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Copyright of Revue Française de Géotechnique is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Water Conservancy Science & Techonlogy & Economy is the property of Water Conservancy Science & Technology & Economy Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In Quebec, the fluvial dynamics of the Escoumins River have been disturbed by the forestry industry for over a century. Most specifically, a dam was built near the mouth of the river in 1846 and dismantled in 2013. These disturbances had significant repercussions on the equilibrium of the river and Atlantic salmon habitat. This study therefore proposes to characterize the fluvial dynamics of the Escoumins River and to analyze the impacts of the dam dismantling from the perspective of restoring hydrogeomorphological processes and improving Atlantic salmon habitat. The results suggest that the trajectory of the river evolved differently depending on the fluvial style and the grain size composition of each of its homogeneous segments. However, log drive activities in river and dam removal appear to have been the most important controlling factors on the evolution of the stream trajectory. The dismantling notably allowed the restoration of hydrogeomorphological processes and the free movement of salmonids. A better procedure for dam removal and monitoring should be put in place in Canada to encourage this practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Issues in Ethnology Anthropology is the property of Issues in Ethnology Anthropology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The present study investigated the performance of three different stilling basins, i.e., modified United State Bureau of Reclamation (USBR) Type III, USBR Type II, and wedge-shaped baffle blocks (WSBB), using FLOW-3D scour models. Field data of the riverbed profile are employed to validate the present models. After comparison, the results of statistical indices, i.e., coefficient of determination (R2) and Nash–Sutcliffe model efficiency coefficient (NSE), indicated that the Renormalization Group (RNG-K-ϵ) showed good agreement with the field data, with R2 and NSE values of 0.9094 and 0.896, respectively. Validated models are used to simulate velocity field and local bed shear stress (BSS) and scour for design and flood discharges of 28.30 m3/s/m and 17.5 m3/s/m, respectively. At 28.30 m3/s/m, the results indicated that the riverbed downstream of the remodeled basin was completely exposed, while, at 17.5 m3/s/m, the net change in bed reached 85%. At 28.30 m3/s/m, the net change at the centerline of models reached 51% and 67% in USBR Type III and WSBB basins, respectively. At 17.5 m3/s/m, compared to Type II and III basins, the WSBB basin indicated less BSS, which significantly reduced the scour. Conclusively, the Type II basin showed less energy dissipation for the studied flows, while the WSBB basin improved flow fields downstream of the barrage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The stilling basin of the Taunsa barrage is a modified form of the United States Bureau of Reclamation (USBR) Type-III basin, which consists of baffle and friction blocks. Studies revealed uprooting of baffle blocks due to their vertical face. Additionally, the literature highlighted issues of rectangular face baffle blocks: less drag, smaller wake area, and flow reattachment. In contrast, the use of wedge-shaped baffle blocks (WSBBs) is limited downstream of open-channel flows. Therefore, this study developed numerical models to investigate the effects of USBR and WSBB basins on the hydraulic jump (HJ) downstream of the Taunsa barrage under lower tailwater conditions. Surface profiles in WSBB and modified USBR basins showed agreement with previous studies, for which the coefficient of determination (R2) reached 0.980 and 0.970, respectively. The HJ efficiencies reached 57.9 and 58.6% in WSBB and modified USBR basins, respectively. The results of sequent depths, roller length, and velocity profiles in the WSBB basin were found more promising than the modified USBR basin, which further confirmed the suitability of the WSBB basin for barrages. Furthermore, WSBB improved flow behaviors in the basin, which showed no fluid reattachment on the sides of WSBB, increased wake regions, and decreased turbulent kinetic energies. HIGHLIGHTS Investigation of hydraulic jumps in the WSBB basin at lower tailwater using FLOW-3D was studied.; Also, comparison of hydraulic jumps and energy dissipating index between WSBB and modified USBR baffle block basins was studied.; Performance assessment of different hydraulic parameters was carried out by employing regression analysis.;

Controlling marine pollution caused by hydrocarbons spilling from oil tanker accidents and oil rigs is urgently needed. Conventional pollution control vessels currently in service worldwide do not meet certain safety criteria, storage capacities, and response times owing to their technical shortcomings. This study proposes a new concept of multimission and autonomous antipollution vessels capable of acting quickly and efficiently to counter such pollution threats. The objective of this study is to carry out a total and rapid recovery of the spilled oil slick in complete safety. Hence, optimizing the bulbous bow adapted to the pollution control vessel during its displacement is necessary to horizontally straighten the accompanying waves formed around the hull and to laminate the flow upstream of the side openings for the recovery of spilled oil. This optimization improves the nautical qualities specific to this ship to reduce the total resistance to progress and to standardize the flow upstream of the side openings to allow the collection of spilled oil at high speed. This optimization study can open a field of application for the construction of modern multi-mission pollution control vessels. Tests in hull basins will be planned to validate and adjust the results obtained from the simulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The hydraulic performance of stilling basins is affected by their size and geometry, which can be predicted by local scour. In 2008, based on a rigid bed study, the stilling basin of Taunsa barrage was remodeled, in which the old friction and baffle blocks were replaced with chute blocks and end sills. However, the study did not consider the effects of the remodeled basin on the erodible bed and only investigated hydraulic jumps. Therefore, this study developed FLOW-3D scour models for a designed flow of 24.28 m3/s/m to investigate the flow field and local scouring downstream of old and remodeled basins. The results showed that as compared to Large Eddy Simulation (LES) and Standard K-ε models, the Renormalization Group (RNG-K-ε) model predicted the scour profiles with better accuracy, for which the coefficient of determination (R2) reached 0.736, 0.823, and 0.747 for bays 33, 34, and 55, respectively. Downstream of the remodeled basin, the net change in sediment bed was 88%, 91%, and 95% in the LES, Standard, and RNG-K-ε models, respectively. However, downstream of the old basin, the net change in sediment bed reached 51%. Conclusively, based on the results, the study suggests investigating scour downstream of Taunsa Barrage using other discharges and sediment transport rate equations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The hydraulic performance of stilling basins is affected by their size and geometry. Taunsa Barrage, Pakistan, was constructed in 1958 and remodelled in 2008. In remodelling, baffle and friction blocks were replaced by chute blocks and dentated sill. After remodelling, sounding, and probing data during 2010–2014 revealed that flexible apron in front of some bays was washed away. This study quantified hydraulic parameters such as free surface, flow depth, Froude number, roller length, velocity, hydraulic jump efficiency, and turbulent kinetic energy for stilling basins before and after remodelling using FLOW-3D. Comparing results with the literature showed that results in the old stilling basin were closer to the literature results. The results of old stilling basin showed linear trends of tailwater depths with Froude number and roller lengths. Results of the new stilling basin deviated from the literature results because relatively weak trends of tailwater depths with the Froude number and roller lengths were revealed; velocities were higher on the basin's floor; energy dissipation was less, and there was more turbulent kinetic energy on downstream. In conclusion, hydraulic studies for other discharges, tailwater levels, and turbulence models have to be conducted to analyze hydraulic issues in the new stilling basin. HIGHLIGHTS Investigated the flow behaviour in different stilling basins using FLOW-3D.; Assessment of energy dissipation in the stilling basins using numerical models.; Investigated the hydraulic jump and its effective parameters in the stilling basins.;

Many old barrages along the Nile river face different problems, such as increased discharge or/and differences in head, scour, and material aging. Therefore, the irrigation networks need to be enhanced by upgrading the main controlling water structure, especially on the Nile river. As a result of examining the structural integrity of the main Nile river barrages, the decision was made to replace many of the Nile river's defected barrages, with the exception of Zefta barrage, which was rehabilitated. The decision to rehabilitate Zefta barrage was chosen according to the structural status, affected area, and expected life after repair. Moreover, the decision was taken after comparing the cost of replacement and rehabilitation of the barrage. Heavy massive shear deformation stiffened structures are rarely tested by implementing such techniques contrary to elastic structures such as bridges. This study aims mainly to evaluate the structural status of Zefta barrage before and after recent rehabilitation using dynamic tests. This paper presents the collected structural data and test results of the Zefta barrage. The results indicate that the recent rehabilitation of the Zefta barrage significantly influences structural behaviour and barrage safety.

Many old barrages along the Nile River face different problems, such as increased discharge or/and differences in head, scour, and material aging. Therefore, the irrigation networks need to be enhanced by upgrading the main controlling water structure, especially on the Nile River. As a result of examining the structural integrity of the main Nile River barrages, the decision was made to replace many of the Nile river's defected barrages, with the exception of Zefta barrage, which was rehabilitated. The decision to rehabilitate Zefta barrage was chosen according to the structural status, affected area, and expected life after repair. Moreover, the decision was taken after comparing the cost of replacement and rehabilitation of the barrage. Heavy massive shear deformation stiffened structures are rarely tested by implementing such techniques contrary to elastic structures such as bridges. This study aims mainly to evaluate the structural status of Zefta barrage before and after recent rehabilitation using dynamic tests. This paper presents the collected structural data and test results of the Zefta barrage. The results indicate that the recent rehabilitation of the Zefta barrage significantly influences structural behaviour and barrage safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cahiers d'Études Africaines is the property of Editions EHESS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Mesopotamian Journal of Marine Science is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of LHB: Hydroscience Journal is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The present study investigated the performance of three different stilling basins, i.e., modified United State Bureau of Reclamation (USBR) Type III, USBR Type II, and wedge-shaped baffle blocks (WSBB), using FLOW-3D scour models. Field data of the riverbed profile are employed to validate the present models. After comparison, the results of statistical indices, i.e., coefficient of determination (R2) and Nash–Sutcliffe model efficiency coefficient (NSE), indicated that the Renormalization Group (RNG-K-ϵ) showed good agreement with the field data, with R2 and NSE values of 0.9094 and 0.896, respectively. Validated models are used to simulate velocity field and local bed shear stress (BSS) and scour for design and flood discharges of 28.30 m3/s/m and 17.5 m3/s/m, respectively. At 28.30 m3/s/m, the results indicated that the riverbed downstream of the remodeled basin was completely exposed, while, at 17.5 m3/s/m, the net change in bed reached 85%. At 28.30 m3/s/m, the net change at the centerline of models reached 51% and 67% in USBR Type III and WSBB basins, respectively. At 17.5 m3/s/m, compared to Type II and III basins, the WSBB basin indicated less BSS, which significantly reduced the scour. Conclusively, the Type II basin showed less energy dissipation for the studied flows, while the WSBB basin improved flow fields downstream of the barrage.

Les petits barrages sont importants pour le monde rural au Burkina Faso. À Lapara, dans la commune de Boromo, leur exploitation a permis l’émergence d’une véritable filière de la banane douce qui touche la Boucle du Mouhoun, la région des hauts bassins et la région du Centre du Burkina Faso. Cependant, ces dernières années, le système de culture dans les bananiers de jadis a été recomposé et de nouveaux systèmes de culture à base de banane émergent. L’objectif principal de cette étude est d’analyser les déterminants de la recomposition des systèmes de culture dans les bananiers autour du barrage de Petit Balé, du village de Lapara. Pour ce faire, une méthodologie a été mise en place. Elle a consisté en une revue de la littérature relative à la thématique de recherche, un échantillonnage de la population cible à investiguer, des enquêtes de terrain auprès de cent (100) producteurs, et des observations pour se faire une idée de la réalité du terrain. Les résultats de l’étude montrent que huit (08) systèmes de culture à base de bananiers ont été identifiés en raison de l’introduction de la culture maraîchère. Cette recomposition est principalement le résultat de facteurs sociodémographiques, économiques, géographiques et la survenue de la pandémie Covid-19 dans la zone et dans le reste du Burkina Faso.

The outbreak of the COVID‐19 pandemic results in the turning from offline teaching to online teaching. Students enjoy short videos and like barrage during the pandemic. We found that the introduction of barrage into online teaching is of great help to improve the students' attention and enthusiasm. In order to verify the correctness of this conjecture, we launched a questionnaire survey. According to the preliminary conclusions, we found that student's think that such adaption is not only interesting, but also can promote the interaction, and therefore improve the learning effect. It should conform to the trend of teaching development in the new era. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alsop's first business partner of two decades, John Lyall describes their formative years as students at the Architectural Association in London, the influence of various members of Archigram, and sharing a house in Southeast London's not‐so‐salubrious Ladywell district. He recounts a world of music gigs, designing events and parties, and the offices they worked for as young architects before forming their fledgling practice in the 1970s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Structural engineer Neil Thomas describes some of the memorable encounters and collaborations with Alsop, particularly the Cardiff Bay Visitor Centre that Alsop maintained was inspired by his disposable cigarette lighter. A creative relationship maintained over a timeline that spanned nearly 30 years, Thomas conveys their way of working together that was fuelled by a deep desire to dare to dream met with breathtaking and credible design solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pakistan managed extensive canal irrigation systems and has 19 Ramsar sites. Almost 27,977 fish species are present globally; there are 786 marine and 171 freshwater fishes in Pakistan. Fish diversity and distribution are closely related to various factors i.e. depth of water, availability of food, topography, breeding sites, and physicochemical features. Therefore, it is necessary to study the diversity of ichthyofauna in various regions and elevations. So, this study was planned to examine the fish diversity of Chashma Barrage to include more data related to fish diversity and distribution. Data were collected both by direct (physical count) and indirect methods (meeting with local people of Chashma Barrage) to find out fish diversity of Chashma Reservoir, Mianwali, from April 2016 to March 2017. In the current study, 1089 fish specimens of 21 species were documented from Chashma Barrage monthly. The Shannon-wiener Index (H') was recorded as 2.17, Simpson Index (S) was 0.16, Richness (R) was 20.67 and Evenness (E) was 0.712. It is concluded that study area has high diversity of fishes. Chashma Barrage is an important wetland for fishes, it should be declared as Ramsar site. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La surveillance des barrages fournit des séries de mesures chronologiques issues de différents dispositifs équipant l’ouvrage. Ces mesures doivent être analysées afin de déterminer le comportement du barrage par rapport aux facteurs (pression hydrostatique, température, vieillissement…etc.) influant sur sa stabilité. Le travail présenté dans cet article, porte sur l’analyse d’un ensemble de mesures pendulaires (280 mesures environ), étalées sur une période de 16 ans (du 1er Septembre 2003 au 30 Septembre 2019), du barrage Béni-Haroun (Wilaya de Mila-Algérie) en utilisant le modèle HST ((Hydrostatique, Saisonnier, Temporel). L’application du modèle HST sur ces mesures a permis de quantifier les déplacements relatifs aux effets (hydrostatique, saisonnier et temps) d’une part et de séparer les effets réversibles (effets hydrostatique et saisonnier) de l’effet irréversible (temps) par le calcul des déplacements corrigés d’autre part. Les déplacements dus à l’effet hydrostatique sont plus importants (jusqu’à 14 mm) que ceux dus aux autres effets (ne dépassant pas les 5mm). Afin d’émettre un jugement sur le comportement du barrage, des indicateurs d’interprétation ont été calculés pour chaque effet. Les valeurs obtenues sont négligeables (de l’ordre du millième), ce qui signifie qu’aucun des trois effets ne présente un risque pour la stabilité de l’ouvrage (les indicateurs inférieurs à l’unité).

Vegetative incompatibility (VI) is a widespread phenomenon developed in Morchella importuna , a species of ascomycete fungus that is cultivated on a rapidly expanding scale in China. Understanding the genetic bases of this nonself-recognition phenomenon is beneficial for resolving some problems that are associated with the production of this highly prized edible fungus, such as crossbreeding, strain classification, and pathogen transmission. VI is genetically controlled by het genes, organized in two different systems, namely allelic and nonallelic. These het genes have been well characterized in Podospora anserina and Neurospora crassa. In this work, putative het -homologs were identified in the genome of M. importuna , but their low allelic polymorphism in different vegetative compatibility groups (VCGs) suggested that VI in this fungus might not be regulated by these het genes. The progeny derived from vegetative compatible parents became a VCG, while the single-ascospore strains from vegetative incompatible parents were divided into four VCGs, and the interaction between the inter-group strains led to the formation of two types of barrages, viz., thin dark line and raised aggregate of hyphae. The Bulk Segregant Analysis confirmed that the genes mimpvic32 and mimpvic33 were linked to VI reactions in M. importuna ; nevertheless, the formation of barrages also occurred between the pairs carrying the same allele of these two genes. In sum, the VI control system in M. importuna was complicated, and there were more other allelic or non-allelic VI-related genes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study presents how human-altered hydrographical settings (flow restrictions) impacts the natural distribution and community structure of copepods in the Kochi Backwaters (KBW), the largest monsoonal estuary along the southwest coast of India. This study is primarily based on an extensive seasonal sampling in the KBW and their comparison with a historical data set. Thannermukkom Barrage (TB) was built in the southern section of the KBW in the 1970s to prevent saline water intrusion to the upstream during the non-monsoon periods. Thirteen locations (1–4 in the downstream, 5–9 in the midstream, and 10–13 in the upstream) were sampled in this study over the entire stretch of the KBW during the Pre-Southwest Monsoon (PRM), Southwest Monsoon (SWM), and Post-Southwest Monsoon (PSWM). The overall effect of TB in the KBW is a seaward push of mesohaline conditions during all seasons with varying intensities. In response to the seaward push of mesohaline conditions, copepods Acartiella keralensis, Acartia plumosa, Acartia sp., Pseudodiaptomus annandalei, Pseudodiaptomus serricaudatus, Euterpina acutifrons and Oithona brevicornis showed a corresponding spatial shift for their highest abundance and diversity from midstream during PRM to the downstream during the SWM/PSWM. Multivariate and IndVal analysis demarcated many indicator species of copepods of different hydrographical settings in the KBW. A comparison with the historical data set showed that there is an apparent long-term change in hydrography, copepod composition and community structure in the upstream of the KBW due to TB.

In recent years, watching online videos has gradually become an indispensable part of netizens’ daily lives. Almost all video sites have added the barrage function. Both barrage and comments are two important ways for users to participate and play an important role in online video viewing. Based on the barrage and comments of videos uploaded by users of the bilibili website, our research explores the impact of barrage and comments with different emotional tendencies on video popularity and their differences, and explores the moderating effect of comments on the impact of the barrage. We also propose a method for calculating the emotional intensity of barrage that considers the herd effect and the emotional attenuation. The study finds that barrage has a positive impact on video popularity, while the emotional intensity of positive comments has a negative impact on video popularity, and comments play a negative role in the impact of the barrage. It explains that barrage and comments have their advantages and disadvantages. Our research has expanded the research in related fields such as user-generated content and video popularity, and the research conclusions have important management significance for video websites. In future research, we can further refine the emotional classification and consider the impact of video characteristics (video content and subtitles) on video popularity.

The work deals with the method and programs to calculate the liquid filtration via the dam, with allowing for the events of their possible damage. On the base of the boundary elements approach the method to calculate the flow of a liquid via the dam in the presence of a watertight fitting member was conducted. Using the numeric test, the free boundary position at the liquid filtration via the dam with the defected upper and lower basins was received and provisional analysis with the outcomes, received in the event of the defect of the upper dam basin only, was conducted. The primary free surface position has been determined arbitrarily. The boundary elements disposition drawing for the soil unit at the stream with the free area via the barrage with the defected upper (at the top) and lower barrage basins has been developed with allowing for reaching the optimal computing time. The boundary elements disposition drawing for the soil unit at the stream with the free area via the barrage with the defected upper (in the middle) and lower dam basins has been developed for the same considerations. The application was created in Delphi 7 visual programming environment. The main calculated outcomes were compared for the potential at the stream with the free area via the barrage with the defected only upper basin made earlier and for the barrage with the defected upper and lower basins. The outcomes show that in the event with the upper dam basin defect there is more wetting of the soil than in the event with the defect of both dam basins. It can be explained by the fact that the liquid stream at the defect lower dam basin will be faster and wetting of the soil will be less. The results of submitted paper can be useful in engineering practice for designing the soil dams.

Vegetative incompatibility (VI) is a widespread phenomenon developed in Morchella importuna, a species of ascomycete fungus that is cultivated on a rapidly expanding scale in China. Understanding the genetic bases of this nonself-recognition phenomenon is beneficial for resolving some problems that are associated with the production of this highly prized edible fungus, such as crossbreeding, strain classification, and pathogen transmission. VI is genetically controlled by het genes, organized in two different systems, namely allelic and nonallelic. These het genes have been well characterized in Podospora anserina and Neurospora crassa. In this work, putative het-homologs were identified in the genome of M. importuna, but their low allelic polymorphism in different vegetative compatibility groups (VCGs) suggested that VI in this fungus might not be regulated by these het genes. The progeny derived from vegetative compatible parents became a VCG, while the single-ascospore strains from vegetative incompatible parents were divided into four VCGs, and the interaction between the inter-group strains led to the formation of two types of barrages, viz., thin dark line and raised aggregate of hyphae. The Bulk Segregant Analysis confirmed that the genes mimpvic32 and mimpvic33 were linked to VI reactions in M. importuna; nevertheless, the formation of barrages also occurred between the pairs carrying the same allele of these two genes. In sum, the VI control system in M. importuna was complicated, and there were more other allelic or non-allelic VI-related genes.

This article evaluates the impact of upstream water withdrawal on downstream land use and livelihood changes in the Teesta River basin, using a combination of geospatial and social data. Results show that water bodies gradually decreased, indicating a low volume of water discharge from upstream of the Teesta River basin due to the construction of several barrages. During the study period, a significant change in the area of water bodies was observed between 2012 and 2016, from 881 to 1123 Ha, respectively. The cropland area increased because farmers changed their cropping practice due to water scarcity and floods. Trend analyses of riverbank erosion and accretion patterns suggest an increase in accretion rates compared to the rate of riverbank erosion. A household survey was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire where 450 respondents have participated (farmers: 200 and fishermen: 250). Survey results show that most of the farmers (65.5%) and fishermen (76.8%) think that the construction of upstream barrages caused harm to them. The majority of farmers and fishermen feel water scarcity, mainly in the dry season. We found that a large number of participants in the study area are willing to change their occupations. Furthermore, participants observed that many local people are migrating or willing to migrate to other places nowadays. Our study also found that farmers who face water scarcity in their area are more likely to change their location than their counterparts, while those who face problems in their cultivation are less likely to move. On the other hand, upstream barrages, fishing effects, and getting support in crisis significantly predict fishermen's occupation changes. We believe our results provide essential information on the significance of transboundary water-sharing treaties, sustainable water resource management, and planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article introduces an effective flood control method in the downstream of a river through the optimal operation of a barrage that is connected with a sea. A new operating model for flood control of an estuary barrage that can comprehensively evaluate the intensive discharge through the floodgates at the estuary barrage during low tide and the flood propagation process in the downstream river system is proposed. The optimization method applied to the operating model of the barrage combines a one-dimensional hydrodynamic model to analyze the flood propagation process in river channels and a search algorithm based on an iterative method to organize the maximum discharge at the estuary barrage during the ebb tide periods. The proposed method was applied to the flood control of the Taedong River downstream in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, and its effectiveness was shown and evaluated through modeling results. By imagining the downstream boundary of the river before and after the construction of the West Sea Barrage, the inundation simulation at the Taean gauging station in the downstream of the Taedong River for floods of different average recurrence interval (ARI) was achieved by employing the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Larhyss Journal is the property of Biskra University, Research Laboratory in Subterranean & Surface Hydraulics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Larhyss Journal is the property of Biskra University, Research Laboratory in Subterranean & Surface Hydraulics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The monitoring of dams provides a series of chronological measurements from different devices installed in the structure. These measurements must be analyzed in order to determine the behavior of the dam with respect to the factors (hydrostatic pressure, temperature, aging, etc.) influencing its stability. The work presented in this article, concerns the analysis of a set of pendular measurements (280 measurements approximately), spread over a period of 16 years (from September 1, 2003 to September 30, 2019), of the Beni-Haroun dam (Wilaya of Mila-Algeria) using the HST model (Hydrostatic, Seasonal, Temporal). The application of the HST model on these measurements allowed to quantify the displacements relative to the effects (hydrostatic, seasonal and time) on the one hand and to separate the reversible effects (hydrostatic and seasonal effects) from the irreversible effect (time) by the calculation of the corrected displacements on the other hand. The displacements due to the hydrostatic effect are more important (up to 14 mm) than those due to the other effects (not exceeding 5 mm). In order to make a judgment on the behavior of the dam, interpretation indicators were calculated for each effect. The values obtained are insignificant (of the order of a thousandth), which means that none of the three effects presents a risk for the stability of the structure (indicators below unity). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flooding is globally a major natural hazard. Pakistan faces flooding problems almost every year. In present study a model was developed to compute the flood discharge and to propose structural management intrusions accordingly. Gumbel's Extreme Value Type -I distribution (EV-I), Log Pearson Type-III distribution (LP-III), and HEC-RAS software approaches were used to develop the model based on Visual Basic for Applications (VBA). LP-III distribution gave more accurate results only for combined pre & post dam scenario having long discharge series (1926-2018) with R-square (R2) value of 0.9973. While Gumbel (EV-1) distribution is good fit of line to data with R2 value of 0.971 for post-dam scenario having shorter discharge series (1978-2018). Further, in post-dam scenario flood discharge computed by Gumbel (EV-1) distribution was 37% lower than LP-III. EV-I distribution results presented that flood peaks for the lower return periods were reduced significantly due to the construction of Indian dams. The design flood discharge of 384,765 cusec is peak design discharge computed by EV-1 distribution for 100 year return period. However, current discharge capacity of barrage to pass the flood computed by developed model was 295,492 cusec. To pass the peak flood discharge safely, evaluation of four structural flood management interventions revealed that barrage can pass the flood discharge of 384,765 cusec safely by raising the HFL by 1.94 ft. The proposed research is helpful in devising the guidelines for the rehabilitation of hydraulic structures to address 100 year return period flood without breaching the protection embankments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Weirs and barrages are costly hydraulic diversion structures; therefore, any attempt to improve their design is a worthy contribution. Diversion structures, such as weir or barrage, may be designed on permeable formations considering homogenous soil properties. But in reality, soil properties are hardly homogeneous. In this paper, an approach is described to determine an economically efficient barrage profile by considering soil's anisotropic behaviour. Hydraulic conductivity is considered to be an anisotropic soil property. An optimization-based methodology is developed to obtain the optimal barrage profile. The minimization of the material cost and minimization of the exit gradient is considered for multi-objective formulation. The multi-objective formulation is solved using NSGA-II, and a Pareto optimal front is obtained for different degrees of anisotropy. The flow interaction under a diversion structure in anisotropic soil is incorporated using the Modified Lane theory and is embedded in optimization formulation. The developed methodology is illustrated with a barrage profile as a hydraulic structure. A parametric study is carried out to study the effects of varying barrage design elements on the barrage's optimum material cost. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim of the study Aim of the paper was to use the Rembrandt multi-criteria decision support method to select the best type of fish pass for the analysed barrage, depending on the priorities adopted. Material and methods Hydraulic structures interrupt the continuity of morphological and biological watercourse, divide it into sections, which cannot be crossed by fish and other aquatic organisms. It is particularly disadvantageous, because motion up- and downstream is indispensable for them to live. For this reason fish passes are built on barrages to facilitate their migration. The article presents hydraulic calculations run for three types of fish passes. Also, a hierarchical tree was prepared in accordance with the Rembrandt method. This tree has been applied three times: for the owner’s preferences, for aquatic organisms, and without imposing a second level of calculation. Results and conclusions Results of calculations using Rembrandt’s multi-criteria decision support method indicated that according to the investor’s priorities the best fish pass was slot pass, for aquatic organisms - bypass channel, and calculations which assumed equal values for second level factors also point to slot pass.

Aim of the study The paper presents calculations of filtration through a side dam of the “Maziarnia” water reservoir in Wilcza Wola in the Podkarpackie Voivodeship. Material and methods In the selected sections, on the basis of penetration drilling and research excavations, the geotechnical structure of the dam body and base was identified and samples for laboratory tests were taken. The results of the tests and calculations of the soil filtration coefficient of the dam body were used for the calculation of unsteady and steady filtration through the dam using the finite element method in the GEO5 software. Results and conclusions The analysis of the results showed differences in the filtration coefficient values obtained from laboratory tests and calculated using empirical formulas as well as a relatively good compatibility of the position of computational filtration curve through the dam with the curve resulting from piezometric measurements.

Most of existing methods do not consider the influence of expression and tone on barrage sentiment analysis. This decreases the effect and accuracy of barrage sentiment analysis. Therefore, we propose a barrage sentiment analysis scheme based on expression and tone. First, we propose a new sentiment dictionary based on expression and tone to increase the effect of barrage sentiment analysis. Second, we propose a new calculation method of sentiment value based on expression and tone for barrage sentiment analysis to increase the accuracy. Meanwhile, we change a single threshold to a threshold range, to expand the scope of neutral barrages. Finally, the experimental results show that our scheme is more effective and practical than the existing methods in the scenario of barrage sentiment analysis.