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3. D

Author

Franz von Bruchhausen, Eberhard Hackenthal, Siegfried Ebel, Ulrike Holzgrabe, August Wilhelm Frahm, M. Albinus, G. Amschler, E. von Angerer, null Arras-Reiter, P. Barth, W. Barthel, K. Bauer, P. Bauer, I. Baumann, J. Beckmann, W. Beil, J. Reitz, K. Binder, F. Bossle, F. Bracher, H. Bräunlich, E. Bretschneider, R. Brigelius-Flohé, K. Brinkmann, F. von Bruchhausen, A. Rüge, W. Christ, M. Cimbollek, R. Daniels, G. Dannhardt, H. Duchstein, S. Ebel, K. Eger, P. Eichhorn, U. Eiben, T. Erker, P. Felfe, A. Frahm, M. Frahm, V. Franke, K. Freundt, D. Geffken, U. Geis, E. Glusa, B. Göber, P. Gobina, W. Golder, M. Goppelt­Strübe, K. Götte, E. Gottstein, G. Greif, A. Grisk, M. Grosam, H. Gustmann, M. Gütschow, E. Hackenthal, A. Häfner, B. Haluszczynski, A. Harder, H. Häusler, D. Heber, M. Heidenreich, G. Heinemeyer, E. Heller, D. von Herrath, J. Hilfenhaus, H. Hoffmann, U. Hoffmann-Schollmayer, B. Hofmann, C. Holpert, U. Holzgrabe, U. Hübner-Steiner, M. Hug, E. Inkmann, A. Jördens, J. Jürgens, B. Kaiser, D. Kalbhen, H. Kemmler, P. Kisser, D. Kleinsorge, C. Klett, S. Klett, M. Klingmüller, H. Klöcking, A. Kramer, B. Krammer, M. Kreher, M. Krüger, M. Kuhn, D. Landsiedel-Maier, P. Lauven, J. Lehmann, M. Lehner, D. Leopoldt, A. Maurer, W. Meindl, K. Menges, P. Mes­singer, F. Meyer, W. Meyerhof, R. Morgenstern, U. Mühlhans, A. Müller, C. Müller, K. Müller, A. Mülsch, C. Nachtsheim, M. Neugebauer, W. Neupert, P. Nickel, P. Nuhn, B. Nürnberg, H. Oelschläger, J. Oertel, M. Oettel, R. Ott, T. Ott, T. Otzen, P. Pachaly, H. Pelzer, K. Petersen, R. Pick, M. Pickert, A. Pies, H. Priewer, O. Queckenberg, G. Radau, E. Reimann, J. Remien, M. Reuß, W. Reuß, J. Richter, P. Richter, K. Riecke, H. Rommelspacher, U. Rose, G. Roth, D. Rothley, G. Rücker, J. Schäfer, J. Schantl, H. Schlager, H. Schleinitz, W. Schlichter, M. Schmauß, H. Schmidhammer, G. Schmidt, T. Schmidt, H. Schmitt, J. Sehräder, T. Schulz, H. Schwilden, M. Serke, G. Skopp, G. Skorka, K. Smolinka, U. Speck, M. Spohn, R. Stahlmann, J. Stasch, C. Steffen, H. Stein, J. Steinmeyer, K. Stiefvater, G. Strippel, K. Surborg, U. Stürig, H. Szelényi, I. Szelényi, A. Täufel, R. Thieroff-Ekerdt, R. Troschütz, H. Ungeheuer, B. Unterhalt, E. Verspohl, S. Vogel, F. Volk, T. Vorwerk, J. Wallmann, H. Weber, M. Wenzel, M. Weyandt-Spangenberg, S. Wich, R. Wintersteiger, B. Wüst, and D. Youssef

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1999
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4. A

Author

Franz von Bruchhausen, Eberhard Hackenthal, Siegfried Ebel, Ulrike Holzgrabe, August Wilhelm Frahm, M. Albinus, G. Amschler, E. von Angerer, null Arras-Reiter, P. Barth, W. Barthel, K. Bauer, P. Bauer, I. Baumann, J. Beckmann, W. Beil, J. Reitz, K. Binder, F. Bossle, F. Bracher, H. Bräunlich, E. Bretschneider, R. Brigelius-Flohé, K. Brinkmann, F. von Bruchhausen, A. Rüge, W. Christ, M. Cimbollek, R. Daniels, G. Dannhardt, H. Duchstein, S. Ebel, K. Eger, P. Eichhorn, U. Eiben, T. Erker, P. Felfe, A. Frahm, M. Frahm, V. Franke, K. Freundt, D. Geffken, U. Geis, E. Glusa, B. Göber, P. Gobina, W. Golder, M. Goppelt­Strübe, K. Götte, E. Gottstein, G. Greif, A. Grisk, M. Grosam, H. Gustmann, M. Gütschow, E. Hackenthal, A. Häfner, B. Haluszczynski, A. Harder, H. Häusler, D. Heber, M. Heidenreich, G. Heinemeyer, E. Heller, D. von Herrath, J. Hilfenhaus, H. Hoffmann, U. Hoffmann-Schollmayer, B. Hofmann, C. Holpert, U. Holzgrabe, U. Hübner-Steiner, M. Hug, E. Inkmann, A. Jördens, J. Jürgens, B. Kaiser, D. Kalbhen, H. Kemmler, P. Kisser, D. Kleinsorge, C. Klett, S. Klett, M. Klingmüller, H. Klöcking, A. Kramer, B. Krammer, M. Kreher, M. Krüger, M. Kuhn, D. Landsiedel-Maier, P. Lauven, J. Lehmann, M. Lehner, D. Leopoldt, A. Maurer, W. Meindl, K. Menges, P. Mes­singer, F. Meyer, W. Meyerhof, R. Morgenstern, U. Mühlhans, A. Müller, C. Müller, K. Müller, A. Mülsch, C. Nachtsheim, M. Neugebauer, W. Neupert, P. Nickel, P. Nuhn, B. Nürnberg, H. Oelschläger, J. Oertel, M. Oettel, R. Ott, T. Ott, T. Otzen, P. Pachaly, H. Pelzer, K. Petersen, R. Pick, M. Pickert, A. Pies, H. Priewer, O. Queckenberg, G. Radau, E. Reimann, J. Remien, M. Reuß, W. Reuß, J. Richter, P. Richter, K. Riecke, H. Rommelspacher, U. Rose, G. Roth, D. Rothley, G. Rücker, J. Schäfer, J. Schantl, H. Schlager, H. Schleinitz, W. Schlichter, M. Schmauß, H. Schmidhammer, G. Schmidt, T. Schmidt, H. Schmitt, J. Sehräder, T. Schulz, H. Schwilden, M. Serke, G. Skopp, G. Skorka, K. Smolinka, U. Speck, M. Spohn, R. Stahlmann, J. Stasch, C. Steffen, H. Stein, J. Steinmeyer, K. Stiefvater, G. Strippel, K. Surborg, U. Stürig, H. Szelényi, I. Szelényi, A. Täufel, R. Thieroff-Ekerdt, R. Troschütz, H. Ungeheuer, B. Unterhalt, E. Verspohl, S. Vogel, F. Volk, T. Vorwerk, J. Wallmann, H. Weber, M. Wenzel, M. Weyandt-Spangenberg, S. Wich, R. Wintersteiger, B. Wüst, and D. Youssef

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1999
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5. H

Author

Franz von Bruchhausen, Eberhard Hackenthal, Siegfried Ebel, Ulrike Holzgrabe, August Wilhelm Frahm, M. Albinus, G. Amschler, E. von Angerer, null Arras-Reiter, P. Barth, W. Barthel, K. Bauer, P. Bauer, I. Baumann, J. Beckmann, W. Beil, J. Reitz, K. Binder, F. Bossle, F. Bracher, H. Bräunlich, E. Bretschneider, R. Brigelius-Flohé, K. Brinkmann, F. von Bruchhausen, A. Rüge, W. Christ, M. Cimbollek, R. Daniels, G. Dannhardt, H. Duchstein, S. Ebel, K. Eger, P. Eichhorn, U. Eiben, T. Erker, P. Felfe, A. Frahm, M. Frahm, V. Franke, K. Freundt, D. Geffken, U. Geis, E. Glusa, B. Göber, P. Gobina, W. Golder, M. Goppelt­Strübe, K. Götte, E. Gottstein, G. Greif, A. Grisk, M. Grosam, H. Gustmann, M. Gütschow, E. Hackenthal, A. Häfner, B. Haluszczynski, A. Harder, H. Häusler, D. Heber, M. Heidenreich, G. Heinemeyer, E. Heller, D. von Herrath, J. Hilfenhaus, H. Hoffmann, U. Hoffmann-Schollmayer, B. Hofmann, C. Holpert, U. Holzgrabe, U. Hübner-Steiner, M. Hug, E. Inkmann, A. Jördens, J. Jürgens, B. Kaiser, D. Kalbhen, H. Kemmler, P. Kisser, D. Kleinsorge, C. Klett, S. Klett, M. Klingmüller, H. Klöcking, A. Kramer, B. Krammer, M. Kreher, M. Krüger, M. Kuhn, D. Landsiedel-Maier, P. Lauven, J. Lehmann, M. Lehner, D. Leopoldt, A. Maurer, W. Meindl, K. Menges, P. Mes­singer, F. Meyer, W. Meyerhof, R. Morgenstern, U. Mühlhans, A. Müller, C. Müller, K. Müller, A. Mülsch, C. Nachtsheim, M. Neugebauer, W. Neupert, P. Nickel, P. Nuhn, B. Nürnberg, H. Oelschläger, J. Oertel, M. Oettel, R. Ott, T. Ott, T. Otzen, P. Pachaly, H. Pelzer, K. Petersen, R. Pick, M. Pickert, A. Pies, H. Priewer, O. Queckenberg, G. Radau, E. Reimann, J. Remien, M. Reuß, W. Reuß, J. Richter, P. Richter, K. Riecke, H. Rommelspacher, U. Rose, G. Roth, D. Rothley, G. Rücker, J. Schäfer, J. Schantl, H. Schlager, H. Schleinitz, W. Schlichter, M. Schmauß, H. Schmidhammer, G. Schmidt, T. Schmidt, H. Schmitt, J. Sehräder, T. Schulz, H. Schwilden, M. Serke, G. Skopp, G. Skorka, K. Smolinka, U. Speck, M. Spohn, R. Stahlmann, J. Stasch, C. Steffen, H. Stein, J. Steinmeyer, K. Stiefvater, G. Strippel, K. Surborg, U. Stürig, H. Szelényi, I. Szelényi, A. Täufel, R. Thieroff-Ekerdt, R. Troschütz, H. Ungeheuer, B. Unterhalt, E. Verspohl, S. Vogel, F. Volk, T. Vorwerk, J. Wallmann, H. Weber, M. Wenzel, M. Weyandt-Spangenberg, S. Wich, R. Wintersteiger, B. Wüst, and D. Youssef

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1999
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6. I

Author

Franz von Bruchhausen, Eberhard Hackenthal, Siegfried Ebel, Ulrike Holzgrabe, August Wilhelm Frahm, M. Albinus, G. Amschler, E. von Angerer, null Arras-Reiter, P. Barth, W. Barthel, K. Bauer, P. Bauer, I. Baumann, J. Beckmann, W. Beil, J. Reitz, K. Binder, F. Bossle, F. Bracher, H. Bräunlich, E. Bretschneider, R. Brigelius-Flohé, K. Brinkmann, F. von Bruchhausen, A. Rüge, W. Christ, M. Cimbollek, R. Daniels, G. Dannhardt, H. Duchstein, S. Ebel, K. Eger, P. Eichhorn, U. Eiben, T. Erker, P. Felfe, A. Frahm, M. Frahm, V. Franke, K. Freundt, D. Geffken, U. Geis, E. Glusa, B. Göber, P. Gobina, W. Golder, M. Goppelt­Strübe, K. Götte, E. Gottstein, G. Greif, A. Grisk, M. Grosam, H. Gustmann, M. Gütschow, E. Hackenthal, A. Häfner, B. Haluszczynski, A. Harder, H. Häusler, D. Heber, M. Heidenreich, G. Heinemeyer, E. Heller, D. von Herrath, J. Hilfenhaus, H. Hoffmann, U. Hoffmann-Schollmayer, B. Hofmann, C. Holpert, U. Holzgrabe, U. Hübner-Steiner, M. Hug, E. Inkmann, A. Jördens, J. Jürgens, B. Kaiser, D. Kalbhen, H. Kemmler, P. Kisser, D. Kleinsorge, C. Klett, S. Klett, M. Klingmüller, H. Klöcking, A. Kramer, B. Krammer, M. Kreher, M. Krüger, M. Kuhn, D. Landsiedel-Maier, P. Lauven, J. Lehmann, M. Lehner, D. Leopoldt, A. Maurer, W. Meindl, K. Menges, P. Mes­singer, F. Meyer, W. Meyerhof, R. Morgenstern, U. Mühlhans, A. Müller, C. Müller, K. Müller, A. Mülsch, C. Nachtsheim, M. Neugebauer, W. Neupert, P. Nickel, P. Nuhn, B. Nürnberg, H. Oelschläger, J. Oertel, M. Oettel, R. Ott, T. Ott, T. Otzen, P. Pachaly, H. Pelzer, K. Petersen, R. Pick, M. Pickert, A. Pies, H. Priewer, O. Queckenberg, G. Radau, E. Reimann, J. Remien, M. Reuß, W. Reuß, J. Richter, P. Richter, K. Riecke, H. Rommelspacher, U. Rose, G. Roth, D. Rothley, G. Rücker, J. Schäfer, J. Schantl, H. Schlager, H. Schleinitz, W. Schlichter, M. Schmauß, H. Schmidhammer, G. Schmidt, T. Schmidt, H. Schmitt, J. Sehräder, T. Schulz, H. Schwilden, M. Serke, G. Skopp, G. Skorka, K. Smolinka, U. Speck, M. Spohn, R. Stahlmann, J. Stasch, C. Steffen, H. Stein, J. Steinmeyer, K. Stiefvater, G. Strippel, K. Surborg, U. Stürig, H. Szelényi, I. Szelényi, A. Täufel, R. Thieroff-Ekerdt, R. Troschütz, H. Ungeheuer, B. Unterhalt, E. Verspohl, S. Vogel, F. Volk, T. Vorwerk, J. Wallmann, H. Weber, M. Wenzel, M. Weyandt-Spangenberg, S. Wich, R. Wintersteiger, B. Wüst, and D. Youssef

Published
1999
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7. C

Author

Franz von Bruchhausen, Eberhard Hackenthal, Siegfried Ebel, Ulrike Holzgrabe, August Wilhelm Frahm, M. Albinus, G. Amschler, E. von Angerer, null Arras-Reiter, P. Barth, W. Barthel, K. Bauer, P. Bauer, I. Baumann, J. Beckmann, W. Beil, J. Reitz, K. Binder, F. Bossle, F. Bracher, H. Bräunlich, E. Bretschneider, R. Brigelius-Flohé, K. Brinkmann, F. von Bruchhausen, A. Rüge, W. Christ, M. Cimbollek, R. Daniels, G. Dannhardt, H. Duchstein, S. Ebel, K. Eger, P. Eichhorn, U. Eiben, T. Erker, P. Felfe, A. Frahm, M. Frahm, V. Franke, K. Freundt, D. Geffken, U. Geis, E. Glusa, B. Göber, P. Gobina, W. Golder, M. Goppelt­Strübe, K. Götte, E. Gottstein, G. Greif, A. Grisk, M. Grosam, H. Gustmann, M. Gütschow, E. Hackenthal, A. Häfner, B. Haluszczynski, A. Harder, H. Häusler, D. Heber, M. Heidenreich, G. Heinemeyer, E. Heller, D. von Herrath, J. Hilfenhaus, H. Hoffmann, U. Hoffmann-Schollmayer, B. Hofmann, C. Holpert, U. Holzgrabe, U. Hübner-Steiner, M. Hug, E. Inkmann, A. Jördens, J. Jürgens, B. Kaiser, D. Kalbhen, H. Kemmler, P. Kisser, D. Kleinsorge, C. Klett, S. Klett, M. Klingmüller, H. Klöcking, A. Kramer, B. Krammer, M. Kreher, M. Krüger, M. Kuhn, D. Landsiedel-Maier, P. Lauven, J. Lehmann, M. Lehner, D. Leopoldt, A. Maurer, W. Meindl, K. Menges, P. Mes­singer, F. Meyer, W. Meyerhof, R. Morgenstern, U. Mühlhans, A. Müller, C. Müller, K. Müller, A. Mülsch, C. Nachtsheim, M. Neugebauer, W. Neupert, P. Nickel, P. Nuhn, B. Nürnberg, H. Oelschläger, J. Oertel, M. Oettel, R. Ott, T. Ott, T. Otzen, P. Pachaly, H. Pelzer, K. Petersen, R. Pick, M. Pickert, A. Pies, H. Priewer, O. Queckenberg, G. Radau, E. Reimann, J. Remien, M. Reuß, W. Reuß, J. Richter, P. Richter, K. Riecke, H. Rommelspacher, U. Rose, G. Roth, D. Rothley, G. Rücker, J. Schäfer, J. Schantl, H. Schlager, H. Schleinitz, W. Schlichter, M. Schmauß, H. Schmidhammer, G. Schmidt, T. Schmidt, H. Schmitt, J. Sehräder, T. Schulz, H. Schwilden, M. Serke, G. Skopp, G. Skorka, K. Smolinka, U. Speck, M. Spohn, R. Stahlmann, J. Stasch, C. Steffen, H. Stein, J. Steinmeyer, K. Stiefvater, G. Strippel, K. Surborg, U. Stürig, H. Szelényi, I. Szelényi, A. Täufel, R. Thieroff-Ekerdt, R. Troschütz, H. Ungeheuer, B. Unterhalt, E. Verspohl, S. Vogel, F. Volk, T. Vorwerk, J. Wallmann, H. Weber, M. Wenzel, M. Weyandt-Spangenberg, S. Wich, R. Wintersteiger, B. Wüst, and D. Youssef

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1999
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8. G

Author

Franz von Bruchhausen, Eberhard Hackenthal, Siegfried Ebel, Ulrike Holzgrabe, August Wilhelm Frahm, M. Albinus, G. Amschler, E. von Angerer, null Arras-Reiter, P. Barth, W. Barthel, K. Bauer, P. Bauer, I. Baumann, J. Beckmann, W. Beil, J. Reitz, K. Binder, F. Bossle, F. Bracher, H. Bräunlich, E. Bretschneider, R. Brigelius-Flohé, K. Brinkmann, F. von Bruchhausen, A. Rüge, W. Christ, M. Cimbollek, R. Daniels, G. Dannhardt, H. Duchstein, S. Ebel, K. Eger, P. Eichhorn, U. Eiben, T. Erker, P. Felfe, A. Frahm, M. Frahm, V. Franke, K. Freundt, D. Geffken, U. Geis, E. Glusa, B. Göber, P. Gobina, W. Golder, M. Goppelt­Strübe, K. Götte, E. Gottstein, G. Greif, A. Grisk, M. Grosam, H. Gustmann, M. Gütschow, E. Hackenthal, A. Häfner, B. Haluszczynski, A. Harder, H. Häusler, D. Heber, M. Heidenreich, G. Heinemeyer, E. Heller, D. von Herrath, J. Hilfenhaus, H. Hoffmann, U. Hoffmann-Schollmayer, B. Hofmann, C. Holpert, U. Holzgrabe, U. Hübner-Steiner, M. Hug, E. Inkmann, A. Jördens, J. Jürgens, B. Kaiser, D. Kalbhen, H. Kemmler, P. Kisser, D. Kleinsorge, C. Klett, S. Klett, M. Klingmüller, H. Klöcking, A. Kramer, B. Krammer, M. Kreher, M. Krüger, M. Kuhn, D. Landsiedel-Maier, P. Lauven, J. Lehmann, M. Lehner, D. Leopoldt, A. Maurer, W. Meindl, K. Menges, P. Mes­singer, F. Meyer, W. Meyerhof, R. Morgenstern, U. Mühlhans, A. Müller, C. Müller, K. Müller, A. Mülsch, C. Nachtsheim, M. Neugebauer, W. Neupert, P. Nickel, P. Nuhn, B. Nürnberg, H. Oelschläger, J. Oertel, M. Oettel, R. Ott, T. Ott, T. Otzen, P. Pachaly, H. Pelzer, K. Petersen, R. Pick, M. Pickert, A. Pies, H. Priewer, O. Queckenberg, G. Radau, E. Reimann, J. Remien, M. Reuß, W. Reuß, J. Richter, P. Richter, K. Riecke, H. Rommelspacher, U. Rose, G. Roth, D. Rothley, G. Rücker, J. Schäfer, J. Schantl, H. Schlager, H. Schleinitz, W. Schlichter, M. Schmauß, H. Schmidhammer, G. Schmidt, T. Schmidt, H. Schmitt, J. Sehräder, T. Schulz, H. Schwilden, M. Serke, G. Skopp, G. Skorka, K. Smolinka, U. Speck, M. Spohn, R. Stahlmann, J. Stasch, C. Steffen, H. Stein, J. Steinmeyer, K. Stiefvater, G. Strippel, K. Surborg, U. Stürig, H. Szelényi, I. Szelényi, A. Täufel, R. Thieroff-Ekerdt, R. Troschütz, H. Ungeheuer, B. Unterhalt, E. Verspohl, S. Vogel, F. Volk, T. Vorwerk, J. Wallmann, H. Weber, M. Wenzel, M. Weyandt-Spangenberg, S. Wich, R. Wintersteiger, B. Wüst, and D. Youssef

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1999
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9. F

Author

Franz von Bruchhausen, Eberhard Hackenthal, Siegfried Ebel, Ulrike Holzgrabe, August Wilhelm Frahm, M. Albinus, G. Amschler, E. von Angerer, null Arras-Reiter, P. Barth, W. Barthel, K. Bauer, P. Bauer, I. Baumann, J. Beckmann, W. Beil, J. Reitz, K. Binder, F. Bossle, F. Bracher, H. Bräunlich, E. Bretschneider, R. Brigelius-Flohé, K. Brinkmann, F. von Bruchhausen, A. Rüge, W. Christ, M. Cimbollek, R. Daniels, G. Dannhardt, H. Duchstein, S. Ebel, K. Eger, P. Eichhorn, U. Eiben, T. Erker, P. Felfe, A. Frahm, M. Frahm, V. Franke, K. Freundt, D. Geffken, U. Geis, E. Glusa, B. Göber, P. Gobina, W. Golder, M. Goppelt­Strübe, K. Götte, E. Gottstein, G. Greif, A. Grisk, M. Grosam, H. Gustmann, M. Gütschow, E. Hackenthal, A. Häfner, B. Haluszczynski, A. Harder, H. Häusler, D. Heber, M. Heidenreich, G. Heinemeyer, E. Heller, D. von Herrath, J. Hilfenhaus, H. Hoffmann, U. Hoffmann-Schollmayer, B. Hofmann, C. Holpert, U. Holzgrabe, U. Hübner-Steiner, M. Hug, E. Inkmann, A. Jördens, J. Jürgens, B. Kaiser, D. Kalbhen, H. Kemmler, P. Kisser, D. Kleinsorge, C. Klett, S. Klett, M. Klingmüller, H. Klöcking, A. Kramer, B. Krammer, M. Kreher, M. Krüger, M. Kuhn, D. Landsiedel-Maier, P. Lauven, J. Lehmann, M. Lehner, D. Leopoldt, A. Maurer, W. Meindl, K. Menges, P. Mes­singer, F. Meyer, W. Meyerhof, R. Morgenstern, U. Mühlhans, A. Müller, C. Müller, K. Müller, A. Mülsch, C. Nachtsheim, M. Neugebauer, W. Neupert, P. Nickel, P. Nuhn, B. Nürnberg, H. Oelschläger, J. Oertel, M. Oettel, R. Ott, T. Ott, T. Otzen, P. Pachaly, H. Pelzer, K. Petersen, R. Pick, M. Pickert, A. Pies, H. Priewer, O. Queckenberg, G. Radau, E. Reimann, J. Remien, M. Reuß, W. Reuß, J. Richter, P. Richter, K. Riecke, H. Rommelspacher, U. Rose, G. Roth, D. Rothley, G. Rücker, J. Schäfer, J. Schantl, H. Schlager, H. Schleinitz, W. Schlichter, M. Schmauß, H. Schmidhammer, G. Schmidt, T. Schmidt, H. Schmitt, J. Sehräder, T. Schulz, H. Schwilden, M. Serke, G. Skopp, G. Skorka, K. Smolinka, U. Speck, M. Spohn, R. Stahlmann, J. Stasch, C. Steffen, H. Stein, J. Steinmeyer, K. Stiefvater, G. Strippel, K. Surborg, U. Stürig, H. Szelényi, I. Szelényi, A. Täufel, R. Thieroff-Ekerdt, R. Troschütz, H. Ungeheuer, B. Unterhalt, E. Verspohl, S. Vogel, F. Volk, T. Vorwerk, J. Wallmann, H. Weber, M. Wenzel, M. Weyandt-Spangenberg, S. Wich, R. Wintersteiger, B. Wüst, and D. Youssef

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1999
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10. B

Author

Franz von Bruchhausen, Eberhard Hackenthal, Siegfried Ebel, Ulrike Holzgrabe, August Wilhelm Frahm, M. Albinus, G. Amschler, E. von Angerer, null Arras-Reiter, P. Barth, W. Barthel, K. Bauer, P. Bauer, I. Baumann, J. Beckmann, W. Beil, J. Reitz, K. Binder, F. Bossle, F. Bracher, H. Bräunlich, E. Bretschneider, R. Brigelius-Flohé, K. Brinkmann, F. von Bruchhausen, A. Rüge, W. Christ, M. Cimbollek, R. Daniels, G. Dannhardt, H. Duchstein, S. Ebel, K. Eger, P. Eichhorn, U. Eiben, T. Erker, P. Felfe, A. Frahm, M. Frahm, V. Franke, K. Freundt, D. Geffken, U. Geis, E. Glusa, B. Göber, P. Gobina, W. Golder, M. Goppelt­Strübe, K. Götte, E. Gottstein, G. Greif, A. Grisk, M. Grosam, H. Gustmann, M. Gütschow, E. Hackenthal, A. Häfner, B. Haluszczynski, A. Harder, H. Häusler, D. Heber, M. Heidenreich, G. Heinemeyer, E. Heller, D. von Herrath, J. Hilfenhaus, H. Hoffmann, U. Hoffmann-Schollmayer, B. Hofmann, C. Holpert, U. Holzgrabe, U. Hübner-Steiner, M. Hug, E. Inkmann, A. Jördens, J. Jürgens, B. Kaiser, D. Kalbhen, H. Kemmler, P. Kisser, D. Kleinsorge, C. Klett, S. Klett, M. Klingmüller, H. Klöcking, A. Kramer, B. Krammer, M. Kreher, M. Krüger, M. Kuhn, D. Landsiedel-Maier, P. Lauven, J. Lehmann, M. Lehner, D. Leopoldt, A. Maurer, W. Meindl, K. Menges, P. Mes­singer, F. Meyer, W. Meyerhof, R. Morgenstern, U. Mühlhans, A. Müller, C. Müller, K. Müller, A. Mülsch, C. Nachtsheim, M. Neugebauer, W. Neupert, P. Nickel, P. Nuhn, B. Nürnberg, H. Oelschläger, J. Oertel, M. Oettel, R. Ott, T. Ott, T. Otzen, P. Pachaly, H. Pelzer, K. Petersen, R. Pick, M. Pickert, A. Pies, H. Priewer, O. Queckenberg, G. Radau, E. Reimann, J. Remien, M. Reuß, W. Reuß, J. Richter, P. Richter, K. Riecke, H. Rommelspacher, U. Rose, G. Roth, D. Rothley, G. Rücker, J. Schäfer, J. Schantl, H. Schlager, H. Schleinitz, W. Schlichter, M. Schmauß, H. Schmidhammer, G. Schmidt, T. Schmidt, H. Schmitt, J. Sehräder, T. Schulz, H. Schwilden, M. Serke, G. Skopp, G. Skorka, K. Smolinka, U. Speck, M. Spohn, R. Stahlmann, J. Stasch, C. Steffen, H. Stein, J. Steinmeyer, K. Stiefvater, G. Strippel, K. Surborg, U. Stürig, H. Szelényi, I. Szelényi, A. Täufel, R. Thieroff-Ekerdt, R. Troschütz, H. Ungeheuer, B. Unterhalt, E. Verspohl, S. Vogel, F. Volk, T. Vorwerk, J. Wallmann, H. Weber, M. Wenzel, M. Weyandt-Spangenberg, S. Wich, R. Wintersteiger, B. Wüst, and D. Youssef

Published
1999
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11. K

Author

Franz von Bruchhausen, Eberhard Hackenthal, Siegfried Ebel, Ulrike Holzgrabe, August Wilhelm Frahm, M. Albinus, G. Amschler, E. von Angerer, null Arras-Reiter, P. Barth, W. Barthel, K. Bauer, P. Bauer, I. Baumann, J. Beckmann, W. Beil, J. Reitz, K. Binder, F. Bossle, F. Bracher, H. Bräunlich, E. Bretschneider, R. Brigelius-Flohé, K. Brinkmann, F. von Bruchhausen, A. Rüge, W. Christ, M. Cimbollek, R. Daniels, G. Dannhardt, H. Duchstein, S. Ebel, K. Eger, P. Eichhorn, U. Eiben, T. Erker, P. Felfe, A. Frahm, M. Frahm, V. Franke, K. Freundt, D. Geffken, U. Geis, E. Glusa, B. Göber, P. Gobina, W. Golder, M. Goppelt­Strübe, K. Götte, E. Gottstein, G. Greif, A. Grisk, M. Grosam, H. Gustmann, M. Gütschow, E. Hackenthal, A. Häfner, B. Haluszczynski, A. Harder, H. Häusler, D. Heber, M. Heidenreich, G. Heinemeyer, E. Heller, D. von Herrath, J. Hilfenhaus, H. Hoffmann, U. Hoffmann-Schollmayer, B. Hofmann, C. Holpert, U. Holzgrabe, U. Hübner-Steiner, M. Hug, E. Inkmann, A. Jördens, J. Jürgens, B. Kaiser, D. Kalbhen, H. Kemmler, P. Kisser, D. Kleinsorge, C. Klett, S. Klett, M. Klingmüller, H. Klöcking, A. Kramer, B. Krammer, M. Kreher, M. Krüger, M. Kuhn, D. Landsiedel-Maier, P. Lauven, J. Lehmann, M. Lehner, D. Leopoldt, A. Maurer, W. Meindl, K. Menges, P. Mes­singer, F. Meyer, W. Meyerhof, R. Morgenstern, U. Mühlhans, A. Müller, C. Müller, K. Müller, A. Mülsch, C. Nachtsheim, M. Neugebauer, W. Neupert, P. Nickel, P. Nuhn, B. Nürnberg, H. Oelschläger, J. Oertel, M. Oettel, R. Ott, T. Ott, T. Otzen, P. Pachaly, H. Pelzer, K. Petersen, R. Pick, M. Pickert, A. Pies, H. Priewer, O. Queckenberg, G. Radau, E. Reimann, J. Remien, M. Reuß, W. Reuß, J. Richter, P. Richter, K. Riecke, H. Rommelspacher, U. Rose, G. Roth, D. Rothley, G. Rücker, J. Schäfer, J. Schantl, H. Schlager, H. Schleinitz, W. Schlichter, M. Schmauß, H. Schmidhammer, G. Schmidt, T. Schmidt, H. Schmitt, J. Sehräder, T. Schulz, H. Schwilden, M. Serke, G. Skopp, G. Skorka, K. Smolinka, U. Speck, M. Spohn, R. Stahlmann, J. Stasch, C. Steffen, H. Stein, J. Steinmeyer, K. Stiefvater, G. Strippel, K. Surborg, U. Stürig, H. Szelényi, I. Szelényi, A. Täufel, R. Thieroff-Ekerdt, R. Troschütz, H. Ungeheuer, B. Unterhalt, E. Verspohl, S. Vogel, F. Volk, T. Vorwerk, J. Wallmann, H. Weber, M. Wenzel, M. Weyandt-Spangenberg, S. Wich, R. Wintersteiger, B. Wüst, and D. Youssef

Published
1999
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12. Beta-carotene in tube feeding

Author

B, Wüst, H B, Stähelin, and W O, Seiler

Subjects
Adult, Enteral Nutrition, Chronic Disease, Nutritional Requirements, Humans, Vitamin E, Pilot Projects, Middle Aged, Vitamin A, beta Carotene, Carotenoids, Aged
Abstract

The supplementation of an enteral feeding formula on soya-basis specially designed for geriatric patients with 1,5 mg to 2 mg beta-carotene per day increases its corresponding plasmatic concentration from 20 mcg/L to normal to optimal levels near 500 mcg/L. This intake is much lower than the proposed safe intake of 6-20 mg beta-carotene per day. A close incorporation of beta-carotene in the lipid moiety of the ready-to-use formula might increase its bioavailability. The other anti-oxidative vitamins A and E remain to their respective normal levels at a supplemental daily intake of 2500 IU vitamin A and 12,5 mg vitamin E. The new enteral feeding formula for geriatric patients seems to cover their global nutritional needs.

Published
1990

13. Toxin-Specific Ultrastructural Alterations of the Mouse Liver After Burn Injuries and the Possibility of A Specific Antitoxic Therapy

Author

B, Kremer, M, Allgöwer, A M, Scheidegger, K H, Schmidt, J, Schölmerich, B, Wüst, and G A, Schoenenberger

Subjects
Burn injury, Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Toxin, Toxemia, Therapeutic effect, Mitochondria, Liver, Mitochondrion, medicine.disease_cause, Rats, Mice, Immunoglobulin G, Ultrastructure, Animals, Medicine, Surgery, Antitoxins, Burns, business, Normal skin, Skin, Toxins, Biological
Abstract

Electron-microscopic studies in mice revealed similar and comparable mitochondrial alterations of the liver cells 5-7 days after either a sublethal controlled burn injury or an i.p. injection of an equivalent dose of a burn toxin. Electron microscopy 5 days after i.p. application of different amounts of the burn toxin in rats showed that the extent of the liver alterations correlates directly to the applied dose (occurrence of: cristolysis--intramitochondrial vacuolization--total vacuolar changes of mitochondria(. Controls with the non-toxic/"native" compound isolated from normal skin or excision of a skin piece identical in size to the sublethal burn showed no ultrastructural changes in the liver of mice or rats. In a 2nd series of experiments the therapeutic effect of an antitoxic IgG raised in sheep was tested. The first 3 days after a standard burn or an i.p. injection of 15 mg burn toxin mice obtained 10 mg of the antitoxic IgG (2x/day). Controls injected with the "native" compound or excised as described were treated in the same way. The results showed a specific complete immunological protection from mitochondrial alterations by either the toxin or the burn injury. These results suggest the possibility of an antitoxic IgG-therapy in severe burns.

Published
1979
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15. Stimulated murine peritoneal macrophages in suspension and cell culture: enzyme determinations by biochemical and histochemical means

Author

Ernst Dieter Wachsmuth and B. Wüst

Subjects
Male, Stimulation, Cycloheximide, Biology, Aminopeptidase, Esterase, Aminopeptidases, chemistry.chemical_compound, Peritoneal cavity, Mice, Lactate dehydrogenase, medicine, Animals, Ascitic Fluid, Cells, Cultured, Inflammation, Mice, Inbred BALB C, L-Lactate Dehydrogenase, Histocytochemistry, Macrophages, Esterases, Cell Biology, beta-Galactosidase, Molecular biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, chemistry, Biochemistry, Cell culture, Protein Biosynthesis, Thioglycolates, Anatomy, Intracellular
Abstract

Peritoneal exudate cells of mice were studied up to 4 days after i.p. injection of thioglycollate broth medium by means of conventional enzyme determinations and quantitative histochemical measurements of individual cells. Cells from the peritoneal cavity were either investigated immediately after harvesting or after culturing periods of up to six days for enzymic activities of aminopeptidase, esterase, lactate dehydrogenase and beta-galactosidase. A fairly good correlation exists between biochemical determinations of aminopeptidase and esterase activity and the mean of histochemical data. Following a sharp increase in the number of cells after stimulation, aminopeptidase, esterase and lactate dehydrogenase activities per cell were found to be increased. Moreover, the cells taken three or five days after simulation synthesized large amounts of aminopeptidase and esterase as shown by culturing experiments. This capacity of the cells was subsequently lost in cells harvested seven days after stimulation but beta-galactosidase increased and lactae dehydrogenase was more readily released into culture supernatants. The increase in aminopeptidase and esterase was dependent on protein synthesis since it was abolished by cycloheximide. Thioglycollate broth medium provokes immigration of cells into the peritoneal cavity where cells apparently differentiate by increasing their aminopeptidase and esterase concentrations, and by raising their intracellular catabolism rates, which leads eventually to the decay of the cells. The different enzymic phenotypes and the large heterogeneity at any time point after stimulation presumably also reflect different functional properties during the inflammatory process.

Published
1982

17. 205. Untersuchungen zur Pathophysiologie der Verbrennungskrankheit

Author

H. Frenzel, A. Schweitzer, Martin Allgöwer, D. Liebermann-Meffert, J. Schölmerich, B. Kremer, Städtler K, B. Wüst, Schoenenberger Ga, and K. Schmid

Subjects
Gynecology, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Cardiothoracic surgery, Medicine, Surgery, business, Abdominal surgery
Abstract

Bei der Verbrennung bilden sich toxische Substanzen in der Haut, die aus tierischer, menschlicher Haut und dem Serum schwerverbrannter Patienten isoliert wurden. Das „Toxin”, ein Lipid-Protein-Komplex, das als Vorstufe in der normalen Haut vorkommt, wirkt im Tierversuch bei i.p. Applikation letal, setzt die Infektionsresistenz herab, wird in allen Organen angereichert und schadigt die Zellen, wie Untersuchungen der Ultrastruktur und des Stoffwechsels der Leber nachwiesen. Ein Antitoxin wurde entwickelt, das im Tierversuch eine signifikante Schutzwirkung zeigte.

Published
1977
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18. Routine application of SFC-MS in doping control: Analysis of 3 × 1000 urine samples using three different SFC-MS instruments.

Author

Gavrilović I, Wüst B, Danaceau J, Braidman E, de la Torre X, Botrè F, Parr MK, and Cowan D

Subjects
Humans, Reproducibility of Results, Glucuronides urine, Doping in Sports prevention & control, Substance Abuse Detection methods, Mass Spectrometry methods, Chromatography, Supercritical Fluid methods
Abstract

Supercritical fluid chromatography-mass spectrometry (SFC-MS) has proved to be a beneficial tool for sample analysis for a wide variety of compounds and, as such, has recently gained the attention of the anti-doping community. We have tested the applicability of SFC-MS for routine doping control analysing approximately 3 × 1000 identical anti-doping samples utilising SFC-MS instruments from three different vendors: Agilent Technologies, Waters Corporation and Shimadzu Corporation. A 'dilute and inject' approach either without or after hydrolysis of glucuronide metabolites was applied. Most of the compounds included in our study demonstrated excellent chromatography, whereas some showed co-elution with endogenous interferences requiring MS discrimination. Retention times typically were very stable within batches (%CV ≤ 0.5%), although this appeared to be analyte and column dependent. Chromatographic peak shape was good (symmetrical) and stable over the period of the testing without any change of column. Our results suggest that SFC-MS is a sensitive, reproducible and robust analytical tool ready to be used in anti-doping laboratories alongside the currently applied techniques such as gas and liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Even if instruments are designed slightly differently, all three setups demonstrated their fitness for the purpose in anti-doping testing., (© 2024 The Authors. Drug Testing and Analysis published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Published
2024
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19. Analysis of cobalt for human sports drug testing purposes using ICP- and LC-ICP-MS.

Author

Knoop A, Planitz P, Wüst B, and Thevis M

Subjects
Adult, Chromatography, Liquid methods, Chromatography, Liquid standards, Doping in Sports methods, Erythropoietin analysis, Female, Humans, Male, Mass Spectrometry methods, Mass Spectrometry standards, Middle Aged, Substance Abuse Detection standards, Tandem Mass Spectrometry standards, Young Adult, Cobalt analysis, Doping in Sports prevention & control, Substance Abuse Detection methods, Tandem Mass Spectrometry methods, Vitamin B 12 administration & dosage, Vitamin B 12 analysis
Abstract

Due to the current demands in the fight against manipulation of blood and blood components, commonly referred to as "blood doping" in sports drug testing, specific and sensitive detection methods enabling the detection of prohibited substances and methods of doping are required. Similar to illicit blood transfusions, erythropoiesis stimulating agents have been shown to be misused in sport, aiming at improving an athlete's aerobic capacity and endurance performance. Amongst other strategies, the administration of ionic cobalt (Co 2+ ) can increase the number of erythrocytes by stimulating the endogenous erythropoietin (EPO) biosynthesis. Conversely, several organic Co-containing compounds such as cyanocobalamin (vitamin B12) are not prohibited in sports, and thus, an analytical differentiation of permitted and banned contributions to urinary Co-concentrations is desirable. An excretion study with daily applications of either 1 mg of CoCl 2 or 1 mg of cyanocobalamin was conducted with 20 volunteers over a period of 14 consecutive days. Urine, plasma, and concentrated red blood cells were analyzed for their cobalt content. The samples were collected starting 7 days before the administration until 7 days after. Total Co concentrations were analyzed by using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), which yielded significantly elevated levels exclusively after inorganic cobalt intake. Furthermore, a liquid chromatography (LC)-ICP-MS approach was established and employed for the simultaneous determination of organically bound and inorganic cobalt by chromatographic separation within one single run. The analytical approach offers the option to further develop detection methods of illegal Co 2+ supplementation in sport., (© 2020 The Authors. Drug Testing and Analysis published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Published
2020
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20. Splitless hyphenation of SFC with MS by APCI, APPI, and ESI exemplified by steroids as model compounds.

Author

Parr MK, Wüst B, Teubel J, and Joseph JF

Subjects
Limit of Detection, Linear Models, Reproducibility of Results, Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization, Chromatography, Supercritical Fluid methods, Models, Chemical, Steroids analysis, Tandem Mass Spectrometry methods
Abstract

A systematic evaluation of splitless hyphenation of supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) with mass spectrometry (MS) was performed using different techniques for ambient pressure ionization. Interfaces commonly known from HPLC-MS/MS, i.e. electrospray ionization (ESI), atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI), and atmospheric pressure photo ionization (APPI), were tested for their suitability in SFC-MS/MS. A triple quadrupole MS was used for data evaluation in a targeted multi-analyte design using endogenous steroids as model compounds. Individual optimization of the ionization parameters was performed in multi-dimensional design for best support of ionization in all three techniques. A post-column make-up was used to avoid analyte precipitation in the transfer capillary but also to support ionization independently from mobile phase composition. Buffer choice and concentration as well as temperature were found crucial in ESI and APCI. Best results for the multi-analyte method were obtained in both techniques using ammonium fluoride as make-up buffer. Instead of buffer solutions different organic solvents were used as dopants in APPI to support ionization. The mobile phase constituent isopropanol was already found to support ionization in APPI, however, for many analytes the addition of toluene resulted in superior results in terms of intensity. Comparing the optimized methods in terms of limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), and sensitivity (slope of calibration curve) ESI was the best choice for the multiple analyte design. Only a few analytes resulted in a different optimum ionization, if focused on separately. In terms of linear dynamic range, APCI and APPI proved superior to ESI, where calibration over the whole range of concentrations (from LOD up to 5000 pg ∗ μL -1 ) required quadratic regression., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Published
2018
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21. Methods in endogenous steroid profiling - A comparison of gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) with supercritical fluid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (SFC-MS/MS).

Author

Teubel J, Wüst B, Schipke CG, Peters O, and Parr MK

Subjects
Chromatography, Supercritical Fluid, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, Humans, Isomerism, Steroids chemistry, Sulfates chemistry, Tandem Mass Spectrometry, Temperature, Steroids cerebrospinal fluid
Abstract

In various fields of endocrinology, the determination of steroid hormones synthesised by the human body plays an important role. Research on central neurosteroids has been intensified within the last years, as they are discussed as biomarkers for various cognitive disorders. Their concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are considered to be regulated independently from peripheral fluids. For that reason, the challenging matrix CSF becomes a very interesting specimen for analysis. Concentrations are expected to be very low and available amount of CSF is limited. Thus, a comprehensive method for very sensitive quantification of a set of analytes as large as possible in one analytical aliquot is desired. However, high structural similarities of the selected panel of 51 steroids and steroid sulfates, including numerous isomers, challenges achievement of chromatographic selectivity. Since decades the analysis of endogenous steroids in various body fluids is mainly performed by gas chromatography (GC) coupled to (tandem) mass spectrometry (MS(/MS)). Due to the structure of the steroids of interest, derivatisation is performed to meet the analytical requirements for GC-MS(/MS). Most of the laboratories use a two-step derivatisation in multi-analyte assays that was already published in the 1980s. However, for some steroids this elaborate procedure yields multiple isomeric derivatives. Thus, some laboratories utilize (ultra) high performance liquid chromatography ((U)HPLC)-MS/MS as alternative but, even UHPLC is not able to separate some of the isomeric pairs. Supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) as an orthogonal separation technique to GC and (U)HPLC may help to overcome these issues. Within this project the two most promising methods for endogenous steroid profiling were investigated and compared: the "gold standard" GC-MS and the orthogonal separation technique SFC-MS/MS. Different derivatisation procedures for gas chromatographic detection were explored and the formation of multiple derivatives described and confirmed. Taken together, none of the investigated derivatisation procedures provided acceptable results for further method development to meet the requirements of this project. SFC with its unique selectivity was able to overcome these issues and to distinguish all selected steroids, including (pro-)gestagens, androgens, corticoids, estrogens, and steroid sulfates with appropriate selectivity. Valued especially in the separation of enantiomeric analytes, SFC has shown its potential as alternative to GC. The successful separation of 51 steroids and steroid sulfates on different columns is presented to demonstrate the potential of SFC in endogenous steroid profiling., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Published
2018
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22. The effect of two sock fabrics on physiological parameters associated with blister incidence: a laboratory study.

Author

Bogerd CP, Rechsteiner I, Wüst B, Rossi RM, and Brühwiler PA

Subjects
Adult, Alkenes adverse effects, Animals, Friction, Humans, Male, Microclimate, Military Personnel, Nylons adverse effects, Skin Temperature physiology, Wool adverse effects, Young Adult, Blister etiology, Foot physiology, Occupational Injuries etiology, Protective Clothing adverse effects, Walking physiology
Abstract

The goal of the present study was to investigate physiological effects, mainly at the level of the foot, of two sock fabrics with distinct moisture properties. Twelve participants wore two different socks, one on each foot. The following two sock types were used: PP: 99.6% polypropylene and 0.4% elastane and BLEND: 50% Merino wool, 33% polypropylene, and 17% polyamide. The participants walked three times on a treadmill at 5 km h(-1), with no gradient for the first and third phase and a 10% upward inclination for the second walking phase. The microclimate temperature between the boot and foot was measured during walking. Preceding and following the walking phases, additional measurements were carried out at the level of the foot, i.e. skin temperature and skin hydration on three locations and skin friction between the posterior surface of the calcaneus and a glass plate. In addition, the moisture absorption of boots and socks was determined. Differences between the sock fabrics were found for weight gain and microclimate temperature: (i) PP tended to hold less water compared to BLEND, (ii) the boot's microclimate temperature resulted in larger values for BLEND measured at the dorsal surface at the level of the third metatarsal, and (iii) warmer microclimates of the boot were measured for PP compared to BLEND at the distal anterior end of the tibia. The established differences in moisture behavior of both socks did not result in detectable differences in parameters measured on the skin of the foot.

Published
2011
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23. Development and practical application of a library of CID accurate mass spectra of more than 2,500 toxic compounds for systematic toxicological analysis by LC-QTOF-MS with data-dependent acquisition.

Author

Broecker S, Herre S, Wüst B, Zweigenbaum J, and Pragst F

Subjects
Alkaloids toxicity, Humans, Pesticides toxicity, Alkaloids analysis, Chromatography, Liquid methods, Mass Spectrometry methods, Pesticides analysis, Pharmaceutical Preparations analysis
Abstract

A library of collision-induced dissociation (CID) accurate mass spectra has been developed for efficient use of liquid chromatography in combination with hybrid quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF-MS) as a tool in systematic toxicological analysis. The mass spectra (Δm < 3 ppm) of more than 2,500 illegal and therapeutic drugs, pesticides, alkaloids, other toxic chemicals and metabolites were measured, by use of an Agilent 6530 instrument, by flow-injection of 1 ng of the pure substances in aqueous ammonium formate-formic acid-methanol, with positive and negative electrospray-ionization (ESI), selection of the protonated or deprotonated molecules [M+H](+) or [M-H](-) by the quadrupole, and collision induced dissociation (CID) with nitrogen as collision gas at CID energies of 10, 20, and 40 eV. The fragment mass spectra were controlled for structural plausibility, corrected by recalculation to the theoretical fragment masses and added to a database of accurate mass data and molecular formulas of more than 7,500 toxicologically relevant substances to form the "database and library of toxic compounds". For practical evaluation, blood and urine samples were spiked with a mixture of 33 drugs at seven concentrations between 0.5 and 500 ng mL(-1), prepared by dichloromethane extraction or protein precipitation, and analyzed by LC-QTOF-MS in data-dependent acquisition mode. Unambiguous identification by library search was possible for typical basic drugs down to 0.5-2 ng mL(-1) and for benzodiazepines down to 2-20 ng mL(-1). The efficiency of the method was also demonstrated by re-analysis of venous blood samples from 50 death cases and comparison with previous results. In conclusion, LC-QTOF-MS in data-dependent acquisition mode combined with an accurate mass database and CID spectra library seemed to be one of the most efficient tools for systematic toxicological analysis.

Published
2011
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24. Beta-carotene in tube feeding.

Author

Wüst B, Stähelin HB, and Seiler WO

Subjects
Adult, Aged, Carotenoids blood, Chronic Disease, Humans, Middle Aged, Pilot Projects, Vitamin A blood, Vitamin A metabolism, Vitamin E blood, Vitamin E metabolism, beta Carotene, Carotenoids administration & dosage, Enteral Nutrition, Nutritional Requirements
Abstract

The supplementation of an enteral feeding formula on soya-basis specially designed for geriatric patients with 1,5 mg to 2 mg beta-carotene per day increases its corresponding plasmatic concentration from 20 mcg/L to normal to optimal levels near 500 mcg/L. This intake is much lower than the proposed safe intake of 6-20 mg beta-carotene per day. A close incorporation of beta-carotene in the lipid moiety of the ready-to-use formula might increase its bioavailability. The other anti-oxidative vitamins A and E remain to their respective normal levels at a supplemental daily intake of 2500 IU vitamin A and 12,5 mg vitamin E. The new enteral feeding formula for geriatric patients seems to cover their global nutritional needs.

Published
1990

25. Stimulated murine peritoneal macrophages in suspension and cell culture: enzyme determinations by biochemical and histochemical means.

Author

Wachsmuth ED and Wüst B

Subjects
Aminopeptidases metabolism, Animals, Ascitic Fluid cytology, Cells, Cultured, Esterases metabolism, Histocytochemistry, L-Lactate Dehydrogenase metabolism, Male, Mice, Mice, Inbred BALB C, Protein Biosynthesis, Thioglycolates, beta-Galactosidase metabolism, Inflammation chemically induced, Macrophages enzymology
Abstract

Peritoneal exudate cells of mice were studied up to 4 days after i.p. injection of thioglycollate broth medium by means of conventional enzyme determinations and quantitative histochemical measurements of individual cells. Cells from the peritoneal cavity were either investigated immediately after harvesting or after culturing periods of up to six days for enzymic activities of aminopeptidase, esterase, lactate dehydrogenase and beta-galactosidase. A fairly good correlation exists between biochemical determinations of aminopeptidase and esterase activity and the mean of histochemical data. Following a sharp increase in the number of cells after stimulation, aminopeptidase, esterase and lactate dehydrogenase activities per cell were found to be increased. Moreover, the cells taken three or five days after simulation synthesized large amounts of aminopeptidase and esterase as shown by culturing experiments. This capacity of the cells was subsequently lost in cells harvested seven days after stimulation but beta-galactosidase increased and lactae dehydrogenase was more readily released into culture supernatants. The increase in aminopeptidase and esterase was dependent on protein synthesis since it was abolished by cycloheximide. Thioglycollate broth medium provokes immigration of cells into the peritoneal cavity where cells apparently differentiate by increasing their aminopeptidase and esterase concentrations, and by raising their intracellular catabolism rates, which leads eventually to the decay of the cells. The different enzymic phenotypes and the large heterogeneity at any time point after stimulation presumably also reflect different functional properties during the inflammatory process.

Published
1982
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26. Effect of bestatin and muramyl-dipeptide on macrophage-bound aminopeptidase.

Author

Wachsmuth ED and Wüst B

Subjects
Animals, Cells, Cultured, Kidney enzymology, Kinetics, Leucine pharmacology, Macrophages drug effects, Male, Mice, Mice, Inbred Strains, Swine, Acetylmuramyl-Alanyl-Isoglutamine pharmacology, Aminopeptidases antagonists & inhibitors, Glycopeptides pharmacology, Leucine analogs & derivatives, Macrophages enzymology
Published
1981

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