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2. of the Turkish Nationwide Survey of Glycemic and Other Metabolic
- Author
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Sonmez, A, Yumuk, V, Haymana, C, Demirci, I, Barcin, C, Kiyici, S, Guldiken, S, Oruk, G, Saydam, BO, Baldane, S, Kutluturk, F, Kucukler, FK, Deyneli, O, Cetinarslan, B, Sabuncu, T, Bayram, F, Satman, I, Ayturk, S, Yilmaz, M, Asik, M, Dinccag, N, Cakmak, R, Turker, F, Idiz, C, Hacisahinogullari, H, Bagdemir, E, Yildiz, B, Haliloglu, O, Sancak, S, Ozsari, L, Cagiltay, E, Imre, E, Sait Gonen, Boysan, SN, Altuntas, Y, Ozturk, FY, Mert, M, Piskinpasa, H, Aydin, H, Imamoglu, S, Ersoy, C, Oz Gul, O, Selek, A, Dogru, T, Kirik, A, Kebapci, N, Efe, B, Kaya, A, Cordan, I, Kirac, CO, Capa, Z, Cesur, M, Yetkin, I, Corapcioglu, D, Canlar, S, Yildiz, OB, Sendur, SN, Cakir, B, Ozdemir, D, Corakci, A, Kutlu, M, Bascil Tutuncu, N, Bozkus, Y, Cakal, E, Demirbas, B, Ertek, S, Altay, M, Dagdeviren, M, Abedi, AH, Cetinkalp, S, Ozisik, H, Yener, S, Guney, E, Unubol, M, Yaylali, GF, Topsakal, S, Hekimsoy, Z, Akbaba, G, Aslan, I, Balci, MK, Dalkiran, S, Akbay, E, Gul, K, Agbaht, K, Yilmaz, MO, Bozkirli, E, Tetiker, BT, Cetinkaya Altuntas, S, Atmaca, A, Durmus, ET, Mete, T, Dikbas, O, Akin, S, Nuhoglu, I, Ersoz, HO, Bayraktaroglu, T, Sisman, P, Sahin, I, Cetin, S, Capoglu, I, Akbas, EM, Ucler, R, Eren, MA, Tuzcu, AK, Pekkolay, Z, Ozkaya, M, Araz, M, Salman, S, Dizdar, OS, Gurkan, E, and Kargili Carlioglu, A
- Abstract
Background: Obesity is the main obstacle for metabolic control in patients with type 2 diabetes. Turkey has the highest prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes in Europe. The effect of obesity on the metabolic control, and the macro-and microvascular complications of patients are not apparent. Objectives: This nationwide survey aimed to investigate the prevalence of overweight and obesity among patients with type 2 diabetes and to search for the impact of obesity on the metabolic control of these patients. We also investigated the independent associates of obesity in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods: We consecutively enrolled patients who were under follow-up for at least 1 year in 69 tertiary healthcare units in 37 cities. The demographic, anthropometric, and clinical data including medications were recorded. Patients were excluded if they were pregnant, younger than 18 years, had decompensated liver disease, psychiatric disorders interfering with cognition or compliance, had bariatric surgery, or were undergoing renal replacement therapy. Results: Only 10% of patients with type 2 diabetes (n = 4,648) had normal body mass indexes (BMI), while the others were affected by overweight (31%) or obesity (59%). Women had a significantly higher prevalence of obesity (53.4 vs. 40%) and severe obesity (16.6 vs. 3.3%). Significant associations were present between high BMI levels and lower education levels, intake of insulin, antihypertensives and statins, poor metabolic control, or the presence of microvascular complications. Age, gender, level of education, smoking, and physical inactivity were the independent associates of obesity in patients with type 2 diabetes. Conclusion: The TEMD Obesity Study shows that obesity is a major determinant of the poor metabolic control in patients with type 2 diabetes. These results underline the importance of prevention and management of obesity to improve health care in patients with type 2 diabetes. Also, the results point out the independent sociodemographic and clinical associates of obesity, which should be the prior targets to overcome, in the national fight with obesity. (c) 2019 The Author(s) Published by S. Karger AG, Basel C1 [Sonmez, Alper; Haymana, Cem; Demirci, Ibrahim] Univ Hlth Sci, Gulhane Sch Med, Dept Endocrinol & Metab, TR-06018 Ankara, Turkey. [Yumuk, Volkan] Istanbul Univ, Cerrahpasa Med Fac, Dept Endocrinol & Metab, Istanbul, Turkey. [Barcin, Cem] Univ Hlth Sci, Gulhane Sch Med, Dept Cardiol, Ankara, Turkey. [Kiyici, Sinem] Univ Hlth Sci, Bursa Yuksek Ihtisas Training & Res Hosp, Dept Endocrinol & Metab, Bursa, Turkey. [Guldiken, Sibel] Trakya Univ, Med Fac, Dept Endocrinol & Metab, Edirne, Turkey. [Oruk, Gonca] Izmir Katip Celebi Univ, Ataturk Educ & Res Hosp, Dept Endocrinol & Metab, Izmir, Turkey. [Saydam, Basak Ozgen] Dokuz Eylul Univ, Med Fac, Dept Endocrinol & Metab, Izmir, Turkey. [Baldane, Suleyman] Selcuk Univ, Med Fac, Dept Endocrinol & Metab, Konya, Turkey. [Kutluturk, Faruk] Gaziosmanpasa Univ, Med Fac, Dept Endocrinol & Metab, Tokat, Turkey. [Kucukler, Ferit Kerim] Hitit Univ, Med Fac, Dept Endocrinol & Metab, Corum, Turkey. [Deyneli, Oguzhan] Marmara Univ, Med Fac, Dept Endocrinol & Metab, Istanbul, Turkey. [Cetinarslan, Berrin] Kocaeli Univ, Med Fac, Dept Endocrinol & Metab, Kocaeli, Turkey. [Sabuncu, Tevfik] Harran Univ, Med Fac, Dept Endocrinol & Metab, Urfa, Turkey. [Bayram, Fahri] Erciyes Univ, Med Fac, Dept Endocrinol & Metab, Kayseri, Turkey. [Satman, Ilhan] Istanbul Univ, Med Fac, Dept Endocrinol & Metab, Istanbul, Turkey. [Ayturk, Semra] Trakya Univ, Sch Med, Dept Endocrinol & Metab, Edirne, Turkey. [Yilmaz, Murat] Corlu REYAP Private Hosp, Dept Endocrinol & Metab, Corlu, Turkey. [Asik, Mehmet] Canakkale 18 March Univ, Sch Med, Dept Endocrinol & Metab, Canakkale, Turkey. [Dinccag, Nevin; Cakmak, Ramazan; Turker, Fulya; Idiz, Cemile; Hacisahinogullari, Hulya; Bagdemir, Elif; Yildiz, Busra; Haliloglu, Ozlem] Istanbul Univ, Sch Med, Dept Endocrinol & Metab, Cerrahpasa, Turkey. [Sancak, Seda] Univ Hlth Sci, Sch Med, Fatih Sultan Mehmet Training & Res Hosp, Dept Endocrinol & Metab, Istanbul, Turkey. [Ozsari, Levent; Cagiltay, Eylem] Univ Hlth Sci, Sch Med, Sultanabdulhamit Training & Res Hosp, Dept Endocrinol & Metab, Istanbul, Turkey. [Imre, Eren] Marmara Univ, Sch Med, Dept Endocrinol & Metab, Istanbul, Turkey. [Sait Gonen; Boysan, S. Nur] Istanbul Sci Univ, Sch Med, Dept Endocrinol & Metab, Istanbul, Turkey. [Altuntas, Yuksel; Ozturk, Feyza Yener] Univ Hlth Sci, Sch Med, Sisli Hamidiye Etfal Training & Res Hosp, Dept Endocrinol & Metab, Istanbul, Turkey. [Mert, Meral; Piskinpasa, Hamide] Univ Hlth Sci, Istanbul Bakirkoy Dr Sadi Konuk Training & Res Ho, Sch Med, Dept Endocrinol & Metab, Istanbul, Turkey. [Aydin, Hasan] Yeditepe Univ, Sch Med, Dept Endocrinol & Metab, Istanbul, Turkey. [Ersoy, Canan; Oz Gul, Ozen] Uludag Univ, Sch Med, Dept Endocrinol & Metab, Bursa, Turkey. [Selek, Alev] Kocaeli Univ, Sch Med, Dept Endocrinol & Metab, Kocaeli, Turkey. [Dogru, Teoman; Kirik, Ali] Balikesir Univ, Sch Med, Dept Internal Med, Balikesir, Turkey. [Kebapci, Nur; Efe, Belgin] Eskisehir Osmangazi Univ, Sch Med, Dept Endocrinol & Metab, Odunpazari Eskisehir, Turkey. [Kaya, Ahmet; Cordan, Ilker] Necmettin Erbakan Univ, Sch Med, Dept Endocrinol & Metab, Konya, Turkey. [Kirac, Cem Onur] Selcuk Univ, Sch Med, Dept Endocrinol & Metab, Konya, Turkey. [Capa, Zehra] Univ Hlth Sci, Gulhane Sch Med, Ankara, Turkey. [Capa, Zehra] Gulhane Training & Res Hosp, Dept Endocrinol & Metab, Ankara, Turkey. [Cesur, Mustafa] Private Guven Hosp, Dept Endocrinol & Metab, Ankara, Turkey. [Yetkin, Ilhan] Gazi Univ, Sch Med, Dept Endocrinol & Metab, Ankara, Turkey. [Corapcioglu, Demet; Canlar, Sule] Ankara Univ, Sch Med, Dept Endocrinol & Metab, Ankara, Turkey. [Yildiz, Okan Bulent; Sendur, Suleyman Nahit] Hacettepe Univ, Sch Med, Dept Endocrinol & Metab, Ankara, Turkey. [Cakir, Bekir; Ozdemir, Didem] Yildirim Beyazit Univ, Sch Med, Dept Endocrinol & Metab, Ankara, Turkey. [Corakci, Ahmet] Ufuk Univ, Sch Med, Dept Endocrinol & Metab, Ankara, Turkey. [Kutlu, Mustafa] Private Bayindir Hosp, Dept Endocrinol & Metab, Ankara, Turkey. [Bascil Tutuncu, Neslihan; Bozkus, Yusuf] Baskent Univ, Sch Med, Dept Endocrinol & Metab, Ankara, Turkey. [Cakal, Erman] Univ Hlth Sci, Sch Med, Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Training & Res Hosp, Dept Endocrinol & Metab, Ankara, Turkey. [Demirbas, Berrin] TOBB Univ, Sch Med, Dept Endocrinol & Metab, Ankara, Turkey. [Ertek, Sibel] Private Mem Hosp, Dept Endocrinol & Metab, Ankara, Turkey. [Altay, Mustafa; Dagdeviren, Murat] Univ Hlth Sci, Sch Med, Kecioren Training & Res Hosp, Dept Endocrinol & Metab, Ankara, Turkey. [Abedi, Amir Hassein] Erciyes Univ, Sch Med, Dept Endocrinol & Metab, Kayseri, Turkey. [Cetinkalp, Sevki; Ozisik, Hatice] Ege Univ, Sch Med, Dept Endocrinol & Metab, Izmir, Turkey. [Yener, Serkan] Dokuz Eylul Univ, Sch Med, Dept Endocrinol & Metab, Izmir, Turkey. [Guney, Engin; Unubol, Mustafa] Adnan Menderes Univ, Sch Med, Dept Endocrinol & Metab, Aydin, Turkey. [Yaylali, Guzin Fidan; Topsakal, Senay] Pamukkale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Endocrinol & Metab, Denizli, Turkey. [Hekimsoy, Zeliha] Celal Bayar Univ, Sch Med, Dept Endocrinol & Metab, Manisa, Turkey. [Akbaba, Gulhan] Mugla Univ, Sch Med, Dept Endocrinol & Metab, Mugla, Turkey. [Aslan, Ibrahim] Univ Hlth Sci, Antalya Training & Res Hosp, Sch Med, Dept Endocrinol & Metab, Antalya, Turkey. [Balci, Mustafa Kemal; Dalkiran, Sefika] Akdeniz Univ, Sch Med, Dept Endocrinol & Metab, Antalya, Turkey. [Akbay, Esen] Mersin Univ, Sch Med, Dept Endocrinol & Metab, Mersin, Turkey. [Gul, Kamile] Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam Univ, Sch Med, Dept Endocrinol & Metab, Kahramanmaras, Turkey. [Agbaht, Kemal] Private Defne Hosp, Dept Endocrinol & Metab, Antalya, Turkey. [Yilmaz, Muge Ozsan] Mustafa Kemal Univ, Sch Med, Dept Endocrinol & Metab, Antakya, Turkey. [Bozkirli, Emre] Baskent Univ, Adana Training Hosp, Dept Endocrinol & Metab, Ankara, Turkey. [Tetiker, B. Tamer; Cetinkaya Altuntas, Seher] Cukurova Univ, Sch Med, Dept Endocrinol & Metab, Adana, Turkey. [Atmaca, Aysegul; Durmus, Elif Tutku] 19 Mayis Univ, Sch Med, Dept Endocrinol & Metab, Samsun, Turkey. [Mete, Turkan] Univ Hlth Sci, Sch Med, Samsun Training & Res Hosp, Dept Endocrinol & Metab, Samsun, Turkey. [Dikbas, Oguz] Giresun Univ, Sch Med, Dept Endocrinol & Metab, Giresun, Turkey. [Akin, Safak] Recep Tayyip Erdogan Univ, Sch Med, Dept Endocrinol & Metab, Rize, Turkey. [Nuhoglu, Irfan; Ersoz, Halil Onder] Karadeniz Tech Univ, Sch Med, Dept Endocrinol & Metab, Trabzon, Turkey. [Bayraktaroglu, Taner] Bulent Ecevit Univ, Sch Med, Dept Endocrinol & Metab, Zonguldak, Turkey. [Sisman, Pinar] Kars Harakani State Hosp, Dept Endocrinol & Metab, Kars, Turkey. [Sahin, Ibrahim; Cetin, Sedat] Inonu Univ, Sch Med, Dept Endocrinol & Metab, Malatya, Turkey. [Capoglu, Ilyas; Akbas, Emin Murat] Erzincan Univ, Sch Med, Dept Endocrinol & Metab, Erzincan, Turkey. [Ucler, Rifki] Yuzuncu Yil Univ, Sch Med, Dept Endocrinol & Metab, Van, Turkey. [Eren, Mehmet Ali] Harran Univ, Sch Med, Dept Endocrinol & Metab, Sanliurfa, Turkey. [Tuzcu, Alpaslan Kemal; Pekkolay, Zafer] Dicle Univ, Sch Med, Dept Endocrinol & Metab, Diyarbakir, Turkey. [Ozkaya, Mesut] Univ Hlth Sci, Sch Med, Gaziantep Ersin Arslan Res & Training Hosp, Gaziantep, Turkey. [Araz, Mustafa] Gaziantep Univ, Sch Med, Dept Endocrinol & Metab, Gaziantep, Turkey. [Salman, Serpil] Liv Hosp Ulus, Dept Endocrinol & Metab, Istanbul, Turkey. [Dizdar, Oguzhan Sitki] Kayseri Educ & Res Hosp, Dept Internal Med, Kayseri, Turkey. [Gurkan, Eren] Mustafa Kemal Univ, Dept Endocrinol & Metab, Antakya, Turkey. [Kargili Carlioglu, Ayse] Erzurum Reg Educ & Res Hosp, Dept Endocrinol & Metab, Erzurum, Turkey.
- Published
- 2019
3. Liraglutide and Renal Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes
- Author
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Mann JFE, Ørsted DD, Brown-Frandsen K, Marso SP, Poulter NR, Rasmussen S, Tornøe K, Zinman B, Buse JB, LEADER Steering Committee and Investigators. Bergenstal R, Daniels G, Moses AC, Nauck M, Nissen S, Pocock S, Steinberg W, Stockner M, Kristensen P, Ravn LS, Zychma M, Flyvbjerg A, Ford I, Kloos RT, Schactman MJ, Sleight P, Swedberg K, Tenner SM, Akalın S, Arechavaleta R, Bain S, Babkowski MC, Benroubi M, Berard L, Comlekci A, Czupryniak L, Eliasson B, Eriksson M, Fonseca V, Franek E, Gross J, Hafidh K, Haluzik M, Hayes F, Huang YY, Jacob S, Kaddaha G, Khalil A, Kilhovd B, Laakso M, Leiter L, Lalic N, Ji L, Luedemann J, Mannucci E, Marre M, Masmiquel L, Mota M, Omar M, O’Shea D, Pan C, Petrie J, Pieber T, Pratley R, Raz I, Rea R, Rutten G, Satman I, Shestakova M, Simpson R, Smith D, Tack C, Tarnow L, Thomas N, Van Gaal L, Travert F, Vidal J, Warren M, Yoon KH, Tuttle RM, Sheerman SI, Hegedüs L, Baerwald H, Bergenstal M, Celik S, Dias C, Eder M, Fitzgibbons S, Irvhage L, Kloluckova J, Kriulianski R, McDuffie R, Moen S, Paster A, Saalfeld RM, Sankar K, Shehaj E, Swierzewska P, Tiktin M, Tovey S, Gibson CM, Chakrabarti AK, Dashe JF, Hinchey J, Leary MC, Pride Y, Wiviott S, Allen S, Mehr AP, Mutter WP, Parikh S, Ray S, Cheifetz A, Leffler D, Sheth S, Alexander E, Gaglia JL, Goessling W, Mitzner LD, Rosenberg C, Snow KJ, Wagner A, Piazza G, Abell S, Davis T, D'Emden M, Ding SA, Gilfillan C, Greenaway T, Gunawan F, Ho J, Jackson R, Kalra B, Lau SL, Lin J, MacIsaac R, Makepeace A, Malabu U, Marjason J, McCallum R, McLean M, Moin N, Petersons C, Price S, Roberts A, Roberts D, Sangla K, Stranks S, Tan Y, Thynne T, Walters J, Ward G, Wen W, Zhang J, Brix J, Feder A, Höbaus C, Höllerl F, Höller V, Kotter T, Kratz E, Krzizek EC, Leb-Stoeger U, Mader J, Mras N, Novak E, Obendorf F, Peric S, Pesau G, Prager R, Ribitsch A, Schnack C, Schernthaner G, Wascher T, Batens AH, Benhalima K, De Block C, Ernest P, Fouckova A, Jandrain B, Lapauw B, Letiexhe M, Mathieu C, Neven S, Peiffer F, Ruige J, Scheen A, Taes Y, Van Boxelaer I, Vandistel G, Van Durme Y, Verhaegen A, Alencar E, Alencar R, Almeida AC, Alves B, Alves E, Alves G, Alves J, Araujo L, Arruda V, Augusto GA, Baggentoss R, Balestrassi L, Barbosa M, Barcelos I, Belem L, de Bem A, Betti RT, Bona R, Bosco A, Branda J, Bronstein M, Bueno T, Bulcão T, Caiado F, Camazzola F, Cambréa MF, Campos S, Canani L, Carra MK, Caruso S, Carvalho N, Casillo A, Castro D, Cavalcanti T, Cavichioli V, Cercato C, Chacra A, Challela W, Charchar HS, Chaves C, Chrisman C, Correia-Deur J, da Costa A Jr, Costa M, Costi B, Coutinho P, Coutinho W, Cunha MR, Daher J Jr, Davini E, Democh D Jr, Eliaschewitz F, Esmanhoto Facin G, Farias F, Felício J, Fernandes V, Filho CS, Filho FF, Filho M, Fontan D, Fontenele AP, Forti A, Franco D, Freire K, Fusaro A, Genestreti P, Gerchman F, Godi A, Gomes KF, Gonçalves P, Gonçalves R, Griz L, Grossman M, Gurgel MH, Vasconcellos Haddad AW, Halpern A, Hissa M, Inuy A, Jaime J, Jonasson T, Jorge JC, Malucelli FJ, Kohara S, Kramer C, Lacerda C, Ladeira S, Lana J, Lastebasse F, Leitão A, Leite S, Lerário AC, Lima D, Lima M, Lippi V, Lunardi M, Machado E, Maia F, Maia J, Maia KP, Mañas N, Marchisotti F, Marinho C, Martins C, Figueiredo de Medeiros F, Melo A, Melo F, Mendonca E, Mendonça P, Filho RM, Miguel M, Miléo K, Miyahara M, Montenegro AP, Moraes A, Moreira A, Ítalo Mota J, Mothe FS, Murro A, Nakatani V, Napoli TF, Neto BG, Neto OQ, Niclewicz E, Ohe LN, Oliveira F, Oliveira M, Panarotto D, Parente E, Parolin S, Pechmann L, Costa da Penha P, Perlamagna L, Perotta B, Pimentel L, Pinto M, Poço C, Ponte C, Prazeres P, Quintao E, Raduan R, Rassi DT, Rassi N, Reck L, Montenegro R Jr, Ribeiro R, Rodovalho S, Silveira Rodrigues G, Rollin G, Rossi S, Sabino C, Sales AP, Salles J, Sampaio CR, Santana L, Sato V, da Silva Santos M, Santos NL, Santos R, Saraiva J, Sartori C, Sena R, Sevilha M, Sgarbi J, Silva D, D'albuquerque Silva L, Silva ME, Siqueira K, Soares S, Sobreira W, Sousa B, Souza AC, Souza B, Tambascia M, Tarantino R, Tenor F, Tomarchio M, Triches C, Tristão LJ, Valenti A, Vasques E, Vencio S, Vianna A, Munhoz Vidotto T, Vieira S, Villar H, Visconti G, Volaco A, Wajchenberg B, Zanatta L, Zimmerman L, Abbott EC, Abu-Bakare A, Advani A, Allison R, Bishara P, Bowering CK, Cheng A, Chouinard S, Clayton D, Conway J, D'Amours M, de Tugwell B, DeYoung P, D'Ignazio G, Dube F, Ekoe JM, Fagan S, Garceau C, Gottesman I, Hanna A, Harris S, Hramiak IM, Hurd C, Imran S, Josse R, Joyce C, Kaiser S, Khan F, Kirouac I, Kovacs C, Labonte I, Langlois WJ, Levac MF, Liutkus J, McDonald C, Milosevic V, Nyomba BL, Paul T, Raby K, Ransom T, Reichert SM, Retnakaran R, Rabasa-Lhoret R, Raff E, Shaikholeslami R, Sigalas J, Yip CE, Weisnagel SJ, Woo V, Bao Y, Cai X, Chen J, Chen K, Chen M, Chen X, Chen Y, Ji Y, Lei J, Li H, Liu P, Mu Y, Ren M, Ren Y, Shi Y, Wang D, Wang F, Wang J, Wang Y, Yan L, Yang G, Yang J, Yu X, Yuan G, Xu M, Zhao X, Zheng J, Zhou L, Anderlová K, Brožová J, Haluzík M, Hanušová V, Kosák M, Křížová J, Mráz M, Owen K, Rušavý Z, Tomešová J, Trachta P, Žourek M, Andersen PH, Boesgaard T, Christensen S, Gram J, Gregersen S, Henriksen JE, Hermansen K, Jakobsen PE, Jensen J, Krogsaa A, Larsen M, Lervang HH, Madsbad S, Mortensen L, Olesen T, Pietraszek A, Ridderstråle M, Safai N, Schioldan AG, Schmidt C, Snorgaard O, Stidsen J, Cederberg H, Haapamäki H, Hukkanen J, Jauhiainen R, Kujari ML, Lahtela J, Laine M, Mäkelä J, Miilunpohja M, Savolainen M, Taurio J, Vänttinen M, Creton C, Cosma NV, Dillinger J, Jacques JL, Guedj AM, Moulla M, Petit C, Ratsianoharana V, Richter D, Rodier M, Roussel R, Hinz A, Politz E, Esser M, Deuse U, Mittag D, Hagenow A, Jacob F, Jordan R, Gantke D, Venschott-Jordan U, Löhr C, Klausmann G, Eschenbrücher K, Karakas M, Jahrsdörfer B, Kunze MR, Wöhrle J, König W, Spielhagen H, Kilimnik A, Lüdemann HP, Lüdemann J, Mölle A, Mölle M, Müller J, Appelt S, Sauter A, Sauter J, Hartmann U, Löw A, Krötz F, Sohn HY, von Schacky C, Klauss V, Braun D, Segner A, Degtyareva E, Kreutzmann K, Paschmionka R, Hauck N, Sihal O, Busch AK, Maus O, Stübler P, Füllgraf-Horst S, Vietzke A, Müller C, Tosch-Sisting R, Lengsfeld B, Thaler J, Schaum T, Steindorf J, Steindorf S, König A, Reitschuster S, Schlott D, Clever HU, Witzel P, Kempe HP, Stemler L, Benis A, Diakoumopoulou E, Kazakos K, Kypraios N, Liatis S, Pagkalos E, Siami E, Tentolouris N, Alur VC, Agrawal M, Ali M, Asirvatham A, Asirvatham E, Bandgar TR, Balaji M, Bardoloi N, Baruah M, Bekur R, Bhansali A, Bhatia S, Bhonsley S, Bhuyan S, Borah B, Bright N, Ambrish C, Chaudhury T, Choudhury S, Chellan G, Das M, Dharmalingam M, Dutta P, Erugu A, Vinutha FP, Gunasekaran P, Das Gupta R, Iqbal A, Jagadish P, Jain S, Jebasingh H, John A, John M, Kalra S, Kasaragod P, Kesavadev J, Kumar H, Kumar P, Lakshmanan V, Lila AR, Mathew T, Miyen H, Mohan T, Motha A, Murthy C, Shivashankara N, Nanaiah A, Ommen T, Pani K, Pandey K, Paramesh S, Paramesh V, Pillai B, Prabhu M, Kalki RC, Ramachandran S, Ramu M, Rao Y, Reddy S, Saikia P, Saravu K, Selvam K, Sethi B, Shankar A, Sharma A, Shah N, Shankar P, Shetty R, Shivane V, Srivalli S, Thaseen S, Sarada S, Shirisha A, Subramani M, Balaji V, Mohan V, Padmanaban V, Verma M, Vidyasagar S, Walinjkar V, Walia R, Davenport C, Forde H, Gadintshware G, Gan KJ, Khattak A, O'Connell J, O'Shea D, Beilin V, Cahn A, Cohen O, Cukierman-Yaffe T, Daoud D, Darawsha M, Dicker D, Gavish A, Hochberg I, Ilany J, Inbal U, Itzhak B, Karasik A, Karnieli E, Khader N, Khamaisi M, Lender D, Lieberman GS, Mahamid R, Marcoviciu D, Michael L, Minuchin O, Mosenzon O, Narevichius F, Percik R, Potekhin M, Sabbah M, Sawaed S, Schurr D, Segal E, Slezak L, Vollach I, Zaina A, Zloczower M, Zolotov S, Antenore A, Arnone M, Arturi F, Barbaro V, Barone M, Di Biagio R, Buscemi C, Buscemi S, Buzzetti R, Di Carlo A, Carlone A, Caruso V, Casadidio I, Cerrelli F, Ciavarella A, Cipolloni L, Colella A, Colotto M, Consoli A, Crippa VG, Cuccuru I, Cufone S, Desideri C, Fallarino M, Febo F, Filetti S, Foffi C, Formoso G, Frosio L, Di Fulvio P, Gambineri A, Ginestra F, Grimaldi MS, Lamanna C, Leto G, Lucotti P, Lugarà M, Lumera G, Magistro A, Maranghi M, Martelli D, Mattina A, Monti LD, Parise M, Pedace E, Perticone F, Piatti P, Pompea Antonia Baldassarre M, Ragghianti B, Repaci A, Ribichini D, Da Ros S, Rossi M, Santilli M, Sesti G, Setola E, Succurro E, Sussolano E, Tarquini G, Verga S, Vitale V, Alanis RR, del Rosario Arechavaleta-Granell M, de Jesús Beltran Jaramillo T, de Jesús Rodríguez Berrones DA, Rodríguez Briones I, Rodríguez Briones R, Acevedo Castañeda ES, Chapa Grimaldo JB, Flores-Moreno CA, Garza Felix S, Nieto Flores J, Morales Franco G, Garza Morán RA, Hernández González SO, González-Gálvez G, González González JG, Hernández Salazar E, García Hernández PA, Campos Hurtado S, López-Velázco ML, Cardona Muñóz EG, Nuñez Márquez R, Campos Moreno OV, Cavazos Oliveros FJ, Haro Ortiz JA, Pelayo-Orozco ES, Sida Perez P, Vazquez Ramírez R, Uribe Rios MA, López Rodríguez JC, Rodríguez Rosales M, Robledo Durón I, Alvarado Ruíz R, González Saldivar G, Reyes Sánchez R, Sánchez-Michel BL, Contreras Sandoval AY, Velasco Gutiérrez A, Perez Verdín AE, Ramos Zavala MG, Abbink-Zandbergen E, Ahdi M, Bugter A, van Dijk M, Eisma G, Erdtsieck R, Gerards M, Gerdes V, Haak H, Harbers V, Hoogenberg K, Huvers F, Janssen W, Kars M, Kooy A, Lafeber M, Landewé-Cleuren S, Lieverse A, Meesters E, Moerman S, van Moorsel D, Nijhuis J, Smit CJ, Thevissen K, Timmerman Thijssen DM, Willemsen A, Birkeland K, Cooper J, Gulseth H, Hjelmesæth J, Jørgensen P, Kilhovd BK, Kulseng B, Nicolaisen B, Skadberg Ø, Wium C, Antkowiak-Piatyszek K, Arciszewska M, Bajkowska-Fiedziukiewicz A, Bogdanski P, Czubek U, Cypryk K, Dabrowski J, Dabrowska M, Dziedzic S, Dziewit T, Faligowska M, Fedor-Plenkowska G, Gajos G, Galicka-Latala D, Galuszka-Bilinska A, Gladysz I, Grycewicz J, Hachula G, Janas I, Jazwinska-Tarnawska E, Jedynasty K, Jozefowska M, Kaminska A, Katra B, Kitowska-Koterla J, Klupa T, Koblik T, Konduracka E, Konieczny J, Konieczny M, Kosinski M, Kulkowski G, Kunecki M, Kurmaniak M, Lesniewski R, Lominska T, Losa B, Majkowska D, Malecki M, Mirocka J, Misztal M, Mruk K, Musialik K, Olejniczak H, Opadczuk P, Peczynska J, Plinta M, Polaszewska-Muszynska M, Przech E, Pupek-Musialik D, Ruzga Z, Scibor Z, Sidorowicz-Bialynicka A, Siegel A, Stankiewicz A, Strzelecka-Sosik A, Swierszcz T, Szulinska M, Szymkowiak K, Trybul I, Witek P, Wozniak I, Zambrzycki J, Zarzycka-Lindner G, Zuradzka-Wajda D, Zurawska-Klis M, Ahn HY, Chin SO, Choi SH, Chon S, Han KA, Jang HC, Jeong KC, Kang SM, Kim JW, Kim HS, Kim SJ, Kim SW, Kim YS, Lee EY, Lim S, Min KW, Nam JY, Oh SJ, Park SY, Rhee SY, Shin JA, Son JI, Song YD, Woo JT, Yang HK, Yoo JS, Yoon JW, Avram R, Braicu MD, Carlan L, Catrinoiu D, Ciomos D, Ciorba A, Ghise G, Girgavu S, Guja C, Mihai D, Nicodim S, Nistor L, Pintilei DR, Pintilei E, Pletea N, Pop A, Rosu M, Savu O, Serban V, Sima A, Sitterli-Natea C, Suciu G, Szabo M, Szilagyi I, Timar B, Vlad A, Vladu IM, Alfaraj A, Dubova V, Dvoryashina I, Gaysina L, Gromova S, Gudkova K, Ivanova S, Ivashkina I, Kalashnikova M, Kazankova T, Khaykina E, Khaykina O, Kiseleva T, Komissarova E, Kononenko I, Koreneva V, Koshcheeva O, Koshel L, Kozachuk D, Kufelkina T, Kunitsyna M, Likhodey N, Lysenko T, Makarova O, Malceva A, Mikhailova S, Ogorodnikova E, Pavlikova I, Pekareva E, Postoeva A, Reshedko D, Reshedko G, Reshedko L, Rogaleva A, Rogova L, Rozanov D, Runov G, Samylina I, Semikina T, Sergeeva-Kondrachenko M, Shatskaya O, Shimokhina O, Smetanina S, Startseva M, Strelkova A, Suplotova L, Suvorova L, Sych Y, Valeeva A, Valeeva F, Venjkova T, Vinokurova V, Voychik E, Yanovskaya E, Yanovskaya M, Yarkova N, Yarygina E, Yuzhakova N, Zakharova T, Zanozina O, Zenovko A, Zhuk S, Zhukova E, Aleksic S, Bulatovic A, Buric B, Cvijovic G, Jelic MA, Jojic B, Jotic A, Kendereski A, Lalic K, Lukic L, Macesic M, Petkovic MM, Micic D, Milicic T, Popovic L, Prostran M, Rajkovic N, Seferovic J, Singh S, Stojanovic R, Stosic L, Vuksanovic M, Zamaklar M, Zivkovic TB, Zoric S, Aboo N, Albertse HW, Badat A, Basson M, Bawa E, Bester F, Blignaut S, Booysen S, Bosch FJ, Burgess L, Cassimjee S, Coetzee K, Du Bois J, Engelbrecht J, Finegan K, Gibson GJ, Hansa S, Hemus A, Immink IP, Jacovides A, Joshi P, Joshi S, Kapp C, KhoeleMachobane S, Uys Knox HJ, Kok J, Komati S, Lai E, Lakha D, Lehloenyane K, Mahomed AG, Meeding R, Moodley R, Moosa N, Nel J, Nell H, Van Niekerk FJ, Pillay N, Pretorius M, Prozesky H, Ramduth S, Roos J, Sarvan M, Seeber M, Siebert M, Somasundram P, Stavrides A, Venter N, Wadvalla S, Alcolea JO, Álvarez de Arcaya Vicente A, Pérez Arroyo MB, Romero Bobillo E, Buño MM, Carreira Arias JN, Cepero García D, Masmiquel Comas L, Coves Figueras MJ, de la Cuesta Mayor C, Feria-Carot MD, Frade Fernández AM, Ferreiro Gómez M, García García C, García Delgado E, Durán García S, Gómez Gómez LA, Soto González A, Hernán García C, Ángeles Tapia Herrero M, Jodar Gimeno E, Quevedo Juanals J, López Jiménez M, Masanes F, Marco Mur ÁL, Navarro López M, Ramis JN, Palmer AG, Calle Pascual A, Romero Pérez LG, Morales Portillo C, Prieto González S, Mezquita Raya P, Reyes García R, Vera TR, Rodríguez Castro C, Rodríguez Rodríguez I, Sacanella Meseguer E, Serrano Olmedo I, Lopez Soto A, Toba Alonso F, Aliaga Verdugo A, Vidal Cortada J, Vigil Medina L, Ackefelt-Frick E, Alfredsson H, Beling E, Benedek P, Crisby M, Dorkhan M, Drescik T, Eeg-Olofsson K, Eliasson K, Fardelin P, Fredholm A, Frid A, Gerok-Andersson K, Hjelmaeus L, Hufnagl A, Jasinska E, Kowalska E, Lafolie P, Lindquist O, Lundvall M, Melander E, Nicander C, Moris L, Tengmark BO, Saphir U, Skagerberg P, Steczkó-Nilsson C, Strandell B, Tomson Y, Chen JY, Chen YC, Chiang CY, Chou CW, Ho CW, Hsiao PJ, Hsieh MC, Hsu RS, Hsu SR, Huang CH, Hung WW, Lee MY, Lee YM, Lin CW, Lin CH, Lin KD, Lin SD, Lin SF, Liou MJ, Lu WT, Shin SJ, Sia HK, Su MH, Su SL, Sun JH, Tien KJ, Tsai DH, Tsai SS, Tu ST, Wang CC, Wang SY, Yang CY, Yen FC, Acikgoz A, Akalin S, Akin S, Akinci B, Akkurt A, Akturk M, Alkis N, Altun I, Altunbas HA, Altuntas Y, Araz M, Aribas S, Arslan E, Arslan G, Arslan M, Ataoglu EH, Ayan F, Aydin K, Aydogan BI, Ayvaz G, Bahadir MA, Balci MK, Basaran MN, Baskal N, Bugra MZ, Calan M, Cavdar U, Cetin F, Cinar N, Colbay M, Dagdelen S, Damci T, Davutoglu V, Demir M, Demir T, Deyneli O, Dincer I, Dogan B, Kanipek Doker KY, Engin I, Eraydin A, Erbas T, Erdogan MF, Ersoy C, Gedik A, Gokay F, Gul OO, Guler S, Gumus T, Gunes E, Gurler MY, Hatipoglu E, Ilkova H, Iyidir OT, Kabakci G, Karadag B, Karatemiz G, Karci AC, Kartal E, Kaya EB, Keskin C, Keskin EF, Kocabas G, Kocak F, Kol AK, Korkmaz H, Kucukler FK, Mesci BA, Oguz A, Orbay E, Oz H, Ozcan ND, Ozdem S, Ozisik S, Ozkan C, Ozsan M, Ozyazar M, Parlar H, Sargin H, Sargin M, Saygili F, Selek A, Simsek Y, Sisman P, Solmaz K, Soydas C, Tatliagac S, Tamer I, Temizkan S, Tulunay C, Tuncel E, Turker F, Unluhizarci K, Unluturk U, Uygur MM, Vatansever B, Yazici D, Yavuz DG, Yener S, Yenigun M, Yilmaz M, Abbas S, Alawadi F, Aziz AA, Bashier A, Rashid F, Abraham P, Adamson K, Atkin S, Aye M, Azam M, Barnett AH, Bellary S, Dhatariya K, Eaton M, English P, Ewing J, Furlong N, Gibson M, Green D, Herring R, Hordern V, Jaap A, Javed Z, Johnson A, Konya J, Kumar S, Lindsay R, Mackie A, McGlynn S, McKenzie J, Millward A, Murthy N, Paisey R, Pearson E, Piya M, Ramell M, Robertson D, Russell-Jones D, Saravanan P, Sathyapalan T, Shakher J, Shiels H, Sivaraman S, Smith J, Srinivas-Shankar U, Stokes J, Tracey I, Vaidya B, Yee M, Yemparala P, Walker J, Wiggins P, Williams J, Wright J, Mackinnon C, Inkster J, Zeeshan J, Bejnariu C, Malipatil N, Giritharan S, Lonnen K, Kyrou I, Aamir S, Ababa M, Abreu M, Adams D, Adams P, Aden J, Aguilar D, Aguillon A, Ahmed A, Ahmed B, Ahmed I, Akhtar A, Akright B, Akright L, Albarracin C, Albert S, Ali S, Aliuddin B, Almasmary A, Al-Maweri A, Alzohaili O, Amador W, Amine M, Amini S, Anderson M, Anderson L, Anderson R, Andrews M, Angel J, Anteer W, Anthony V, Antillon A, Anzures P, Arcon-Rios S, Arkin D, Arodak B, Aronne L, Aronoff S, Arreola G, Arroyo S, Asnani S, Astudillo-Tee G, Ault S, Austin B, Avila V, Avitabile N, Awasty V, Azar M, Aziz A, Bahrami P, Baig M, Bailey K, Bailey T, Baker M, Bala NS, Balbes-Reyes I, Baldwin D, Baldwin E, Balentine T, Ballard T, Baloch K, Banarer S, Baney C, Banka A, Barber L, Barber M, Barker T, Barnes K, Barnum O, Barra J, Bartkowiak A, Baula G, Bautista A, Bayliss R, Beaman M, Beatty K, Becker J, Bedolla L, Begum G, Belejchak P, Bell A, Beltran M, Belucher C, Bensfield E, Benton J, Bergamo K, Bergman B, Berry M, Bettino K, Beyea M, Bhargava A, Bhattacharya A, Bilas A, Bischoff L, Bixler L, Bizjack S, Blank R, Blankfield R, Block L, Bloodworth J, Bloomberg K, Bloomberg R, Blustin J, Boban I, Bolden A, Boncu O, Bookless P, Brassie C, Brautigam D, Bressler P, Brewster R, Brown C, Brown D, Brown F, Bruskewitz M, Bryant D, Buchanan C, Buchanan N, Buck G, Buckley S, Bueno J, Burke D, Burton K, Buske S, Byars W, Bye R, Caldwell R, Calvin K, Camacho R, Campbell E, Cannon D, Cantrell J, Caplan J, Cardenas C, Carlton J, Carpio G, Carrol A, Cartwright L, Casanova G, Castaneda L, Castle M, Castro L, Catangay J, Chaidarun S, Chambers J, Chambliss T, Chandra L, Chang A, Chang S, Chappel J, Chappel C, Chappell T, Charles C, Chavira A, Chaykin L, Check E, Chee L, Cherry A, Chestnut A, Chiarot J, Chiniwala N, Chionh K, Choe J, Christiansen M, Chrzanowski S, Chuang E, Chuck L, Clyatt J, Cohan B, Cohen R, Comi R, Comulada-Rivera A, Conner K, Connor G, Contreras R, Cook K, Cook R, Corder C, Cornejo B Sr, Cornette L, Cortes G, Cortez L, Cox C, Cox G, Craig W, Cramer B, Cromer C, Cromer M, Cuddihy R, Culmer D, Curran H, Curran M, Dadis C, Dagogo-Jack S, Dairywala I, D'Alessio D, Damberg G, Dang A, Daniel K, Davidson M, Dean J, DeBold R, Deitz P, Del M, Delaney D, Delgado E, DeMicco M, DeMuro MA, DeSalle D, Desouza C, Devireddy K, DeVries B, Dezube M, Diab I, Diesburg-Stanwood A, Dilliard J, Dilling J, Diner J, Dishongh K, Dodis R, Doing C, Doll W, Donoho A, Donovan D, Doremus N, Dorfman 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Sutton T, Tabbah I, Talsania M, Tang R, Tapia J, Taylor K, Taylor-Hancher R, Teator R, Tekateka M, Temple B, Temple K, Teodori M, Tharp P, Thethi T, Theuma P, Thomas S, Thottan A, Thrasher J, Thrasher L, Tiemeyer M, Tinney I, Tobin T, Toma S, Tovar M, Townsend J, Trantow C, Traylor H, Trevino M, Troy M, Trumper D, Tryggestad J, Tucker C, Turner J, Turney R, Tuten C, Tyzack J, Ullo L, Underkofler C, Unger J, Urdanetta R, Valdivia V, Valenti S, Vanderheiden A, Vanderlinde-Wood M, Varma C, Vasquez E, Vazquez M, Vickery D, Villafuerte B, Villegas C, Vivar J, Vivekananthan K, Vo G, Vukojicic K, Wachter A, Wahl D, Waitmann J, Walker D, Walsh J, Walsh K, Walton A, Wang A, Wardell K, Watkins S, Watkinson J, Watts M, Watwe V, Weaver N, Weber R, Wedick C, Weeks D, Weeks L, Weindorff K, Weinstein R, Weiss S, Wenger K, Wentworth M, Werner A, West M, Whelan S, White B, White J, Whitmire M, Whittington R, Wical J, Wigley C, Wilkins F, Will K, Williams A, Wilson LE, Wince M, Wine S, Winkle P, Winner C, Wise J, Witte M, Wittenmyer J, Wood C, Wood R, Woodruff C, Worthington B, Wynn D, Wysham C, Xavier P, Yela S, Yenoby L, Young L, Younus N, Yourell V, Zaid M, Zubair I., Mann, Jfe, Ørsted, Dd, Brown-Frandsen, K, Marso, Sp, Poulter, Nr, Rasmussen, S, Tornøe, K, Zinman, B, Buse, Jb, Bergenstal R, LEADER Steering Committee and Investigators., Daniels, G, Moses, Ac, Nauck, M, Nissen, S, Pocock, S, Steinberg, W, Stockner, M, Kristensen, P, Ravn, L, Zychma, M, Flyvbjerg, A, Ford, I, Kloos, Rt, Schactman, Mj, Sleight, P, Swedberg, K, Tenner, Sm, Akalın, S, Arechavaleta, R, Bain, S, Babkowski, Mc, Benroubi, M, Berard, L, Comlekci, A, Czupryniak, L, Eliasson, B, Eriksson, M, Fonseca, V, Franek, E, Gross, J, Hafidh, K, Haluzik, M, Hayes, F, Huang, Yy, Jacob, S, Kaddaha, G, Khalil, A, Kilhovd, B, Laakso, M, Leiter, L, Lalic, N, Ji, L, Luedemann, J, Mannucci, E, Marre, M, Masmiquel, L, Mota, M, Omar, M, O’Shea, D, Pan, C, Petrie, J, Pieber, T, Pratley, R, Raz, I, Rea, R, Rutten, G, Satman, I, Shestakova, M, Simpson, R, Smith, D, Tack, C, Tarnow, L, Thomas, N, Van Gaal, L, Travert, F, Vidal, J, Warren, M, Yoon, Kh, Tuttle, Rm, Sheerman, Si, Hegedüs, L, Baerwald, H, Bergenstal, M, Celik, S, Dias, C, Eder, M, Fitzgibbons, S, Irvhage, L, Kloluckova, J, Kriulianski, R, Mcduffie, R, Moen, S, Paster, A, Saalfeld, Rm, Sankar, K, Shehaj, E, Swierzewska, P, Tiktin, M, Tovey, S, Gibson, Cm, Chakrabarti, Ak, Dashe, Jf, Hinchey, J, Leary, Mc, Pride, Y, Wiviott, S, Allen, S, Mehr, Ap, Mutter, Wp, Parikh, S, Ray, S, Cheifetz, A, Leffler, D, Sheth, S, Alexander, E, Gaglia, Jl, Goessling, W, Mitzner, Ld, Rosenberg, C, Snow, Kj, Wagner, A, Piazza, G, Abell, S, Davis, T, D'Emden, M, Ding, Sa, Gilfillan, C, Greenaway, T, Gunawan, F, Ho, J, Jackson, R, Kalra, B, Lau, Sl, Lin, J, Macisaac, R, Makepeace, A, Malabu, U, Marjason, J, Mccallum, R, Mclean, M, Moin, N, Petersons, C, Price, S, Roberts, A, Roberts, D, Sangla, K, Stranks, S, Tan, Y, Thynne, T, Walters, J, Ward, G, Wen, W, Zhang, J, Brix, J, Feder, A, Höbaus, C, Höllerl, F, Höller, V, Kotter, T, Kratz, E, Krzizek, Ec, Leb-Stoeger, U, Mader, J, Mras, N, Novak, E, Obendorf, F, Peric, S, Pesau, G, Prager, R, Ribitsch, A, Schnack, C, Schernthaner, G, Wascher, T, Batens, Ah, Benhalima, K, De Block, C, Ernest, P, Fouckova, A, Jandrain, B, Lapauw, B, Letiexhe, M, Mathieu, C, Neven, S, Peiffer, F, Ruige, J, Scheen, A, Taes, Y, Van Boxelaer, I, Vandistel, G, Van Durme, Y, Verhaegen, A, Alencar, E, Alencar, R, Almeida, Ac, B, Alve, Alves, E, Alves, G, Alves, J, Araujo, L, Arruda, V, Augusto, Ga, Baggentoss, R, Balestrassi, L, Barbosa, M, Barcelos, I, Belem, L, de Bem, A, Betti, Rt, Bona, R, Bosco, A, Branda, J, Bronstein, M, Bueno, T, Bulcão, T, Caiado, F, Camazzola, F, Cambréa, Mf, Campos, S, Canani, L, Carra, Mk, Caruso, S, Carvalho, N, Casillo, A, Castro, D, Cavalcanti, T, Cavichioli, V, Cercato, C, Chacra, A, Challela, W, Charchar, H, C, Chave, Chrisman, C, Correia-Deur, J, da Costa, A Jr, Costa, M, Costi, B, Coutinho, P, 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S, Pechmann, L, Costa da Penha, P, Perlamagna, L, Perotta, B, Pimentel, L, Pinto, M, Poço, C, Ponte, C, Prazeres, P, Quintao, E, Raduan, R, Rassi, Dt, Rassi, N, Reck, L, Montenegro, R Jr, Ribeiro, R, Rodovalho, S, Silveira Rodrigues, G, Rollin, G, Rossi, S, Sabino, C, Sales, Ap, Salles, J, Sampaio, Cr, Santana, L, Sato, V, da Silva Santos, M, Santos, Nl, Santos, R, Saraiva, J, Sartori, C, Sena, R, Sevilha, M, Sgarbi, J, Silva, D, D'albuquerque Silva, L, Silva, Me, Siqueira, K, Soares, S, Sobreira, W, Sousa, B, Souza, Ac, Souza, B, Tambascia, M, Tarantino, R, Tenor, F, Tomarchio, M, Triches, C, Tristão, Lj, Valenti, A, Vasques, E, Vencio, S, Vianna, A, Munhoz Vidotto, T, Vieira, S, Villar, H, Visconti, G, Volaco, A, Wajchenberg, B, Zanatta, L, Zimmerman, L, Abbott, Ec, Abu-Bakare, A, Advani, A, Allison, R, Bishara, P, Bowering, Ck, Cheng, A, Chouinard, S, Clayton, D, Conway, J, D'Amours, M, de Tugwell, B, Deyoung, P, D'Ignazio, G, Dube, F, Ekoe, Jm, Fagan, S, Garceau, C, Gottesman, I, 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T, Hagan, A, Hager, S, Haggag, A, Haggar, M, Hamilton, M, Hamlet, P, Hammond, J, Hansen, A, Harrell, W, Harris, E, Harris, K, Harris, M, Harrison, L, Hartman, I, Hatch, A, Hayes, D, Hayes, M, Heath, J, Heineman, R, Heinzman, A, Hendrick, M, Herbst, R, Hermayer, K, Hibbard, J, Hill, Wd, Hilliard, B, Hix, M, Hoch, B, Hollander, P, Holmes, Z, Horobetz, C, Horowitz, R, Hsieh, P, Hsieh, S, Htun, W, Huang, J, Huber, C, Hudson, T, Huizar, S, Hull, B, Hull, J, Hummer, K, Hundal, R, Hunt, G, Hunt, V, Hutchinson, P, Hwang, J, Iannamorelli, A, Iannuzzi, L, Ingram, M, Iram, N, Ismail-Beigi, F, Jabbour, S, Jackson, T, Jaen, L, Jain, V, Jannesari, R, Januski, V, Japa, U, Jarvis, K, Jayson, L, Jensen, R, Jester, D, Jocko, C, Johnson, C, Johnson, M, Johnston, K, Jones, D, Jones, J, Jordan, T, Juarez, M, Kaapuraala, A, Kain, A, Kaiser, V, Kamradt, K, Karatoprakli, P, Karegar, M, Karounos, C, Karounos, D, Karunaratne, H, Katalenich, B, Katic, K, Katz, M, Kaur, G, Kawa, A, Keib, C, Keider, G, Kem, D, Kennedy, R, Kenney, B, Kereiakes, D, Ketana, M, Kettinger, L, Khaira, A, Khan, A, Khan, K, Khan, M, Khoo, T, Khrlobyan, N, Kilgore, J, Kim, G, Kimble, S, Kinsley, M, Kitchen, T, Klick, M, Kniffen, W, Knight, R, Kodzwa, D, Koenig, T, Komarovskiy, K, Kong, Y, Koontz, D, Krishnasamy, S, Krueger, E, Kuechenmeister, L, Kuehl, A, Kuettel, K, Kugler, D, Kulow, T, Kupriyanchik, I, Kuruvanka, T, Kushner, D, Kwon, E, Kwon, S, Kyle, M, Labryer, L, Labuda, J, Lafave, J, Laguerre, J, Laliberte, A, Lane, J, Langel, C, Lann, D, Largay, J, Latif, K, Latus, T, Lawrence, J, Ledger, G, Lee, Fg, Lee, E, Leffert, J, Leinung, M, Lenhard, Mj, Lentino, J, Leon, J, Leonard, M, Letassy, N, Leuck, K, Levin, P, Levinson, D, Lewis, M, Light, T, Lim, J, Lindamood, R, Lingvay, I, Lipps, J, Lisa, A, Livingston, Y, Llamas, L, Loesch, R, Long, T, Looby, R, Lopez, C, Lorenz, T, Lovre, D, Lu, P, Lucas, K, Luevano, G, Luidens, M, Luna, B, Luttrell, L, Lyons, T, Macadams, M, Mack, D, Mack, M, Madden, M, Madder, R, Madireddy, S, Mae, L, Mahakala, A, Maheshwari, H, Malbari, H, Maldonado, N, Mallitz, M, Mandviwala, M, Mann, K, Mardahay, M, Marino, J, Marney, A, Marshall, L, Martin, A, Martin, E, Martinez, G, Martinez-Miss, S, Marx, P, Massara, L, Mastoor, M, Matfin, G, Maturu, A, Maurides, P, May, M, Mayfield, R, Maynard, B, Mazza, A, Mccann, K, Mccoy, J, Mccoy, T, Mccullen, Mk, Mcdaniel, C, Mcdaniel, Am, Mcdermott, M, Mcdonald, A, Mcmasters, B, Mcmurray, C, Medlin, T, Meinel, M, Mendez, I, Menefee, J, Meredith, M, Merriweather, M, Mersey, J, Messino, C, Meyer, S, Meyers, L, Michael, D, Midyett, C, Miklius, A, Milford, E, Miller, B, Miller, H, Milligan, M, Minor, A, Miranda-Palma, B, Mirarchi, N, Mittadodla, S, Mittle, J, Moffat, A, Mohaupt, S, Mohiuddin, K, Mokshagundam, S, Monaco, S, Monsaert, R, Montano-Pereira, C, Montgomery, A, Moody, K, Moon, M, Moore, D, Moore, L, Morawski, E, Moreau, C, Morin, D, Moscoa, C, Motzkin, C, Mueller, R, Munoz, C, Munoz, M, Myneni, A, Naderi, B, Nagireddy, P, Naidu, J, Naidu, R, Naik, S, Naimark, R, Nardicchi, M, Ndukwu, I, Neller, C, Netten-Foster, L, Neumiller, J, New, T, Newman, S, Newton, T, Nguyen, B, Nicol, B, Nicol, P, Ninivaggi, L, Niswender, K, Norman, L, Noworatzky, G, Nyenwe, E, O'Brien, H, O'Connell, T, Oden, W, Odugbesan, A, Oliver, M, Oliver, T, Olmeda, C, O'Neil, C, Oremus, R, Ortega, T, Ortiz-Santos, S, Osborn, T, Padmanabhan, S, Papacostea, O, Park, I, Parker, A, Parker, K, Parker, R, Patel, C, Patel, M, Patel, R, Patino, M, Patterson, S, Paulson, K, Paz, A, Pemba, R, Pepe, C, Perez, J, Perez, T, Perry, D, Phillips, B, Phillips, J, Pickett, A, Pinson, M, Pitzer, R, Poduri, M, Poehls, J, Poteat, T, Powell, L, Prasad, S, Prevost, J, Price, E, Priest, D, Prieto, L, Purewal, T, Purighalla, R, Purighalla, U, Quadrel, M, Qureshi, A, Radhamma, R, Rafla, E, Rajab, H, Ramalingam, R, Ramirez, A, J, Ramirez, Ramirez, K, Ramirez, M, Randall, M, Rangaraj, U, Rao, V, Rasmussen, P, Rasouli, N, Ray, A, Reed, J, Rems, L, Renaud, K, Reno, M, Resnick, M, Reusch, J, Reynolds, L, Rhoton, K, Rhudy, J, Ricci, C, Rice, L, Richardson, A, Richardson, L, Rickard, H, Rickels, M, Riff, D, Rightenour, N, Risser, J, Rizvi, A, Robertson, J, Robinson, A, Robinson, R, Rockwell, M, Rodriguez, Jp, Rodriguez, M, Rojas, M, Rojas, W, Rooker-Morris, L, Root, C, Rose, M, Rosenberg, R, Rosenstock, J, Roth, M, Ruby, R, Sachson, R, Sack, P, Sadler, Rk, Sahai, S, J, Salazar, Salgam, M, Samal, A, Samson, A, Sanagorski, R, Sanchez, A, Sandberg, J, Sanderson, M, Sandoval, J, Santiago, E, Sapp, T, Saunders, J, Schill, J, Schott, C, Schreiman, R, Schu, D, Schuh, K, Schutta, M, Schwartz, J, Schweppe, L, Scofield, H, Scribner, A, Seal, J, Sealock, J, Seaton, B, Sedlak-Hanslik, T, Seekins, K, Segal, M, Seggelke, S, Semenza, S, Sentman, P, Serra, M, Seshadri, P, Sevilla, E, Shah, S, Shaheen, K, Shanik, M, Shaw, J, Sheets, M, Shellabarger, C, Sher, J, Shippey, J, Shivaswamy, V, Shomali, M, Shore, D, Shroff, P, Siddiqui, T, Siegwald, A, Silver, R, Simmons, D, Simons, R, Sinan, A, Singh, M, Sirinvaravong, S, Skero, J, Slover-Zipf, J, Small, S, Smith, B, Smith, K, Smith, M, Sohl, J, Solarz, Sh, Soler, D, Sood, A, Sora, N, Souchet, A, Soule, J, Sparks, J, Spector, L, Speicher, R, Spillers, L, Spivey, T, Springer, N, Sprouse, H, St John, J, Stacey, A, Stacey, H, Stafford, M, Stagner, E, Staples, K, Steadman, E, Steed, R, Steeves, G, Steinberg, H, Stell, C, Stirman, E, Straub, K, Strock, E, Sue, M, Suris, O, Sutton, T, Tabbah, I, Talsania, M, Tang, R, Tapia, J, Taylor, K, Taylor-Hancher, R, Teator, R, Tekateka, M, Temple, B, Temple, K, Teodori, M, Tharp, P, Thethi, T, Theuma, P, Thomas, S, Thottan, A, Thrasher, J, Thrasher, L, Tiemeyer, M, Tinney, I, Tobin, T, Toma, S, Tovar, M, Townsend, J, Trantow, C, Traylor, H, Trevino, M, Troy, M, Trumper, D, Tryggestad, J, Tucker, C, Turner, J, Turney, R, Tuten, C, Tyzack, J, Ullo, L, Underkofler, C, Unger, J, Urdanetta, R, Valdivia, V, Valenti, S, Vanderheiden, A, Vanderlinde-Wood, M, Varma, C, Vasquez, E, Vazquez, M, Vickery, D, Villafuerte, B, Villegas, C, Vivar, J, Vivekananthan, K, Vo, G, Vukojicic, K, Wachter, A, Wahl, D, Waitmann, J, Walker, D, Walsh, J, Walsh, K, Walton, A, Wang, A, Wardell, K, Watkins, S, Watkinson, J, Watts, M, Watwe, V, Weaver, N, Weber, R, Wedick, C, Weeks, D, Weeks, L, Weindorff, K, Weinstein, R, Weiss, S, Wenger, K, Wentworth, M, Werner, A, West, M, Whelan, S, White, B, White, J, Whitmire, M, Whittington, R, Wical, J, Wigley, C, Wilkins, F, Will, K, Williams, A, Wilson, Le, Wince, M, Wine, S, Winkle, P, Winner, C, Wise, J, Witte, M, Wittenmyer, J, Wood, C, Wood, R, Woodruff, C, Worthington, B, Wynn, D, Wysham, C, Xavier, P, Yela, S, Yenoby, L, Young, L, Younus, N, Yourell, V, Zaid, M, Zubair, I., Mann J.F.E., Orsted D.D., Brown-Frandsen K., Marso S.P., Poulter N.R., Rasmussen S., Tornoe K., Zinman B., Buse J.B., and Buscemi S.
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Male ,Settore MED/09 - Medicina Interna ,Acute Kidney Injury ,Aged ,Albuminuria ,Creatinine ,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ,Diabetic Nephropathies ,Double-Blind Method ,Female ,Follow-Up Studies ,Glomerular Filtration Rate ,Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 ,Humans ,Hypoglycemic Agents ,Intention to Treat Analysis ,Kidney Failure, Chronic ,Liraglutide ,Middle Aged ,Type 2 diabetes ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,urologic and male genital diseases ,GLOMERULAR-FILTRATION-RATE ,KIDNEY-FUNCTION ,DISEASE ,law.invention ,Kidney Failure ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,Randomized controlled trial ,law ,Medicine ,Settore MED/49 - Scienze Tecniche Dietetiche Applicate ,Chronic ,RISK ,Kidney ,Acute kidney injury ,11 Medical And Health Sciences ,General Medicine ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,TRIAL ,liraglutide, randomized controlled trial, type 2 diabetes, renal outcomes ,Life Sciences & Biomedicine ,Type 2 ,medicine.drug ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Renal function ,030209 endocrinology & metabolism ,CARDIOVASCULAR OUTCOMES ,Follow-Up Studie ,03 medical and health sciences ,Medicine, General & Internal ,General & Internal Medicine ,Diabetes mellitus ,Internal medicine ,Diabetes Mellitus ,Intensive care medicine ,Science & Technology ,business.industry ,MORTALITY ,medicine.disease ,INTENSIVE GLUCOSE CONTROL ,INDIVIDUALS ,chemistry ,Diabetic Nephropathie ,LEADER Steering Committee and Investigators ,business - Abstract
BACKGROUND: In a randomized, controlled trial that compared liraglutide, a glucagon-like peptide 1 analogue, with placebo in patients with type 2 diabetes and high cardiovascular risk who were receiving usual care, we found that liraglutide resulted in lower risks of the primary end point (nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, or death from cardiovascular causes) and death. However, the long-term effects of liraglutide on renal outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes are unknown. METHODS: We report the prespecified secondary renal outcomes of that randomized, controlled trial in which patients were assigned to receive liraglutide or placebo. The secondary renal outcome was a composite of new-onset persistent macroalbuminuria, persistent doubling of the serum creatinine level, end-stage renal disease, or death due to renal disease. The risk of renal outcomes was determined with the use of time-to-event analyses with an intention-to-treat approach. Changes in the estimated glomerular filtration rate and albuminuria were also analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 9340 patients underwent randomization, and the median follow-up of the patients was 3.84 years. The renal outcome occurred in fewer participants in the liraglutide group than in the placebo group (268 of 4668 patients vs. 337 of 4672; hazard ratio, 0.78; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.67 to 0.92; P=0.003). This result was driven primarily by the new onset of persistent macroalbuminuria, which occurred in fewer participants in the liraglutide group than in the placebo group (161 vs. 215 patients; hazard ratio, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.60 to 0.91; P=0.004). The rates of renal adverse events were similar in the liraglutide group and the placebo group (15.1 events and 16.5 events per 1000 patient-years), including the rate of acute kidney injury (7.1 and 6.2 events per 1000 patient-years, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: This prespecified secondary analysis shows that, when added to usual care, liraglutide resulted in lower rates of the development and progression of diabetic kidney disease than placebo. (Funded by Novo Nordisk and the National Institutes of Health; LEADER ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01179048 .).
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- 2017
4. Differential Activation and Expression of IRS1 Protein After Insulin Stimulation of Mononuclear Cells of Type 2 Diabetes Patients
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BALCI, MK, Görgişen, Gökhan, CELIK, FC, OZDEM, S, OZEL, D, GOKKAYA, M, and OZES, OSMAN N.
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- 2015
5. Tip 2 Diyabetik Hastaların Mononüklear Hücrelerinden Elde Edilen İnsülin Reseptör Substrat 1 (IRS1)’ in In Vitro Fosforilasyon Düzeyleri
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OZDEM, S, GOKKAYA, M, CELIK, FC, BALCI, MK, Görgişen, Gökhan, and OZES, OSMAN N.
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- 2014
6. Tip 2 diyabetli hastalarda insülin cevabı mononüklear hücrelerdeki insülin reseptör susbstrat 1 proteininin (IRS1) ekpresyon düzeyi ile ilişkili olabilir
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CELIK, FC, GOKKAYA, M, Görgişen, Gökhan, OZES, OSMAN N., BALCI, MK, and OZDEM, S
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- 2013
7. Tip 2 diyabet hastalarının mononuclear hücrelerinden elde edilen IRS1 ‘ in in vitro fosforilasyon duzeylerinin insulin tepkiselliği için diagnostik bir gösterge olarak kullanılabilir mi?
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OZES, OSMAN N., BALCI, MK, Görgişen, Gökhan, CELIK, FC, GOKKAYA, M, and OZDEM, S
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- 2013
8. In vitro phosphorylation levels of insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) from mononuclear cells of type 2 diabetes patients can be used as diagnostic marker for insulin responsiveness
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BALCI, MK, GOKKAYA, M, OZDEM, S, Görgişen, Gökhan, OZES, OSMAN N., and CELIK, FC
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- 2012
9. Tip 2 Diyabet Hastalarında İn vitro Ortamda İnsülin Reseptör Substrat 1 Fosforilasyon Değişimi
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OZES, OSMAN N., GOKKAYA, M, Görgişen, Gökhan, BALCI, MK, OZDEM, S, and CELIK, FC
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- 2012
10. Insulin degludec, an ultra-longacting basal insulin, versus insulin glargine in basal-bolus treatment with mealtime insulin aspart in type 2 diabetes (BEGIN Basal-Bolus Type 2): a phase 3, randomised, open-label, treat-to-target non-inferiority trial
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Garber, Aj, King, Ab, Del Prato, S, Sreenan, S, Balci, Mk, Muñoz Torres, M, Rosenstock, J, Endahl, La, Francisco, Am, Hollander, P, Protich, M, Ivanov, V, Veleva, N, Pichmanova, M, Guerenova, J, Hristozov, K, Slavcheva, A, Petrova, Gancheva, Prakova Teneva, Z, Böhmer, M, Clever, Hu, Kaiser, M, Peter Kempe, H, Mölle, A, Paulus, R, Rose, L, Sauter, J, Kinsley, B, Nolan, J, Hayes, F, Joshi, P, Khutsoane, Dt, Reddy, J, Mayet, L, Burgess, Lj, Raya, Pm, Cros, Mr, Calle, A, Candil, Sd, Soto, A, Francisco, J, Torres, M, Dominguez, Jr, Mesa, J, Mur, Al, Filetti, S, Piatti, P, Vespasiani, G, Santeusanio, F, Fanelli, Carmine Giuseppe, Mannucci, E, Consoli, A, Pata, P, Cignarelli, M, Borzì, V, Trevisan, R, Serban, V, Catrinoiu, D, Creteanu, G, Pop, L, Coman, A, Dogadin, S, Dvoryashina, I, Karpova, I, Lysenko, T, Smirnova, E, Yakusevich, V, Fábry, J, Ilavská, A, Tomášová, L, Tošerová, E, Chow, Fc, Karsidag, K, Erguney, M, Akbay, E, Balçi, Mk, Anderson, C, Baker, C, Berbano, R, Blevins, T, Broadstone, V, Brody, M, Brunner, J, Brusco, O, Case, C, Cherlin, R, Chuck, L, Clower, J, Connor, G, Cooperman, M, Paysinger, A, Early, M, Elliott, S, Fitz Patrick, D, Furlong, K, Garber, A, Glaser, L, Albert, S, Griffing, G, Handke, L, Harris, R, Hermayer, K, Huntley, R, Kaye, W, Kennedy, J, King, A, Klein, E, Lipetz, R, Snell, P, Morawski, E, Nurnberg, R, Orr, R, Osei, K, Palace, E, Raad, G, Rasmussen, B, Reeves, M, Roberts, V, Rodbard, H, Rosenblit, P, Selam, Jl, Shaw, S, Shelmet, J, Simon, H, Smith, M, Stringam, S, Sussman, A, Testa, J, Mazza, A, Varano, S, Warren, M, Winkle, P, Wise, J, Aroda, V, Strzinek, R, Wong, M, Pollock, J, and Bode, B.
- Published
- 2012
11. THE USE OF RECOMBINANT HUMAN G‐CSF IN THE TREATMENT OF PROPYLTHIOURACIL‐INDUCED AGRANULOCYTOSIS
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Altunbas, H, primary, Yazicioglu, G, additional, Balci, MK, additional, Karayalçin, Ü, additional, and Ündar, L, additional
- Published
- 1999
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12. Isokinetic evaluation of muscle strength in patients with thyroid dysfunction.
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Kocabas H, Yazicioglu G, Karaman NS, Balci NV, and Balci MK
- Abstract
Skeletal muscle weakness is a frequent symptom of thyroid dysfunction. Both hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism may cause signs and symptoms of neuromuscular dysfunction. It has been reported in previous studies that muscle strength recovers after treatment of thyroid dysfunction. The aim of the current study was to evaluate knee extensors and flexors strength in patients with thyroid dysfunction before and after medical treatment and compare the data with those of a matched control group. For this purpose 11 hyperthyroid, 9 hypothyroid patients and 27 healthy controls were recruited. All were tested isokinetically on the dominant side. The results suggest that return of thyroid hormone concentrations to their reference ranges, significantly increases muscular strength in hyperthyroid patients. However there was no significant recovery in the hypothyroid group. Nevertheless in both groups post-treatment muscle strength was significantly lower than in the control group. The findings suggest that patients with thyroid dysfunction, especially with hypothyroidism, should train for muscle strengthening after establishing euthyroidism to obtain optimum life conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
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13. Blood ketone and leptin levels in diabetic patients with suspected metabolic disorder in the emergency department
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Oktay Eray, Sari, R., Bektas, F., and Balci, Mk
14. Insulin degludec, an ultra-longacting basal insulin, versus insulin glargine in basal-bolus treatment with mealtime insulin aspart in type 2 diabetes (BEGIN Basal-Bolus Type 2): a phase 3, randomised, open-label, treat-to-target non-inferiority trial.
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Garber AJ, King AB, Del Prato S, Sreenan S, Balci MK, Muñoz-Torres M, Rosenstock J, Endahl LA, Francisco AM, Hollander P, and NN1250-3582 (BEGIN BB T2D) Trial Investigators
- Published
- 2012
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15. Effect of web-based education intervention on blood glucose control, self-care and quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes: A single-blinded randomized controlled trial.
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Terkes N, Bektas H, and Balci MK
- Abstract
Aim: This study aimed to assess the effects of web-based education on blood glucose control, self-care and quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes., Methods: A single-blinded randomized controlled trial was conducted in accordance with the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) checklist at a university hospital in Turkey. The study included 89 patients with type 2 diabetes who were randomly divided into an intervention group (44) and a control group (45). Participants in the intervention group participated in a 3-month web-based education programme., Results: The findings indicated that there were no significant differences in sociodemographic characteristics and illness features between the intervention and control groups, and both were homogeneous. A statistically significant decrease of 0.71 was observed in the HbA1c (%) level of the intervention group following web-based education. Following web-based education, there was a significant difference in body mass index (kg/m
2 ) and waist circumferences (cm) between the intervention and control groups. The intervention group displayed significantly improved self-care and quality of life over the 3-month period (p < 0.05)., Conclusion: This study suggests that web-based education can enhance the self-care and quality of life of patients with type 2 diabetes., (© 2024 The Author(s). International Journal of Nursing Practice published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.)- Published
- 2024
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16. Monitoring T-Cell Kinetics in the Early Recovery Period of Lung Transplantation Cases by Copy Number Levels of T-Cell Receptor Excision Circle.
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Akdeniz FT, Akbulut Z, Vayvada M, Balci MK, Yeginsu A, Demirel GY, and Kutlu CA
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- Humans, Male, Female, Gene Rearrangement, T-Lymphocyte, Leukocytes, Mononuclear, DNA Copy Number Variations, Thymus Gland, Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, T-Lymphocytes, Lung Transplantation
- Abstract
Background/aim: Lung transplantation is a life-saving procedure for patients with end-stage lung diseases. T-Cell receptor excision circle (TREC) is circular DNA produced during T-cell receptor gene rearrangement in the thymus and indicates naive T-cell migration from the thymus. Therefore, its levels represent thymic T-cell output. Post-transplant lymphocyte kinetics correlate with graft tolerance. The aim of this study was to investigate T-lymphocyte kinetics in the early recovery period after lung transplantation. For this purpose, copy numbers of TREC were determined in patients with a lung transplant. In addition, TREC copy numbers were evaluated according to age, diagnosis and the forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) of lung transplant patients., Materials and Methods: Peripheral blood samples were taken from patients aged 23 to 59 years who underwent lung transplantation at the Thoracic Surgery Clinic, Kartal-Koşuyolu High Specialization Educational and Research Hospital. This study included peripheral blood samples from 11 lung transplant patients (comprising four with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, three with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, one with cystic fibrosis, one with silicosis and two with bronchiectasis; three females in total). Samples were taken at three different timepoints: Before transplant, and 24 hours and 7 days post transplant. TREC copy numbers were analyzed with real time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction., Results: Post-transplant TREC numbers and density values were higher compared to pre-transplant values, although these differences were statistically insignificant. TREC copy numbers were found to be significantly higher in patients younger than 45 years compared to patients older than 45 years. At 24 hours after the transplant, the average TREC copy number/peripheral blood mononuclear cells of the cases with an FEV1 value of or below 50% was found to be statistically significantly higher than that of cases with an FEV1 value above 50% (p=0.046). There was no statistically significant difference in TREC copy numbers between male and female patients or by diagnostic group., Conclusion: TREC copy numbers can be evaluated as a prognostic marker for lung transplantation. There is a need for multicenter studies with more patients., (Copyright © 2023, International Institute of Anticancer Research (Dr. George J. Delinasios), All rights reserved.)
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- 2023
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17. Generation of a Beta-Cell Transplant Animal Model of Diabetes Using CRISPR Technology.
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Eksi YE, Bisgin A, Sanlioglu AD, Azizoglu RO, Balci MK, Griffith TS, and Sanlioglu S
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- Mice, Animals, Rats, Insulin genetics, Insulin metabolism, Animals, Genetically Modified, Models, Animal, Cell Transplantation methods, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 metabolism, Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental genetics, Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental therapy, Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental metabolism, Insulin-Secreting Cells metabolism
- Abstract
Since insulin deficiency results from pancreatic beta-cell destruction, all type 1 and most type 2 diabetes patients eventually require life-long insulin injections. Insulin gene synthesis could also be impaired due to insulin gene mutations as observed in diabetic patients with MODY 10. At this point, insulin gene therapy could be very effective to recompense insulin deficiency under these circumstances. For this reason, an HIV-based lentiviral vector carrying the insulin gene under the control of insulin promoter (LentiINS) was generated, and its therapeutic efficacy was tested in a beta-cell transplant model lacking insulin produced by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genetically engineered pancreatic beta cells. To generate an insulin knockout beta-cell transplant animal model of diabetes, a dual gene knockout plasmid system involving CRISPR/Cas9 was transfected into a mouse pancreatic beta cell line (Min6). Fluorescence microscopy and antibiotic selection were utilized to select the insulin gene knockout clones. Transplantation of the genetically engineered pancreatic beta cells under the kidney capsule of STZ-induced diabetic rats revealed LentiINS- but not LentiLacZ-infected Ins2KO cells transiently reduced hyperglycemia similar to that of MIN6 in diabetic animals. These results suggest LentiINS has the potential to functionally restore insulin production in an insulin knockout beta-cell transplant animal model of diabetes., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.)
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- 2023
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18. Identifying Clinical Characteristics of Hypoparathyroidism in Turkey: HIPOPARATURK-NET Study.
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Konca Degertekin C, Gogas Yavuz D, Pekkolay Z, Saygili E, Ugur K, Or Koca A, Unubol M, Topaloglu O, Aydogan BI, Ozdemir Kutbay N, Hekimsoy Z, Yilmaz N, Balci MK, Tanrikulu S, Aydogan Unsal Y, Ersoy C, Omma T, Keskin M, Yalcin MM, Yetkin I, Soylu H, Karakose M, Yilmaz M, Karakilic E, Piskinpasa H, Batman A, Akbaba G, Elbuken G, Tura Bahadir C, Kilinc F, Bilginer MC, Turhan Iyidir O, Canturk Z, Aktas Yilmaz B, Sayiner ZA, and Eroglu M
- Subjects
- Adult, Calcium, Female, Humans, Middle Aged, Parathyroid Hormone, Retrospective Studies, Turkey epidemiology, Hypocalcemia, Hypoparathyroidism epidemiology
- Abstract
Hypoparathyroidism is an orphan disease with ill-defined epidemiology that is subject to geographic variability. We conducted this study to assess the demographics, etiologic distribution, treatment patterns and complication frequency of patients with chronic hypoparathyroidism in Turkey. This is a retrospective, cross-sectional database study, with collaboration of 30 endocrinology centers located in 20 cities across seven geographical regions of Turkey. A total of 830 adults (mean age 49.6 ± 13.5 years; female 81.2%) with hypoparathyroidism (mean duration 9.7 ± 9.0 years) were included in the final analysis. Hypoparathyroidism was predominantly surgery-induced (n = 686, 82.6%). The insulting surgeries was carried out mostly due to benign causes in postsurgical group (SG) (n = 504, 73.5%) while patients in nonsurgical group (NSG) was most frequently classified as idiopathic (n = 103, 71.5%). The treatment was highly dependent on calcium salts (n = 771, 92.9%), calcitriol (n = 786, 94.7%) and to a lower extent cholecalciferol use (n = 635, 76.5%) while the rate of parathyroid hormone (n = 2, 0.2%) use was low. Serum calcium levels were most frequently kept in the normal range (sCa 8.5-10.5 mg/dL, n = 383, 46.1%) which might be higher than desired for this patient group. NSG had a lower mean plasma PTH concentration (6.42 ± 5.53 vs. 9.09 ± 7.08 ng/l, p < 0.0001), higher daily intake of elementary calcium (2038 ± 1214 vs. 1846 ± 1355 mg/day, p = 0.0193) and calcitriol (0.78 ± 0.39 vs. 0.69 ± 0.38 mcg/day, p = 0.0057), a higher rate of chronic renal disease (9.7% vs. 3.6%, p = 0.0017), epilepsy (6.3% vs. 1.6%, p = 0.0009), intracranial calcifications (11.8% vs. 7.3%, p < 0.0001) and cataracts (22.2% vs. 13.7%, p = 0.0096) compared to SG. In conclusion, postsurgical hypoparathyroidism is the dominant etiology of hypoparathyroidism in Turkey while the nonsurgical patients have a higher disease burden with greater need for medications and increased risk of complications than the postsurgical patients., (© 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)
- Published
- 2022
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19. Management of diabetic foot ulcers and the challenging points: An endocrine view.
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Doğruel H, Aydemir M, and Balci MK
- Abstract
Diabetic foot ulcers (DFU) are one of the most challenging complications of diabetes. Up to one-third of patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) may suffer from DFUs during their life. DFU is one of the leading causes of morbidity in patients with DM. The treatment period is challenging, and the recurrence rate of DFUs is high. Hence, establishing prevention strategies is the most important point to be emphasized. A multidisciplinary approach is necessary in the prevention and treatment of DFUs. Patients at risk should be identified, and prevention measures should be taken based on the risk category. Once a DFU is formed, the appropriate classification and evidence-based treatment interventions should be executed. Glycemic control, diagnosis and treatment of vascular disease, local wound care, diagnosis, and treatment of infection should be addressed along with the proper evaluation and management of general health status., Competing Interests: Conflict-of-interest statement: There is no conflict of interest., (©The Author(s) 2022. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2022
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20. EFFECTIVENESS OF UNILATERAL ADRENALECTOMY IN BILATERAL ADRENAL INCIDENTALOMA PATIENTS WITH SUBCLINICAL HYPERCORTISOLEMIA.
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Yilmaz N, Tazegul G, Sari R, Avsar E, Altunbas H, and Balci MK
- Abstract
Objective: Unilateral adrenalectomy (UA) is an alternative for treatment in bilateral adrenal incidentaloma (AI) to avoid possible long-term risks of bilateral adrenalectomy. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of UA in bilateral AI patients with subclinical hypercortisolemia (SH)., Method: A total of 35 patients were included in this study. The patients were divided into two groups; those who underwent UA (n=27) and patients without adrenalectomy (PWA) (n=8). Hormone tests related to cortisol mechanism were reviewed to analyze results at the time of diagnosis compared to the latest available results to figure out any changes in cortisol mechanism and determine whether SH has recovered or not., Results: Median age of PWA group were higher compared to UA group (p=0.03). Median duration of follow-up in groups were similar (p=0.3). In the PWA group, none of the patients recovered from hypercortisolemia during their follow-up. In UA group 92.6% of the patients went into remission, whereas during follow-up 3.3% had recurred and another 3.3% were found to have post-adrenalectomy persistent SH. Patients in UA group had lower final cortisol level following dexamethasone suppression (p=0.003) and higher final adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) levels (p=0.001) than patients in PWA group. In UA group, final basal cortisol level (p=0.009) and final cortisol level after 1 mg dexamethasone suppression test (DST) (p=0.004) were lower than corresponding levels at the time of diagnosis., Discussion: Our study demonstrates unilateral adrenalectomy targeting the side with the larger lesion is an effective approach to reduce excess cortisol levels in bilateral AI patients with SH., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest., (©2021 Acta Endocrinologica (Buc).)
- Published
- 2021
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21. Clinical Characteristics and Follow-Up Results of Adrenal Incidentaloma.
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Yilmaz N, Avsar E, Tazegul G, Sari R, Altunbas H, and Balci MK
- Subjects
- Adult, Aged, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Adrenal Gland Neoplasms pathology, Adrenal Gland Neoplasms physiopathology, Disease Progression, Outcome Assessment, Health Care
- Abstract
It is recommended that adrenal incidentaloma patients should be monitored for radiological changes, increase in size and new functionality that may occur in the future, even if they are benign and nonfunctional at the initial evaluation. Our aim is to evaluate the key clinical characteristics of adrenal incidentaloma patients focusing on changes during follow-up and associated clinical outcomes. A total of 755 patients (median age: 56 years), with an adrenal incidentaloma > 1 cm and underwent functionality tests, were included in the study. Clinical characteristics, functionality status and follow-up durations were recorded. During the course of follow-up, any changes in size and development of new functionality, and clinical consequences thereof were evaluated. In 71.8% of patients, incidentalomas were non-functional. Most frequent functionality (15.8%, n=119) was subclinical hypercortisolemia (SH) [10.9% (n=82) possible autonomous cortisol secretion (PACS) and 4.9% (n=37) autonomous cortisol secretion (ACS)] of all incidentalomas. Frequencies of Cushing's syndrome (CS), pheochromacytoma and primary hyperaldosteronism were 4.9% (n=37), 3.8% (n=29) and 3.7% (n=28), respectively. Adrenocortical carcinoma frequency was 1.5% (n=11). Of 755 patients, 43% (n=325) were followed up regularly more than 6 months. Median follow-up duration was 24 months (6-120). A total of 17 (5.2%) patients, which had non-functional incidentalomas at baseline had developed new functionality during follow-up, of which 15 (4.6%) were SH [13 patients (4%) PACS and 2 patients (0.6%) ACS] and 2 (0.6%) were CS. During follow-up, 24% (n=78) of the patients had an increase in mass size between 5-9 mm, while 11.7% (n=38) of the patients had an increase of ≥10 mm. During follow-up, 4% (n=13) of the patients developed a new lesion with a diameter ≥10 mm on the opposite side. In patients with a follow-up duration of more than 2 years, frequencies of size increase and new lesion emerging at the opposite adrenal gland were higher. 14 patients (4.3% of the patients with regular follow-up) underwent surgery due to increase in size or development of new functionality during follow-up. Our study demonstrated that a necessity for surgery may arise due to increase in size and development of functionality during follow-up period in adrenal incidentaloma patients, and thus continuing patient follow-up, even with wider intervals, will be appropriate., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest., (Thieme. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2021
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22. Lentiviral gene therapy vectors encoding VIP suppressed diabetes-related inflammation and augmented pancreatic beta-cell proliferation.
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Erendor F, Sahin EO, Sanlioglu AD, Balci MK, Griffith TS, and Sanlioglu S
- Subjects
- Animals, Cell Proliferation, Genetic Therapy, Inflammation therapy, Insulin, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 genetics, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 therapy, Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide genetics
- Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1DM) is an autoimmune condition in which the immune system attacks and destroys insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas leading to hyperglycemia. Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) manifests insulinotropic and anti-inflammatory properties, which are useful for the treatment of diabetes. Because of its limited half-life due to DPP-4-mediated degradation, constant infusions or multiple injections are needed to observe any therapeutic benefit. Since gene therapy has the potential to treat genetic diseases, an HIV-based lentiviral vector carrying VIP gene (LentiVIP) was generated to provide a stable VIP gene expression in vivo. The therapeutic efficacy of LentiVIP was tested in a multiple low-dose STZ-induced animal model of T1DM. LentiVIP delivery into diabetic animals reduced hyperglycemia, improved glucose tolerance, and prevented weight loss. Also, a decrease in serum CRP levels, and serum oxidant capacity, but an increase in antioxidant capacity were observed in LentiVIP-treated animals. Restoration of islet cell mass was correlated with an increase in pancreatic beta-cell proliferation. These beneficial results suggest the therapeutic effect of LentiVIP is due to the repression of diabetes-induced inflammation, its insulinotropic properties, and VIP-induced beta-cell proliferation.
- Published
- 2021
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23. COVID-19 pneumonia following double-sleeve lobectomy for lung cancer.
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Inanc Y, Olgac G, Balci MK, and Kutlu CA
- Subjects
- COVID-19 epidemiology, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Pneumonia, Viral diagnosis, Pneumonia, Viral virology, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, COVID-19 etiology, Lung Neoplasms surgery, Pneumonectomy adverse effects, Pneumonia, Viral etiology, RNA, Viral analysis, SARS-CoV-2 genetics
- Abstract
Here, we report a 54-year-old man who underwent double-sleeve left upper lobectomy for lung cancer and his postoperative course was complicated with COVID-19 pneumonia. Five days after his discharge from hospital, he was re-admitted with mild fever and bilateral multiple ground glass opacities on his chest CT. PCR testing confirmed COVID-19 infection and he was treated according to policies established by our nation's health authority. He is still receiving adjuvant chemotherapy and remains well at 3 months after the operation.
- Published
- 2021
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24. Lentivirus Mediated Pancreatic Beta-Cell-Specific Insulin Gene Therapy for STZ-Induced Diabetes.
- Author
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Erendor F, Eksi YE, Sahin EO, Balci MK, Griffith TS, and Sanlioglu S
- Subjects
- Animals, Biomarkers, Blood Glucose metabolism, Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental metabolism, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 metabolism, Disease Models, Animal, Gene Expression, Genetic Vectors administration & dosage, Glucose metabolism, Insulin metabolism, Rats, Rats, Wistar, Treatment Outcome, Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental genetics, Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental therapy, Genetic Therapy, Genetic Vectors genetics, Insulin genetics, Insulin-Secreting Cells metabolism, Lentivirus genetics
- Abstract
Autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells is the characteristic feature of type 1 diabetes mellitus. Consequently, both short- and intermediate-acting insulin analogs are under development to compensate for the lack of endogenous insulin gene expression. Basal insulin is continuously released at low levels in response to hepatic glucose output, while post-prandial insulin is secreted in response to hyperglycemia following a meal. As an alternative to multiple daily injections of insulin, glucose-regulated insulin gene expression by gene therapy is under development to better endure postprandial glucose excursions. Controlled transcription and translation of proinsulin, presence of glucose-sensing machinery, prohormone convertase expression, and a regulated secretory pathway are the key features unique to pancreatic beta cells. To take advantage of these hallmarks, we generated a new lentiviral vector (LentiINS) with an insulin promoter driving expression of the proinsulin encoding cDNA to sustain pancreatic beta-cell-specific insulin gene expression. Intraperitoneal delivery of HIV-based LentiINS resulted in the lowering of fasting plasma glucose, improved glucose tolerance and prevented weight loss in streptozoticin (STZ)-induced diabetic Wistar rats. However, the combinatorial use of LentiINS and anti-inflammatory lentiviral vector (LentiVIP) gene therapy was required to increase serum insulin to a level sufficient to suppress non-fasting plasma glucose and diabetes-related inflammation., (Copyright © 2020 The American Society of Gene and Cell Therapy. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2021
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25. Cytopathology-histopathology correlation and the effect of nodule diameter on diagnostic performance in patients undergoing thyroid fine-needle aspiration biopsy.
- Author
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Yilmaz N, Cansu GB, Toru S, Sari R, Ocak GG, Arici C, Altunbas HA, and Balci MK
- Subjects
- Adenocarcinoma, Follicular pathology, Adenocarcinoma, Follicular surgery, Adult, Biopsy, Fine-Needle statistics & numerical data, Clinical Decision-Making methods, False Negative Reactions, False Positive Reactions, Feasibility Studies, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Predictive Value of Tests, Retrospective Studies, Thyroid Cancer, Papillary pathology, Thyroid Cancer, Papillary surgery, Thyroid Gland surgery, Thyroid Neoplasms pathology, Thyroid Neoplasms surgery, Tumor Burden, Adenocarcinoma, Follicular diagnosis, Thyroid Cancer, Papillary diagnosis, Thyroid Gland pathology, Thyroid Neoplasms diagnosis, Thyroidectomy statistics & numerical data
- Abstract
Introduction: Although thyroid fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) is established to have a good overall sensitivity and specificity, various outcomes have been reported on its performance in large nodules. The aim of the study was to evaluate the diagnostic performance of FNAB and the effect of the nodule diameter on its diagnostic performance., Materials and Methods: The outcomes of a total of 7319 patients who underwent FNAB over the course of 5 years were analyzed retrospectively and 648 patients who had undergone post-FNAB thyroidectomy or lobectomy were included in the study. FNAB results were classified according to the Bethesda system. After evaluating the compatibility between cytology and pathology results, all-nodules and diameter-based (<4 cm and ≥4 cm) sensitivity, specificity, false positivity, false negativity, and accuracy rates of FNAB were calculated., Results: Sensitivity of FNAB was 85.4% for all nodules, 88.3% for nodules <4 cm, and 75.8% for nodules >4 cm (P < 0.001). Specificity was 58.4% for all nodules, 49.3% for nodules <4 cm, and 75.1% for nodules >4cm (P < 0.001). While false positivity was 41.6% for all nodules, it was 50.7% for nodules smaller than 4 cm and was 24.9% for nodules larger than 4 cm (P < 0.001). False negativity was 14.6% for all nodules and was 11.7% for nodules smaller than 4 cm and 24.2% for nodules larger than 4 cm (P < 0.001). Finally, among the entire set of nodules, the accuracy was 64.4%, which was 59.2% in nodules smaller than 4 cm, and 75.2% in nodules larger than 4 cm (P < 0.001)., Conclusion: Despite a higher rate of false negativity, FNAB has higher specificity and accuracy in large nodules than those in the small nodules. Nodule diameter should not be used alone as a criterion to recommend thyroidectomy to the patient., Competing Interests: None
- Published
- 2020
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26. Utilization of statins and LDL-cholesterol target attainment in Turkish patients with type 2 diabetes - a nationwide cross-sectional study (TEMD dyslipidemia study).
- Author
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Bayram F, Sonmez A, Haymana C, Sabuncu T, Dizdar OS, Gurkan E, Carlioglu AK, Agbaht K, Ozdemir D, Demirci I, Barcin C, Salman S, Tetiker T, Balci MK, Kebapci N, Ersoy C, Yumuk V, Toth PP, and Satman I
- Subjects
- Aged, Cross-Sectional Studies, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 blood, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 epidemiology, Dyslipidemias blood, Dyslipidemias epidemiology, Female, Glycated Hemoglobin genetics, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Surveys and Questionnaires, Tertiary Care Centers, Cholesterol, LDL blood, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 drug therapy, Dyslipidemias drug therapy, Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors therapeutic use
- Abstract
Background: Attaining acceptable levels of LDL Cholesterol (LDL-C) significantly improves cardiovascular (CV) outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The LDL-C target attainment and the characteristics of patients attaining these targets were investigated in this study. Furthermore, the reasons for not choosing statins and the physicians' attitudes on the treatment of diabetic dyslipidemia were also examined., Methods: A nationwide, cross-sectional survey was conducted in tertiary centers for diabetes management. Adult patients with T2DM, who were under follow-up for at least a year in outpatient clinics, were consecutively enrolled for the study. LDL-C goals were defined as below 70 mg/dL for patients with macrovascular complications or diabetic nephropathy, and below 100 mg/dL for other patients. Data about lipid-lowering medications were self-reported., Results: A total of 4504 patients (female: 58.6%) were enrolled for the study. The mean HbA1c and diabetes duration was 7.73 ± 1.74% and 10.9 ± 7.5 years, respectively. The need for statin treatment was 94.9% (n = 4262); however, only 42.4% (n = 1807) of these patients were under treatment, and only 24.8% (n = 448) of these patients achieved LDL-C targets. The main reason for statin discontinuation was negative media coverage (87.5%), while only a minority of patients (12.5%) mentioned side effects. Physicians initiated lipid-lowering therapy in only 20.3% of patients with high LDL-C levels. It was observed that the female gender was a significant independent predictor of not attaining LDL-C goals (OR: 0.70, 95% CI: 0.59-0.83)., Conclusions: Less than 50 % of patients with T2DM who need statins were under treatment, and only a quarter of them attained their LDL-C targets. There exists a significant gap between the guideline recommendations and the real-world evidence in the treatment of dyslipidemia in T2DM.
- Published
- 2020
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27. Development of therapeutic options on type 2 diabetes in years: Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist's role intreatment; from the past to future.
- Author
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Dogruel H and Balci MK
- Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by hypergly-cemia. Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) accounting for 90% of cases globally. The worldwide prevalence of DM is rising dramatically over the last decades, from 30 million cases in 1985 to 382 million cases in 2013. It's estimated that 451 million people had diabetes in 2017. As the pathophysiology was understood over the years, treatment options for diabetes increased. Incretin-based therapy is one of them. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA) not only significantly lower glucose level with minimal risk of hypoglycemia but also, they have an important advantage in themanagement of cardiovascular risk and obesity. Thus, we will review here GLP-1 RAsrole in the treatment of diabetes., Competing Interests: Conflict-of-interest statement: No potential conflicts of interest.
- Published
- 2019
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28. Diagnostic value of the late-night salivary cortisol in the diagnosis of clinical and subclinical Cushing's syndrome: results of a single-center 7-year experience.
- Author
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Yilmaz N, Tazegul G, Bozoglan H, Sari R, Ozdem S, Altunbas HA, and Balci MK
- Subjects
- Adrenal Gland Neoplasms metabolism, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, ROC Curve, Cushing Syndrome diagnosis, Cushing Syndrome metabolism, Hydrocortisone metabolism, Saliva metabolism
- Abstract
Late-night salivary cortisol (LNSaC) is an easy-to-use test reflecting the free cortisol level in the serum and does not require hospitalization. Controlled studies reported that LNSaC has a high sensitivity and specificity, but have not set a clearly defined cut-off value to be used in the diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of LNSaC in patients with clinical Cushing's syndrome (CCS) and subclinical Cushing's syndrome (SCS). The data of 543 patients, whose LNSaC levels were assessed using electrochemiluminescence immunoassay method, were retrospectively evaluated. The study included a total of 324 patients: 58 patients with CCS, 53 patients with SCS, and 213 patients without Cushing's syndrome (NoCS). The cause of the Cushing's syndrome was hypophyseal in 26 patients (45%), adrenal in 24 patients (41%), and ectopic in 8 patients (14%) in the CCS group. Median LNSaC levels were 0.724 (0.107-33) µg/dL in CCS group, 0.398 (0.16-1.02) µg/dL in SCS group, and 0.18 (0.043-0.481) µg/dL in NoCS group (p=0.001). Accordingly, LNSaC had 89.6% sensitivity and 81.6% specificity at a cut-off value of 0.288 µg/dL in the diagnosis of CCS; and had 80.7% sensitivity and 85.1% specificity at a cut-off value of 0.273 µg/dL in the diagnosis of SCS. In the present study, a lower sensitivity and specificity than previously reported was found for LNSaC in the diagnosis of CCS. Moreover, the diagnostic performance of LNSaC in patients with SCS was close to its diagnostic performance in patients with CCS. Each center should determine its own cut-off value based on the method adopted for LNSaC measurement, and apply that cut-off value in the diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© American Federation for Medical Research 2019. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)
- Published
- 2019
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29. Cystic lateral neck mass: Thyroid carcinoma metastasis to branchial cleft cyst.
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Tazegul G, Bozoğlan H, Doğan Ö, Sari R, Altunbaş HA, and Balci MK
- Subjects
- Adult, Carcinoma, Papillary pathology, Female, Humans, Thyroid Gland pathology, Thyroidectomy methods, Young Adult, Branchioma pathology, Head and Neck Neoplasms pathology, Thyroid Neoplasms pathology
- Abstract
Etiologies of lateral cervical masses are complex, most commonly these masses are branchial cleft cysts; however, metastatic thyroid carcinoma should be included in the differential. We report a case of lateral cystic neck mass in a 22-year-old female patient diagnosed as metastatic papillary thyroid carcinoma. The patient was diagnosed after she underwent surgery for branchial cleft cyst. The patient underwent thyroidectomy which revealed multifocal micropapillary thyroid carcinoma with capsular invasion and lymph node metastases. Radioactive iodine treatment was planned. Congenital malformations of the lateral neck may present themselves in the second and third decades of life. Ectopic thyroid tissue within a branchial cleft cyst may give rise to primary papillary carcinoma, as well as branchial cleft cyst may harbor metastases of primary thyroid papillary carcinoma. We classified our patient as a metastasis to the branchial cleft cyst rather than primary papillary carcinoma of the branchial cleft cyst., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest
- Published
- 2018
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30. Endoscopic-Powered Dacryocystorhinostomy Without Stenting: Long-term Outcomes of 120 Procedures.
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Ciğer E, Balci MK, Arslanoğlu S, and Eren E
- Subjects
- Adult, Aged, Endoscopy, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Lacrimal Apparatus pathology, Male, Middle Aged, Nasal Mucosa surgery, Retrospective Studies, Silicones, Stents, Time Factors, Treatment Outcome, Dacryocystorhinostomy methods, Lacrimal Apparatus surgery, Lacrimal Apparatus Diseases surgery, Surgical Flaps statistics & numerical data
- Abstract
Background The necessity of silicone stenting in endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) procedures is a controversial subject in the literature. Objective The purpose of the present study is to assess the long-term anatomical and functional outcomes of endoscopic-powered DCR (EP-DCR) without stenting or mucosal flaps. Methods One hundred twenty EP-DCR procedures were performed in 107 patients. Anatomical success was defined as a patent ostium on irrigation and functional success as free flow of dye from the ostium and resolution of epiphora. Results The mean follow-up was 46.5 months (range: 24-87). Of the 120 procedures, 13 were bilateral and 94 were unilateral. Anatomical and functional success rates of 92.5% were obtained. Conclusion EP-DCR without stenting is a safe and economic technique that provides satisfactory long-term results and could be considered as the treatment of choice for patients with postsaccal nasolacrimal duct obstruction.
- Published
- 2018
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31. Therapeutic Potential of Lentivirus-Mediated Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Gene Therapy for Diabetes.
- Author
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Tasyurek HM, Altunbas HA, Balci MK, Griffith TS, and Sanlioglu S
- Subjects
- Animals, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 genetics, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 pathology, Disease Models, Animal, Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 administration & dosage, Humans, Incretins metabolism, Insulin metabolism, Islets of Langerhans metabolism, Islets of Langerhans pathology, Lentivirus genetics, Obesity genetics, Obesity pathology, Rats, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 therapy, Genetic Therapy, Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 genetics, Glucose metabolism
- Abstract
Postprandial glucose-induced insulin secretion from the islets of Langerhans is facilitated by glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1)-a metabolic hormone with insulinotropic properties. Among the variety of effects it mediates, GLP-1 induces delta cell secretion of somatostatin, inhibits alpha cell release of glucagon, reduces gastric emptying, and slows food intake. These events collectively contribute to weight loss over time. During type 2 diabetes (T2DM), however, the incretin response to glucose is reduced and accompanied by a moderate reduction in GLP-1 secretion. To compensate for the reduced incretin effect, a human immunodeficiency virus-based lentiviral vector was generated to deliver DNA encoding human GLP-1 (LentiGLP-1), and the anti-diabetic efficacy of LentiGLP-1 was tested in a high-fat diet/streptozotocin-induced model of T2DM. Therapeutic administration of LentiGLP-1 reduced blood glucose levels in obese diabetic Sprague Dawley rats, along with improving insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance. Normoglycemia was correlated with increased blood GLP-1 and pancreatic beta cell regeneration in LentiGLP-1-treated rats. Plasma triglyceride levels were also normalized after LentiGLP-1 injection. Collectively, these data suggest the clinical potential of GLP-1 gene transfer therapy for the treatment of T2DM.
- Published
- 2018
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32. HIV-based lentivirus-mediated vasoactive intestinal peptide gene delivery protects against DIO animal model of Type 2 diabetes.
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Tasyurek HM, Eksi YE, Sanlioglu AD, Altunbas HA, Balci MK, Griffith TS, and Sanlioglu S
- Subjects
- Animals, Blood Glucose metabolism, Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental genetics, Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental metabolism, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 genetics, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 prevention & control, Diet, High-Fat, Disease Models, Animal, Gene Transfer Techniques, Glucose metabolism, Glucose Intolerance, Hep G2 Cells, Humans, Insulin metabolism, Insulin Resistance physiology, Insulin-Secreting Cells metabolism, Lentivirus genetics, Lentivirus metabolism, Mice, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Obesity metabolism, Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide administration & dosage, Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide biosynthesis, Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental therapy, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 therapy, Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide genetics
- Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterised by insulin resistance, glucose intolerance and beta cell loss leading to hyperglycemia. Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) has been regarded as a novel therapeutic agent for the treatment of T2DM because of its insulinotropic and anti-inflammatory properties. Despite these beneficial properties, VIP is extremely sensitive to peptidases (DPP-4) requiring constant infusion or multiple injections to observe any therapeutic benefit. Thus, we constructed an HIV-based lentiviral vector encoding human VIP (LentiVIP) to test the therapeutic efficacy of VIP peptide in a diet-induced obesity (DIO) animal model of T2DM. VIP gene expression was shown by immunocytochemistry (ICC) and VIP peptide secretion was confirmed by ELISA both in HepG2 liver and MIN6 pancreatic beta cell lines. Functional properties of VIP were demonstrated by cAMP production assay and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion test (GSIS). Intraperitoneal (IP) delivery of LentiVIP vectors into mice significantly increased serum VIP concentrations compared to control mice. Most importantly, LentiVIP delivery in DIO animal model of T2DM resulted in improved insulin sensitivity, glucose tolerance and protection against STZ-induced diabetes in addition to reduction in serum triglyceride/cholesterol levels. Collectively, these data suggest LentiVIP delivery should be evaluated as an experimental therapeutic approach for the treatment of T2DM.
- Published
- 2018
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33. Bone metastases without primary tumor: A well-differentiated follicular thyroid carcinoma case.
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Boz A, Tazegul G, Bozoglan H, Dogan O, Sari R, Altunbas HA, Arici C, Ocak GA, and Balci MK
- Subjects
- Adenocarcinoma, Follicular diagnostic imaging, Adenocarcinoma, Follicular pathology, Aged, Female, Humans, Immunohistochemistry, Neoplasm Grading, Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography, Radiography, Thoracic, Bone Neoplasms diagnosis, Bone Neoplasms secondary
- Abstract
Metastases to the bone are the most common malignant bone tumors. Prostate, breast, and lung carcinomas are the most common primaries of bone metastases. Bone metastases show poor prognosis in means of median survival; however, some patients with highly curable tumors such as thyroid carcinoma may benefit from treatment. We report and discuss a unique case of a 70-year-old female patient presenting with arm pain, diagnosed with metastatic well-differentiated follicular carcinoma without a primary tumor in the thyroid., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest.
- Published
- 2018
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34. Oki stent application in different indications: Six cases.
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Özgül MA, Çetinkaya E, Çörtük M, Tanrıverdi E, Yıldırım BZ, Balci MK, Issaka A, and Özgül G
- Subjects
- Adult, Airway Obstruction diagnosis, Airway Obstruction etiology, Aorta, Thoracic abnormalities, Bronchial Fistula complications, Bronchial Fistula diagnosis, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Middle Aged, Prosthesis Design, Radiography, Thoracic, Retrospective Studies, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, Vascular Malformations complications, Vascular Malformations diagnosis, Airway Obstruction surgery, Bronchoscopy methods, Stents, Thoracic Surgical Procedures methods
- Abstract
Introduction: We have used Oki stents for a number of different indications. After discovering that there are limited reports in the literature on these stents, we were motivated to share our experiences in Oki stenting., Objectives: While there is vast knowledge on double Y-stents, the Oki stent is a relatively recent development in pulmonology. Here, we demonstrate that stenting of the right secondary carina using an Oki stent should be considered for obstructions in this region., Methods: We placed 13 mm × 10 mm × 9 mm Oki stents in six patients under general anesthesia via rigid bronchoscopy., Results: Three cases were post-transplant patients with malacia, stenosis, and bronchopleural fistula. One case had an airway obstruction due to malignant disease, another case had a right aortic arc and aberrant left subclavian artery anomaly, and the final case had bronchopleural fistula. No serious complications were observed during stent placement., Conclusions: Oki stents can safely be used for many clinical conditions. Patients benefit greatly from stenting; however, two of our cases died due to infection, and one case died due to malignancy., (© 2016 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
- Published
- 2018
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35. Incidence of Early Acute Kidney Injury in Lung Transplant Patients: A Single-Center Experience.
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Balci MK, Vayvada M, Salturk C, Kutlu CA, and Ari E
- Subjects
- Adult, Creatinine metabolism, Critical Care statistics & numerical data, Female, Humans, Immunosuppressive Agents therapeutic use, Length of Stay statistics & numerical data, Male, Middle Aged, Odds Ratio, Respiration, Artificial statistics & numerical data, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors, Time Factors, Acute Kidney Injury etiology, Lung Transplantation adverse effects
- Abstract
Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication in the early period of lung transplantation (LTx). We aimed to describe the incidence and perioperative risk factors associated with AKI following LTx., Methods: Clinical data of 30 patients who underwent LTx were retrospectively reviewed. Primary outcomes were development of AKI and patient mortality within 30 postoperative days. Postoperative AKI is determined based on creatinine criteria from Acute Kidney Injury Network (AKIN) classification. Secondary outcomes included the association between AKI and demographic and clinical parameters of patients and treatment modalities in the pre- and postoperative periods., Results: Of the 30 LTx recipients included, AKI occurred in 16 patients (53.4%) within the first 30 days. Length of intensive care unit (P = .06) and hospital stay (P = .008) and mechanical ventilation duration (P = .03) were significantly higher in patients with AKI compared with patients without AKI. Factors independently associated with AKI were intraoperative hypotension (odds ratio [OR] 0.500; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.145 to 26.412, P = .02), longer duration of mechanical ventilation (OR 1.204; 95% CI 0.870 to 1.665, P = .03), and systemic infection (OR 8.067; 95% CI 1.538 to 42.318, P = .014) in the postoperative period. Short-term mortality was similar in patients with and patients without AKI., Conclusion: By the AKIN definition, AKI occurred in half of the patients following LTx. Several variables including intraoperative hypotension, longer duration of mechanical ventilation, and systemic infection in the postoperative period independently predict AKI in LTx recipients., (Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2017
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36. Osteoporosis in Lung Transplantation Candidates: Association With 6-minute Walking Test and Body Mass Index.
- Author
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Balci MK, Ari E, Vayvada M, Salturk C, Asicioglu E, Yeginsu A, and Kutlu CA
- Subjects
- Absorptiometry, Photon, Adult, Aged, Body Mass Index, Bone Density, Bone Diseases, Metabolic diagnosis, Bone Diseases, Metabolic epidemiology, Female, Humans, Lung Diseases surgery, Male, Middle Aged, Odds Ratio, Osteoporosis epidemiology, Prevalence, Risk Factors, Walking, Bone Diseases, Metabolic complications, Lung Diseases complications, Lung Transplantation adverse effects, Osteoporosis complications, Osteoporosis diagnosis, Respiratory Function Tests
- Abstract
Background: Osteoporosis is a well-recognized complication in lung transplantation because of steroid use and immobilization. The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of osteoporosis and risk factors associated with osteoporosis in lung transplantation candidates., Methods: The bone mineral density of 174 patients with various end-stage lung diseases was assessed at the pretransplantation period. Osteoporosis risk factors were analyzed with the consideration to principal diagnosis, demographic, and clinical parameters of lung disease, lung function tests and mobility test (6-minute walking test). A multivariate analysis was conducted to determine various demographic and clinical risk factors associated with bone mass loss in the pretransplant period., Results: The prevalence of osteoporosis and osteopenia was 46% and 35%, respectively, in the study population. Osteoporotic patients have lower body mass index and lower 6-minute walking distance than patients without osteoporosis. In addition, they have higher pulmonary artery pressure and history of noninvasive mechanical ventilation than in patients without osteoporosis. There was a significant negative correlation between the 6-minute walking test, body mass index, and the presence of osteoporosis in the study population. Multivariate logistic regression analysis confirmed that 6-minute walking test (odds ratio, 0.996) and body mass index (odds ratio, 0.847) were significantly and negatively correlated with the presence of osteoporosis., Conclusions: A significant proportion of patients with end-stage lung diseases have osteopenia or osteoporosis pretransplantation. This is the first study to demonstrate that 6-minute walking distance and bone mineral density independently predict osteoporosis in lung transplant candidates., (Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2016
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37. Differential actıvation and expression of insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) in mononuclear cells of type 2 diabetes patients after insulin stimulation.
- Author
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Gorgisen G, Balci MK, Celik FC, Gokkaya M, Ozdem S, Ozel D, and Ozes ON
- Subjects
- Adult, Amino Acid Motifs, Body Mass Index, Female, Humans, Immunoprecipitation, Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins genetics, Insulin Resistance, Leukocytes, Mononuclear cytology, Male, Middle Aged, Phosphorylation, src Homology Domains, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 drug therapy, Insulin therapeutic use, Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins metabolism, Leukocytes, Mononuclear metabolism
- Abstract
Insulin regulates the glucose homeostasis by inducing tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate (IRS) proteins. IRS1 is the best studied member of this family and insulin-induced Tyrosine phosphorylation of (YXXM) motifs provides docking site for SH2 domain-containing proteins. Recent studies have suggested that genetic and/or environmental factors may affect the expression and phosphorylation levels of IRS1, and these could be important for development of insulin resistance. To shed light to the molecular basis of type 2 diabetes we wanted to determine whether YXXM motifs are genetically modified in these patients. We have isolated mononuclear cells of eighteen type 2 diabetes patients and prepared genomic DNA and protein lysates from these cells. The genomic DNA was used to sequence IRS1 gene, and protein lysates were used to determine the expression and phosphotyrosine levels of IRS1 after insulin stimulation. Although, we did not detect any mutations at/or near the YXXM coding regions in patients' DNA, immunprecipitation analysis of IRS1 indicated decreased levels of expression and tyrosine phosphorylation of IRS1 in patient's samples compared to that of healthy controls. Our results suggest that mononuclear cells of patients can be used to test the levels of insulin responsiveness before therapy.
- Published
- 2016
38. Correlation of computed tomography, echo-planar diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging and surgical outcomes in middle ear cholesteatoma.
- Author
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Songu M, Altay C, Onal K, Arslanoglu S, Balci MK, Ucar M, Ciger E, and Kopar A
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Cholesteatoma, Middle Ear surgery, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Prospective Studies, ROC Curve, Reproducibility of Results, Young Adult, Cholesteatoma, Middle Ear diagnosis, Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging methods, Otologic Surgical Procedures methods, Tomography, X-Ray Computed methods
- Abstract
Conclusion: Echo-planar diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW MRI) is more reliable than high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) in predicting the presence and localization of cholesteatoma before tympanomastoid surgery., Objectives: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of HRCT and echo-planar DW MRI in the detection and localization of cholesteatoma., Methods: Fifty-nine patients were prospectively included in this study. Patients with suspected primary cholesteatoma were evaluated by HRCT and echo-planar DW MRI before tympanomastoid surgery. Radiological findings were correlated with intraoperative findings., Results: HRCT and echo-planar DW MRI accurately predicted the presence or absence of cholesteatoma in 40/59 (67.8%) and 52/59 (88.1%) patients, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of HRCT were 68.97%, 66.67%, 66.67%, and 68.97%, respectively. However, sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of echo-planar DW MRI were 85.71%, 90.32%, 88.89%, and 87.50%, respectively.
- Published
- 2015
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39. Insulin degludec improves long-term glycaemic control similarly to insulin glargine but with fewer hypoglycaemic episodes in patients with advanced type 2 diabetes on basal-bolus insulin therapy.
- Author
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Hollander P, King AB, Del Prato S, Sreenan S, Balci MK, Muñoz-Torres M, Rosenstock J, Hansen CT, Niemeyer M, and Garber AJ
- Subjects
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 blood, Drug Administration Schedule, Drug Therapy, Combination, Humans, Hypoglycemia chemically induced, Hypoglycemic Agents adverse effects, Insulin, Long-Acting adverse effects, Treatment Outcome, Blood Glucose drug effects, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 drug therapy, Glycated Hemoglobin drug effects, Hypoglycemia prevention & control, Hypoglycemic Agents administration & dosage, Insulin, Long-Acting administration & dosage
- Abstract
The aim of the present study was to compare the long-term safety and efficacy of insulin degludec with those of insulin glargine in patients with advanced type 2 diabetes (T2D) over 78 weeks (the 52-week main trial and a 26-week extension). Patients were randomized to once-daily insulin degludec or insulin glargine, with mealtime insulin aspart ± metformin ± pioglitazone, and titrated to pre-breakfast plasma glucose values of 3.9-4.9 mmol/l (70-88 mg/dl). After 78 weeks, the overall rate of hypoglycaemia was 24% lower (p = 0.011) and the rate of nocturnal hypoglycaemia was 31% lower (p = 0.016) with insulin degludec in the extension trial set, while both groups of patients achieved similar glycaemic control. Rates of adverse events and total insulin doses were similar for both groups in the safety analysis set. During 18 months of treatment, insulin degludec + mealtime insulin aspart ± oral antidiabetic drugs in patients with T2D improves glycaemic control similarly, but confers lower risks of overall and nocturnal hypoglycaemia than with insulin glargine treatment., (© 2014 The Authors. Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
- Published
- 2015
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40. Incretins: their physiology and application in the treatment of diabetes mellitus.
- Author
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Tasyurek HM, Altunbas HA, Balci MK, and Sanlioglu S
- Subjects
- Animals, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 physiopathology, Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 metabolism, Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors adverse effects, Exenatide, Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide biosynthesis, Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide physiology, Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 biosynthesis, Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 physiology, Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 therapeutic use, Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor, Glycated Hemoglobin metabolism, Humans, Incretins adverse effects, Insulin metabolism, Insulin Glargine, Insulin Secretion, Insulin, Long-Acting therapeutic use, Insulin-Secreting Cells drug effects, Insulin-Secreting Cells physiology, Peptides therapeutic use, Receptors, Glucagon agonists, Receptors, Glucagon drug effects, Venoms therapeutic use, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 drug therapy, Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors therapeutic use, Hypoglycemic Agents therapeutic use, Incretins physiology, Incretins therapeutic use
- Abstract
Therapies targeting the action of incretin hormones have been under close scrutiny in recent years. The incretin effect has been defined as postprandial enhancement of insulin secretion by gut-derived factors. Likewise, incretin mimetics and incretin effect amplifiers are the two different incretin-based treatment strategies developed for the treatment of diabetes. Although, incretin mimetics produce effects very similar to those of natural incretin hormones, incretin effect amplifiers act by inhibiting dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) enzyme to increase plasma concentration of incretins and their biologic effects. Because glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is an incretin hormone with various anti-diabetic actions including stimulation of glucose-induced insulin secretion, inhibition of glucagon secretion, hepatic glucose production and gastric emptying, it has been evaluated as a novel therapeutic agent for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). GLP-1 also manifests trophic effects on pancreas such as pancreatic beta cell growth and differentiation. Because DPP-4 is the enzyme responsible for the inactivation of GLP-1, DPP-4 inhibition represents another potential strategy to increase plasma concentration of GLP-1 to enhance the incretin effect. Thus, anti-diabetic properties of these two classes of drugs have stimulated substantial clinical interest in the potential of incretin-based therapeutic agents as a means to control glucose homeostasis in T2DM patients. Despite this fact, clinical use of GLP-1 mimetics and DPP-4 inhibitors have raised substantial concerns owing to possible side effects of the treatments involving increased risk for pancreatitis, and C-cell adenoma/carcinoma. Thus, controversial issues in incretin-based therapies under development are reviewed and discussed in this manuscript., (Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.)
- Published
- 2014
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41. The safety of beta-blocker use in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients with respiratory failure in the intensive care unit.
- Author
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Kargin F, Takir HB, Salturk C, Goksenoglu NC, Karabay CY, Mocin OY, Adiguzel N, Gungor G, Balci MK, Yalcinsoy M, Kargin R, and Karakurt Z
- Abstract
Background: The safety of beta-blockers as a heart rate-limiting drug (HRLD) in patients with acute respiratory failure (ARF) due to chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD) has not been properly assessed in the intensive care unit (ICU) setting. This study aims to compare the use of beta-blocker drugs relative to non-beta-blocker ones in COPD patients with ARF due to heart rate-limiting with respect to length of ICU stay and mortality., Methods: We performed a retrospective (January 2011-December 2012) case-control study in a level III ICU in a teaching hospital. It was carried out in a closed ICU by the same intensivists. All COPD patients with ARF who were treated with beta-blockers (case group) and non-beta-blocker HRLDs (control group) were included. Their demographics, reason for HRLD, cause of ARF, comorbidities, ICU data including acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE II) score, type of ventilation, heart rate, and lengths of ICU and hospital stays were collected. The mortality rates in the ICU, the hospital, and over 30 days were also recorded., Results: We enrolled 188 patients (46 female, n = 74 and n = 114 for the case and control groups, respectively). Reasons for HRLD (case and control group, respectively) were atrial fibrillation (AF, 23% and 50%), and supraventricular tachycardia (SVT, 41.9% and 54.4%). Patients' characteristics, APACHE II score, heart rate, duration and type of ventilation, and median length of ICU-hospital stay were similar between the groups. The mortality outcomes in the ICU, hospital, and 30 days after discharge in the case and control groups were 17.6% versus 15.8% (p > 0.75); 18.9% versus 19.3% (p > 0.95) and 20% versus 11% (p > 0.47), respectively., Conclusions: Our results suggest that beta-blocker use for heart rate control in COPD patients with ARF is associated with similar ICU stay length and mortality compared with COPD patients treated with other HRLDs.
- Published
- 2014
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42. The 6-minute walk test in chronic respiratory failure: does observed or predicted walk distance better reflect patient functional status?
- Author
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Güngör G, Karakurt Z, Adigüzel N, Aydin RE, Balci MK, Saltürk C, Sancar R, Solmaz S, and Moçin ÖY
- Subjects
- Adult, Aged, Blood Gas Analysis, Body Mass Index, Chronic Disease, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Kyphosis complications, Lung Diseases, Interstitial complications, Male, Middle Aged, Noninvasive Ventilation, Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome complications, Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome physiopathology, Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive complications, Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive physiopathology, Respiratory Insufficiency etiology, Respiratory Insufficiency therapy, Scoliosis complications, Spirometry, Exercise Test, Respiratory Insufficiency physiopathology, Walking physiology
- Abstract
Background: Acquiring 6-min walk test (6MWT) data from patients undergoing noninvasive mechanical ventilation due to chronic hypercapnic respiratory failure is limited. We aimed to assess whether the actual 6-min walk distance (6MWD) or the percent predicted 6MWD is a better reflection of the respiratory function of patients using home noninvasive ventilation (NIV) due to chronic hypercapnic respiratory failure., Methods: This was a cross-sectional observational study. The 6MWT was performed in subjects using home NIV. Diagnoses were grouped as COPD, obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS), kyphoscoliosis, and parenchymal lung disease. Sex, age, and body mass index (BMI) were used to calculate ideal 6MWD. Male: 1,140 m - (5.61 × BMI) - (6.94 × age), and subtract 153 m for the lower limit of normal. Female: 1,017 m - (6.24 × BMI) - (5.83 × age), and subtract 139 m for the lower limit of normal. The 6MWD and percent-of-predicted 6MWD were compared relative to arterial blood gas, spirometry values, and diagnosis., Results: The 6MWT was performed in 144 subjects, median (IQR) age 62 y (55-71 y). The male/female ratio, median (IQR) 6MWD, and percent-of-predicted 6MWD values were: COPD 32/6, 316 m (226-390 m), and 59.4% (42.5-68.9%); OHS 24/28, 303 m (240-362 m), and 73.0% (63.0-82.0%); kyphoscoliosis 16/7, 420 m (318-462 m), and 70.5% (56.0-75.2%); and parenchymal lung disease 19/12, 333 m (273-372 m), and 67.1% (46.7-74.7%). The correlation of percent-of-predicted 6MWD with spirometry and arterial blood gas values were better than with the actual 6MWD., Conclusions: The percent-of-predicted 6MWD was better correlated with respiratory function than actual 6MWD for subjects using home NIV due to chronic hypercapnic respiratory failure with COPD, OHS, kyphoscoliosis, and parenchymal lung disease.
- Published
- 2013
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43. Clinical utility of insulin and insulin analogs.
- Author
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Sanlioglu AD, Altunbas HA, Balci MK, Griffith TS, and Sanlioglu S
- Subjects
- Animals, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 blood, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 complications, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 metabolism, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 blood, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 complications, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 metabolism, Drug Monitoring, Humans, Hyperglycemia prevention & control, Hypoglycemic Agents administration & dosage, Hypoglycemic Agents chemistry, Hypoglycemic Agents metabolism, Insulin administration & dosage, Insulin analogs & derivatives, Insulin metabolism, Insulin, Regular, Human administration & dosage, Insulin, Regular, Human analogs & derivatives, Insulin, Regular, Human genetics, Insulin, Regular, Human therapeutic use, Recombinant Proteins administration & dosage, Recombinant Proteins chemistry, Recombinant Proteins therapeutic use, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 drug therapy, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 drug therapy, Diabetic Angiopathies prevention & control, Evidence-Based Medicine, Hypoglycemic Agents therapeutic use, Insulin therapeutic use
- Abstract
Diabetes is a pandemic disease characterized by autoimmune, genetic and metabolic abnormalities. While insulin deficiency manifested as hyperglycemia is a common sequel of both Type-1 and Type-2 diabetes (T1DM and T2DM), it does not result from a single genetic defect--rather insulin deficiency results from the functional loss of pancreatic β cells due to multifactorial mechanisms. Since pancreatic β cells of patients with T1DM are destroyed by autoimmune reaction, these patients require daily insulin injections. Insulin resistance followed by β cell dysfunction and β cell loss is the characteristics of T2DM. Therefore, most patients with T2DM will require insulin treatment due to eventual loss of insulin secretion. Despite the evidence of early insulin treatment lowering macrovascular (coronary artery disease, peripheral arterial disease and stroke) and microvascular (diabetic nephropathy, neuropathy and retinopathy) complications of T2DM, controversy exists among physicians on how to initiate and intensify insulin therapy. The slow acting nature of regular human insulin makes its use ineffective in counteracting postprandial hyperglycemia. Instead, recombinant insulin analogs have been generated with a variable degree of specificity and action. Due to the metabolic variability among individuals, optimum blood glucose management is a formidable task to accomplish despite the presence of novel insulin analogs. In this article, we present a recent update on insulin analog structure and function with an overview of the evidence on the various insulin regimens clinically used to treat diabetes.
- Published
- 2013
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44. Insulin gene therapy from design to beta cell generation.
- Author
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Sanlioglu AD, Altunbas HA, Balci MK, Griffith TS, and Sanlioglu S
- Subjects
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 therapy, Gene Expression Regulation, Humans, Insulin metabolism, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 genetics, Genetic Therapy, Insulin genetics, Insulin-Secreting Cells metabolism
- Abstract
Despite the fact that insulin injection can protect diabetic patients from developing diabetes-related complications, recent meta-analyses indicate that rapid and long-acting insulin analogues only provide a limited benefit compared with conventional insulin regarding glycemic control. As insulin deficiency is the main sequel of type-1 diabetes (T1D), transfer of the insulin gene-by-gene therapy is becoming an attractive treatment modality even though T1D is not caused by a single genetic defect. In contrast to human insulin and insulin analogues, insulin gene therapy targets to supplement patients not only with insulin but also with C-peptide. So far, insulin gene therapy has had limited success because of delayed and/or transient gene expression. Sustained insulin gene expression is now feasible using current gene-therapy vectors providing patients with basal insulin coverage, but management of postprandial hyperglycaemia is still difficult to accomplish because of the inability to properly control insulin secretion. Enteroendocrine cells of the gastrointestinal track (K cells and L cells) may be ideal targets for insulin gene therapy, but cell-targeting difficulties have limited practical implementation of insulin gene therapy for diabetes treatment. Therefore, recent gene transfer technologies developed to generate authentic beta cells through transdifferentiation are also highlighted in this review.
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Therapeutic potential of VIP vs PACAP in diabetes.
- Author
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Sanlioglu AD, Karacay B, Balci MK, Griffith TS, and Sanlioglu S
- Subjects
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 drug therapy, Humans, Insulin-Secreting Cells drug effects, Insulin-Secreting Cells metabolism, Diabetes Mellitus drug therapy, Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide therapeutic use, Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide therapeutic use
- Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is characterized by chronic insulin resistance and a progressive decline in beta-cell function. Although rigorous glucose control can reduce morbidity and mortality associated with diabetes, achieving optimal long-term glycemic control remains to be accomplished in many diabetic patients. As beta-cell mass and function inevitably decline in T2D, exogenous insulin administration is almost unavoidable as a final outcome despite the use of oral antihyperglycemic agents in many diabetic patients. Pancreatic islet cell death, but not the defect in new islet formation or beta-cell replication, has been blamed for the decrease in beta-cell mass observed in T2D patients. Thus, therapeutic approaches designed to protect islet cells from apoptosis could significantly improve the management of T2D, because of its potential to reverse diabetes not just ameliorate glycemia. Therefore, an ideal beta-cell-preserving agent is expected to protect beta cells from apoptosis and stimulate postprandial insulin secretion along with increasing beta-cell replication and/or islet neogenesis. One such potential agent, the islet endocrine neuropeptide vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) strongly stimulates postprandial insulin secretion. Because of its broad spectrum of biological functions such as acting as a potent anti-inflammatory factor through suppression of Th1 immune response, and induction of immune tolerance via regulatory T cells, VIP has emerged as a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of many autoimmune diseases including diabetes.
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. TRAIL and DcR1 expressions are differentially regulated in the pancreatic islets of STZ- versus CY-applied NOD mice.
- Author
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Dirice E, Kahraman S, Elpek GO, Aydin C, Balci MK, Omer A, Sanlioglu S, and Sanlioglu AD
- Subjects
- Animals, Cyclophosphamide toxicity, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 chemically induced, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 pathology, Female, Immunohistochemistry, Islets of Langerhans drug effects, Islets of Langerhans pathology, Mice, Mice, Inbred NOD, Streptozocin toxicity, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 metabolism, Islets of Langerhans metabolism, Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Member 10c metabolism, TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand metabolism
- Abstract
TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is an important component of the immune system. Although it is well acknowledged that it also has an important role in Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) development, this presumed role has not yet been clearly revealed. Streptozotocin (STZ) and Cyclophosphamide (CY) are frequently used agents for establishment or acceleration of T1D disease in experimental models, including the non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice. Although such disease models are very suitable for diabetes research, different expression patterns for various T1D-related molecules may be expected, depending on the action mechanism of the applied agent. We accelerated diabetes in female NOD mice using STZ or CY and analyzed the expression profiles of TRAIL ligand and receptors throughout disease development. TRAIL ligand expression followed a completely different pattern in STZ- versus CY-accelerated disease, displaying a prominent increase in the former, while appearing at reduced levels in the latter. Decoy receptor 1 (DcR1) expression also increased significantly in the pancreatic islets in STZ-induced disease. Specific increases observed in TRAIL ligand and DcR1 expressions may be part of a defensive strategy of the beta islets against the infiltrating leukocytes, while the immune-suppressive agent CY may partly hold down this defense, contributing further to diabetes development., (Copyright © 2011 Ercument Dirice et al.)
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. The relationship between plasma leptin levels and chronic complication in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
- Author
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Sari R, Balci MK, and Apaydin C
- Subjects
- Adult, Aged, Body Mass Index, Case-Control Studies, Chronic Disease, Diabetes Complications epidemiology, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 epidemiology, Diabetic Nephropathies blood, Diabetic Nephropathies epidemiology, Diabetic Retinopathy blood, Diabetic Retinopathy epidemiology, Female, Glycated Hemoglobin analysis, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Obesity blood, Obesity complications, Obesity epidemiology, Diabetes Complications blood, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 blood, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 complications, Leptin blood
- Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between plasma leptin levels and the chronic complications in type 2 diabetic (T2DM) patients., Patients and Methods: There were 157 T2DM patients (age, 56.7 ± 11.4 years; mean diabetes duration, 8.9 ± 3.6 years; mean body mass index, 28.1 ± 4.3 kg/m(2)) included to the study. Microvascular and macrovascular complications of diabetes were evaluated in all patients. There were 46 healthy subjects as control group. Plasma leptin levels were measured in both diabetic and healthy subjects., Results: Plasma leptin levels of the diabetic patients were not significantly different from the healthy subjects (26.4 ± 18.2 vs. 29.1 ± 13.1 ng/mL, P > 0.05). Plasma leptin levels in obese diabetic patients were higher than in nonobese (37.6 ± 20.9 vs. 20.0 ± 17.2 ng/mL, P = 0.001); in hypertensive diabetic patients than normotensive (35.2 ± 19.3 vs. 19.4 ± 13.9 ng/mL, P < 0.001); dyslipidemic diabetic patients than normolipidemic diabetic subjects (38.5 ± 18.3 vs. 31.3 ± 19.5 ng/mL, P = 0.038); diabetic patients with metabolic syndrome than diabetic patients without metabolic syndrome (37.9 ± 20.1 vs. 23.2 ± 15.3 ng/mL, P = 0.001). Plasma leptin levels were lower in diabetic patients who were smokers than nonsmokers (20.0 ± 15.5 vs. 24.7 ± 17.4 ng/mL, P = 0.023). There was no significant difference between patients with and without diabetic nephropathy, retinopathy, neuropathy, coronary artery disease or peripheral vascular disease (P > 0.05)., Conclusions: Our data suggest that obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and metabolic syndrome in T2DM were associated with increased plasma leptin levels. We conclude that plasma leptin levels may not be strongly associated with microangiopathy and macroangiopathy in T2DM individuals.
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. The metabolic profile in patients with skin tags.
- Author
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Sari R, Akman A, Alpsoy E, and Balci MK
- Subjects
- Adult, Blood Chemical Analysis, Female, Humans, Hypertension epidemiology, Insulin Resistance, Lipid Metabolism Disorders epidemiology, Male, Middle Aged, Obesity epidemiology, Metabolome, Skin Neoplasms complications, Skin Neoplasms pathology
- Abstract
Although skin tags are associated with diabetes mellitus, insulin resistance, hypertension, obesity, atherogenic lipid profile, no data in the literature show that the presence of skin tags is associated with serum high-sensitive C-reactive protein, uric acid, free fatty acid and leptin level. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the frequency of hypertension, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance and obesity in patients with skin tags and to compare patients with skin tags and normal healthy subjects for insulin resistance, serum lipids, insulin, glucose, leptin, high-sensitive C-reactive protein, free fatty acid levels. We evaluated 113 patients with skin tags and 31 healthy subjects. The two groups were compared with respect to BMI, lipid profile, blood pressure, insulin resistance, serum lipids, insulin, glucose, leptin, high-sensitive C-reactive protein, free fatty acid and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Total 53.9 and 33.6% of patients with skin tags were overweight and obese, respectively. The frequency of hypertension 30.1%, dyslipidemia 59.3% and insulin resistance 21.2% were detected. HOMA-IR (P < 0.001) and serum glucose (P < 0.001), insulin (P = 0.002), high-sensitive C-reactive protein (P = 0.001), uric acid (P = 0.001), free fatty acid (P = 0.002), HbA1c (P < 0.001), total cholesterol (P = 0.018), LDL-cholesterol (P = 0.023), and triglyceride levels (P = 0.001) were higher in patients with skin tags than control group. Overweight and/or obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, insulin resistance and elevated high-sensitive C-reactive protein are seen in patients with skin tags. Skin tags may be a marker of increased risk of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease.
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. The prevalence of non-classic adrenal hyperplasia among Turkish women with hyperandrogenism.
- Author
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Unluhizarci K, Kula M, Dundar M, Tanriverdi F, Israel S, Colak R, Dokmetas HS, Atmaca H, Bahceci M, Balci MK, Comlekci A, Bilen H, Akarsu E, Erem C, and Kelestimur F
- Subjects
- 17-alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone blood, Adolescent, Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital genetics, Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital metabolism, Adrenocorticotropic Hormone deficiency, Adrenocorticotropic Hormone metabolism, Adult, DNA chemistry, DNA genetics, Female, Genotype, Humans, Hyperandrogenism genetics, Hyperandrogenism metabolism, Middle Aged, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Prevalence, Steroid 21-Hydroxylase genetics, Turkey epidemiology, Young Adult, Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital epidemiology, Hyperandrogenism epidemiology
- Abstract
The prevalence of non-classic adrenal hyperplasia (NCAH) among Turkish women with hirsutism has not been established so far. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the prevalence of 21-hydroxylase (21-OH) deficiency by ACTH stimulation test among hirsute women. The study population consisted of 285 premenopousal women, aged 16-46 years (mean: 23.2 ± 0.3). All were hirsute and hyperandrogenic. Androgen secreting tumors of the ovaries and the adrenal glands were excluded as well as thyroid dysfunction and hyperprolactinemia. All the patients were evaluated by 0.25 mg (i.v.) ACTH stimulation test and 17-OHP responses were obtained at 30 and 60 min. The diagnosis of NCAH due to 21-OH deficiency was considered in patients with the poststimulation 17-OHP level exceed 10 ng/ml. Six (2.1%) of the patients had NCAH due to 21-OH deficiency confirmed by genotyping. The rest of the patients were polycystic ovary syndrome (n = 166, 58.2%) and idiopathic hyperandrogenemia (n = 113, 39.7%). There were no patients with idiopathic hirsutism because patients with normal serum androgen levels were excluded. This first and most extensive national study investigating NCAH prevalence among Turkish population showed that NCAH is not prevalent in this population.
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Adenovirus-mediated TRAIL gene (Ad5hTRAIL) delivery into pancreatic islets prolongs normoglycemia in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
- Author
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Dirice E, Sanlioglu AD, Kahraman S, Ozturk S, Balci MK, Omer A, Griffith TS, and Sanlioglu S
- Subjects
- Adenoviridae Infections genetics, Adenoviridae Infections virology, Animals, Cell Death, Cell Survival, Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental genetics, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 genetics, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 therapy, Green Fluorescent Proteins metabolism, Humans, Immunohistochemistry, Islets of Langerhans pathology, Islets of Langerhans virology, Islets of Langerhans Transplantation, Rats, Rats, Wistar, Streptozocin, Transduction, Genetic, Adenoviridae genetics, Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental therapy, Gene Transfer Techniques, Genetic Therapy, Islets of Langerhans metabolism, TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand genetics, TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand therapeutic use
- Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D), characterized by permanent destruction of insulin-producing beta cells, is lethal unless conventional exogenous insulin therapy or whole-organ transplantation is employed. Although pancreatic islet transplantation is a safer and less invasive method compared with whole-organ transplant surgery, its treatment efficacy has been limited by islet graft malfunction and graft failure. Thus, ex vivo genetic engineering of beta cells is necessary to prolong islet graft survival. For this reason, a novel gene therapy approach involving adenovirus-mediated TRAIL gene delivery into pancreatic islets was tested to determine whether this approach would defy autoreactive T cell assault in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. To test this, genetically modified rat pancreatic islets were transplanted under the kidney capsule of STZ-induced diabetic rats, and diabetic status (blood sugar and body weight) was monitored after islet transplantation. STZ-induced diabetic rats carrying Ad5hTRAIL-infected islets experienced prolonged normoglycemia compared with animals grafted with mock-infected or AdCMVLacZ-infected islets. In addition, severe insulitis was detected in animals transplanted with mock-infected or AdCMVLacZ-infected islets, whereas the severity of insulitis was reduced in animals engrafted with Ad5hTRAIL-infected islets. Thus, TRAIL overexpression in pancreatic islets extends allograft survival and function, leading to a therapeutic benefit in STZ-induced diabetic rats.
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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