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The aim of this study was to examine and compare the macro-anatomical structures and configurations of plexus sacralis in Hasmer and Hasak sheep breeds. For this purpose, 18 sheep (eight female Hasmer sheep, three male Hasak sheep and seven female Hasak sheep) were assessed. After induction of anesthesia, the body cavities were opened. The sheep were fixed with formaldehyde after draining of the blood. The nerves of the plexus sacralis were dissected separately and photographed. Both in Hasmer and Hasak sheep breeds, the plexus sacralis was a large anastomotic complex of nerves which gave rise to nerves distributed to pelvic cavity and pelvic limb. It was derived from the ventral branches of the six spinal segments. It was observed that this plexus was formed by the ventral rami of four (first to fourth) sacral spinal nerves as well as ventral ramus of the sixth and fifth lumbar nerves. The results of this study are believed to be improved further with the future morphometric studies and to make a contribution to future anatomical and surgical studies in this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The present study was carried out to determine the plexus sacralis and its branches in sparrowhawk(Accipiter nisus). Fifteen sparrowhawk were used in this study. Following the anaesthesing of the materials, cavity of the body was opened. Animals were fixed with formaldehyde after draining of their bloods. The nerves of plexus sacralis were separately dissected and photographed. Plexus sacralis was formed by the union of the branches of the synsacral spinal nerves which leave from ventrolaterale of os lumbosacrale. The plexus consisted of six (4–9) synsacral spinal nerves in sparrowhawk(Accipiter nisus). The nerves originating from plexus sacralis from cranial to caudal were nervus coxalis caudalis, the common root of nervus peroneus and nervus tibialis, nervus cutaneus femoris caudalis and the common branches of rami musculares. It was determined that general macroanatomical shapes of plexus sacralis and the distribution of nerves originating from this plexus were found to be similar with the other bird species in hawk which is one of the predatory bird species. However, it was determined that responsible for innervation of the leg and foot nervus peroneus and nervus tibialis common root and terminal branches of these nerves were significantly thick and strong in appearance. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The study aims to investigate anatomical, histological and morphometric structures of the magpie’s (Pica pica) glandula uropygialis living in Turkey. Magpies were anesthetized and common carotid artery was cut for blood draining. Then abdominal organs were removed and fixed in the 10% formaldehyde solution and glandula uropygialis was dissected. Then, glandula uropygialis tissues passed alcohol and xylene series and embedded in paraffin blocks for histological analyses. The blocks were cut and obtained 7 μm thickness of section were stained with Crossman Modified Triple staining. Magpie (Pica pica)’s glandula uropygialis located on 3 and 4. caudal vertebra and pygostyl under the integument and it was observed that consisted of bilateral two lobes as right and left. In histological analyses, there were holocrine glands covered by connective tissues and these glands opened a same duct in the papilla. It was determined that glandula uropygialis is a simple tubular holocrine gland and this gland covered by connective tissues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]