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Background: Epilepsy, characterized by sudden, abnormal, and uncontrolled neuronal activity in the central nervous system, is a chronic neurological disorder. Vitamin B12 derivatives act as complex organometallic helpers for a select group of enzymes. This vitamin affects many cellular functions in the central and peripheral nervous system. This study aimed to explore how Vitamin B12 impacts penicillin-induced epileptic seizure activity in anesthetized rats through electrocorticography (ECoG). Materials and Methods: For this study, 35 male Wistar rats were utilized and divided into five groups, each consisting of 7 rats. The groups were as follows: Control +Penicillin; rats received 2.5 μL of 500 IU penicillin intracranially (i.c.) along with 1 ml saline solution intraperitoneally (i.p.), 1 mg/kg Vit B12 +Penicillin; rats were administered 1 mg/kg of Vitamin B12 intraperitoneally (i.p.) along with penicillin, 2 mg/kg Vit B12 +Penicillin; rats were given 2 mg/kg of Vitamin B12 i.p. along with Penicillin, Sodium Valproate (VPA) +Penicillin; rats received 500 mg/kg of sodium valproate i.p. along with penicillin, and 2 mg/kg Vit B12 + VPA +Penicillin; rats were administered 2 mg/kg of Vitamin B12 i.p. and 500 mg/kg of sodium valproate i.p. following 30 minutes after penicillin. After the administration, ECoG recordings were taken from rats placed in the stereotaxic device (for 180 minutes). Results: The immediate application of the Vit B12 (1 mg/kg and 2 mg/kg), VPA, and VPA plus Vit B12 2 mg/kg resulted in a notable reduction in the spike-wave frequency of penicillin-induced epileptic seizure activit in the rats (p<0.05). Moreover, following penicillin microinjection, the mean spike amplitudes of Vit B12 (1 mg/kg and 2 mg/kg), VPA, and VPA plus Vit B12 2 mg/kg groups were lower than those of the penicillin group (p<0.05). Conclusions: These results imply that administering Vitamin B12 acutely demonstrates anticonvulsant effects on penicillin-induced focal onset epileptic activity. The study further proposes that vitamin B12 therapy may possess anti-epileptogenic potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: There may be an association between hyperprolactinemia and autoimmune diseases, possibly because of the immunostimulatory effect of prolactin. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of thyroid and non-thyroid autoimmune diseases, serum B-cell activating factor (BAFF), and proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL) levels as indicators of increased autoimmunity, quality of life, depression, and anxiety in patients with prolactinoma. Methods: Fifty-six premenopausal women with prolactinoma and 50 healthy premenopausal women were included in the study. Autoimmune markers, including anti-nuclear antibody, rheumatoid factor immunoglobulin M (IgM) (RF-IgM), anti-double-stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA), anti-transglutaminase IgA (anti TG-IgA), and anti-Sjogren's syndrome A (anti-ssA), serum BAFF, APRIL and vitamin B12 levels, thyroid function tests, anti-thyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO), anti-thyroglobulin and thyroid Doppler ultrasound, were evaluated. Short-form 36, Beck Depression Inventory, and Beck Anxiety Inventory tests were also used. Results: The prevalence of autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT) was 32.1% in the patient group, whereas the prevalence of newly diagnosed AIT was similar to controls (p>0.05). Vitamin B12 deficiency was higher in patients with prolactinoma than in controls (25.6% and 9.1%, p=0.016). Autoantibody positivity was found to be similar between the groups (35.7% and 28.1%, p=0.25). Serum BAFF and APRIL levels were not different in patients with prolactinoma than in controls (p>0.05). Quality of life, anxiety, and depression scores were not different between patients with or without AIT and those with or without positivity for any autoantibody (p>0.05). Conclusion: One-third of the patients were diagnosed with AIT and onefourth of the patients had vitamin B12 deficiency in our study. However, non-thyroid autoimmune diseases did not increase and no alterations were detected in serum BAFF/APRIL levels in patients with prolactinoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation Sciences is the property of Turkiye Klinikleri and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Turkish Journal of Health & Sport is the property of Turkish Journal of Health & Sport and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Depression is a psychological and physiological destruction process. In recent years, it has been one of the leading causes of public health problems in our country and in the world. Our aim in this study; To contribute to the literature in the light of the data we obtained by measuring the levels of vitamin D, folic acid and vitamin B12 in patients who applied to the emergency department after suicidal attempts. In the study, vitamin D, folic acid and vitamin B12 levels in blood tests taken from patients who applied to Sivas Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Medicine Department of Emergency Medicine between July 2019 and December 2020 with suicide attempts and healthy volunteers selected in line with the criteria were retrospectively analyzed. Consent forms received from Sivas Cumhuriyet University ethics committee with decision number 2020-06/14 were read and signed by healthy volunteers similar in gender and age and the patient group included in the study. Groups were formed by taking detailed anamnesis and physical examinations from volunteers who agreed to participate in the research. In our study, we compared the levels of vitamin D, folic acid and vitamin B12 in patients who applied to the emergency department after a suicide attempt with the normal population. Vitamin D and vitamin B12 levels were found to be significantly lower in the patient group compared to the control group. Our current clinical study supports many studies in the literature, with the detection of low levels of vitamin D and vitamin B12 after the examinations of the patient group who came to the emergency room with a depressive episode and the control group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Vitamin B12 deficiency may have serious results and surplus vitamin may be guiding in the process/follow-up of some diseases. It was aimed to determine the vitamin B12 level (by retrospective screening) in children without chronic disease who applied to our outpatient clinic. Materials and Methods: After excluding acute and chronic diseases, vitamin B12 levels, age, gender, and the season of presentation were investigated in all patients who applied to the general pediatric outpatient clinic, only in children with complaints of fatigue, decreased appetite, and healthy child examination. Results: Three thousand one hundred and sixty three children were included in the study. Vitamin B12 deficiency was present in 5.5% individuals, vitamin B12 insufficiency was present in 23.6% individuals, and high vitamin B12 level was present in 2.1% individuals. The age range with the lowest vitamin B12 levels in both female and male children was found to be 14-18 years (p<0.001). Vitamin B12 deficiency and borderline deficiency were mostly seen in August and July (p<0.001). Conclusion: Vitamin B12 deficiency and borderline deficiency were observed in approximately one third of patients, most frequently in the age group of 1-3 years, and in the adolescent age group in summer season. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: In this study, it is aimed to examine the levels of [25(OH)D], vitamin B12 and ferritin, which we think are associated with the disease, in children who apply with the complaint of protein and energy deficiency. Material and Method: The [25(OH)D] level of 1377 people who applied to the hospital, the vitamin B12 level of 1366 people and the ferritin level of 1384 people who applied to the hospital were included in the study. Hospital references for children were used for vitamin D [25(OH)D], vitamin B12 and Ferritin levels. Results: When [25(OH)D] levels were examined in the study; Approximately 27% of the children had vitamin D deficiency [25(OH)D] <20 ng/mL, 7.19% had excessive [25(OH)D] deficiency and 6.68% had a high level of vitamin D deficiency. When vitamin B12 levels were examined, Vitamin B12 levels were low in 5.2% of the children (B12<191 ng/L) and high in 14.35%. Considering the ferritin levels, ferritin levels were low in 49.35% of children (ferritin level <30 μg/L). Conclusion: It was observed that B12, [25(OH)D] and ferritin levels of patients with PEM could vary according to geographical regions. For this reason, we think it is necessary to focus on the age range of 6–24 months, where the incidence of micronutrient deficiencies and infectious diseases is the highest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Propionic acid bacteria (PAB) are extremely important because of the metabolites they produce (vitamins, propionic acid, conjugated linoleic acid, and bioactive peptides). Nowadays, the increasing interest in healthy nutrition has led to the formation of the concepts of probiotics, postbiotics and functionality with studies. Vitamin B12 is one of the postbiotics produced by PAB and is known to be beneficial for human health. Due to its coenzyme feature, it plays a key role in the body process, as well as shows anti-inflammatory properties. The recommended dietary intake of vitamin B12 for adults is 4 μg/day. Although it is highly found in meat products, it is known that the bioavailability of B12 in dairy products is higher. Fermented dairy products, especially products that contain PAB in their natural microflora, are good tools for the production and intake of vitamin B12. In this study, the factors affecting the microbial production of vitamin B12 were examined.

Objective: Breath holding spells are a benign, non-paroxysmal disorder observed in childhood. The pathogenesis of breath holding spells is still unclear. Dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system, iron deficiency, genetic predisposition, interleukin 1, nitric oxide and cerebral erythropoietin have been implicated in the pathogenesis. The purpose of this study was to compare vitamin B12 and folic acid levels between patients diagnosed with breath holding spells and a healthy group. Material and Methods: Fifty-one cases diagnosed with breath holding spells in the pediatric neurology clinic were included in the study group (Group 1), and 78 healthy patients presenting to the general clinic in the control group (Group 2). Hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean erythrocyte volume, vitamin B12, folic acid, ferritin, iron, and iron binding capacity levels were compared between the study and the control groups. Results: Mean folate levels were 18.92±12.83 (5.27-91) ng/mL in the study group and 9.95±8.92 (2-37) ng/mL in the control group. Mean B12 levels were 274.13±214.37 (75-1201) pg/mL in the study group and 408.82±194.18 (120-959) pg/mL in the control group. Statistically significant differences in both vitamin B12 and folic acid levels were observed between the groups (p=0.000 and p=0.002, respectively). No significant difference was determined between the attack groups' (<15/month, >15/month) vitamin B12 (p=0.570) or folic acid (p=0.643) levels. Conclusion: Based on this study, vitamin B12 and folic acid levels should be routinely evaluated in patients diagnosed with breath holding spells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Viral wart is a common benign infectious dermatosis. It remains unclear why not everyone exposed to HPV develops warts. It is known that vitamin and mineral deficiencies can affect impair natural and acquired immunity and lead to a tendency to get more infections. This study aimed to determine the potential utility of evaluating vitamin B12, folic acid, and ferritin levels in patients with viral warts. Material and Methods: In this retrospective study, 70 patients who were diagnosed with viral warts in the dermatology outpatient clinic of Karabük University Training and Research Hospital between January 2018 and December 2019 were included. 70 healthy individuals matched with viral wart patients in terms of gender and age were included as the control group. Serum vitamin B12, folic acid, and ferritin levels of both groups were detected and compared from the hospital automation system. Results: Vitamin B12 level was detected statistically significantly lower in the viral wart group as compared to the control group (p=0.046). Although serum ferritin levels were found lower in the viral wart group, this difference was not statistically significant (p=0.677). No statistically significant difference was detected between the viral wart and control groups in terms of folate levels (p=0.879). Conclusion: In patients with viral warts with low serum vitamin B12 levels, replacement therapy could be considered. Also, the evaluation of serum ferritin level, an iron storage parameter in the body, is important in patients with viral warts infection.

Copyright of Ahi Evran Medical Journal is the property of Ahi Evran University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Hamidiye Medical Journal is the property of Galenos Yayinevi Tic. LTD. STI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Balikesir Health Sciences Journal / Balıkesir Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of Balikesir Health Sciences Journal (BAUN Health Sci J) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Etlik Veteriner Mikrobiyoloji Dergisi is the property of Veteriner Kontrol Merkez Arastirma Enstitusu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Meandros Medical & Dental Journal is the property of Galenos Yayinevi Tic. LTD. STI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objectives: The purpose of this retrospective study was to investigate the relationship between 25 OH vitamin D (25[OH]D) deficiency and iron-deficient anaemia (IDA) in the pediatric population. This was aimed to provide a better insight to IDA follow-up and treatment. Methods: The data of 120 patients diagnosed with IDA and 125 healthy pediatric patients were analyzed retrospectively. Serum vitamin B12, Folate and 25(OH)D levels, between IDA and healthy groups were evaluated. The relationship between vitamins levels and IDA parameters were examined. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess whether 25(OH)D deficiency levels were an independent risk factor for diagnosing IDA. Results: In the comparison of vitamins levels between groups, only mean serum 25(OH)D levels were found to be statistically significantly (p=0.000) lower (13.00 ± 2.50 ng/mL) in the group with IDA compared to the healthy group (25.98 ± 3.66 ng/mL). There were strong positive correlations between 25(OH)D deficiency levels and IDA. The deficiency of 25(OH)D levels was not found to be an independent risk factor for IDA (ORs: 0.958, 95% CI: 0.917–1.000). Conclusions: Although current results confirm the association between 25(0H)D deficiency and IDA in pediatric patients, they indicate that there was no independent risk factor for IDA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Osmangazi Journal of Medicine / Osmangazi Tip Dergisi is the property of Eskisehir Osmangazi University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bagcilar Medical Bulletin / Bağcılar Tıp Bülteni is the property of Galenos Yayinevi Tic. LTD. STI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Amaç: B12 vitamin eksikliği sık gözlenir. Emilim ya da alım azlığı nedeniyle oluşabilir. Makrositer anemi, nöropsikiyatrik bulgular ile kilinik bulgular verebilir. Polikliniğimize başvuran hastalarda B12 vitamin eksikliğinde endoskopi bulgularını saptamak istedik.Gereç ve Yöntem: 2014 Mayıs ve 2016 Mayıs ayları arasında Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Gastroenteroloji Bilim Dalı’na B12 vitamin eksikliği nedeniyle yönlendirilen ve bu nedenle üst gastrointestinal sistem endoskopisi uygulanan hastalar retrospektif olarak tarandı. Tüm hastalarda B12 vitamin eksikliğine neden olabilecek diğer sebepler gözden geçirildi ve ek patolojileri saptanan ya da ilaç kullanımı olan hastalar çalışma dışı bırakıldı.Bulgular: Hastaların yaş ortalaması 48.13 olarak saptandı. 56.7%’ si kadındı. Kontrol grubunun yaş ortalaması 48.6 olarak saptandı. Kontrol grubunun yaş ortalaması 48.6 olarak saptandı. B12 vitamin eksikliği hastalarının 24.3%’ ünde hem mide hem de duodenumda patoloji saptanmaz iken, 86.4%’ ünde duodenumda patoloji saptanmamıştır. Kontrol grubunun 34%’ ünde hem mide hem de duodenumda patoloji saptanmamıştır. Olguların 82%’ inde duodenum endoskopi bulguları olağan bulunmuştur.Sonuç: B12 vitamin eksikliği toplumda sık görülen, nöropsikiyatrik ve hematolojik bulgular gibi klinik semptomlara neden olabilen bir patolojidir. Tedavi ile belirgin cevap alınır ve etiyolojisi tedavi açısından önemlidir. Çalışmamızda yaş-cinsiyet uyumlu kontrol grubu ile karşılaştırılan hasta grubunda gastrit ve duodenal patolojiler açısından anlamlı bir farklılık saptanmamıştır.

Copyright of Firat Universitesi Saglik Bilimleri Veteriner Dergisi is the property of Firat Universitesiu, Saglik Bilimleri Enstitusu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: Homocysteine is a sulfur containing amino acid that is formed during methionine metabolism. Patients under long-term antiepileptic drug treatment often have hyperhomocysteinemia. These patients have low levels of serum folate, vitamin B12 and vitamin B6, all of which are associated with homocysteine metabolism. We have investigated the effects of valproic acid and new generation antiepileptic drugs (lamotrigine and levetiracetam) on plasma levels of homocysteine and aminothiols as well as serum vitamin B12 and folic acid. Materials and methods: Forty-seven idiopathic epileptic patients on antiepileptic drugs were compared with 38 age-matched healthy controls. Commercial immunoassay methods were used for vitamin B12 and folic acid analyses. Homocysteine, cysteine, cysteinylglycine and glutathione levels were determined by high performance liquid chromatography. Results: There was no significant difference in patient and control values in terms of vitamin B12, folic acid and homocysteine. Valproic acid and lamotrigine seemed to effect aminothiol redox status. Glutathione levels of epileptic patients receiving valproic acid and lamotrigine were higher than controls. Conclusion: Our results suggest that redox homeostasis may be impaired and glutathione synthesis increased in response to the oxidative stress caused by antiepileptic drug use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vitamin deficiency is an important public health problem. In this study, it was aimed to demonstrate a case with vitamin B12 deficiency and discuss differential diagnosis. A 69-year-old male patient admitted to our primary care outpatient clinic with excessive fatigue, weight loss, jaundace of the eyes, and impaired balance for 4-5 months. Retired, lonely patient did not report alcohol or smoking. There was no known chronic illness. Physical examination revealed that the patient had cachexia and scleral icteria, the liver was palpabl 2 cm. under the costal margin, and there were wheezes in the lungs. Pancytopenia and MCV elevation were present in the blood tests of the patient. Other blood tests, abdominal ultrasonography and direct coombs test were normal. Blood transfusion was performed and 1000 mcg B12 vitamin (cyanocobalamin) and 5 mg folic acid treatment were started. As the patient was older than 65 years and gave a story of living alone, it was diagnosed as Vitamin B12 deficiency because of the nutritional reasons. This case was presented because it was a demostratative and instructive example of Vitamin B12 deficiency which is one of the most common community health problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soybean products are popular because of its taste, digestibility, and health benefits. However, soybean lacks vitamin, mainly the low water-soluble vitamin B12. This study investigated the effects of fermentation conditions on the synthesis of vitamin B12, production of metabolites, and growth of Lactobacillus reuteri and Propionibacterium shermainii in fermented soy-milk. A Lotka Volterra model was successfully employed to describe the competition relationship between the two microorganisms under various fermentation conditions. A quadratic function between the ratio of interaction coefficients and vitamin B12 content was found. Higher vitamin B12 in soy-milk can be produced when the ratio of interaction coefficients approach to one. Compared with other fermented soybean products, fermented soy-milk contains more acetate, ethanol, and propionic acid. This study successfully demonstrated a mathematical model to enhance soy-milk vitamin B12 production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Internal Medicine / Türkiye Klinikleri İç Hastalıkları Dergisi is the property of Turkiye Klinikleri and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Amaç: B12 vitamin eksikliği toplumda sık görülen bir megaloblastik anemidir. B12 tedavisi kemik iliğindeki tüm serileri stimüle edebilir. Biz bu çalışmada B12 tedavisi sırasında periferik kana genç, aktif ve büyük trombositlerin salınıp salınmadığını ve bu trombositlerin varlığının iyi bir göstergesi olan ortalama trombosit hacmi (OTH) seviyesini araştırmayı amaçladık. Materyal ve Metod: Bu çalışmaya 40 erkek ve 160 kadın toplam 204 hasta dahil edildi. Kobalamin intramuskuler (İM) enjeksiyon yoluyla uygulandı. B12 tedavisinden önce ve tedaviden bir ay sonra hematolojik ve biyokimyasal testleri değerlendirdik. Bulgular: Hastaların yaş ortalaması 40.1 ± 17.4 yıl idi. Tedavi öncesi grupta, B12 vitamin seviyeleri 151.2 ± 34.6 pg/mL ve OTH 7.8 ± 1.4 fL idi. Tedavi sonrası grupta, B12 vitamin seviyeleri 638 ± 608 pg/mL ve OTH 8.3 ± 1.3 idi. Tedavi sonrası grupta B12 vitamin (P < 0.001) ve OTH (P < 0.001) tedavi öncesi gruptan anlamlı yüksekti. Sonuç: B12 eksikliği olan hastalarda İM kobalamin tedavisinin 1. ayı sonunda tedavi öncesi değerlere göre B12 ve OTH değerinin arttığı MCV değerinin düştüğü bulundu. Çalışmamızın sonuçları gösterdi ki İM B12 tedavisi sırasında büyük ve aktif trombositler perifere daha çok salınabilir; trombotik hastalıklara yatkın olan hastalarda dikkatli olmak gerekebilir.

Copyright of Cukurova Medical Journal / Çukurova Üniversitesi Tip Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Cukurova University, Faculty of Medicine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: Current guidelines recommend vitamin D supplementation during the adolescence period. Studies showed that the deficiencies of vitamins D and B12 are common in children in developing countries. On the other hand it is important to have optimum levels of vitamin D and B12 during the puberty. This study aims to evaluate the vitamin D and vitamin B12 levels of adolescents admitted to the outpatient department. Material and Method: The study was carried out in the Istanbul Medical Faculty, Department of Adolescent Health outpatient clinic between January to December 2014. The records of the adolescents aged 10-20 years were analyzed retrospectively. Of 187 adolescents were evaluated for vitamin 25 OH D and 219 were evaluated for vitamin B12. Results: Of 187 adolescents 56% had 25-OH vitamin D level =20 ng/ml, and 36% between 20-30 ng/ml. There were no statistically significant difference between genders or months in a year. Serum vitamin B12 levels were below the optimal level (<300 pg/mL) in one-third of adolescents (n=78). Conclusion: Vitamin D and vitamin B12 deficiencies were significantly high among adolescents attending to the outpatient department with various medical reasons. Adolescents should be considered risky in terms of lack of vitamin D and vitamin B12 levels, especially in metropolitan cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses a study which assessed the correlation between reductase (MTHFR) C677T (rs1801133) polymorphism and homocysteine, vitamin B12, and folate levels, and DNA fragmentation in patients with ovarian cancer. Topics covered include findings which showed that there is no association between MTHFR C677T polymorphism and ovarian cancer, and that patients with ovarian cancer had increased DNA fragmentation.

Copyright of Turkish Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation / Turkiye Fiziksel Tip ve Rehabilitasyon Dergisi is the property of Turkish Society of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), which is one of the rheumatic diseases, is a systemic inflammatory disease characterized by chronic and erosive synovitis that involves peripheral joints. In patients who had been diagnosed with JIA, increasing proinflammatory cytokines, metabolic abnormalities associated with systemic inflammation, may provoke vascular endothelial damage which can cause atherosclerosis. Homocysteine is another metabolite among the factors causing endothelial dysfunction. Homocysteine is an intermediate metabolite which is formed during the conversion of methionine to cysteine and high levels of homocysteine in blood can lead to vascular damage. Dietary folate and vitamin B12 deficiency can cause an increase in blood homocysteine levels. Vitamin B12 is essential for the transfer of methyl group and cell division in humans, but it is also important for the proliferation, maturation and regeneration of the nerve cells. In addition, “functional vitamin B12 deficiency” in which blood vitamin B12 level is in the normal range and without severe clinical symptoms like anemia has also been reported. Studies have showed that vitamin B12 deficiency can lead to oxidative stress without causing significant increase in homocysteine levels by its effects on cytokines, growth factors, nitric oxide metabolism, antioxidant enzymes and producing reactive oxygen species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) deficiency during infancy is seen most commonly in exclusively breast-fed infants born to mothers with inadequate vitamin B12 stores. In addition to megaoblastic anemia, physical, social and neuromotor retardation may be seen in affected patients. In severe cases, thrombocytopenia and neutropenia may accompany anemia mimicking leukemia or aplastic anemia. Patients may rarely develop cerebral cortical atrophy evident on neuroimaging. In this article, a 12-month-old female infant with psychomotor developmental retardation who was referred to our hospital with the initial diagnosis of leukemia due to the finding of pancytopenia is presented. Further investigations revealed severe nutritional vitamin B12 deficiency in this case. Cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed cerebral cortical atrophy. Replacement therapy with vitamin B12 resulted in marked improvement of psychomotor status, and cranial MRI performed 7 months following the diagnosis and treatment initiation revealed resolution of cortical atrophy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Transcobalamin II deficiency is one of the rare causes of inherited vitamin B12 disorders in which the patients have characteristically normal or high vitamin B12 levels related to the transport defect of vitamin B12 into the cell, ending up with intracellular cobalamin depletion and high homocysteine and methylmalonic acid levels. Materials and Methods: Herein, we describe the findings at presentation of four patients who were diagnosed to have transcobalamin II deficiency with novel mutations. Results: These patients with transcobalamin II deficiency were found to have novel mutations, of whom 2 had the same large deletion (homozygous c.1106+1516-1222+1231del). Conclusion: Transcobalamin II deficiency should be considered in differential diagnosis of any infant with pancytopenia, failure to thrive, diarrhea, and vomiting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A 2-month-old male infant was admitted to the emergency clinic with complaints of loss of consciousness. The conscious and hypotonic baby had no good eye contact. In the laboratory tests of the infants who had no symptoms other than hypotonia on physical examination, WBC: 7130/mm3, RBC: 3.17 10e6/μL, hgb: 10.6 g/dL, hct: 29.9, MCV: 94.3, MCH: 33.4, PLT: 480.103/ml, blood sugar: 108 mg/dl, Ca: 10,2 mg/dl, Mg: 2,1 mg/dl Na: 136 mEq/l, K: 3,7 mEq/l, AST: 28 IU, ALT: 32 IU, ammonia: 55.8 μg/dL were measured and tandem mass was normal. On the first day of the hospitalization, tonic contraction was observed for a few seconds. The patient's cranial USG and EEG were normal. While VSD and PFO were detected in the echocardiography of the patient, any abnormality was found in the holter ECG. Vitamin B12 level was 219.9 pg/dl, and homocysteine was 9.2 μmol/ml. Her mother's B12 level was measured at 186 pg/dl and the patient started vitamin B12 IM at 100 mcg/kg/ day. The baby, whose attacks had disappeared since the treatment was started, was discharged on the 7th day of hospitalization. It was found that the baby did not have a seizure in the follow-up performed one week after discharge and the hypotonicity decreased in the control after 1 month. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Vitamin B12 deficiency in infancy can cause severe demyelinating central nervous system disorder. Most cases are exclusively breast-fed infants born to mothers with deficient vitamin B12 stores. As maternal vitamin B12 stores are the main determinant of neonatal vitamin B12 status, we aimed to determine the vitamin B12 status of pregnant women at term in our region. Material and Methods: Serum vitamin B12, folate and plasma homocysteine concentrations in addition to routine testings were measured 1-24 hour(s) before delivery in 62 pregnant women. Besides, infants born to mothers with laboratory evidence of vitamin B12 deficiency were referred to pediatric hematology unit for evaluation. Results: Thirty-six (58.1%) women had a low serum vitamin B12 level (<200 pg/ml). The mean plasma homocysteine was found as 6.82 ± 2.38 µmol/L. Among the 36 neonates whose mothers had a low serum vitamin B12 before delivery, 20 were admitted for examination. Plasma hcy level was not available in four infants. In the remaining 16, 13 (81.3%) had both a decreased vitamin B12 level (<259 pg/ml), and an elevated homocysteine concentration (>9.99 µmol/L). All of the 20 infants examined had normal neurodevelopmental findings. Vitamin B12 supplementation resulted in normalization of vitamin B12 and homocysteine levels in all the cases. Conclusion: The frequency of neonatal vitamin B12 deficiency secondary to maternal deficiency may be higher than thought in Samsun province of Turkey. Large-scale screening studies may reveal its prevalence more accurately, and may help in taking preventive measurements more effectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Megaloblastic anemia due to vitamin B12 deficiency is common in the population. Vitamin B12 therapy may stimulate all cell types in the bone marrow. We investigated whether young, active and large platelets are released into the peripheral blood during vitamin B12 treatment and measured the level of mean platelet volume (MPV), an indicator of the presence of these platelets. Materials and Methods: A total of 204 patients (40 males, 160 females) with vitamin B12 deficiency were included in this study. Cobalamin was administered by intramuscular injections. We evaluated the hematologic and biochemical parameters before and after one month of vitamin B12 treatment. Results: The mean age of patients was 40.1 ± 17.4 years. In the pretreatment group, the mean level of vitamin B12 was 151.2 ± 34.6 pg/mL, the MPV was 7.8 ± 1.4 fL. In the posttreatment group, the mean vitamin B12 level was 638 ± 608 pg/mL, the MPV was 8.3 ± 1.3 fL. The levels of vitamin B12 (P < 0.001) and MPV (P < 0.001) were significantly higher in the posttreatment group than those in the pretreatment group. Conclusions: After one month of cobalamin treatment in patients with vitamin B12 deficiency, the levels of B12 and MPV were higher than the pretreatment levels. These results showed that vitamin B12 treatment may increases the release of large and active thrombocytes into the peripheral blood; therefore, caution may be needed in patients predisposed to thrombotic diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: There are studies which determine the connection between deficiency or surplus of serum vitamin D, folic acid and B12, asthma and wheezing attacks. This study aimed to determine whether or not there was any significant connection between serum vitamin D, folic acid and B12 levels and recurrent wheezing attacks. Materials and Methods: One hundred and seven children aged 0-3 years who presented with a history of at least 3 episodes of wheezing and no secondary causes, and 86 healthy children in similar age group were included in this study. A questionnaire was applied which examined the sociodemographic characteristics and risk factors of the children and their families. Serum 25 OH D3, folic acid and B12 levels of the patients and the control group were measured. Results: The two groups were similar in respect of age or gender. The mean serum 25 OH D3 level was 26.64 ± 11.01 ng/mL in the patient group and 33.98 ± 10 ng/mL in the control group (p< 0.001). Vitamin D deficiency was found to be 45 (42%) children in the patient group, and 15 (17.4%) children in the control group (p= 0.0002). No statistically significant difference was seen between the groups in B12 or folic acid levels (p= 0.78, p= 0.60, respectively). Conclusion: The vitamin D intake and the serum vitamin D level were lower in the children with recurrent wheezing compared to the control group which indicate that deficiency of vitamin D may have a role in the etiology of recurrent attacks of wheezing. This evidence proved that the vitamin D intake, and if needed, the serum level need to be controlled. No relationship was determined between the deficiency of B12 and folic acid and recurrent wheezing attacks. There is a need for further studies on the subject of B12 and folic acid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Today it is known that frequently used antineoplastic agents, analgesics and antibiotics affect the immune system cells and can modify polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) functions such as phagocytosis, lymphocyte proliferation and production of various cytokines. In this study we investigated the effect of antidepresssant drugs on PMN functions, serum folic acid, vitamin Bl2, zinc, copper levels and hematological parameters in the patients with major depression (MD). Material and Method: PMNs were isolated by Ficoll-Hypaque gradient centrifugation method. Phagocytosis and intracellular killing activity were assayed by modifying Alexander's method. Serum folic acid, vitamin B12, copper and hematology parameters were detected with the biochemical analyzer. Serum zinc levels were measured by flame atomic absorption spectrometer. Results: White blood cell (WBC), neutrophil counts (NE) significantly increased after 2 months of antidepressant drug treatment (p<0.05). The phagocytic activity of PMN of MD patients was found same as healthy volunteers, the intracellular killing activity was found lower than that of healthy volunteers. The PMN's phagocytic activity after one and two months of antidepressant drug treatment insignificantly increased and the intracellular killing activity also insignificantly increased after one month of treatment when compared with those before treatment. The results were not found statistically significant. Serum folic acid, vitamin B12, zinc and copper levels were found in reference value intervals compared to those before treatment. Conclusions: This study showed that WBC, NE counts in patients with MD significantly increased in the reference value intervals after antidepressant drug treatment (p<0.05). We conclude that antidepressant drugs have not deleterious effects on PMN functions, serum folic acid, vitamin B12, zinc, copper levels of patients with MD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Widespread causes of anemia are the deficiencies of iron, vitamin B12 and folate. The exact diagnosis is based on the laboratory data determined according to the appropriate reference ranges along with clinical symptoms. International Federation of Clinical Chemistry (IFCC) and Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) have suggested that each laboratory should determine their own reference values. In this study, we aim to determine reference intervals of anemia parameters in a large cohort of Turkish adults and to investigate whether these values confirm with data sheets of commercial kits. Methods: Healthy 1251 subjects were included in the study. Subjects were divided into six groups according to their ages. Levels of serum iron, unsaturated iron binding capacity (UIBC), ferritin, vitamin B12 and folate, and complete blood counts of all participants were determined. Results: There were significant differences between genders in terms of serum iron, ferritin, UIBC, folate levels and mean corpuscular volume (MCV). While levels of iron, UIBC, ferritin, and MCV were higher in males, vitamin B12 and folate levels were higher in females. MCV, folate and vitamin B12 levels were higher in middle aged adults, and lower in the young and elderly. Conclusion: There wasn't much difference between our results and previous studies and manufacturers' ranges except the ferritin and iron levels. Therefore, reference ranges are not required to be determined again. It was concluded that, high upper limits of serum iron and ferritin levels may be caused by inflammation so that these levels is not appropriate as a reference range unless evaluated together with inflammatory markers such as CRP, but lower levels may be valuable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: In our study, we aimed to determine the level of vitamin B12, and the relationship between complete blood count parameters and vitamin B12 level in children aged 1-5 years admitted to our outpatient clinic. Methods: Children aged 1-5 years who were consulted to Izmir Tepecik Training and Research Hospital between 2008-2012 without chronic disease, but thought to have B12 vitamin deficiency were included in the study. Serum vitamin B12, folic acid levels and complete blood counts were measured in all cases. Results: A total of 404 children (mean age: 3.2±1.1 years, median age: 4 years, age range: 1-5; 183 females/221 males) were included. Ninty-four (23.3%) children had vitamin B12 deficiency. Patient's age, gender, the frequency of folic acid acid deficiency, and anemia and the levels of complete blood count parameters were not significantly different in cases with and without B12 deficiency (p>0.05). Serum vitamin B12 levels were not significantly correlated with the complete blood count parameters (p>0.05). Conclusion: Vitamin B12 deficiency is a common condition in children. Measurement of complete blood count is insufficient to predict vitamin B12 deficiency in children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The most common causes of food allergy vary among countries according to the dietary habits and the frequency of consumption of foods. Legumes are important sources of protein that are widely consumed all over the world. The legume family includes lentils, chickpeas, beans, broad beans as well as peanuts and soybeans. Skin prick tests are generally considered safe. However, systemic reactions may develop during skin prick testing, Systemic reactions from skin testing are more frequent with food, drug, latex and venom allergens. Systemic reactions occur more frequently after prick to prick tests that are performed with fresh food than those with standard extracts. This paper reports a case with a history of anaphylaxis to lentils and peas. The patient was found to have type 1 reaction to chick peas, broad beans and green beans although she did not describe a reaction to these legumes in her history. The patient experienced anaphylaxis during skin testing with legumes when multiple tests were performed at the same time. There was no reaction when skin prick tests were performed in more than one session. The patient is noteworthy in this regard and discussed in detail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vitamin B12 deficiency may present itself with neurological, haematological, gastrointestinal and psychiatric symptoms. There are limited number of psychotic cases reported due to B12 avitaminosis in current literature. This vitamine interacts with neurotransmitters on molecular level and its deficiency causes psychiatric disorders by disturbing the neurotransmitter balance. Using antipsychotics only, do not improve psychotic symptoms without vitamine B12 replacement treatment. Vitamine B12 replacement results in complete recovery in a very short time. We present here an 18 year-old female patient with irritability, odd behaviours and speech, poor concentration, social isolation and fatigue. She was hospitalised with the diagnosis of psychotic disorder. The examination of serum vitamine B12 levels were found to be very low. Her psychotic symptoms such as disorganized speech, persecutive thought content improved dramatically by B12 vitamin replacement treatment. With this case, we would like to draw attention to association between B12 deficiency and nonfunctional psychosis and emphasize the importance of assessment of B12 levels in patients presenting with a psychotic episode. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]