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The combination of Ivabradine (IVA) and Metoprolol (MET) was approved by US-FDA for symptomatic treatment of chronic stable angina pectoris. This Review focuses on recent development in analytical methods for IVA and MET. This review article represents the collection and discussion of various analytical methods available in the literature for the determination of IVA and MET individually and combination available in pharmaceutical and biological samples consisting of HPLC, HPTLC, GC, Thermal methods like TGA, DTA, DSC, and hyphenated techniques such as LC-MS, LC-MS/MS, and UPLC-MS/MS. All reported methods found to be simple, accurate, economic, precise and reproducible in nature. The present review article can be effectively explored to conduct future analytical investigation for the estimation of Ivabradine and Metoprolol.

Gas chromatography is the premier technique for the trace analysis of organic and inorganic compounds. All the work which has been done on air pollution, water pollution, and food safety where we have to analyze for pesticides and toxic chemicals found in food and food products all of these things are done routinely and daily rapidly by gas chromatography. An essential role of chromatography is the quality control of the quality of food but drugs controlling the raw materials control the finished products ensuring the safety of people. This review article focuses on how to develop general troubleshooting strategies and different troubleshooting problems and solutions to those problems of GC are discussed. For easy understanding and reference the troubleshooting problems encountered with the GC system are organized into baseline problems and peak shape problems they are presented in the form of tables apart from textual matter for easy reference.

A novel ligand, tetra-azamacrocyclic, L(C24H16N12O2S4) and its complexes with the structures, [MLCl2] and [CuL]Cl2 (where M = Ni(II), Fe(II); L = S,S′-[benzene-1,3-diylbis(4H-1,2,4-triazole-5,3-diy...

Hypertension (HT) is a very common disorder, particularly for past middle age. It is not a disease in itself, but is an important risk factor for cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. For improved treatment of hypertension, Telmisartan and Benidipine HCl is the newer combination in market, this combination was developed to improve medication for Stage II hypertension. The aim of this review is to focus on comprehensive update of different analytical methods used for estimation of anti-hypertensive drugs like Telmisartan and Benidipine HCl for the treatment of hypertension. This review delivers a detail description on different analytical methods like UV and RP-HPLC for Telmisartan and Benidipine HCl individually and combination with other drugs. For this review, data searches were conducted by scientific papers in the literature as well as in official compendium.All reported methods are found to be simple, accurate, economic, precise and reproducible in nature. Keywords: Hypertension, Benidipine HCl, Telmisartan, Analytical Methods, UV- Spectrophotometry, RP-HPLC.

A series of metal(II) complexes (

Novel, efficient and magnetically recyclable calcium substituted copper ferrite photocatalysts were synthesized via a facile green approach. As prepared Cu1-xCaxFe2O4 composites were characterized using powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and UV–Vis spectrophotometer. The result shows that there is an enhancement in electron transfer and charge separation efficiency of calcium substituted copper ferrites leading to a significant improvement in photocatalytic efficiency. As prepared samples shows high visible light absorption which favors catalytic activity and also shows good magnetic separation for reuse. UV–Vis spectrophotometer was used for the destruction of model organic pollutant. Under natural sun light irradiation the as prepared samples exhibit superior photocatalytic activity toward malachite green (MG). The model organic pollutant inactivation mechanism was investigated in a scavenger study, and •O2, H2O2, and h+ were identified as the major reactive species for organic pollutant inactivation. The calcium substituted copper ferrite exhibit excellent stability and reusability. The experimental results indicate that calcium substituted copper ferrites have great potential in large scale photocatalytic disinfection operations.

Today, VLSI technology has taken a fundamental role in developing most of the high-tech electronic circuits. Even though VLSI design is renowned for its smaller size, lower cost, lower power, high reliability and high functionality, the design process takes long time and produces high risk. So, to obtain the knowledge regarding the different contributions on VLSI design, about 52 papers on the design of VLSI using optimization are reviewed here. Accordingly, VLSI design optimization is analyzed through different bio-inspired algorithms and the performance measures of different VLSI experimentations are compared. Further, various improvements on Self-Adaptive Particle Swarm Optimization (SA-PSO) and VLSI design optimization, without the adoption of bio-inspired algorithms, are examined. Additionally, the floor planning problem of VLSI is considered and reviewed. Eventually, this paper provides the diverse research gaps and challenges in VLSI design, which may be helpful for the authors and the philosophers to contribute for further research.

A series of metal(II) complexes (M=Co (II), Ni(II) and Cu(II)) supported by Schiff base ligand (L=(E)-N’-((6-hydroxybenzo[d]oxazol-5-yl)methylene)isonicotinohydrazide) has been designed and developed from condensation of 6-hydroxybenzo[d]oxazole-5-carbaldehyde and isoniazid. The ligand (H2L) and its metal(II) complexes were structurally characterized utilizing a variety of physicochemical and spectroscopic approaches. The study shows that Schiff bases (H2L) act as monobasic tridentate ONO ligand and conform to octahedral geometry according to the general formula [M(HL)2]. Furthermore, the interaction of these complexes with CT-DNA was investigated at pH = 7.2, utilizing UV–visible absorption, and viscosity measurement. In order to determine the mechanism of binding of the metal(II) complexes to the B-DNA dodecamer, docking studies were conducted using an AutoDock Vina 1.2.0 tool. The photo induced cleavage reveals that the ligand (H2L) and its complexes have UV–visible photo nuclease properties against pUC19 DNA by agarose gel electrophoresis technique. Studies showed that the complexes evaluated firmly bind to CT-DNA via intercalative mode and provides a distinctive pattern of DNA binding.

Contemporary research reveals an undemanding protocol for the catalytic synthesis of 1,2,4-oxadiazole-quinolinepeptide in the incidence of a cost-effective and reusable mesoporous ZrO2-supported Cu2O (Cu2ZrO3) catalyst. This paper depicts a unique system for peptide bond synthesis staying away from toxic solvents and reactants. The catalyst was reused for four cycles without noteworthy loss in the activity, and the catalyst was genuinely heterogeneous. The method followed a simple workup procedure, and no column chromatography was needed. Further, the synthesized 1,2,4-oxadiazole-quinolinepeptide ligand (L), and its complexes of type, [FeLCl2] and [CuL]Cl2 were synthesized and characterized by spectral and analytical techniques. An octahedral geometry has been projected for Fe(II) complexes, while the Cu(II) complex exhibits a square planar geometry. The binding properties of the complexes with CT-DNA were studied by absorption spectral analysis, followed by viscosity measurement and thermal denaturation studies. The photo-induced cleavage studies revealed that the complexes possess photonuclease activity against pUC19 DNA under UV-visible irradiation.

Floor planning is necessary to design the VLSI circuit. The complete computational characteristics of the manufactured chip are evaluated by floor planning process. It is the multi-objective problem in which different objectives are fulfilled at a time. Here, a new Interactive Self-Improvement based Adaptive Particle Swarm Optimization (ISI-APSO) technique is proposed to enhance the exploration efficiency and accuracy than convolutional PSO. Within less computation time the proposed ISI-APSO technique attains best global search throughout the space. The simulation results show that the proposed ISI-APSO algorithm achieves better performance than other heuristic algorithms in exploring efficiency and speed of convergence. In order to place the whole modules and their internally connected wire lengths, the Multi-objective optimization method is utilized. Therefore the necessary layout area is minimized. Moreover, the implemented results demonstrate the importance of the proposed algorithm with respect to the robust performance.

Cashew Nut Shell Liquid (CNSL) anacardic acid was used, for the first time, as a green and natural effective catalyst for the synthesis of a quinoline based amino acid Schiff base ligand from the condensation of 2-hydroxyquinoline-3-carbaldehyde with l-tryptophan via solvent-free simple physical grinding technique. The use of the nontoxic CNSL natural catalyst has many benefits over toxic reagents and the desired product was obtained in high yield in a short reaction time. The procedure employed is simple and does not involve column chromatography. Moreover, a series of metal(II) complexes (metal = iron(II), cobalt(II), nickel(II), and copper(II)) supported by the synthesized new quinoline based amino acid Schiff base ligand (L) has been designed and the compositions of the metal(II) complexes were examined by various analytical techniques. The findings imply that the 2-hydroxyquinoline-3-carbaldehyde amino acid Schiff base (L) serves as a dibasic tridentate ONO ligand and synchronizes with the metal(II) in octahedral geometry in accordance with the general formula [M(LH)

Digital image processing today has become simple thanks to powerful computers, advanced tech services for photo-editing and equipment for high resolution photography. Verifying the credibility of photographs and identifying tampering traces without requiring additional and significant prior understanding of the image material or any embedded watermarks is Scope of Science. An effort is made to research the new trends in the world of digital identification of picture forgery and also full bibliography on blind approaches for detection in Forgery. No clear prior data is required for blind or passive approaches about a N image. In this paper a novel Image Integrity verification method is proposed by combining RSA and Hash Based Message Authentication. In the proposed method images are key-hashed and stored in chronological chained fashion The verification process is done in same manner by generating hash values which are compared with hashes stored on blockchain. This research is significant in establishing the trust between any two parties.

Aim The present study aims to assess the efficacy of different periodontal dressing materials on wound healing clinically. Materials and methods A total of 45 patients between the age group of 30-45 years, with chronic generalized periodontitis with loss of attachment of 3-6 mm, who require periodontal flap surgery, were screened to include in the study. Out of 45 subjects, 24 were males and 21 were females. The subjects were randomized into 3 groups as 15 in each. Group I: a collagen dressing, group II: light-cure dressing, and group III: non-eugenol-based dressing. The clinical parameters such as plaque index, vertical probing depth, pain, gingival index, and patient satisfaction were documented for all the three groups on the 7th and the 14th day. Visual analog scale (VAS) was used to score the pain severity. The SPSS 20 software was used to analyze the data. The significance level was set at 5%. Results The mean gingival index score reduced from 1.40 ± 0.14 to 1.10 ± 0.30 in group I, from 1.48 ± 0.01 to 1.26 ± 0.22 in group II, and from 1.58 ± 0.16 to 1.33 ± 0.10 in group III. The mean plaque index score reduced from 1.48 ± 0.56 to 1.18 ± 0.40 in group I, from 1.46 ± 0.01 to 1.24 ± 0.48 in group II, and from 1.42 ± 0.12 to 1.20 ± 0.20 in group III. There was a statistical difference found in all the three groups and between the groups from the plaque and gingival index scores. The probing depth comparison shows a significant difference in group I. Patient satisfaction was almost similar in all the groups. The pain index showed the reduction in the pain severity from the 7th day to the 14th day in all the subjects from all the three groups. Conclusion It can be concluded that the periodontal wound covered with a collagen dressing material showed significant evidence to provide symptomatic relief and better healing to the patients compared to that of light-cure and non-eugenol periodontal dressing material.

The gallic acid (GA) obtained from the ethanolic extract of Pomegranate(Punica granatum) pericarp, was successfully applied as a green and effective natural catalyst for the synthesis of novel quinoline based amino acid Schiff base ligand, L (C16H14N4O3) and its divalent metal complexes (where M = Fe(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II); L=(E)-2-(((2-hydroxyquinolin-3-yl)methylene)amino)-3-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)propanoic acid) through condensation of 2-hydroxyquinoline-3-carbaldehyde with L-histidine, employing a simple physical grinding technique. The ligand and the complexes denoted as [M(LH2)2] were characterized by advanced spectroscopic and analytical techniques. The configuration of the as synthesized complexes is deduced to be octahedral. The molecular docking experiments were performed by using an Autodock-4 tool to find the binding mode of the metal(II) complexes to B-DNA dodecamer. The metal complex interactions with CT-DNA were studied using spectroscopic techniques, viscosity analysis and thermal denaturation method. In UV-visible irradiation with pUC19 DNA the photo-induced cleavage studies interpreted the photonuclease characteristics of the metal(II) complexes.

Trichogramma chilonis Ishii is an endoparasitic wasp widely used as a biological control agent of economically important pests. However, absence of genetic information on T. chilonis hampers further research, especially at the molecular level. Here, we performed the first RNA-Seq of the adult T. chilonis. A total of 18,372,639 high-quality reads were generated using Illumina pair-ended sequencing platform. De novo assembly resulted into 24,488 transcripts, with mean length and N50 values of 1444.2 bp and 2667 bp, respectively. Of the transcripts, 14,643 exhibited putative homology with class Insecta proteins from UniPROT database. To understand the contig functions, gene descriptions, gene ontology and cluster of orthologous group annotations were analyzed. Following functional annotation, a number of transcripts encoding detoxification, target receptor action and olfaction- related proteins were identified and analyzed. In addition, 4520 transcripts containing simple sequence repeats, ranging from dinucleotide to hexanucleotide repeats were discovered, with trinucleotide being the most enriched repeats. This new sequence resource will shed light on various molecular mechanisms in T. chilonis and related species.

The present study aims to assess the efficacy of different periodontal dressing materials on wound healing clinically.A total of 45 patients between the age group of 30-45 years, with chronic generalized periodontitis with loss of attachment of 3-6 mm, who require periodontal flap surgery, were screened to include in the study. Out of 45 subjects, 24 were males and 21 were females. The subjects were randomized into 3 groups as 15 in each. Group I: a collagen dressing, group II: light-cure dressing, and group III: non-eugenol-based dressing. The clinical parameters such as plaque index, vertical probing depth, pain, gingival index, and patient satisfaction were documented for all the three groups on the 7th and the 14th day. Visual analog scale (VAS) was used to score the pain severity. The SPSS 20 software was used to analyze the data. The significance level was set at 5%.The mean gingival index score reduced from 1.40 ± 0.14 to 1.10 ± 0.30 in group I, from 1.48 ± 0.01 to 1.26 ± 0.22 in group II, and from 1.58 ± 0.16 to 1.33 ± 0.10 in group III. The mean plaque index score reduced from 1.48 ± 0.56 to 1.18 ± 0.40 in group I, from 1.46 ± 0.01 to 1.24 ± 0.48 in group II, and from 1.42 ± 0.12 to 1.20 ± 0.20 in group III. There was a statistical difference found in all the three groups and between the groups from the plaque and gingival index scores. The probing depth comparison shows a significant difference in group I. Patient satisfaction was almost similar in all the groups. The pain index showed the reduction in the pain severity from the 7th day to the 14th day in all the subjects from all the three groups.It can be concluded that the periodontal wound covered with a collagen dressing material showed significant evidence to provide symptomatic relief and better healing to the patients compared to that of light-cure and non-eugenol periodontal dressing material.

Phenanthridine dyes are known for their stunning ability to bind with DNA through intercalation. They are widely used as the standard for DNA binding studies. In this report, we present the synthesis and characterization of a novel liquid crystalline phenanthridine derivative and its ability to bind with DNA. The Intrinsic binding constants Kb of compound 6 with CT–DNA was found to be 2.8 × 104 M−1 which is similar to the gold standard compound, ethidium bromide, binding constant. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on DNA binding studies of discotic mesogens in the field of liquid crystals.

One of the most familiar stochastic heuristic search algorithm is Particle swarm optimization (PSO), which is motivated by social behavior of animals like birds, fishes, and so forth. The significant advantages of PSO algorithm are simple structure and limited parameters to be used. Among the parameters, inertia weight is considered as the most crucial one in PSO which brings trade-off between the characteristics of exploitation and exploration. A novel Interactive Self-Improvement based Adaptive PSO (ISI-APSO) method that traits better searching efficiency and accuracy than the traditional particle swarm optimization is proposed. More precisely, it can achieve faster convergence speed while on global search over the entire search space. The simulation results show that the performance of our proposed ISI-APSO is substantially improved than other heuristic algorithms in terms of the search efficiency and convergence speed.

Metal-based photosensitizers of the type [Co(L)Cl2] (1), [Ni(L)Cl2] (2) and [Cu(L)]Cl2 (3), where L = N′1,N′3-bis[(E)-thiophen-2-ylmethylidene]benzene-1,3-dicarbohydrazide have been synthesized and characterized by advanced spectroscopic and analytical techniques. The interactions of the complexes with CT DNA were investigated by viscosity analysis, thermal denaturation and absorption spectroscopic techniques. Absorption spectral (Kb = 5.57 × 104 M−1 (1), 4.45 × 104 M−1 (2), 2.8 × 104 M−1 (3)), thermal denaturation and viscosity measurements reveal that 1, 2 and 3 interact with DNA through intercalation. The complexes are photocleavers of SC pUC19 DNA in UV-A light forming 1O2 as the reactive oxygen species. The in-vitro cytotoxicity of 1, 2 and 3 towards MCF-7 tumor cell lines has been evaluated by MTT method, and show an enhancement of cytotoxicity in UV-A light. The results revealed that complex 1 has superior prospectus to act as cancer chemotherapeutic candidate than that of complex 2 and complex 3.

resolution is the problem of recognizing which entry in database refers to same cluster.in this we have to run the ER in order to reduce the running time and to obtain good results. This paper investigates how we can reduce the running of ER with minimum amount of work using k-means clustering algorithm. In this, clustering can be done according to the matching of entries. We introduce a concept of technique called as k-means clustering to maximize the matching of entries identified using a limited amount of work. We illustrate the potential gains of this entity resolution approach using k-means.

Two strains (JA746T and JA756T) having yellowish brown-to-green pigment were isolated from a solar saltern and a pink pond, respectively. While both strains were non-motile and shared the presence of bacteriochlorophyll-a, major cellular fatty acids (C18 : 1ω7c, C16 : 0, C18 : 0), quinone (Q-10), polar lipids and hopanoids, they differed from each other in their carotenoid composition. The G+C content of genomic DNA of strains JA746T and 756T was 62.4 and 63.3 mol%, respectively. The 16S rRNA gene-based EzTaxon-e blast search analysis of strains JA746T and 756T indicated highest sequence similarity with members of the genus Rhodovulum in the family Rhodobacteraceae of the class Alphaproteobacteria . Strain JA746T has high sequence similarities with Rhodovulum visakhapatnamense JA181T (97.3 %), Rhodovulum steppense A-20sT (97.3 %), Rhodovulum phaeolacus JA580T (97 %), Rhodovulum strictum MB-G2T (97 %) and other members of the genus Rhodovulum (T has high sequence similarities with Rhodovulum visakhapatnamense JA181T (99.8 %), Rhodovulum sulfidophilum Hansen W4T (99.1 %), Rhodovulum kholense JA297T (97.9 %) and other members of the genus Rhodovulum (T and JA756T was 97.5 %. However, these strains are not closely related to each other or to their phylogenetic neighbours since the DNA–DNA reassociation values were less than 56 %. The genomic information was also supported by phenotypic and chemotaxonomic results, leading us to classify strains JA746T ( = NBRC 108898T = KCTC 15180T) and JA756T ( = NBRC 109122T = KCTC 15223T) as the type strains of two novel species of the genus Rhodovulum , for which the names Rhodovulum salis sp. nov. and Rhodovulum viride sp. nov. are proposed, respectively.

In the present investigation, a Schiff base N'(1),N'(3)-bis(Z)-(2-hydroxynapthyl)methylidene]benzene-1,3-dicarbod ihydrazide (L-1) and its Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) complexes have been synthesized and characterized as novel photosensitizing agents for photodynamic therapy (PDT). The interaction of these complexes with calf thymus DNA (CT DNA) has been explored using absorption, thermal denaturation and viscometric studies. The experimental results revealed that Co(II) and Ni(II) complexes on binding to CT DNA imply a covalent mode, most possibly involving guanine N7 nitrogen of DNA, with an intrinsic binding constant K-b of 4.5 x 10(4) M-1 and 4.2 x 10(4) M-1, respectively. However, interestingly, the Cu(II) complex is involved in the surface binding to minor groove via phosphate backbone of DNA double helix with an intrinsic binding constant K-b of 5.7 x 10(4) M-1. The Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) complexes are active in cleaving supercoiled (SC) pUC19 DNA on photoexposure to UV-visible light of 365 nm, through O-1(2) generation with quantum yields of 0.28, 0.25 and 0.30, respectively. Further, these complexes are cytotoxic in A549 lung cancer cells, showing an enhancement of cytotoxicity upon light irradiation. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

New metal complexes of the type M(nih)(L)](PF6)(n)center dot xAH(2)O and M(nih)(2)](PF6)center dot xH(2)O (where M = Co(III) or Ni(II), L = 1,10-phenanthroline (phen)/or 2,2' bipyridine (bpy), nih = 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde isonicotinoyl hydrazone, n = 2 or 1 and x = 3 or 2) have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, magnetic, IR and H-1 NMR spectral data. The electronic and magnetic moment 2.97-3.07 B.M. data infers octahedral geometry for all the complexes. The IR data reveals that Schiff base (nih) form coordination bond with the metal ion through azomethine-nitrogen, phenolic-oxygen and carbonyl-oxygen in a tridentate fashion. In addition, DNA-binding properties of these six metal complexes were investigated using absorption spectroscopy, viscosity measurements and thermal denaturation methods. The results indicated that the nickel(II) complex strongly bind with calf-thymus DNA with intrinsic DNA binding constant K-b value of 4.9 x 10(4) M-1 for (3), 4.2 x 10(4) M-1 for (4), presumably via an intercalation mechanism compared to cobalt(III) complex with K-b value of 4.6 x 10(4) M-1 (1) and 4.1 x 10(4) M-1 (2). The DNA Photoclevage experiment shows that, the complexes act as effective DNA cleavage agent. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Two strains (JA575T and JA576T) of orange- to pink-pigmented, rod-shaped, motile and budding phototrophic bacteria were isolated from paddy soils. Both strains contained bacteriochlorophyll a and carotenoids of spirilloxanthin series. Both strains had C18 : 1ω7c as the major cellular fatty acid, ubiquinone-10 (Q10) as the main quinone, and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine as polar lipids. Phylogenetic analysis on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that both strains clustered with species of the genus Rhodopseudomonas in the class Alphaproteobacteria . Strains JA575T and JA576T were genotypically ( Rhodopseudomonas . The molecular evidence is supported by phenotypic evidence. It is proposed that strains JA575T and JA576T be classified as representing two novel species of the genus Rhodopseudomonas with the species names Rhodopseudomonas pentothenatexigens sp. nov. and Rhodopseudomonas thermotolerans sp. nov., respectively. The type strains of the proposed novel species are JA575T ( = NBRC 108862T = KCTC15143T) and JA576T ( = NBRC 108863T = KCTC 15144T), respectively.

In the present investigation, a Schiff base N'1,N'3-bis[(E)-(5-bromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]benzene-1,3-dicarbohydrazide and its metal complexes have been synthesized and characterized. The DNA-binding studies were performed using absorption spectroscopy, emission spectra, viscosity measurements and thermal denatuaration studies. The experimental evidence indicated that, the Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) complexes interact with calf thymus DNA through intercalation with an intrinsic binding constant Kb of 2.6×10(4) M(-1), 5.7×10(4) M(-1) and 4.5×10(4) M(-1), respectively and they exhibited potent photodamage abilities on pUC19 DNA, through singlet oxygen generation with quantum yields of 0.32, 0.27 and 0.30 respectively. The cytotoxic activity of the complexes resulted that they act as a potent photosensitizers for photochemical reactions.

The prophylactic effects of oleanolic acid (OA) isolated from chloroform extract (CE) of Flaveria trinervia against ethanol induced liver toxicity was investigated using rats. CE and OA at three different doses were tested by administering orally to the ethanol treated animals during the last week of the 7 weeks study. Silymarin was used as the standard reference. The substantially elevated serum enzymatic levels of serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, glutamate pyruvate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase and bilirubin in ethanol treated animals were restored towards normalcy by treatment of CE and OA. In vivo antioxidant and in vitro free radical scavenging activities were also positive for all the three concentrations of CE and OA. However, OA at 150 mg/kg showed significant activity when compared to the other two doses. Biochemical observations in support with histopathological examinations revealed that CE and OA possess hepatoprotective action against ethanol induced hepatotoxicity in rats.

Four strains (JA310T, JA531T, JA447 and JA490) of red to reddish brown pigmented, rod-shaped, motile and budding phototrophic bacteria were isolated from soil and freshwater sediment samples from different geographical regions of India. All strains contained bacteriochlorophyll a and carotenoids of the spirilloxanthin series. The major cellular fatty acid of strains JA310T and JA531T was C18 : 1ω7c, the quinone was Q-10 and polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, an aminohopanoid and an unidentified aminolipid. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that all strains clustered with species of the genus Rhodopseudomonas in the class Alphaproteobacteria . Strains JA531T, JA447 and JA490 were genotypically (>80 % related based on DNA–DNA hybridization) and phenotypically closely related to each other and the three strains were distinct from strain JA310T (33 % related). Furthermore, all four strains had less than 48 % relatedness (DNA–DNA hybridization) with type strains of members of the genus Rhodopseudomonas , i.e. Rhodopseudomonas palustris ATCC 17001T, Rhodopseudomonas faecalis JCM 11668T and Rhodopseudomonas rhenobacensis DSM 12706T. The genomic DNA G+C contents of strains JA310T and JA531T were 63.8 and 62.4 mol%, respectively. On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and molecular genetic evidence, it is proposed that strains JA310T ( = NBRC 106083T = KCTC 5839T) and JA531T ( = NBRC 107575T = KCTC 5841T) be classified as the type strains of two novel species of the genus Rhodopseudomonas , Rhodopseudomonas parapalustris sp. nov. and Rhodopseudomonas harwoodiae sp. nov., respectively. In addition, we propose that strain DSM 123T ( = NBRC 100419T) represents a novel species, Rhodopseudomonas pseudopalustris sp. nov., since this strain differs genotypically and phenotypically from R. palustris ATCC 17001T and other members of the genus Rhodopseudomonas . An emended description of R. palustris is also provided.

A new tetra-aza macrocyclic ligand, L (C24H16N12O2S4) and its complexes of type, [MLCl2] and [CuL]Cl2 (where M = Ni(II), Co(II); L = N,N′-(benzene-1,3-diyldi-1,3,4-thiadiazole-5,2-diyl)bis{2-[(5-benzene-1,3-diyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)amino]acetamide}) were synthesized and characterized by the spectral and analytical techniques. An octahedral geometry has been proposed for Ni(II) and Co(II) complexes while Cu(II) complex exhibit a square planar geometry. All the synthesized metal complexes were screened for their in vitro antimicrobial activity against selected species of pathogenic bacteria and fungi. The binding property of the complexes with CT-DNA was studied by absorption spectral analysis, followed by viscosity measurement and thermal denaturation studies. The photo induced cleavage studies revealed that the complexes possess photonuclease property against pUC19 DNA under UV–visible irradiation.

A new tetraazamacrocyclic ligand, L (C24H16N12O6) and its complexes of type, [MLCl2] and [CuL]Cl2 (Where M = Co(II), Fe(II); L = N,N′-(benzene-1,3-diyldi-1,3,4-oxadiazole-5,2-diyl)bis{2-[(5-benzene-1,3-diyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)amino]acetamide}) were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis including IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, mass and electronic spectral data. An octahedral geometry has been proposed for Fe(II) and Co(II) complexes except the Cu(II) complex which have a square planar environment. The binding property of the complexes with CT-DNA was studied by absorption spectra, viscosity measurement and thermal denaturation studies. The absorption spectral results indicate that the complexes binds with the base pairs of DNA with an intrinsic binding constant Kb of Cu(II), Co(II) and Fe(II) complexes were found to be 4.5 × 104 M−1, 5.7 × 104 M−1 and 2.6 × 104 M−1, respectively in 5 mM Tris-HCl/50 mM NaCl buffer at pH 7.2. The photo induced cleavage studies revealed that the complexes show photonucl...