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Preservation knowledge is important for those preparing archaeological collections for curation or requesting access to collections for research. Literature about the fields of archaeological conservation and curation is plentiful, but there are scant resources that offer a basic introduction to the knowledge needed to facilitate preservation of and access to archaeological collections. Much of the literature focuses on conservation in the field and in the lab. Archaeological curation standards and the importance of sustainable management of archaeological collections also are well documented. In contrast, this article serves as an introductory guide to preventive care, specifically to the agents of deterioration and the storage considerations that affect preservation of and access to archaeological collections. Collections specialists who work in museums, government repositories, or historical societies, as well as field archaeologists, academic archaeologists teaching and conducting research on collections, and descendant communities in tribal historic preservation offices and other repositories will find this guide useful as a reference and teaching resource.

ZusammenfassungHumor ist ein historisch schwieriges Thema: Über was gelacht wird und in welchen Situationen, ist historisch variabel. Vielfach geht Humor mit Normtransgressionen einher, die nur deshalb nicht als anstößig wahrgenommen werden, weil in der konkreten Situation Humor erwartbar und toleriert ist – man kann hier von sozial konstruierten ‚Humorräumen‘ sprechen. Diepompa funebrisim republikanischen und kaiserzeitlichen Rom bildete einen solchen ‚Humorraum‘. Von der Forschung bisher kaum beachtet, finden sich hier zahlreiche karnevaleske Elemente, die einen Leichenzug zu einem durch die Stadt ziehenden Humorraum machten. Das Lachen konnte dabei nebst einer möglichen apotropäischen Funktion den ‚liminalen‘ Charakter des Rituals unterstreichen, vor allem aber diente es dazu, das Potential für Spannungen, die bei der Inszenierung aristokratischen Prestiges im an sich egalitären Raum derres publicaauftreten konnten, aufzufangen. Doch gerade dadurch wurde der potentiell subversive und unkontrollierbare Charakter derpompa funebrisin das Ritual selbst eingebunden und machte Leichenzüge zu einem Kristallisationspunkt potentieller Transgressionen. Dass Spott und Lachen die Leichen angesehener Aristokraten begleiteten, wirft dabei nicht nur ein neues Licht auf das an sich gut erforschte Phänomen aristokratischer Leichenfeiern im öffentlichen Raum, sondern zeigt auch die Fremdheit antiker Lachkultur.

Die Propaganda des faschistischen Italiens setzte die Antike prominent in Szene. Diese Instrumentalisierung der Antike in moderner Propaganda hatte sehr konkrete Rückwirkungen auf das Bild, das man sich von der Antike machte. Teilweise direkt unter dem Eindruck faschistischer Propaganda begannen damals Altertumswissenschaftler, moderne Propaganda in der Antike zu erkennen: Antiken Texten und Monumenten wurde nun eine ganz andere Wirkungskraft und -absicht zugeschrieben als noch in den Jahrzehnten zuvor. Die zeitbedingten Anachronismen sind offenkundig, doch die faschistische Inszenierung der Antike offenbarte eine Wirkungsmöglichkeit antiker Monumente, die man so vorher nicht gesehen hatte und die nicht per se ‚falsch‘ ist. Dass dabei die römische Kaiserzeit im Vordergrund stand, ist bezeichnend: Die auffallende Omnipräsenz von Bildern, der Fokus der Repräsentation auf städtische Räume und die besonders ausgeprägte Zuspitzung dieser Repräsentation auf die Person des Herrschers ließen die römische Kaiserzeit innerhalb der Vormoderne für moderne Anachronismen besonders anschlussfähig erscheinen. Die Auseinandersetzung mit der modernen Übertragung des Propagandabegriffs auf die Antike zielt daher nicht bloß auf eine Offenlegung von Anachronismen, sondern kann als heuristisches Instrument den Blick für die Besonderheit der Antike innerhalb der Vormoderne schärfen., Classical Antiquity played a prominent role in the propaganda of fascist Italy. This instrumentalization of Antiquity through modern propaganda changed the way Antiquity itself was seen. During this time, occasionally under direct impression of fascist propaganda, classicists began to see modern propaganda in Antiquity: in striking contrast to the decades before, ancient texts and monuments were now attributed a completely different impact and intent. The time-related anachronisms of this view are obvious, but the fascist staging of antiquity did reveal a possible effect of ancient monuments that had not been seen before and which is not per se ‚wrong‘. It is further significant that these anachronisms focus on the Roman imperial period: the striking omnipresence of images, a representation centred on urban spaces and the strong focus of this representation on the person of the ruler apparently made this period within premodern times especially susceptible to modern anachronisms. Examining the transfer of the modern concept of propaganda to the ancient world therefore should not primarily aim at uncovering anachronisms, but should be used as a heuristic tool to highlight the peculiarity of Antiquity within the premodern era.

With the rise of an innovation-based, technology-centric economy over the past two decades, there has been a shift in the market, enabling technological entrepreneurs to build business ventures that have realized accelerated growth and reached considerable scale. This “new economy” has created a need for individuals with a balanced skill set accompanying both business acumen, and technological innovation of complex systems. In esponse to this need, post-secondary engineering education institutions are teaching more business and entrepreneurship content. In Canada, most of the major post-secondary engineering education institutions offer some form of entrepreneurial education. However, approaches and programs offered by respective institutions vary in their approach to teaching engineering entrepreneurship, yielding a variety of different program implementations. There is, thus, a strong need to develop a Community of Practice focusing on engineering entrepreneurship education in Canada to foster a more rigorous and collaborative effort to evolve entrepreneurial teaching and learning. This paper is a first attempt to document and interpret the current state of a select number of Canadian Engineering Entrepreneurship Education programs. The founding members of the Canadian Engineering Education Association’s (CEEA) Engineering Entrepreneurship and technology innovation (EETI) Special Interest Group (SIG) have collaboratively collected information regarding the current practice of Engineering Entrepreneurship education within their affiliated institutions. This paper examines the Institutional Context, Strategy, Business Infrastructure, as well as the programs employed for Teaching and Learning at both the Undergraduate and Graduate levels. Our goal is to present a snapshot of the current practice for which entrepreneurship education is delivered at the institutions for which the founding members of the EETI SIG reside, as well as, discuss how entrepreneurship intersects with the other areas of engineering education, for example, design, the maker space movement, and professionalism, as well as, many of the Canadian Engineering Accreditation Board’s twelve graduate attributes.

Research suggests that object-based, active learning enhances student experiences and learning outcomes. The Logan Museum of Anthropology has devoted significant resources to student-centered, inquiry-based learning. To determine if and how collections use was associated with enhanced learning across the curriculum of Beloit College, the museum’s parent institution, we conducted two surveys of instructors and students. The purposes were (1) to define how deeply and intensely engaged students were with collections and (2) to evaluate the correlation of self-reported student learning outcomes with collections use in general and with deeply engaged collections use in particular. We found that enhanced student learning was associated with collections use across the liberal arts curriculum. Further, we found that positive learning outcomes positively correlated with deeper collections engagement. We also gathered qualitative student observations that provide examples of how collections use helped stude...

One of the most frequently discussed mobility topics is the future of drivetrains. In internal combustion engines (ICE), oil filtration has always played a role and has largely contributed to a long lifetime of engines, transmissions and cooling cycles. Beyond that, oil filtration will play a major role in future drivetrain concepts. In lubricating and cooling, contaminants like particles and water have to be removed to assure a long lifetime also of future drivetrain components. Modern drivetrain concepts and trends are pointing towards hybrid motors or e-drives with e-axles, bio fuels, downsized components and new, more efficient lubricants or coolant oils. During operation in present and future drivetrains, the quality of oils is chemically as well as physically influenced in a way that ageing can occur faster or more intense. This brings up increased challenges on the oil filter media during the operation. Oil filter media made of synthetic fibers, fully or partially, are facing these challenges.

Residual calculi after stone therapy need to be treated if they are clinically significant, mainly depending on the size of the calculi. There are different ways to detect and measure the size of residual calculi as for example KUB or computed tomography. The Uro Dyna-CT (Siemens Healthcare solutions, Erlangen, Germany) allows cross-sectional imaging and 3D reconstructions during endourological interventions. In this ex vivo study, we investigate the accuracy of imaging residual calculi with the Uro Dyna-CT. Twenty-seven artificial stones (plaster of Paris) were scanned with the Uro Dyna-CT by a special urolithiasis protocol and post-image processing with 3D-reconstruction and cross-sectional imaging was performed. The major diameter of each stone was measured at the dedicated workstation by one investigator. The same stones were measured randomized with a digital caliper (real size). Finally, the two measurements were compared. The paired t test, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, the F Test, a reference area for differences, the intraclass correlation coefficient, the Maloney–Rastogi test and the Bland–Altman analysis were used for statistical analyses. The range of stone sizes was 3–5 mm. We did not find significant differences in the size of the stones measured with the Uro Dyna-CT and the digital caliper (paired t test p = 0.3597) and we showed a good correlation between the two measuring methods (intraclass correlation coefficient 0.4465; p = 0.0088). Renal calculi can be measured highly accurately with the Uro Dyna-CT. Whether this technique will lead to less residual fragments after stone treatment needs to be shown in further studies.

Anemia in toddlers may result from many disorders including excessive feeding with cow’s milk. Another sequel of age-inadequate cow’s milk nutrition may be gastric lactobezoar (GLB), a dense lump of coagulated milk and mucus in the stomach. 3 toddlers presented with a history of excessive intake of full cream cow’s milk, abdominal distension, vomiting, dehydration, fatigue, marked pallor and tachycardia. Diagnostic imaging revea­led large GLBs as the likely origin of the abdominal symptoms. Laboratory evaluation showed severe anemia with depleted iron stores and signs of protein catabolism. Non-cow’s milk-induced causes of anemia including defects of erythropoiesis, hemoglobin structure, RBC-enzymes and blood coagulation, hemolysis, immune disorders, infection, inflammation, extraintestinal hemorrhage, nephropathy were – according to the available data – unlikely to cause the anemia in our patients. Thus their anemia is thought to be due to age-inadequate cow’s milk nutrition leading to 1) low intake, decreased absorption/bioavailability and increased intestinal loss of iron, and 2) GLB which induced blood loss following mechanical irritation of the gastric mucosa and vomiting causing high gastric pH and decrease in duodenal iron absorption The anemia in our patients is due to both exaggerated feeding with cow’s milk and adverse effects of GLBs. This hypothesis is supported by the finding that, after erythrocyte transfusion, iron substitution, age-adapted nutrition and GLB-dissolution, the anemia did not recur. We propose to include GLB in the differential diagnosis of anemia in cow’s milk fed small children.

Erich S. Gruen: Rethinking the Other in Antiquity. Princeton/Oxford: Princeton UP 2011. XV, 415 S. (Martin Classical Lectures.) 27, 95 £.

a b s t r a c t Differences in fiber type distribution in the axial muscles of Hawaiian gobioid stream fishes have pre- viously been linked to differences in locomotor performance, behavior, and diet across species. Using ATPase assays, we examined fiber types of the jaw opening sternohyoideus muscle across five species, as well as fiber types of three jaw closing muscles (adductor mandibulae A1, A2, and A3). The jaw mus- cles of some species of Hawaiian stream gobies contained substantial red fiber components. Some jaw muscles always had greater proportions of white muscle fibers than other jaw muscles, independent of species. In addition, comparing across species, the dietary generalists (Awaous guamensis and Stenogobius hawaiiensis) had a lower proportion of white muscle fibers in all jaw muscles than the dietary specialists (Lentipes concolor, Sicyopterus stimpsoni, and Eleotris sandwicensis). Among Hawaiian stream gobies, gen- eralist diets may favor a wider range of muscle performance, provided by a mix of white and red muscle fibers, than is typical of dietary specialists, which may have a higher proportion of fast-twitch white fibers in jaw muscles to help meet the demands of rapid predatory strikes or feeding in fast-flowing habitats. © 2011 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.

Improving preservation of and access to collections is recognized as a national priority in the U.S. Such improvements often require moving and rehousing collections. Careful planning for move projects is essential even when collections are relocated within renovated existing storage areas. We offer a case study of a rehousing project that required moving over 300,000 objects. A long-range preservation plan, informed by collections assessments and the museum's overall mission and strategic plan, guided all stages of the project. Planning included inventories, a pilot project, and research on other institutions’ move projects. The project plan specified collection packing, moving, temporary storage, and tracking procedures as well as specifications for the new storage systems. The plan allowed modifications during project implementation to handle unanticipated complications. The improvement of physical preservation and access facilitated the next step of the long-range plan: implementation of a data management system to improve intellectual control and access.