lamellae, Basidiospores cylindrical to ellipsoid, basidia clavate to club shaped, basidioles are abundant, oleiferous hyphae common. The BLAST result revealed that our specimens posed a high similarity to P. pulnonarius from several countries as the top hits. The ITS phylogenetic tree placed Pleurotus FIPIA-DEP51 in the same clade of P. pulnonarius with 100% BS value. This study reports for the first time the wild occurences of P. pulmonarius in Indonesia. Future study should be done to characterize the cultures of reported mushroom which can potentially be the local strain for cultivation of P. pulmonarius industry in Indonesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this present study, five new wood-inhabiting fungal taxa, Botryobasidium gossypirubiginosum, Botryobasidium incanum, Botryobasidium yunnanense, Coltricia zixishanensis, and Coltriciella yunnanensis are proposed. Botryobasidium gossypirubiginosum is distinguished by its slightly rubiginous hymenial surface, monomitic hyphal system, which branches at right angles, and subglobose, smooth basidiospores (14–17.5 × 13–15.5 µm); B. incanum is characterized by its white to incanus basidiomata having a hypochnoid hymenial surface, and ellipsoid, smooth basidiospores (6.5–8.5 × 3.5–5 µm); B. yunnanense is characterized by its buff to slightly yellowish hymenial surface, monomitic hyphal system, and broadly ellipsoid to globose, smooth, thick-walled basidiospores (11.5–14.5 × 9.5–10.5 µm); Coltricia zixishanensis differs in its rust brown pileal surface, and ellipsoid, thick-walled basidiospores (5–6.5 × 4–4.5 µm). Coltriciella yunnanensis is distinguished by its tiny pilei, short stipe, and navicular, verrucose basidiospores (10.5–12.5 × 6–7 µm). Sequences of ITS and nLSU genes were used for phylogenetic analyses using the maximum likelihood, maximum parsimony, and Bayesian inference methods. The phylogenetic results inferred from ITS sequences revealed that B. gossypirubiginosum was closely related to B. robustius; the species B. incanum was grouped with B. vagum; B. yunnanense was related to B. indicum. The species C. zixishanensis was grouped with C. confluens and C. perennis. ITS sequences revealed that C. zixishanensis was grouped into the genus Coltriciella, in which it was grouped with Co. globosa and Co. pseudodependens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Four new wood-inhabiting fungi were found in Southwestern China within the genera Phanerochaete, Phlebiopsis, Asterostroma, and Vararia of the families Phanerochaetaceae and Peniophoraceae, belonging to the orders Polyporales and Russulales individually. Combined with their morphological characteristics and molecular biological evidence, the present study describes them as new fungal taxa. Asterostroma yunnanense is characterized by the resupinate, membranaceous to pellicular basidiomata with a cream to salmon-buff hymenial surface, hyphal system dimitic bearing simple-septa, thin- to thick-walled, yellowish brown asterosetae with acute tips, and thin-walled, echinulate, amyloid, globose basidiospores. Phanerochaete tongbiguanensis is characterized by the resupinate basidiomata with a white to cream hymenial surface, a monomitic hyphal system with simple-septa generative hyphae, the presence of subclavate cystidia covered with a lot of crystals, and oblong ellipsoid basidiospores (6–9 × 3–4.5 µm). Phlebiopsis fissurata is characterized by the membranaceous, tuberculate basidiomata with a buff to slightly brown hymenial surface, a monomitic hyphal system with simple-septa, conical cystidia, and broadly ellipsoid. Vararia yingjiangensis is characterized by a corky basidiomata with a pinkish buff to cinnamon-buff hymenial surface, cracking, yellowish dichohyphae with slightly curved tips, subulate gloeocystidia, and thick-walled, ellipsoid basidiospores (6.5–11.5 × 5–7 µm). The phylogenetic analyses of ITS + nLSU revealed that the two new species were nested into the genera Phanerochaete and Phlebiopsis within the family Phanerochaetaceae (Polyporales), in which Phanerochaete tongbiguanensis was sister to P. daliensis; Phlebiopsis fissurata was grouped with P. lamprocystidiata. Two new species were clustered into the genera Asterostroma and Vararia within the family Peniophoraceae (Russulales), in which Asterostroma yunnanense was sister to A. cervicolor; Vararia yingjiangensis formed a single branch. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We evaluated the inclusion of a cryptic species in a Japanese Amanita caesareoides population. We sampled A. caesareoides specimens under various vegetation and climate conditions, and then conducted phylogenetic analyses on sequences from seven loci. The A. caesareoides specimens showed two distinct groups, except when the ITS phylogeny was considered. These two phylogroups showed different distributions: subalpine-cool temperate and temperate-subtropical areas. Although these two phylogroups overlapped in terms of basidiospore size, the latter tended to exhibit smaller basidiospores. In addition, only the former showed mycelial growth on nutrient agar. Based on these phylo-morpho-ecophysiological characteristics, we separated the specimens labeled with the name A. caesareoides into two species. As the lectotype of A. caesareoides showed similarity to the former by DNA analysis, the latter was described as a new species, namely A. satotamagotake. Based on the geographic patterns of the two species, A. satotamagotake may have invaded the natural habit of A. caesareoides because of global warming. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new genus, Rostrupomyces is established to accommodate Xerocomus sisongkhramensis based on multiple protein-coding genes (atp6, cox3, tef1, and rpb2) analyses of a wide taxon sampling of Boletaceae. In our phylogeny, the new genus was sister to Rubinosporus in subfamily Xerocomoideae, phylogenetically distant from Xerocomus, which was highly supported as sister to Phylloporus in the same subfamily Xerocomoideae. Rostrupomyces is different from other genera in Boletaceae by the following combination of characters: rugulose to subrugulose pileus surface, white pores when young becoming pale yellow in age, subscabrous stipe surface scattered with granulose squamules, white basal mycelium, unchanging color in any parts, yellowish brown spore print, and broadly ellipsoid to ellipsoid, smooth basidiospores. In addition, Hemileccinum inferius, also from subfamily Xerocomoideae, is newly described. Detailed descriptions and illustrations of the new genus and new species are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phylogenetic analyses and morphological examination confirmed two new species in the tropical polypore genus Tropicoporus, T. oceanianus and T. zuzaneae, from Australia and tropical Asia, respectively. A phylogenetic analysis based on the two DNA markers including the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and the large subunit (nLSU) gene shows that these two new species form two independent lineages nested in the genus Tropicoporus. T. oceanianus is characterized by perennial and ungulate basidiomata, the occasional presence of hymenial setae, a trimitic hyphal structure in the context and a dimitic hyphal system in the trama, and broadly ellipsoid to subglobose basidiospores measuring 5.2–6 × 4–5 μm. T. zuzaneae is characterized by perennial and resupinate basidiomata with distinct receding margin, glancing pores, very thin to almost lacking subiculum, a dimitic hyphal structure, the absence of any setal elements, broadly ellipsoid to subglobose basidiospores measuring 3.8–4.9 × 3–4.2 µm. The differences among the new species and their phylogenetically related and morphologically similar species are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Forests are a natural source of airborne bolete spores. The timing of sporulation and its intensity as well as the dispersal of airborne spores and in consequence their concentrations depend in particular on the type of land use determining the availability of matter on which they develop and on meteorological factors. The aim of this study was to perform a spatial and temporal analysis of the occurrence of Boletus-type spores in the warm temperate climate of the Northern Hemisphere. An assumption was made that the spore concentrations depend on the type of land cover and weather conditions. The volumetric method was applied to investigate differences in spore concentrations and using spore traps installed at different heights and at locations with different land cover types. Boletus-type spores occurred in the air at high concentrations in late summer and in the autumn. The season start dates and maximum concentrations did not differ significantly between sites and seasons, but the season intensity varied. Higher spore concentrations were usually found in the region with a larger proportion of green areas, including forests. An analysis of the diurnal cycles showed that within 24 h spore concentration reached high levels twice, which was especially noticeable in ground level monitoring. Air temperature and air humidity were the main weather factors affecting the occurrence of airborne spores. This research indicates that when studying the effects of different factors on the concentration of airborne basidiospores, many environmental elements should be analyzed, including the characteristics of habitats in which basidiomycetes grow. Climate, weather, geobotany, and land use type should be taken into account in analysis and interpretation of aeromycological phenomena.

Species of Grifola are famous edible mushrooms and are deeply loved by consumers around the world. Most species of this genus have been described and recorded in Oceania, Europe and South America, with only Grifola frondosa being recorded in Asia. In this study, two novel species of Grifola from southwestern China (Asia) are introduced. Macro and micromorphological characters are described. Grifola edulis sp. nov. present medium-size basidiomata with gray to gray-brown lobes upper surface, mostly tibiiform or narrowly clavate, rarely narrowly lageniform or ellipsoid chlamydospores, cuticle hyphae terminal segments slightly enlarged. Grifola sinensis sp. nov. has white to grayish white lobes upper surface, mostly ellipsoid, rarely narrowly utriform chlamydospores, and broadly ellipsoid to ellipsoid basidiospores (4.6-7.9 × 3.0-5.9 µm). The two new species are supported by phylogenetic analyses of combined nuclear rDNA internal transcribed spacer ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 rDNA (ITS) and ß-tubulin (TUBB). Moreover, the genetic distance between TUBB sequences of those specimen from GenBank was 1.76-1.9%. Thus, the conspecificity relationship of our specimens remains uncertain, and further specimens are required to conclusively confirm its identity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Inonotus linteus complex, predominantly reported from East Asia, Mesoamerica and Caribbean countries, was circumscribed into Tropicoporus as one of the new genera, based on morphological and phylogenetic data. The present paper describes four new species of Tropicoporus from India. Morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analyses, based on ITS and nLSU data, delimited the new species, which are named T. cleistanthicola, T. indicus, T. pseudoindicus and T. tamilnaduensis. The pairwise homoplasy index (PHI) test was done to confirm the distinctive nature of the new species. The traits of Indian species remain distinct from one another, except for the pileate basidiome with the mono-dimitic hyphal system, cystidioles and broadly ellipsoid basidiospores. Descriptions, illustrations, PHI test results and a phylogenetic tree to show the position of the new species are provided. In addition, an identification key to Tropicoporus in Asia and an African species is given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new edible wild mushroom species, described herein as Panus sribuabanensis, was collected from local markets and natural forests located in northern Thailand. This species is characterized by its medium to large-sized basidiomata, broadly ellipsoid to ellipsoid-shaped basidiospores, dimitic hyphal system, and the absence of hyphal pegs. A molecular phylogenetic analysis of combined the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and large subunit (nrLSU) of nuclear ribosomal DNA sequences supported the monophyly of P. sribuabanensis as a distinct lineage within the genus Panus. Full description, illustrations, color photographs, and a phylogenetic tree to show the placement of P. sribuabanensis are provided. The dried mushroom showed a nutritional composition within the range of 2.58%–2.67% for fat content, 27.10%–27.98% for protein, and 43.97%–44.10% for carbohydrates. The ethanolic extracts from this mushroom exhibited a total phenolic content ranging from 0.66 to 0.74 mg GAE/g dry weight (dw). Moreover, the antioxidant activities of ethanolic extracts evaluated by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (0.90–1.08 mg TE/g dw) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (0.93–1.08 mg TE/g dw) assays demonstrate higher activity compared to the 2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) assay (0.44–0.51 mg TE/g dw). The outcomes of this study provide significant information on the nutritional value, phenolic content, and antioxidant activity potential of this new mushroom species discovered in northern Thailand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The diversity of mycoflora is crucial for determining the overall health of an ecosystem, yet it has received less attention compared to floristic diversity. An integrated taxonomical approach was used to understand the diversity and systematics of the gasteroid fungus Geastrum in the tropical mixed forest of Butea and Tectona in India's Lower Chota Nagpur Plateau. Geastrum triplex, identified as a collared earthstar fungus, exhibits distinctive characteristics, including onion-shaped to obpyriform young basidiomes, a round umbo at the apex, a pseudoparenchymatous layer around the base of the sessile endoperidium, and a delimited fibrillose peristome. The present study provides a comprehensive morphological description coupled with illustrations, SEM image of basidiospores, distribution and ITS based phylogenetic analysis of Geastrum triplex and moreover, contributes to the distributional records in the Lower Chota Nagpur Plateau regions of India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three new species of Cortinarius section Delibuti, namely C. fibrillososalor, C. pseudosalor, and C. subtropicus are described as new to science based on morphological and phylogenetic evidences. Cortinarius pseudosalor is extremely morphologically similar to C. salor, but it differs from the latter by smaller coarsely verrucose basidiospores. Cortinarius fibrillososalor can be easily differentiated by its fibrillose pileus. The pileus of C. subtropicus becomes brown without lilac tint at maturity comparing with other members of section Delibuti. A combined dataset of ITS and LSU sequences was used for phylogenetic analysis. The phylogenetic reconstruction of section Delibuti revealed that these three new species clustered and formed independent lineages with full support respectively. A key to the three new species and related species of section Delibuti is provided in this work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]