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The purpose of this mixed-methods study was to examine narrative responses of participants (n = 83) to the prompts of the career construction interview for manifest interests. We compared our analyzed results of narrative responses to participant Strong Interest Inventory-College Profile results to determine correlational strength. The results indicated a .27 overall correlation between the two assessments, demonstrating that some questions from the career construction interview are more and less effective in assessing manifest interests. Results from this study provide efficacy evidence for the combination of interest inventories and the career construction interview in assessing clients’ manifest interests.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of an Arabic version of the Career Adapt-Abilities Scale (CAAS) using a Jordanian sample. The sample included 233 Jordanian cit...

NASA has hundreds of non-code layered pressure vessel (LPV) tanks that hold various gases at pressure. Many of the NASA tanks were fabricated in the 1950s and 1960s and are still in use. An agency wide effort is in progress to assess the fitness for continued service of these vessels. Layered tanks typically consist of an inner liner/shell (often about 12.5 mm thick) with different layers of thinner shells surrounding the inner liner each with thickness of about 6.25-mm. The layers serve as crack arrestors for crack growth through the thickness. The number of thinner layers required depends on the thickness required for the complete vessel with most tanks having between 4 and 20 layers. Cylindrical layers are welded longitudinally with staggering so that the weld heat affected zones do not overlap. The built-up shells are then circumferentially welded together or welded to a header to complete the tank construction. This paper presents some initial results which consider weld residual stress and fracture assessment of some layered pressure vessels and is a small part of the much larger fitness for service evaluation of these tanks. This effort considers the effect of weld residual stresses on fracture for an inner layer longitudinal weld. All fabrication steps are modeled, and the high-level proof testing of the vessels has an important effect on the final WRS state. Finally, cracks are introduced, and service loading applied to determine the effects of WRS on fracture.

The life-design group (LDG) comprises an intervention designed to aid career specialists in helping groups of individuals work through career problems, transitions, and traumas. In this article, the authors describe the LDG and present case study results for 3 undergraduate students who were struggling with gaining movement in their career trajectories. Results indicated decreases in career uncertainty and indecision and increases in readiness for making academic major and career decisions. Although the LDG originated in a higher education setting, the LDG has application possibilities across the spectrum of career counseling clients.

Providing cost efficient, yet effective, student services, including career services, is a critical component in higher education. Career services must include the perspectives of the 21st-century work place. We advocate for the delivery of career development services in a group format using a narrative approach to career counseling with college students. Using career construction theory, we provide a framework for the Life Design Group and illustrate its use through a case vignette.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of an Arabic version of the Basic Adlerian Scales for Interpersonal Success–Adult Form using a Jordanian sample. The sample included 330 Jordanian citizens for whom Arabic is the native language. The results revealed three factors instead of the original five. The first factor included all items from the Belonging and Social Interest scale and nine items from the Wanting Recognition scale. All eight items of the Taking Charge scale, as well as one item from the Going Along scale, constituted the second factor. Finally, the third factor included seven items from the Being Cautious scale, two of the Going Along items, and one item from the Wanting Recognition scale.

The research based on attachment has shown that patterns of relating with primary caregivers in childhood and adolescence influence a person into adulthood, especially with regard to interpersonal relationships, including sexual intimacy. This study utilized a measure of adult parental attachment style to determine whether the perception of one’s patterns of relating with parental figures in childhood and one’s sexual attitudes are associated with unwanted sexual experiences, ranging from consensual unwanted sex and verbal coercion to more severe forms of coercion, including substance-related and physical coercion. The sample included 488 male and female college students, primarily in the age range of emerging adulthood. Analysis involved canonical correlation, which showed that individuals with avoidant parental attachment styles reported more occurrences of unwanted sex, with gender differences moderating the types of unwanted sex experienced. Of the sexual attitudes, permissiveness emerged as the strongest indicator of unwanted sexual experiences, at times interacting with avoidant attachment. Gender was a moderating variable. The authors conclude with practical implications and suggestions for future research.

Adults pursuing careers in counselor education, clinical mental health counseling, and counselor education (N = 256) participated in a study that examined relationships among archetypal identity development, meaning in life, and life satisfaction. Significant differences between groups existed for 5 archetypal identities, and meaning in life was significantly related to life satisfaction.

Before conducting an empirical study, researchers need to consider the psychometric properties of each instrument used. In particular, researchers who wish to translate an existing instrument into a different language must address reliability and validity issues, appropriateness of the norming group, and the methodology related to the back-forward translation procedures. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Lithuanian version of the Basic Adlerian Scales for Interpersonal Success–Adult Form (BASIS-A). The sample consisted of 1,100 Lithuanian-speaking participants who completed the Lithuanian BASIS-A Inventory, a demographic sheet, and the Big Five instrument. Construct validity was addressed through exploratory factor analysis. The internal and external reliability was supported. Correlation analysis with the Ten-Item Personality Inventory (TIPI) by Gosling, Rantfrow, & Swann (2003) was conducted to test the convergent validity. The various statistical analyses supported the use of the Lithuanian version of the BASIS-A as a valid instrument for use in research on the Lithuanian population.

In the new millennium, workers are vested with the responsibility of managing their own careers. Additionally, workers are expected to engage in the continual development of skills applicable across various work environments. With this need for continual development come frequent work transitions and the need for building career adaptability. Stress can ensue from this constant need to update skills and transition to new work environments. The purpose of this study was to explore relationships among Adlerian lifestyle attributes, stress coping, and career adaptability. Canonical correlation was used to explore the relationships among these variables. The results indicated that 3 dimensions were significant and interpretable: socially attuned, compliant, and impassive. The results partially support the hypothesis that high feelings of belongingness are associated with high coping resources. However, the results also highlight that a high need for acceptance from others and for following social norms may impede the development of career adaptability.

Counselor supervision occurs during a critical stage when counselors-in-training (CITs) are actively developing their career self-concept as they adapt to professional life and responsibilities. This article provides an application of a narrative approach for supervisors helping CITs understand how their personal occupational images interplay with adjusting to the work environment. With this understanding, CITs are able to identify aspects of the professional career image that they want to develop and portray in their pursuit of a career in counseling.

The Protean and Boundaryless career paradigms are calling for new ways to provide career counseling to clients. Career counselors need methods for facilitating client’s career transition across all stages of career development. This facilitation requires career counselors to be armed with methods for promoting client’s autonomy, responding to client resistance, and addressing client’s self-efficacy. In this article, career counseling is introduced with a Motivational Interviewing (MI) approach. First, an overview of career transition is presented. Then an application of MI as a component of the career counseling process is reviewed along with seven distinct counseling processes: (a) establishing the therapeutic relationship, (b) client assessment, (c) developing discrepancies, (d) rolling with resistance, (e) addressing client self-efficacy, (f) establishing empathy, and (g) transition/termination. Additionally, the article discusses the theoretical tenets, empirical support, and applications of MI for career counselors.

The “Gigabit access passive optical network using wavelength division multiplexing” project aims to implement 64-Gb/s data transmission over 20-km single-mode fiber. Per-user symmetric data rates of 1-Gb/s will be achieved using wavelength division multiplexing passive optical network (WDM-PON) architecture with a 1:64 user split per PON segment. Enabling technologies being developed within the scope of the project include tunable transceivers and athermal 50-GHz array waveguide grating multiplexer devices. The future-proof WDM architecture will enable convergence triple-play (telephony, TV, and broadband internet) service over existing optical infrastructure, and also facilitate cost-effective dense wavelength division multiplexing for metro aggregation and mobile backhaul networks.

Frequent career change is the predicted experience of workers in the global economy. Self-initiating career changers are a substantial subset of the total population of career changers. There is currently a dearth of theory and research to help career counselors conceptualize the career change process for the application of appropriate interventions. The authors present an integration of a well-researched behavior change theory, the transtheoretical model of change, with Super's (1990) life-span, life-space approach. The corresponding stages of the 2 models are discussed along with theoretically appropriate interventions. The integrated model provides the basis for future research on the change process for voluntary midlife career changers.

Components of a 100 Gb/s transmitter with electrical time-division multiplexing are presented as following: electrical multiplexer, driver amplifier, and large-bandwidth distributed feedback-traveling-wave electro-absorption modulator module. The performance of the parts of the transmitter, as well as the complete chain, is investigated for data operation and transmission in future 100 Gb/s Ethernet (100GbE). Clearly open eye diagrams at 100 Gb/s are demonstrated together with data transmission over 300 m long standard single mode fiber link.

A monolithically integrated distributed feedback (DFB) laser and traveling-wave electro-absorption modulator (TWEAM) with ges 100 GHz -3 dBe bandwidth suitable for Non-return-to-zero (NRZ) operation with on-off keying (OOK) is presented. The steady-state, small-signal modulation response, microwave reflection, chirp characteristic, and both data operation and transmission were investigated. The DFB-TWEAM was found to be an attractive candidate for future short distance communication in high bitrates systems.

Strain compensated 1.3 μm InAsP/InGaAsP laser structures have been grown by using gas source MBE and the ridge waveguide laser diodes have been fabricated. The temperature characteristics of those laser chips have been investigated in detail. The ridge type laser chips show threshold current about 10 mA at room temperature, with slope efficiency greater than 0.35 W/A/un-coated facet. The characteristic temperature of the threshold current were greater than 90 K from 25°C to 90°C. The spectral and far field characteristics of those laser chips also have been investigated.

The formation of dark-area defects (DADs) along the active stripe in InGaAsP/InP-based buried-heterostructure multiquantum-well (BH-MQW) lasers, observed in electroluminescence and photoluminescence (PL) after degradation, is found to be related to dislocations along [011]. The fact that DADs only occurred in lasers showing an increase in threshold current of more than 30% indicates that the [011] dislocations are a consequence rather than the actual origin of the degradation. Observed jogs along a [011] dislocation imply the presence of point defects in the active stripe. The nature of these point defects is not clear, but a comparison of the results for lasers with p/n and semi-insulating current blocking singles out Zn as being a possible candidate. An observed direct proportionality between the increase in threshold current and the reduction in PL intensity is interpreted as being due to a reduction in carrier lifetime due to enhanced nonradiative recombination. A dependence of the distribution of threshold-current increase on current density during aging is explained in terms of a model, in which nonradiative defects are generated during current injection. A comparison of the degradation in MQW and in bulk lasers without an MQW structure shows the degradation characteristics to be different, although the BH structure is the same. The presence of a strained structure and/or a confinement of point defects within the MQW structure therefore seems to have a decisive influence on device reliability.

The design of a traveling-wave electroabsorption modulator (TWEAM) has been improved to decrease the drive voltage. The absorption layer was optimized and together with a novel segmentation of microwave design was introduced to increase the active modulator length. The resulting - 3-dBe bandwidth of fabricated devices was estimated to be 99 GHz. Extinction ratios of 10 dB back-to-back and 6.7 dB after transmission over 2.2-km long fiber were measured with an incident drive voltage of only 2 V peak to peak. This TWEAM performance is believed to constitute a new state of the art for modulators suitable for 100-Gb/s Ethernet with on-off keying.

We have used cross‐sectional atomic force microscopy in combination with dopant‐selective etching to study structural details in InGaAsP/InP‐based laser diodes. The different etch rates of p‐type, n‐type, and semi‐insulating InP allowed us to relate topographic features in atomic force images of etched lasers to changes in the electrical characteristics of the semiconducting material. This allowed us to follow, e.g., the interdiffusion of Fe and Zn across the interface between p‐InP:Zn and semi‐insulating InP:Fe. A non‐linearity in the light‐output power response suggests that this interdiffusion has given rise to leakage currents in the structure. In addition, electron‐beam induced‐current images imply a widening of the depletion layer at this interface. Effects due to Zn diffusion across the interface between p‐InP:Zn and n‐InP:Si could also be observed. Unexpected traces of an unavoidable contamination at surfaces exposed to the atmosphere before regrowth was found in both atomic force microscopy images and cross‐sectional transmission electron microscopy images of the same laser type. The results illustrate how the atomic force microscopy in combination with selective etching can serve as a simple and convenient tool for detailed structural studies of InGaAsP/InP‐based lasers. © 1999 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.

Degradation of InGaAsP-InP-based buried-heterostructure bulk (BH-bulk) lasers has been studied by means of electroluminescence (EL), photoluminescence (PL), electron-beam-induced current (EBIC) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Lasers with p/n as well as semi-insulating (SI) current-blocking layers were studied. The results show that moderate increases in the threshold current correlate well with formation of dark defects (DD's) (i.e., dark-line defects (DLD's) or dark-spot defects (DSD's), which cannot be distinguished in our case due to the narrowness of the laser stripe.) The DD's were found to be caused by dislocation loops. The dependence of threshold current increase on the number of DD's is explained in terms of a model which includes effects due to the DD's, as well as changes in the regions outside the DD's. The latter is found to be responsible for the major part of the threshold current increase. Values for the ratio between the carrier lifetimes inside and outside the DD's are presented, for the first time. In our lasers, strong degradation differs from moderate degradation in that DD's do not form during aging. The presence of dislocation loops only at the sidewalls of the active stripe in lasers with p/n current-blocking layers points to the sidewalls as being critical. The near absence of dislocation loops and the smaller increase in threshold current in SI lasers which have degraded strongly, compared to the strongly degrading p/n lasers, suggest that strong degradation is a synergistic combination of damage in the sidewalls and Zn indiffusion from the current-blocking layers.

We prepared In 0.53 Ga 0.47 As/InP electron waveguides with in-plane side gates by deep etching through a two-dimensional electron gas. In these structures we investigated the conductance dependent on the voltages applied at both gates. Our experiments show a remarkable asymmetry in the gate efficiency: negative gate voltages seem to be more efficient than positive ones, and the pinch-off voltage of the waveguide depends mainly on the more negative of the two gate voltages. A model is given which takes the etched surfaces into account. The conductance in the waveguide is essentially determined by the potentials at the etched surfaces, which are via Schottky-diode transitions coupled with the gates and the channel. With the help of this model we are able to explain the behavior of the electron waveguides.

Distributed feedback (DFB) laser parameters such as grating coupling coefficient, effective indices, facet reflectances, and the phases of facet reflectances have been determined using a method based on least-square fitting of theoretical spectra to measured, subthreshold DFB laser emission spectra. The only inputs needed are geometrical parameters such as length, grating period, and internal grating phase shifts. A larger number of devices have been successfully characterized, and consistent results have been obtained in both 1.3-/spl mu/m multi-quantum-well (MQW) DFB lasers with both facets as-cleaved, and in 1.55-/spl mu/m MQW DFB lasers with no, one, or two facets as-cleaved.

After a review of the design principles, we present new experimental and theoretical results about the multigrating filter (MGF), a tunable channel selection filter for wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) transmission systems. Bit error rates mere measured at 2.5 Gb/s for single- and multichannel operation of a packaged polarization independent four-channel MGF with integrated amplifiers. The single-channel results are compared with theory. A monolithic tunable channel dropping component has also been fabricated by integrating two MGF's, a splitter, and amplifiers. Bit error rates measurements are presented for optical (at 2.5 Gb/s) and electrical on-chip (at 622 Mb/s) channel dropping in single- and multichannel operation.

Carbonyl and imino groups are two of the most integral functional groups employed in organic synthesis. Specific topics discussed: reduction, alkylation, alkenylation, and arylation of these groups, as well as asymmetric aldol, Mannich, and Morita-Bayliss-Hillman reactions. This volume is part of a 3-volume set: Science of Synthesis Stereoselective Synthesis Workbench Edition Further information about Stereoselective Synthesis (including sample pages and the table of contents)