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This review examines using essential oils (EOs) as an alternative approach in poultry farming to clarify their beneficial roles. The discussion introduces current challenges within the poultry industry, from antibiotic resistance and environmental concerns, setting the context for natural feeding strategies. EOs are characterized by diverse bioactive compounds such as terpenes and phenolics, known as powerful alternatives due to their strong antimicrobial, antioxidant, and growth-stimulating properties. Their chemical composition and biological activities can offer insights into their mechanism of action in bird species, specifically poultry. In the context of poultry production, the review underlines how EOs enhance growth performance, support immune responses, and improve feed efficiency. Their role in modulating gut health and potentially improving product quality was discussed herein. Combining these natural substances into poultry farming can address the growing environmental concerns. In this overview, we focus on EOs as a novel and progressive option in poultry farming, aiming to harmonize 'environmental sustainability with agricultural efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

C. perfringens, a ubiquitous bacterium, is implicated in a series of recent outbreaks across Europe, reflecting its significance in public health. The organism manifests different clinical presentations in both human and animal hosts. In the realm of veterinary science, its pathogenesis in species such as poultry, cattle, swine, and equines is of particular concern due to the economic implications stemming from morbidity and mortality rates. The enterotoxins produced by this bacterium is the primary cause of symptoms like watery diarrhea, abdominal pains, and cramps in humans, and leads to conditions such as clostridial myonecrosis and necrotic enteritis in animals. An important aspect of its virulence strategy is its ability to form biofilms. These sophisticated microbial assemblages confer an augmented resistance against environmental challenges and antimicrobial interventions. This review consolidates information about C. perfringens outbreaks in Europe, mode of infection, pathogenesis in various animals, associated clinical symptoms, and the nuances of its biofilm formation. The present literature synthesis could provide valuable insights for forthcoming preventive and therapeutic initiatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plastics have increasingly dominated our material landscape due to their widespread use. With the surge in the production and distribution of plastic products, the threat of global plastic pollution has escalated. This issue has increasingly alarmed environmental researchers due to the pronounced negative impacts on flora and fauna. As research efforts intensify worldwide, there is encouraging advancement in pinpointing and comprehending microorganisms capable of breaking down these plastics. The recent studies depicted microbial entities for their remarkable capabilities in tackling plastic waste. Among these are bacteria from the genera Ideonella, Pseudomonas, Enterobacter and Brevibacillus, as well as fungi, especially those from the genera Aspergillus and Penicillium which have showcased promising results in degrading plastics This scholarly review aims to clarify the lasting understanding concerning the biodegradation of polymeric materials. We delve into the different roles of specific microorganisms adept at plastic degradation, highlighting the enzymatic capabilities they employ. Additionally, we explore the environmental implications of leveraging microbial degradation as a sustainable approach to mitigating plastic pollution, offering insights into future research directions and applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An important concern of man has become to have high-quality food for a healthy life. Fish such as rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) are an important bioindicator of pollution. The accumulation of heavy metals represents a potential danger to public health. Trout is preferred and consumed by many people so any possible risk of ingesting metals through food chains should be assessed. The main organs studied according to specialized literature regarding the accumulation of heavy metals are the liver an the kidney, these organs play an important role in preventing the transfer of heavy metals to other organs, for example muscle tissue. As is known, the pollution of aquatic ecosystems has a direct impact on the entire aquaculture activity. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to monitor metals present in the two trout species in different areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This experimental trial explored the impact of incorporating specific nutritional feed into the diet of dairy cows and assessed their influence on the quality of products derived from the processing of raw milk. Results showed that nutritional feed changed several parameters of dairy products, such as dry matter, crude protein, crude fat, ash, and fatty acid profiles between the two groups for produced dairy products. The resulting two types of cheeses, namely Caș and Telemea, made from the milk of Experimental Group (EG) cows had a decreased content of saturated fatty acids (SFA) and an elevated content of unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) compared to the Control Group (CG), whereas the situation was the opposite. The associations of the n6:n3 ratio were lower in the Caș cheese from the EG compared to CG, while in the Telemea cheese, the observations also revealed inverted results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Romanian Mioritic Shepherd Dog was selected from a natural population breed of the Romanian Carpathian Mountains. The aim of this study was the evaluation of the phenotypic differences between the sexes in a population of 26 males and 23 females of the Mioritic Shepherd Dog breed, for 9 body measurements: height at elbow, height at hock, head length, skull length, skull width, muzzle length, muzzle width, muzzle depth and muzzle perimeter. Following the study on the significance of statistical differences between body measurements recorded in the evaluated population, it was concluded that males from the people of the Romanian Mioritic Shepherd Dog studied in this paper showed superior and significant values for height at the elbow (p<0.05), height at hock (p<0.05), head length (p<0.01), muzzle length (p<0.05). It should be noted that the evaluated females showed superior values compared to males, but insignificant (p>0.05), for muzzle width and muzzle depth. We recommend to dog breeders specialists consider the genetic improvement programs, and also our results presented in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carmoisine is a food coloring found in many foods, with several restrictions. The aim of this work was to evaluate the hematological and biochemical parameters of blood in Wistar albino laboratory rats after oral administration of carmoisine every day for 6 weeks by dissolving the additive in water. The effect of temperature on parsley was also studied, drying it at different temperatures, then observing at what temperature the amount of ascorbic acid was maintained in the greatest proportion. At most haematological parameters, higher values were observed in rats in the 100 mg carmoisine group compared to the control and parsley groups. Similarly, the biochemical parameters analyzed showed higher values in rats in the group receiving 100 mg carmoisine compared to the control group, and parsley administered to rats was able to bring mean values closer to those obtained in the control group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: The harsh aquatic environment makes the use of dietary probiotics not cost-effective and with low efficacy due to their inability to reach the gut. Therefore, supporting the growth of commensal probiotic bacteria, in aquatic animals, represents an efficient strategy to improve and maintain their gut health. The commensal probiotic, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, is well known for its association with improved gut health in humans, farm animals and crustaceans. As such, increasing its abundance in the gut is of major interest and, moreover, identification of interventions able to support its growth is necessary. Undoubtedly, organic compounds, such as mixtures of organic acids, have a role in improving gut health and supporting the gut microbiota in either fighting disease or improving digestion. With this study, we aimed to further understand the biological mechanisms by which F. prausnitzii inhibits pathogenic bacteria, in the presence of organic acids. Furthermore, we have also investigated the organic acid ability to stimulate bacterial growth in vitro and ex vivo. Herein we show that a mixture of organic acids, AuraAqua (Aq) leads to improved F. prausnitzii growth and butyrate production which consequently reduces V. parahaemolyticus infection of shrimp gut primary epithelial cells. Increasing the abundance of probiotic bacteria in the gut requires either direct dietary supplementation or the inclusion of feed additives able to support the growth of beneficial commensal bacteria. In crustaceans, the increased presence of probiotic-like bacteria in the gut, including of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (F. prausnitzii), will guarantee a positive health status and a gut environment that will ensure enhanced performance. The aim of this study was to investigate if a mixture of organic acids, AuraAqua (Aq) can stimulate the growth and the anti-pathogenic efficacy of F. prausnitzii through a combination of in vitro and ex vivo models. The results showed that 0.5% Aq was able to improve the growth rate of F. prausnitzii in vitro and in an ex vivo shrimp gut model. Moreover, we were able to demonstrate that Aq increases butyrate production and cellulose degradation in culture or in the shrimp gut model. The growth-stimulating effect of Aq also led to an improved and anti-pathogenic effect against Vibrio parahaemolyticus in a co-culture experiment with shrimp gut primary epithelial cells (SGP). In conclusion, our work demonstrates that Aq can stimulate the growth of F. prausnitzii, increase the production of short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) butyrate, improve substrate digestion, and prevent V. parahaemolyticus invasion of SGP cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aimed to review the nitrogen emissions from the agriculture and livestock sector and their impact on the environment in the light of the actual global climate change picture. Emissions of ammonia, nitrogen oxide and nitrous oxide contribute to air pollution and global warming, while nitrates contribute to soil and water pollution. The agriculture and livestock sector is responsible for ammonia emissions representing approximately 80-90% of total anthropogenic emissions. Approximately 52% of total nitrous oxide emissions are coming from agriculture, and there is a strong correlation with the application rates of synthetic fertilizers. The nitrogen lost in the soil and water through leaching represents an important nitrate emission with negative effects on the environment due to acidification and eutrophication. As a result of human activity in recent decades, significant amounts of reactive nitrogen were released into the environment, disrupting the natural nitrogen cycle. The main causes of nitrogen emissions in the agriculture and livestock sector are represented by the excessive and inefficient use of synthetic fertilizers, manure management, including the low efficiency of nitrogen conversion into milk, meat and eggs by animals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]