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The class B scavenger receptor CD36 is known to bind and mediate the transport of lipid-related ligands and it functions as a pattern recognition receptor (PRR) for a variety of pathogens, including bacteria and viruses. In this study, we assessed CD36's role as a PRR mediating pro-inflammatory effects of several known Danger-Associated Molecular Patterns (DAMPs) used either as a single preparation or as a combination of DAMPs in the form of total cell/skeletal muscle tissue lysates. Our data demonstrated that multiple DAMPs, including HMGB1, HSPs, histone H3, SAA, and oxPAPC, as well as cell/tissue lysate preparations, induced substantially higher (~7–10-fold) IL-8 cytokine responses in HEK293 cells overexpressing CD36 compared to control WT cells. At the same time, DAMP-induced secretion of IL-6 in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) from CD36−/− mice was markedly (~2–3 times) reduced, as compared to macrophages from normal mice. Synthetic amphipathic helical peptides (SAHPs), known CD36 ligands, efficiently blocked CD36-dependent inflammatory responses induced by both cell and tissue lysates, HMGB1 and histone H3 in CD36+ cells. IP injection of total cellular lysate preparation induced inflammatory responses that were assessed by the expression of liver and lung pro-inflammatory markers, including IL-6, TNF-α, CD68, and CXCL1, and was reduced by ~50% in CD36-deficient mice compared to normal mice. Our findings demonstrate that CD36 is a PRR contributing to the innate immune response via mediating DAMP-induced inflammatory signaling and highlight the importance of this receptor as a potential therapeutic target in DAMP-associated inflammatory conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the research was a comparative analysis of the morphometric parameters of eggs, as well as their impact on the results of incubation and the quality of day-old chicks. Eggs in the amount of 160 pieces were placed in the incubator and incubated according to generally accepted conditions. A high level of fertilization (88.2%) and hatchability (84.9%) of eggs was revealed. 126 heads were received, chick hatching rate was 78.7%. Received 65 cockerels, 61 chickens. The average weight of the eggs from which the cockerels were obtained was 59.6 g, which is 1.4% more than the weight of the eggs from which the hens were obtained, with an unreliable difference. The weight of males was significantly higher than that of females by 1.3 g (3.3%). For such analyzed morphological parameters as egg volume, cross-sectional area, egg surface area, no significant difference was found between the groups (from 0.02% to 0.39%). The size of the longitudinal sectional area and the semimajor axis of the eggs from which the chickens were obtained was higher by 3.3% and 2.3%. The value of the parameter semi-minor axis of eggs (2.71 cm), from which the cockerels were obtained, was significantly higher by 5.1%. The eggs from which the hens were obtained have a more rounded shape of the sharp end, the angle was 102.2 degrees, which is significantly higher by 5.9% than that of the eggs from which the cockerels were obtained. The shape index of eggs from which males were obtained varied from 0.548 to 0.815, and from eggs from which hens were obtained from 0.546 to 0.749 units.

The article analyses the factors of credit relations of an organisation under modern economic conditions. The purpose of the study is to find ways to ensure sustainable development and improve bank credit activities. The relevance is determined in connection with the rapid growth of the population's debts and the accumulation of multiple risks. As a result of the research ways of perfection of credit relations of the bank on the basis of consideration of dispositive factors, including creation of clear system of subordination and further development of service system and development of the bank, analysis and estimation of solvency of the client are presented.

The problem of food security is global in the context of sanctions and conflicts. The study is devoted to the assessment of the level of food security of the Russian Federation. The paper assesses the current level of food security in Russia based on the analysis of trends in the development of the agro-industrial complex, and also identifies threats and challenges to Russia’s food security at the present stage. The research is based on statistical data provided by the Ministry of Agriculture of Russia, as well as analysis methods including computational and constructive, monographic, economic and statistical, comparative and system analysis, synthesis, etc. The article suggests measures to strengthen Russia’s food security, taking into account the unpredictable development of the Russian economy. The results of the work make it possible to conclude that, despite the problems, the Russian agro-industrial complex successfully provides food to the population of the country and continues to gain momentum in the export of products. Russian scientists clarify the concept of innovation, the latest threats, problems of food security in individual countries and regions. The situation is aggravated by such factors as the imposition of sanctions on persons related to agricultural assets, the impact of sanctions on transportation and finance, and other restrictions, bikies. The Ukrainian crisis and Western restrictions against Russia are damaging food stability at both regional and country-wide, global levels.

Small and medium-sized businesses have great potential, which is revealed in the conditions of a developing economy. The article examines the formation of medium-sized businesses in the Southern region, as well as the prospects for its development in the current economic environment. The article considers the branch structure of entrepreneurship. The problems of the peculiarities of the formation of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), the achievement of competitiveness in the market are along with the actual scientific research of the modern development of Russian regions. Regional entrepreneurship is an important component of any region. Regional entrepreneurship is influenced by various factors and spatial conditions. The analysis of the current state and future development of business in the southern region is carried out. Attention is paid to the regulatory framework, lending, property and other issues of small and medium-sized businesses in the southern region. The share of SMEs in the country's gross domestic product has declined due to the crisis and measures to combat the pandemic. High investment risks and a low level of trust limit the opportunities for business development. The ways of improving the working conditions of entrepreneurs, the legislative framework and other related factors are proposed.

An important factor in the uninterrupted work of healthcare is a modern and decent salary for medical personnel. This issue has become especially acute in coronavirus infection when all the problems that have accumulated in the field of healthcare have become especially urgent. There was a situation of a shortage of medical personnel and the need for round-the-clock work, which led to the issue of incentive and compensation payments. In this regard, accounting is one of the innovative links that ensure uninterrupted payments to employees of medical institutions. All facts of the economic activity of the institution must be documented. However, the existing set of documentation is not always able to ensure the prompt provision of information on payroll and incentive payments, even in the context of accounting automation. The article contains research of the workflow organization in terms of remuneration on the example of one of the medical institutions in the Omsk region. The study revealed the need to improve the accounting area as one of the ways of innovative development. The article proposes a new analytical accounting register, which allows presenting information on charges to medical personnel in the context of personnel categories and comparing analytical and synthetic accounting data in terms of the amounts of accrued wages. It is proposed to integrate the proposed document into the Sail Budget 7 program, the Payroll module, which will make the calculation process more convenient, less labor-intensive, and will allow the data transfer process to be carried out automatically.

In modern complex conditions, characterized by an unstable situation caused by a global pandemic, the acceleration of digitalization processes in all spheres of life, innovative software products that help users to receive complete and up-to-date information on emerging issues are becoming more and more important. Usually even such fateful decisions as the choice of a future profession and educational institution are made on the basis of data collection in mobile applications. In this regard, research in the field of digitalization of communications between universities, applicants and other stakeholders at this stage of development of Russian educational services is quite important. This paper is devoted to the study of the issue of the establishment of mutually beneficial links between applicants and Russian universities. The authors propose the implementation of an organizational project in order to create a multifunctional mobile application “Applicant” aimed to provide target groups of users with versatile, up-to-date information about the state of university education market. The project describes in detail and justifies such points as the formation of a team, the functions and competencies of its members, the main stages and environment of implementation, the implementation schedule, product and educational results.