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1. Using Rasch Analysis to Validate the Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire from the Wrist and Radius Injury Surgical Trial

Author

B.S. Chang Wang, Lu Wang, Mayank Jayaram, Melissa J. Shauver, and Kevin C. Chung

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Activities of daily living, Rasch model, business.industry, Michigan hand outcomes questionnaire, Wrist, Item fit, Test theory, medicine.anatomical_structure, Assessment data, Physical therapy, Medicine, Surgery, business, Reliability (statistics)
Abstract

BACKGROUND The Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire is a patient-reported outcome measure that has been validated in many upper extremity disorders using classic test theory. Rasch measurement analysis is a rigorous method of questionnaire validation that offers several advantages over classic test theory and was used to assess the psychometric properties of the Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire. This study used Rasch analysis to evaluate the questionnaire for distal radius fractures in older adults. The incidence and costs of distal radius fractures are rising, and reliable assessment tools are needed to measure outcomes in this growing concern. METHODS Rasch analysis was performed using 6-month assessment data from the Wrist and Radius Injury Surgical Trial. Each domain in the Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire was independently analyzed for threshold ordering, person-item targeting, item fit, differential-item functioning, response dependency, unidimensionality, and internal consistency. RESULTS After collapsing disordered thresholds and removing any misfitting items from the model, five domains (Function, Activities of Daily Living, Work, Pain, and Satisfaction) demonstrated excellent fit to the Rasch model. The Aesthetics domain demonstrated high reliability and internal consistency but had poor fit to the Rasch model. CONCLUSIONS Rasch analysis further supports the reliability and validity of using the Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire to assess hand outcomes in older adults following treatment for distal radius fractures. Results from this study suggest that questionnaire scores should be interpreted in a condition-specific manner, with more emphasis placed on interpreting individual domain scores, rather than the summary Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire score.

Published
2021
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3. PHENIX Collaboration

Author

A. Adare, S. Afanasiev, C. Aidala, N.N. Ajitanand, Y. Akiba, R. Akimoto, H. Al-Bataineh, J. Alexander, M. Alfred, A. Al-Jamel, H. Al-Ta'ani, K.R. Andrews, V. Andrieux, A. Angerami, K. Aoki, N. Apadula, L. Aphecetche, E. Appelt, Y. Aramaki, R. Armendariz, S.H. Aronson, J. Asai, H. Asano, E.C. Aschenauer, E.T. Atomssa, R. Averbeck, T.C. Awes, C. Ayuso, B. Azmoun, V. Babintsev, A. Bagoly, M. Bai, X. Bai, G. Baksay, L. Baksay, A. Baldisseri, N.S. Bandara, B. Bannier, K.N. Barish, P.D. Barnes, B. Bassalleck, A.T. Basye, S. Bathe, S. Batsouli, V. Baublis, F. Bauer, C. Baumann, S. Baumgart, A. Bazilevsky, M. Beaumier, S. Beckman, S. Belikov, R. Belmont, J. Ben-Benjamin, R. Bennett, A. Berdnikov, Y. Berdnikov, J.H. Bhom, A.A. Bickley, M.T. Bjorndal, D. Black, D.S. Blau, M. Boer, J.G. Boissevain, J.S. Bok, H. Borel, K. Boyle, M.L. Brooks, D.S. Brown, D. Broxmeyer, J. Bryslawskyj, D. Bucher, H. Buesching, V. Bumazhnov, G. Bunce, J.M. Burward-Hoy, C. Butler, S. Butsyk, C.M. Camacho, S. Campbell, V. Canoa Roman, A. Caringi, P. Castera, R. Cervantes, J.-S. Chai, B.S. Chang, W.C. Chang, J.-L. Charvet, C.-H. Chen, S. Chernichenko, C.Y. Chi, J. Chiba, M. Chiu, I.J. Choi, J.B. Choi, S. Choi, R.K. Choudhury, P. Christiansen, T. Chujo, P. Chung, A. Churyn, O. Chvala, V. Cianciolo, Z. Citron, C.R. Cleven, Y. Cobigo, B.A. Cole, M.P. Comets, Z. Conesa del Valle, M. Connors, P. Constantin, N. Cronin, N. Crossette, M. Csanád, T. Csörgő, T. Dahms, S. Dairaku, I. Danchev, T.W. Danley, K. Das, A. Datta, M.S. Daugherity, G. David, M.K. Dayananda, M.B. Deaton, K. DeBlasio, K. Dehmelt, H. Delagrange, A. Denisov, D. d'Enterria, A. Deshpande, E.J. Desmond, K.V. Dharmawardane, O. Dietzsch, L. Ding, A. Dion, P.B. Diss, D. Dixit, J.H. Do, M. Donadelli, L. D'Orazio, J.L. Drachenberg, O. Drapier, A. Drees, K.A. Drees, A.K. Dubey, M. Dumancic, J.M. Durham, A. Durum, D. Dutta, V. Dzhordzhadze, S. Edwards, Y.V. Efremenko, J. Egdemir, T. Elder, F. Ellinghaus, W.S. Emam, T. Engelmore, A. Enokizono, H. En'yo, B. Espagnon, S. Esumi, K.O. Eyser, B. Fadem, W. Fan, N. Feege, D.E. Fields, M. Finger, F. Fleuret, S.L. Fokin, B. Forestier, Z. Fraenkel, J.E. Frantz, A. Franz, A.D. Frawley, K. Fujiwara, Y. Fukao, Y. Fukuda, S.-Y. Fung, T. Fusayasu, S. Gadrat, K. Gainey, C. Gal, P. Gallus, P. Garg, A. Garishvili, I. Garishvili, F. Gastineau, H. Ge, M. Germain, F. Giordano, A. Glenn, H. Gong, X. Gong, M. Gonin, J. Gosset, Y. Goto, R. Granier de Cassagnac, N. Grau, S.V. Greene, G. Grim, M. Grosse Perdekamp, Y. Gu, T. Gunji, L. Guo, H. Guragain, H.-Å. Gustafsson, T. Hachiya, A. Hadj Henni, C. Haegemann, J.S. Haggerty, M.N. Hagiwara, K.I. Hahn, H. Hamagaki, J. Hamblen, H.F. Hamilton, R. Han, S.Y. Han, J. Hanks, H. Harada, C. Harper, E.P. Hartouni, K. Haruna, M. Harvey, S. Hasegawa, T.O.S. Haseler, K. Hashimoto, E. Haslum, K. Hasuko, R. Hayano, S. Hayashi, X. He, M. Heffner, T.K. Hemmick, T. Hester, J.M. Heuser, H. Hiejima, J.C. Hill, K. Hill, R. Hobbs, M. Hohlmann, R.S. Hollis, M. Holmes, W. Holzmann, K. Homma, B. Hong, T. Horaguchi, Y. Hori, D. Hornback, T. Hoshino, N. Hotvedt, J. Huang, S. Huang, M.G. Hur, T. Ichihara, R. Ichimiya, J. Ide, H. Iinuma, Y. Ikeda, K. Imai, Y. Imazu, J. Imrek, M. Inaba, Y. Inoue, A. Iordanova, D. Isenhower, L. Isenhower, M. Ishihara, A. Isinhue, T. Isobe, M. Issah, A. Isupov, Y. Ito, D. Ivanishchev, Y. Iwanaga, B.V. Jacak, M. Javani, S.J. Jeon, M. Jezghani, Z. Ji, J. Jia, X. Jiang, J. Jin, O. Jinnouchi, D. John, B.M. Johnson, T. Jones, E. Joo, K.S. Joo, V. Jorjadze, D. Jouan, D.S. Jumper, F. Kajihara, S. Kametani, N. Kamihara, J. Kamin, S. Kanda, M. Kaneta, S. Kaneti, B.H. Kang, J.H. Kang, J.S. Kang, H. Kanou, D. Kapukchyan, J. Kapustinsky, K. Karatsu, S. Karthas, M. Kasai, T. Kawagishi, D. Kawall, M. Kawashima, A.V. Kazantsev, S. Kelly, T. Kempel, J.A. Key, V. Khachatryan, P.K. Khandai, A. Khanzadeev, K. Kihara, K.M. Kijima, J. Kikuchi, A. Kim, B.I. Kim, C. Kim, D.H. Kim, D.J. Kim, E. Kim, E.-J. Kim, G.W. Kim, H.-J. Kim, H.J. Kim, K.-B. Kim, M. Kim, M.H. Kim, S.H. Kim, Y.-J. Kim, Y.K. Kim, Y.-S. Kim, B. Kimelman, D. Kincses, E. Kinney, K. Kiriluk, Á. Kiss, E. Kistenev, R. Kitamura, A. Kiyomichi, J. Klatsky, J. Klay, C. Klein-Boesing, D. Kleinjan, P. Kline, T. Koblesky, L. Kochenda, V. Kochetkov, M. Kofarago, Y. Komatsu, B. Komkov, M. Konno, J. Koster, D. Kotchetkov, D. Kotov, A. Kozlov, A. Král, A. Kravitz, F. Krizek, P.J. Kroon, J. Kubart, S. Kudo, G.J. Kunde, N. Kurihara, K. Kurita, M. Kurosawa, M.J. Kweon, Y. Kwon, G.S. Kyle, R. Lacey, Y.S. Lai, J.G. Lajoie, E.O. Lallow, D. Layton, A. Lebedev, Y. Le Bornec, S. Leckey, B. Lee, D.M. Lee, G.H. Lee, J. Lee, K. Lee, K.B. Lee, K.S. Lee, M.K. Lee, S. Lee, S.H. Lee, S.R. Lee, T. Lee, M.J. Leitch, M.A.L. Leite, M. Leitgab, E. Leitner, B. Lenzi, Y.H. Leung, B. Lewis, N.A. Lewis, X. Li, X.H. Li, P. Lichtenwalner, P. Liebing, H. Lim, S.H. Lim, L.A. Linden Levy, T. Liška, A. Litvinenko, H. Liu, L.D. Liu, M.X. Liu, V.-R. Loggins, S. Lokos, K. Lovasz, B. Love, R. Luechtenborg, D. Lynch, C.F. Maguire, T. Majoros, Y.I. Makdisi, M. Makek, M. Malaev, A. Malakhov, M.D. Malik, A. Manion, V.I. Manko, E. Mannel, Y. Mao, L. Mašek, H. Masuda, H. Masui, S. Masumoto, F. Matathias, M.C. McCain, M. McCumber, P.L. McGaughey, D. McGlinchey, C. McKinney, N. Means, A. Meles, M. Mendoza, B. Meredith, W.J. Metzger, Y. Miake, T. Mibe, J. Midori, A.C. Mignerey, D.E. Mihalik, P. Mikeš, K. Miki, A.J. Miller, T.E. Miller, A. Milov, S. Mioduszewski, D.K. Mishra, G.C. Mishra, M. Mishra, J.T. Mitchell, M. Mitrovski, G. Mitsuka, Y. Miyachi, S. Miyasaka, S. Mizuno, A.K. Mohanty, S. Mohapatra, P. Montuenga, H.J. Moon, T. Moon, Y. Morino, A. Morreale, D.P. Morrison, S.I.M. Morrow, M. Moskowitz, J.M. Moss, S. Motschwiller, T.V. Moukhanova, D. Mukhopadhyay, T. Murakami, J. Murata, A. Mwai, T. Nagae, K. Nagai, S. Nagamiya, K. Nagashima, T. Nagashima, Y. Nagata, J.L. Nagle, M. Naglis, M.I. Nagy, I. Nakagawa, H. Nakagomi, Y. Nakamiya, K.R. Nakamura, T. Nakamura, K. Nakano, S. Nam, C. Nattrass, A. Nederlof, P.K. Netrakanti, J. Newby, M. Nguyen, M. Nihashi, T. Niida, S. Nishimura, B.E. Norman, R. Nouicer, T. Novák, N. Novitzky, R. Novotny, A. Nukariya, A.S. Nyanin, J. Nystrand, C. Oakley, H. Obayashi, E. O'Brien, S.X. Oda, C.A. Ogilvie, H. Ohnishi, H. Oide, I.D. Ojha, M. Oka, K. Okada, O.O. Omiwade, Y. Onuki, J.D. Orjuela Koop, J.D. Osborn, A. Oskarsson, I. Otterlund, G.J. Ottino, M. Ouchida, K. Ozawa, R. Pak, D. Pal, A.P.T. Palounek, V. Pantuev, V. Papavassiliou, B.H. Park, I.H. Park, J. Park, J.S. Park, S. Park, S.K. Park, W.J. Park, S.F. Pate, L. Patel, M. Patel, H. Pei, J.-C. Peng, W. Peng, H. Pereira, D.V. Perepelitsa, G.D.N. Perera, V. Peresedov, D.Yu. Peressounko, C.E. PerezLara, J. Perry, R. Petti, M. Phipps, C. Pinkenburg, R. Pinson, R.P. Pisani, M. Proissl, A. Pun, M.L. Purschke, A.K. Purwar, H. Qu, P.V. Radzevich, J. Rak, A. Rakotozafindrabe, B.J. Ramson, I. Ravinovich, K.F. Read, S. Rembeczki, M. Reuter, K. Reygers, D. Reynolds, V. Riabov, Y. Riabov, E. Richardson, D. Richford, T. Rinn, N. Riveli, D. Roach, G. Roche, S.D. Rolnick, A. Romana, M. Rosati, C.A. Rosen, S.S.E. Rosendahl, P. Rosnet, Z. Rowan, J.G. Rubin, P. Rukoyatkin, J. Runchey, P. Ružička, V.L. Rykov, M.S. Ryu, S.S. Ryu, A.S. Safonov, B. Sahlmueller, N. Saito, T. Sakaguchi, S. Sakai, K. Sakashita, H. Sakata, H. Sako, V. Samsonov, M. Sano, S. Sano, M. Sarsour, H.D. Sato, K. Sato, S. Sato, T. Sato, M. Savastio, S. Sawada, B. Schaefer, B.K. Schmoll, K. Sedgwick, J. Seele, R. Seidl, Y. Sekiguchi, A.Yu. Semenov, V. Semenov, A. Sen, R. Seto, P. Sett, A. Sexton, D. Sharma, A. Shaver, T.K. Shea, I. Shein, A. Shevel, T.-A. Shibata, K. Shigaki, H.H. Shim, M. Shimomura, T. Shioya, T. Shohjoh, K. Shoji, P. Shukla, A. Sickles, C.L. Silva, D. Silvermyr, C. Silvestre, K.S. Sim, B.K. Singh, C.P. Singh, V. Singh, M.J. Skoby, M. Skolnik, S. Skutnik, M. Slunečka, K.L. Smith, W.C. Smith, M. Snowball, T. Sodre, S. Solano, A. Soldatov, R.A. Soltz, W.E. Sondheim, S.P. Sorensen, I.V. Sourikova, N.A. Sparks, F. Staley, P.W. Stankus, P. Steinberg, E. Stenlund, M. Stepanov, A. Ster, S.P. Stoll, M.R. Stone, T. Sugitate, C. Suire, A. Sukhanov, J.P. Sullivan, T. Sumita, J. Sun, S. Syed, J. Sziklai, T. Tabaru, S. Takagi, E.M. Takagui, A. Takahara, A. Takeda, A. Taketani, R. Tanabe, K.H. Tanaka, Y. Tanaka, S. Taneja, K. Tanida, M.J. Tannenbaum, S. Tarafdar, A. Taranenko, P. Tarján, G. Tarnai, E. Tennant, H. Themann, D. Thomas, T.L. Thomas, R. Tieulent, A. Timilsina, T. Todoroki, M. Togawa, A. Toia, J. Tojo, L. Tomášek, M. Tomášek, Y. Tomita, H. Torii, C.L. Towell, M. Towell, R. Towell, R.S. Towell, V.-N. Tram, I. Tserruya, Y. Tsuchimoto, T. Tsuji, S.K. Tuli, H. Tydesjö, N. Tyurin, Y. Ueda, B. Ujvari, K. Utsunomiya, C. Vale, H. Valle, H.W. van Hecke, M. Vargyas, S. Vazquez-Carson, E. Vazquez-Zambrano, A. Veicht, J. Velkovska, R. Vértesi, A.A. Vinogradov, M. Virius, B. Voas, A. Vossen, V. Vrba, N. Vukman, E. Vznuzdaev, M. Wagner, D. Walker, X.R. Wang, Z. Wang, D. Watanabe, K. Watanabe, Y. Watanabe, Y.S. Watanabe, F. Wei, R. Wei, J. Wessels, S. Whitaker, A.S. White, S.N. White, N. Willis, D. Winter, S. Wolin, C.P. Wong, J.P. Wood, C.L. Woody, R.M. Wright, M. Wysocki, B. Xia, W. Xie, C. Xu, Q. Xu, L. Xue, S. Yalcin, Y.L. Yamaguchi, H. Yamamoto, K. Yamaura, R. Yang, A. Yanovich, Z. Yasin, P. Yin, J. Ying, S. Yokkaichi, J.H. Yoo, J.S. Yoo, I. Yoon, Z. You, G.R. Young, I. Younus, H. Yu, I.E. Yushmanov, W.A. Zajc, O. Zaudtke, A. Zelenski, C. Zhang, S. Zharko, S. Zhou, J. Zimamyi, L. Zolin, and L. Zou

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics
Published
2019
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4. Superfine Saengshik Improves Liver Protecting Effect Compared with Fine Saengshik in an Animal Model

Author

K.J. Lee, Y.H. Jeong, Y.S. Yoon, W.S. Kang, Dong Heui Kim, Y.M. Lee, B.S. Chang, and S.B. Song

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Antioxidant, Necrosis, medicine.medical_treatment, Glutathione reductase, digestive system, Diet, Macrobiotic, Superoxide dismutase, Mice, Internal medicine, Vegetables, medicine, Animals, Carbon Tetrachloride, chemistry.chemical_classification, Glutathione Peroxidase, Mice, Inbred ICR, biology, Chemistry, Glutathione peroxidase, digestive, oral, and skin physiology, Animal Feed, digestive system diseases, Enzyme assay, Glutathione Reductase, Endocrinology, Liver, Blood chemistry, Biochemistry, Toxicity, biology.protein, Food, Organic, medicine.symptom, Edible Grain, Food Science
Abstract

This study was performed to compare the effect of liver protection of fine saengshik (FS) and superfine saengshik (SS) and uncooked and powdered grains and vegetables, produced by the different mill technique on the acute hepatotoxicity induced by CCl(4) in mouse. As the result of particle size distribution in number, particles included under 0.955 microm dia were 7.02% and 68.92% respectively. Hematological and serological examination showed that AST (P < 0.05) and ALT (P < 0.05) of SS + CCl(4) group decreased significantly compared with those of FS + CCl(4) group. On the examination of antioxidant effect, water extract of SS showed a higher superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity on the condition of the HX/XOD system than that of FS (P < 0.001). Also, the glutathione peroxidase (P < 0.01) and glutathione reductase (P < 0.05) activities in liver showed a significant difference between FS + CCl(4) and SS + CCl(4) groups. On the histological observation of liver, SS + CCl(4) group showed a mild reversible hepatocytic change and infiltration of inflammatory cells around the central veins, whereas FS + CCl(4) group showed severe agglutination necrosis by CCl(4) toxicity. These results suggest that superfine saengshik significantly improves liver protection effect compared with fine saengshik; its major mechanism is supposed to be the improved antioxidant effect of saengshik by reduced size of particles.

Published
2009
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5. DLC coating for video head

Author

S.J. Kim, B.S. Chang, I.Sh. Trakhtenberg, Junghoon Lee, V. L. Arbuzov, S.A. Plotnikov, Vladimir Borisovich Vykhodets, and A.E. Davletshin

Subjects
Materials science, Mechanical Engineering, Video tape, Still frame, General Chemistry, Ion bombardment, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Wear resistance, Sputtering, Ferrite (iron), Materials Chemistry, Forensic engineering, Graphite, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Composite material, Dlc coating
Abstract

The effect of the thickness of DLCs sputtered on video heads upon the value of the playback signal and visibility of the gap in the ferrite surface was examined. It was found that DLCs improve the wear resistance of the heads, whereas the playback quality depends on the probability of the DLC peeling off during friction on the video tape. Technological regimes involving vacuum-pulsed arc sputtering of graphite in combination with ionic bombardment of the ferrite surface and the DLC were worked out. These regimes provide a good adhesion and smoothness of the film surface. Tests of video heads covered with DLCs showed that the wear resistance and the ‘still frame’ time of these heads are several times larger than those of standard video heads. A reliable and highly efficient commercial technology for the production of DLC video heads has been developed.

Published
1999
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6. P.1.j.003 Neuropsychological profiles in periventricular nodular heterotopia

Author

K. Romatoski, Burkhard S. Kasper, E. Pauli, Katrin Kurzbuch, B.S. Chang, and M.E. Barnard

Subjects
Pharmacology, Psychiatry and Mental health, Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, Neurology, business.industry, Periventricular Nodular Heterotopia, Neuropsychology, Medicine, Pharmacology (medical), Neurology (clinical), business, Biological Psychiatry
Published
2015
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7. Distribution system feeder cold load pickup model

Author

C.L. Cheng, R.C. Leou, Z.L. Gaing, Chan-Nan Lu, and B.S. Chang

Subjects
Engineering, Load measurement, Operations research, Distribution networks, business.industry, Load Shedding, Energy Engineering and Power Technology, Service restoration, Demand forecasting, Distribution system, Cold load pickup, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, business, Marine engineering
Abstract

In order to maintain a balance between the generation and laod during service restoration, it is important to have mathematical voluminous feeder load measurement data collected duing larg-sclae reotating interruptions is presented in theis paper. REgression voluminous feeder load measurement data collected during large-scale rotating interruptions is presented in this paper. Regression models are proposed to estimate the feeder and substation cold load pickups after scheduled outages.

Published
1996
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8. A linear programming method for the scheduling of pumped-storage units with oscillatory stability constraints

Author

B.S. Chang, K.K. Chen, Lin-Her Jeng, and Yuan-Yih Hsu

Subjects
Engineering, Mathematical optimization, Schedule, Linear programming, business.industry, Scheduling (production processes), Energy Engineering and Power Technology, Optimal control, Dynamic programming, Electric power system, Control theory, Operational planning, Differential dynamic programming, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, business
Abstract

Scheduling of pumped-storage units at the Taiwan Power Company (TPC) is investigated in this work. In addition to economic considerations, oscillatory stability of the power system as affected by the operation of pumped-storage units is of major concern. To achieve a secure as well as economical dispatching schedule for the pumped-storage units, differential dynamic programming is first employed to reach a preliminary schedule in which total fuel cost of the thermal units over the study period is minimized. Oscillatory stability analysis of the power system under the preliminary schedule is then performed by computing the eigenvalues and eigenvectors for all electromechanical modes. Sensitivities of the eigenvalues for the poorly-damped inter-area mode with respect to individual generator outputs are evaluated. Then a systematic approach based on linear programming is presented to refine the preliminary schedule in order to improve the damping for the inter-area mode. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is demonstrated by short term operational planning of the Taiwan power system.

Published
1996
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9. P.1.j.010 Neuropsychological profiles in periventricular nodular heterotopia

Author

M.E. Barnard, K. Romatoski, Burkhard S. Kasper, E. Pauli, B.S. Chang, and Katrin Kurzbuch

Subjects
Pharmacology, Psychiatry and Mental health, Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, Neurology, business.industry, Periventricular Nodular Heterotopia, Neuropsychology, Medicine, Pharmacology (medical), Neurology (clinical), business, Biological Psychiatry
Published
2014
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11. Epitaxial growth of nitride semiconductor films by laser ablation

Author

B.S. Chang, Akira Yoshida, Akihiro Wakahara, and K. Ouyang

Subjects
Materials science, Laser ablation, Excimer laser, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, Metals and Alloys, Surfaces and Interfaces, Substrate (electronics), Nitride, Epitaxy, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Optics, Materials Chemistry, medicine, Sapphire, Optoelectronics, Thin film, business, Layer (electronics)
Abstract

GaN epitaxial films on (0001) sapphire substrates were fabricated by laser ablation, An ArF excimer laser (193 nm, 25 ns) with an energy of 140 ml/pulse was used for ablating cold-pressed GaN targets made from high-purity GaN powders. Just before the deposition, thermal cleaning of the substrate surface at 1073 K was essential. The substrate temperature was varied between 873 and 1073 K, Above 973 K, the epitaxial layers were obtained, When a buffer layer of GaN was deposited at lower temperatures before the epitaxial growth, the crystalline quality and surface morphology were greatly improved.

Published
1999
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12. Safety net design and implementation in Taiwan power system

Author

T.Y. Hsiao, Y.H. Liu, C.L. Cheng, B.S. Chang, and Chan-Nan Lu

Subjects
business.industry, Safety net, Blackout, Power (physics), Reliability engineering, Electric power system, Reliability (semiconductor), Geography, Frequency domain, medicine, Transient (oscillation), Electric power industry, medicine.symptom, Telecommunications, business
Abstract

The blackout event of July 29, 1999 in Taiwan power system has led to a thorough review of the current Taiwan power service reliability. An in-depth discussion of the incident causes through the analyses of load flow, transient stability (time domain), dynamic stability (frequency domain) and voltage stability is given in this paper. In order to avoid the wide spread incident to occur again, Taiwan Power Company (TPC) has designed and implemented a safety net for preventing extreme contingencies and unplanned events. This paper gives an overview of the safety net, including the design philosophy, action logic and Communication structure.

Published
2002
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13. Power system network topology error detection

Author

J.H. Teng, Chan-Nan Lu, and B.S. Chang

Subjects
Engineering, Observational error, business.industry, Computation, Real-time computing, Topology (electrical circuits), Network topology, law.invention, Electric power system, Consistency (database systems), law, Electrical network, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Error detection and correction, business, Algorithm
Abstract

The accuracy of state estimation determines the usefulness of real-time power system operation and control applications. To have an accurate state estimation it is essential to have the capability of detecting bad measurement data and topology errors in the model. While analogue measurement errors have received considerable attention, relatively little effort has been given to detection of topology errors. A procedure that combines numerical computation and various consistency checks is proposed to detect topology errors in the state estimation model. Tests based on real-time measurement data collected in an energy control centre have indicated that the proposed method can be used to detect branch inclusion, exclusion and bus configuration errors.

Published
1994
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14. Thermal Inactivation Kinetics of Horseradish Peroxidase

Author

K.H. Park, B.S. Chang, and D.B. Lund

Subjects
Sucrose, Chromatography, Order of reaction, biology, Fructose, Horseradish peroxidase, chemistry.chemical_compound, Differential scanning calorimetry, chemistry, biology.protein, Denaturation (biochemistry), Thermal stability, Lactose, Food Science
Abstract

Thermal inactivation of horse radish peroxidase (HRP) in buffer and sucrose solution was studied with Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and by determining residual activity. For both experimental systems, the apparent reaction order for thermal inactivation was 1.5. Since the four isozymes varied in heat-resistance, the 1.5 order was probably due to heterogeneity of HRP. An increase in the maximum denaturation temperature by DSC as sucrose concentration increased suggested that the addition of sucrose stabilized the enzyme against thermal denaturation. However, based on the determination of residual activity, sucrose reduce thermal stability of HRP at 10–20% (w/w) and increased thermal stability when the concentration was 40% or greater. At equimolar concentrations of fructose, glucose or lactose at 90°C, HRP was more rapidly inactivated than in the presence of sucrose.

Published
1988
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15. Complete Extracorporeal Removal of Metabolic Carbon Dioxide by Alkali Administration and Dialysis in Apnea

Author

S. Garella and B.S. Chang

Subjects
Mechanical ventilation, ARDS, Chemistry, medicine.medical_treatment, 030232 urology & nephrology, Biomedical Engineering, Medicine (miscellaneous), Apnea, Bioengineering, General Medicine, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, medicine.disease, pCO2, Oxygen tension, Biomaterials, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Anesthesia, medicine, Breathing, Hemodialysis, medicine.symptom, Dialysis
Abstract

The high mortality rate of patients afflicted with adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) may be due, in part, to the hemodynamic changes and the barotrauma accompanying mechanical ventilation, especially when high positive pressure and oxygen tension are used. Recent experimental evidence suggests that prognosis may be improved by suspending ventilation: in the apneic condition, oxygenation can be maintained by trans-alveolar oxygen diffusion, while extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal (ECCO2R), achieved with membrane lungs, assures CO2 homeostasis. This technology, however, requires high blood flow rates, and is available only to very few specially equipped centers. We report results of experiments in dogs using an alternative approach to ECCO2R during apnea. Dissolved CO2 was converted to bicarbonate by the systemic infusion of NaOH at the rate of 0.15 mM/kg/min; the generated bicarbonate was then removed by hemodialysis against a bicarbonate-free dialysate, at a blood flow rate of 200 ml/min. Sodium and fluid balance were maintained by ultrafiltration. Observations in five dogs confirm that systemic pCO2, TCO2, and pH can be maintained well within physiologic ranges, and that prolonged apnea followed by full recovery can be achieved with this methodology. Mecause of the wide availability of dialysis equipment and expertise, and of lowerr extracorporeal blood flow requirements, ECCO2R by alkali administration and hemodialysis offers a potentially attractive alternative approach to the use of membrane lungs in the apneic therapy of ARDS.

Published
1983
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18. Advanced Integrated Science Courses: Building a Skill Set to Engage With the Interface of Research and Medicine.

Author

Miloslavsky EM, Besche HC, Calderwood SB, Chang BS, Dienstag JL, King RW, Mitchell RN, Schwartzstein RM, Thomas H, Hundert EM, and Flanagan JG

Subjects
Humans, Learning, Schools, Medical, Clinical Clerkship, Curriculum
Abstract

Scientific research has been changing medical practice at an increasing pace. To keep up with this change, physicians of the future will need to be lifelong learners with the skills to engage with emerging science and translate it into clinical care. How medical schools can best prepare students for ongoing scientific change remains unclear. Adding to the challenge is reduced time allocated to basic science in curricula and rapid expansion of relevant scientific fields. A return to science with greater depth after clinical clerkships has been suggested, although few schools have adopted such curricula and implementation can present challenges. The authors describe an innovation at Harvard Medical School, the Advanced Integrated Science Courses (AISCs), which are taken after core clerkships. Students are required to take 2 such courses, which are offered in a variety of topics. Rather than factual content, the learning objectives are a set of generalizable skills to enable students to critically evaluate emerging research and its relationship to medical practice. Making these generalizable skills the defining principle of the courses has several important advantages: it allows standardization of acquired skills to be combined with diverse course topics ranging from basic to translational and population sciences; students can choose courses and projects aligned with their interests, thereby enhancing engagement, curiosity, and career relevance; schools can tailor course offerings to the interests of local faculty; and the generalizable skills delineate a unique purpose of these courses within the overall medical school curriculum. For the 3 years AISCs have been offered, students rated the courses highly and reported learning the intended skill set effectively. The AISC concept addresses the challenge of preparing students for this era of rapidly expanding science and should be readily adaptable to other medical schools., (Copyright © 2022 by the Association of American Medical Colleges.)

Published
2022
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19. The Harvard Medical School Pathways Curriculum: Reimagining Developmentally Appropriate Medical Education for Contemporary Learners.

Author

Schwartzstein RM, Dienstag JL, King RW, Chang BS, Flanagan JG, Besche HC, Hoenig MP, Miloslavsky EM, Atkins KM, Puig A, Cockrill BA, Wittels KA, Dalrymple JL, Gooding H, Hirsh DA, Alexander EK, Fazio SB, and Hundert EM

Subjects
Educational Measurement, Faculty, Medical, Humans, Needs Assessment, Teaching, Clinical Competence, Curriculum, Education, Medical, Undergraduate, Problem-Based Learning, Stakeholder Participation, Thinking
Abstract

As the U.S. health care system changes and technology alters how doctors work and learn, medical schools and their faculty are compelled to modify their curricula and teaching methods. In this article, educational leaders and key faculty describe how the Pathways curriculum was conceived, designed, and implemented at Harvard Medical School. Faculty were committed to the principle that educators should focus on how students learn and their ability to apply what they learn in the evaluation and care of patients. Using the best evidence from the cognitive sciences about adult learning, they made major changes in the pedagogical approach employed in the classroom and clinic. The curriculum was built upon 4 foundational principles: to enhance critical thinking and provide developmentally appropriate content; to ensure both horizontal integration between courses and vertical integration between phases of the curriculum; to engage learners, foster curiosity, and reinforce the importance of student ownership and responsibility for their learning; and to support students' transformation to a professional dedicated to the care of their patients and to their obligations for lifelong, self-directed learning.The practice of medicine is rapidly evolving and will undoubtedly change in multiple ways over the career of a physician. By emphasizing personal responsibility, professionalism, and thinking skills over content transfer, the authors believe this curriculum will prepare students not only for the first day of practice but also for an uncertain future in the biological sciences, health and disease, and the nation's health care system, which they will encounter in the decades to come.

Published
2020
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20. Fostering Student-Faculty Partnerships for Continuous Curricular Improvement in Undergraduate Medical Education.

Author

Scott KW, Callahan DG, Chen JJ, Lynn MH, Cote DJ, Morenz A, Fisher J, Antoine VL, Lemoine ER, Bakshi SK, Stuart J, Hundert EM, Chang BS, and Gooding H

Subjects
Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Organizational Culture, Program Evaluation, Schools, Medical organization & administration, Curriculum standards, Education, Medical, Undergraduate standards, Faculty, Medical psychology, Quality Improvement, Students, Medical psychology
Abstract

Problem: A number of medical schools have used curricular reform as an opportunity to formalize student involvement in medical education, but there are few published assessments of these programs. Formal evaluation of a program's acceptability and use is essential for determining its potential for sustainability and generalizability., Approach: Harvard Medical School's Education Representatives (Ed Reps) program was created in 2015 to launch alongside a new curriculum. The program aimed to foster partnerships between faculty and students for continuous and real-time curricular improvement. Ed Reps, course directors, and core faculty met regularly to convey bidirectional feedback to optimize the learning environment in real time., Outcomes: A survey to assess the program's impact was sent to students and faculty. The majority of students (202/222; 91.0%) reported Ed Reps had a positive impact on the curriculum. Among faculty, 35/37 (94.6%) reported making changes to their courses as a result of Ed Reps feedback, and 34/37 (91.9%) agreed the program had a positive impact on the learning environment. Qualitative feedback from students and faculty demonstrated a change in school culture, reflecting the primary goals of partnership and continuous quality improvement (CQI)., Next Steps: This student-faculty partnership demonstrated high rates of awareness, use, and satisfaction among faculty and students, suggesting its potential for local sustainability and implementation at other schools seeking to formalize student engagement in CQI. Next steps include ensuring the feedback provided is representative of the student body and identifying new areas for student CQI input as the curriculum becomes more established.

Published
2019
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