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The expression of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) was up-regulated and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) was significantly increased in colon cancer patients. As the main prostaglandin produced by COX-2, PGE2 plays an important role in angiogenesis, survival, invasion and migration of colon cancer cells. The EP4 receptor, as an important transporter of PGE2 signaling, increases the survival and development of colon cancer cells through various mechanisms of overexpression. Signal pathway starting from COX-2, continuing with PGE2 and ending with EP4 can promote the spread and growth of colon cancer. Therefore, targeting the COX-2/PGE2/EP4 axis may be a valuable treatment method for colon cancer. This article outlines the biological activity of COX-2, the mechanism of action of COX-2/PGE2/EP4 as a signal axis in colon cancer, and the research progress of targeted drugs in colon cancer prevention.

With the rapid advancement of China's power system reform, various provinces have progressively recognized distributed energy systems as autonomous market participants, and their operational paradigm has transitioned from centralized procurement and sales to market competition. This paradigm shift has presented novel demands for the operational efficacy of distributed energy systems within the power market. Presently, China's distributed energy systems are predominantly managed through collaborative efforts among multiple enterprises. Consequently, during the operational process, it becomes imperative to contemplate how to achieve efficient benefit allocation to ensure the system's sustainable development. This endeavor also represents a pivotal undertaking in China's pursuit of its dual-carbon objectives. Therefore, this study endeavors to construct a model for benefit sharing within distributed energy systems, predicated on the distinctive attributes of various stakeholders, in order to facilitate the system's sustainable progression. Primarily, from the vantage point of the power market and the conduct of system stakeholders, this research scrutinizes key factors that influence benefit allocation, encompassing risk level, profit contribution, and predictive elements. Subsequently, utilizing the CIRTIC anti-entropy weight method Cloud–Shapley methodology, a benefit allocation model is formulated for multiple stakeholders participating in the distributed energy systems market. Finally, the efficacy of the model is substantiated through the simulation and analysis of core stakeholders within the distributed energy system. Simulation results manifest the actual allocation benefits for micro-gas turbines, wind power, and photovoltaics, which amount to CNY 0.941 million, CNY 0.858 million, and CNY 0.881 million, respectively. Moreover, the impacts of risk level, profit contribution, and prediction vary in magnitude concerning the benefit distribution among distinct stakeholders. In future endeavors encompassing post-operational benefit sharing in regional distributed energy systems, it is indispensable to consider the varying influence of different factors on stakeholders, as well as the significance of stakeholders within the system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new alkaloid, tournesibirin (1), was isolated from the dichloromethane extracts from Tournefortia sibirica L. The structure of 1 was determined by spectroscopic methods, including UV, IR, HR-ESI-MS and extensive 1D and 2D NMR techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]