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1. A Novel, Transformation-Relevant Activation Domain in Fos Proteins

Author

Rolf Müller, Valérie Jérôme, M. Funk, B. Poensgen, and W. Graulich

Subjects
Transcriptional Activation, Recombinant Fusion Proteins, Molecular Sequence Data, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Moloney murine sarcoma virus, Biology, Cell Line, Mice, Transactivation, Transcription (biology), Animals, Amino Acid Sequence, Molecular Biology, Peptide sequence, chemistry.chemical_classification, Oncogene Proteins v-fos, C-terminus, Genetic Complementation Test, Genes, fos, 3T3 Cells, Cell Biology, biology.organism_classification, Molecular biology, Rats, Amino acid, Cell biology, Cell Transformation, Neoplastic, chemistry, Mutation, Transcription preinitiation complex, Neoplastic Stem Cells, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos, Research Article
Abstract

We have previously demonstrated that transformation by Fos is critically dependent on an intact DNA-binding domain (bZip) and a functional N-terminal transactivation motif (N-TM). We now show that a novel motif (C-terminal transactivation motif [C-TM]) near the C terminus also plays an important role in both transformation and the activation of AP1-dependent transcription and that the hydrophobic amino acids in the C-TM are functionally essential. The C-TM is the most crucial element in the C-terminal transactivation domain in Fos, as indicated by its relative strength and context-independent function. The C-TM is clearly different from the previously identified HOB2 domain, located N terminally to the C-TM, and the C-terminally positioned TATA-binding protein-binding domain. We also show that the C-terminal transactivation domain strongly synergizes with the HOB1-like N-TM, even when both domains are present on different proteins within a dimeric complex, and that the C-TM plays a crucial role in this cooperation. These observations can be corroborated in a model in which multiple contacts with the basal machinery are established either to stabilize the transcription complex or to facilitate its sequential assembly.

Published
1997

2. Measurements of the nucleon structure function in the range 0.002 < x < 0.17 and 00.2 < Q2 < 8 GeV2 in deuterium, carbon and calcium

Author

M. Arneodo, A. Arvidson, J.J. Aubert, B. Badelek, J. Beaufays, C.P. Bee, C. Benchouk, G. Berghoff, I.G. Bird, D. Blum, E. Böhm, X. de Bouard, F.W. Brasse, H. Braun, C. Broll, S.C. Brown, H. Brück, H. Calén, J.S. Chima, J. Ciborowski, R. Clifft, G. Coignet, F. Combley, J. Coughlan, G. d'Agostini, S. Dahlgren, I. Derado, T. Dreyer, J. Drees, M. Düren, V. Eckardt, A. Edwards, M. Edwards, T. Ernst, G. Eszes, J. Favier, M.I. Ferrero, J. Figiel, W. Flauger, J. Foster, E. Gabathuler, J. Gajewski, R. Gamet, N. Geddes, P. Grafström, L. Gustafsson, J. Haas, E. Hagberg, F.J. Hasert, P. Hayman, P. Heusse, M. Jaffre, A. Jacholkowska, F. Janata, G. Jancso, A.S. Johnson, E.M. Kabuss, G. Kellner, A. Krüger, J. Krüger, S. Kullander, U. Landgraf, D. Lanske, J. Loken, K. Long, M. Maire, P. Malecki, A. Manz, S. Maselli, W. Mohr, F. Montanet, H.E. Montgomery, E. Nagy, J. Nassalski, P.R. Norton, F.G. Oakham, A.M. Osborne, C. Pascaud, B. Pawlik, P. Payre, C. Peroni, H. Peschel, H. Pessard, J. Pettingale, B. Pietrzyk, B. Poensgen, M. Pötsch, P. Renton, P. Ribarics, K. Rith, E. Rondio, A. Sandacz, M. Scheer, A. Schlagböhmer, H. Schiemann, N. Schmitz, M. Schneegans, M. Scholz, M. Schouten, T. Schröder, K. Schultze, T. Sloan, H.E. Stier, M. Studt, G.N. Taylor, J.M. Thenard, J.C. Thompson, A. de la Torre, J. Toth, L. Urban, W. Wallucks, M. Whalley, S. Wheeler, W.S.C. Williams, S.J. Wimpenny, R. Windmolders, and G. Wolf

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Muon, Deuterium, Scattering, HERA, Small-angle scattering, Atomic physics, Inelastic scattering, Nucleon, Deep inelastic scattering
Abstract

Small angle scattering of 280 GeV positive muons by deuterium, carbon and calcium has been measured at scattering angles down to 2 mrad. The nucleon structure function F 2 extracted from deuterium does not show a significant x dependence in the measured range of Q 2 and its Q 2 dependence is linear in log Q 2 . For calcium, a depletion of F 2 is observed at low x by 30% as compared with the values at x = 0.1 where F 2 (Ca) and F 2 (D) are not significantly different. This depletion is attributed to shadowing. The carbon structure function exhibits a similar, but less pronounced, x dependence. Such behaviour is observed to be independent of Q 2 . The data are consistent with those obtained from other charged lepton experiments both at similar and higher values of x and Q 2 and considerably extend the range of the measurements down to the low values of x to be measured in forthcoming experiments at HERA.

Published
1990

3. Measurements of the u valence quark distribution function in the proton and u quark fragmentation functions

Author

M. Arneodo, A. Arvidson, J.J. Aubert, B. Badelek, J. Beaufays, C.P. Bee, C. Benchouk, G. Berghoff, I.G. Bird, D. Blum, E. Böhm, X. De Bouard, F.W. Brasse, H. Braun, C. Broll, S.C. Brown, H. Brück, H. Calen, J.S. Chima, J. Ciborowski, R. Clifft, G. Coignet, F. Combley, J. Coughlan, G. D'Agostini, S. Dahlgren, F. Dengler, I. Derado, T. Dreyer, J. Drees, M. Düren, V. Eckardt, A. Edwards, M. Edwards, T. Ernst, G. Eszes, J. Favier, M.I. Ferrero, J. Figiel, W. Flauger, J. Foster, E. Gabathuler, J. Gajewski, R. Gamet, J. Gayler, N. Geddes, P. Grafström, F. Grard, J. Haas, E. Hagberg, F.J. Hasert, P. Hayman, P. Heusse, M. Jaffre, A. Jacholkowska, F. Janata, G. Jancso, A.S. Johnson, E.M. Kabuss, G. Kellner, V. Korbel, A. Krüger, J. Krüger, S. Kullander, U. Landgraf, D. Lanske, J. Loken, K. Long, M. Maire, P. Malecki, A. Manz, S. Maselli, W. Mohr, F. Montanet, H.E. Montgomery, E. Nagy, J. Nassalski, P.R. Norton, F.G. Oakham, A.M. Osborne, C. Pascaud, B. Pawlik, P. Payre, C. Peroni, H. Peschel, H. Pessard, J. Pettingale, B. Pietrzyk, B. Poensgen, M. Pötsch, P. Renton, P. Ribarics, K. Rith, E. Rondio, A. Sandacz, M. Scheer, A. Schlagböhmer, H. Schiemann, N. Schmitz, M. Schneegans, M. Scholz, M. Schouten, T. Schröder, K. Schultze, T. Sloan, H.E. Stier, M. Studt, G.N. Taylor, J.M. Thenard, J.C. Thompson, A. De la Torre, J. Toth, L. Urban, W. Wallucks, M. Whalley, S. Wheeler, W.S.C. Williams, S.J. Wimpenny, R. Windmolders, and G. Wolf

Subjects
Quark, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Muon, Proton, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Nuclear Theory, Down quark, Parton, Nuclear physics, Pion, Antiproton, Up quark, Physics::Accelerator Physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Nuclear Experiment, Particle Physics - Experiment
Abstract

A new determination of the u valence quark distribution function in the proton is obtained from the analysis of identified charged pions, kaons, protons and antiprotons produced in muon-proton and muon-deuteron scattering. The comparison with results obtained in inclusive deep inelastic lepton-nucleon scattering provides a further test of the quark-parton model. The u quark fragmentation functions into positive and negative pions, kaons, protons and antiprotons are also measured.

Published
1989

4. Proton and antiproton production in deep inelastic muon-nucleon scattering at 280 GeV

Author

A. Manz, Jane Coughlan, M. Jaffre, V. Eckardt, E. Böhm, G. Kellner, P. B. Renton, J. Ciborowski, L. Urban, Michele Arneodo, J. Krüger, F. Janata, P. Payre, A. W. Edwards, F. Combley, M. Maire, A.M. Osborne, S. Kullander, B. Poensgen, J.M. Thenard, J. G. Loken, T. J. Sloan, J. Favier, P. R. Norton, W. Flauger, H. Pessard, F.J. Hasert, A. Jacholkowska, M. C. Edwards, J. Pettingale, S. Wheeler, P. Ribarics, J. Drees, M.I. Ferrero, J. Nassalski, C. Pascaud, G. Jansco, J. Beaufays, E. Gabathuler, C. Benchouk, E. M. Kabuss, W. Wallucks, T. Ernst, H. E. Stier, B. Badelek, A. S. Johnson, Ph. Heusse, G. Eszes, E. Rondio, Cristiana Peroni, Roland Windmolders, B. Pawlik, H. Peschel, R. Gamet, I. Derado, M. Scheer, W. Mohr, J. J. Aubert, A. Arvidson, F. Dengler, S. Maselli, Michael Düren, T. Schröder, M. Whalley, A. Schlagböhmer, J. S. Chima, H. Schiemann, S.C. Brown, M. Schouten, K. Schultze, C. Broll, D. Lanske, E. Hagberg, H.E. Montgomery, Ulrich Landgraf, Kr Long, Stephen Wimpenny, X. De Bouard, F. Grard, G. Berghoff, J. Foster, J. Gayler, A. de la Torre, D. Blum, M. Scholz, M. Studt, P.J. Hayman, K. Rith, A. Sandacz, A. Krüger, N. Geddes, V. Korbel, W.S.C. Williams, J. Figiel, F.W. Brasse, Gy. Wolf, N. Schmitz, Geoffrey Taylor, F. G. Oakham, T. Dreyer, E. Nagy, F. Montanet, J. Haas, S. Dahlgren, H. M. Braun, R. W. Clifft, J. Gajewski, B. Pietrzyk, Joshua Thompson, M. Schneegans, G. D'Agostini, Jozsef Toth, H. Brück, P. Grafström, M. Pötsch, C. P. Bee, P. Malecki, Hans Calén, I. G. Bird, and G. Coignet

Subjects
Physics, Particle physics, Muon, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Proton, Nuclear Theory, Inelastic scattering, Deep inelastic scattering, Nuclear physics, Pair production, Antiproton, Antimatter, Physics::Accelerator Physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Nuclear Experiment, Nucleon, Engineering (miscellaneous), Particle Physics - Experiment
Abstract

New results on proton and antiproton production in the target and current fragmentation regions of high energy muon-nucleon scattering are presented. Proton and antiproton production is investigated as a function of Feynmanx and rapidity. No significant difference is observed between production on hydrogen and deuterium targets. Correlations betweenpp,\(p\bar p\) and\(\bar p\bar p\) pairs are analysed and the results are compared with the predictions of the Lund fragmentation model.

Published
1987

5. Charge and transverse momentum correlations in deep inelastic muon-proton scattering

Author

J. Krüger, M. Whalley, M. Pötsch, F. Dengler, A.M. Osborne, S. Kullander, J. S. Chima, Hans Calén, B. Poensgen, J. Favier, T. J. Sloan, P. Malecki, H. Hruck, J. Pettingale, I. Derado, F. Grard, A. S. Johnson, W. Mohr, Silvia Maselli, I. G. Bird, G. Coignet, Jozsef Toth, C. Pascaud, J. G. Loken, Cristiana Peroni, Christopher Bee, Roland Windmolders, H. E. Stier, E. Böhm, W. Flauger, A. Arvidson, M. Jaffre, Michael Düren, P.J. Hayman, M.I. Ferrero, M. Scholz, G. Kellner, P. Grafström, F. Janata, P. Payre, J. J. Aubert, J. Figiel, F. G. Oakham, H. Pessard, M. Scheer, Michele Arneodo, P. Ribarics, S.C. Brown, W.S.C. Williams, F. Combley, M. Maire, R. Gamet, A. W. Edwards, F. J. Hasert, X. De Bouard, G. Jancso, J. Ciborowski, G. D' Agostini, J.M. Thenard, A. Jacholkowska, J. Beaufays, L. Urban, M. Schouten, P. R. Norton, M. Adwards, B. Pietrzyk, E. M. Kabuss, Ph. Heusse, Ulrich Landgraf, J. Foster, Joshua Thompson, S. Wheeler, G. Berghoff, J. Coughlan, F.W. Brasse, A. de la Torre, J. Nassalski, M. Studt, M. Schneegans, A. Manz, G. Eszes, C. Benchouk, A. Schlagböhmer, Gy. Wolf, N. Geddes, C. Broll, H.E. Montgomery, P. B. Renton, Geoffrey Taylor, E. Hagberg, E. Gabathuler, T. Dreyer, V. Korbel, J. Gayler, T. Ernst, B. Badelek, J. Haas, V. Eckardt, N. Schmitz, H. Schiemann, W. Wallucks, K. Schultze, Stephen Wimpenny, D. Lanske, T. Schröder, Kr Long, J. Gajewski, E. Nagy, D. Blurn, S. Dahlgren, R. W. Clifft, H. M. Braun, J. Drees, B. Pawlik, E. Rondio, F. Montanet, and K. Rith

Subjects
Physics, Muon, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Scattering, Hadron, Virtual particle, Elementary particle, Hadronization, Nuclear physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Rapidity, Decay product, Atomic physics, Nuclear Experiment, Engineering (miscellaneous), Particle Physics - Experiment
Abstract

Correlations between charged hadrons are investigated in a 280 GeV muon-proton scattering experiment. Although most of the observed particles are decay products it is shown that the correlations found originate in the fragmentation process and are not due simply to resonance production. Correlations are demonstrated between hadrons close in rapidity with respect to their charges and to the directions of their momentum components perpendicular to the virtual photon axis. Such short range correlations are predicted by the standard hadronization models.

Published
1986

6. Quark charge retention in final state hadrons from deep inelastic muon scattering

Author

H. E. Stier, Claus Goessling, C. Broll, Ph. Heusse, F. W. Brasse, M. Jaffre, F. Dengler, Cristiana Peroni, Roland Windmolders, C. Hoppe, H.E. Montgomery, J. Shiers, Hans Calén, A. Arvidson, F. G. Oakham, J.J. Dumont, J. Gayler, N. Schmitz, K. Schultze, I. G. Bird, G. Kellner, Stephen Wimpenny, G. Coignet, D. Lanske, A. S. Johnson, W.S.C. Williams, P. Payre, Jozsef Toth, M. Edwards, F. Janata, P. Zank, E. Nagy, J. Foster, M. Poetsch, Jennifer S. Haas, H. Preissner, S. Dahlgren, L. Urban, H. Pessard, L. Gustafsson, K. Rith, A. Jacholkowska, S.C. Brown, N. Geddes, Ulrich Landgraf, R. W. Clifft, Richard Mount, V. Korbel, E. Rondio, J. G. Loken, Paolo Giubellino, E. M. Kabuss, Christopher Bee, I. Derado, J. Favier, F. Combley, M. Maire, J. Pettingale, J.K. Davies, P. B. Renton, W. Flauger, C. Benchouk, F. Montanet, D. Blum, Jane Coughlan, J. S. Chima, M.I. Ferrero, C. Pascaud, W. Mohr, K.H. Becks, M. Dueren, W. Stockhausen, Michele Arneodo, H. Wahlen, H. Brueck, Jc Thompson, F.J. Hasert, J.M. Thenard, M. Schneegans, A.M. Osborne, S. Kullander, B. Poensgen, V. Eckardt, T. J. Sloan, P. Ribarics, T. Schroeder, P. R. Norton, W. Wallucks, Kr Long, J.P. Albanese, G. Jancso, J. Carr, T. Ernst, F. Grard, E. Hagberg, J. Krueger, J. Drees, J.H. Cobb, H. M. Braun, M. Whalley, J. J. Aubert, Gy. Wolf, A. Schlagboehmer, G.R. Court, A. Manz, U. Dosseli, X. De Bouard, E. Gabathuler, Geoffrey Taylor, T. Dreyer, L. Paul, J. Figiel, G. Eszes, S. Wheeler, J. Nassalski, R.W. Dobinson, A. Edwards, P.J. Hayman, D. Callebaut, E. Boehm, W. D. Dau, A. de la Torre, M. Studt, R. Gamet, P. Grafstroem, and G. D'Agostini

Subjects
Physics, Quark, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Muon, Valence (chemistry), Scattering, Hadron, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Nuclear Theory, Parton, Nuclear physics, Rapidity, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Nuclear Experiment, Charge retention, Particle Physics - Experiment
Abstract

The net charge of final state hadrons in both the current and target fragmentation regions has been measured in 280 GeV/ c muon-proton scattering experiment. A clean kinematic separation of the two regions in the centre-of-mass rapidity is demonstrated. The dependence on x Bj of the mean net charges is found to be consistent with a large contribution of sea quarks at small x Bj and with the dominance of valence quarks at large x Bj thus giving clear confirmation of the quarck- parton model. It is also shown that the lending forward hadron has a high probability of containing the struck quark.

Published
1984

8. A novel, transformation-relevant activation domain in Fos proteins.

Author

Funk M, Poensgen B, Graulich W, Jerome V, and Müller R

Subjects
3T3 Cells, Amino Acid Sequence, Animals, Cell Line, Genes, fos genetics, Genetic Complementation Test, Mice, Molecular Sequence Data, Moloney murine sarcoma virus, Mutation, Neoplastic Stem Cells, Rats, Recombinant Fusion Proteins, Saccharomyces cerevisiae genetics, Cell Transformation, Neoplastic, Oncogene Proteins v-fos genetics, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos genetics, Transcriptional Activation genetics
Abstract

We have previously demonstrated that transformation by Fos is critically dependent on an intact DNA-binding domain (bZip) and a functional N-terminal transactivation motif (N-TM). We now show that a novel motif (C-terminal transactivation motif [C-TM]) near the C terminus also plays an important role in both transformation and the activation of AP1-dependent transcription and that the hydrophobic amino acids in the C-TM are functionally essential. The C-TM is the most crucial element in the C-terminal transactivation domain in Fos, as indicated by its relative strength and context-independent function. The C-TM is clearly different from the previously identified HOB2 domain, located N terminally to the C-TM, and the C-terminally positioned TATA-binding protein-binding domain. We also show that the C-terminal transactivation domain strongly synergizes with the HOB1-like N-TM, even when both domains are present on different proteins within a dimeric complex, and that the C-TM plays a crucial role in this cooperation. These observations can be corroborated in a model in which multiple contacts with the basal machinery are established either to stabilize the transcription complex or to facilitate its sequential assembly.

Published
1997
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