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Le cancer du rectum a une incidence estimee a 30 000 cas par an dans les pays developpes, avec une survie globale de 55% a 5 ans. Les techniques d’imagerie moderne, desormais disponibles au Senegal pourraient permettre de mieux poser les indications therapeutiques de cette affection dans les pays en voie de developpement, en precisant notamment les criteres de resecabilite. Les auteurs ont collige sur 20 mois 32 dossiers d’IRM de patients atteints de cancer du rectum; les examens ont ete realises sur un aimant de 1,5 Tesla. La marge circonferentielle et la marge distale ont pu etre predites chez 16 patients parmi les 17 adresses pour bilan pre-therapeutique, confirmant l’IRM comme outil performant pour determiner les criteres de resecabilite.

This research aimed to analyze the epidemio- clinical characteristic and the prognosis of patients with eclampsia admitted to the intensive care unit at the University Hospital of Point G.The clinical records of all patients admitted to intensive care for eclampsia from September 2009 to February 2011 were retrospectively collected. We analyzed the following parameters: age, parity, gravidity, the admission deadline, the beginning of eclampsia compared to the term of pregnancy, the number of seizure, mode of delivery, score of Glasgow, blood pressure, proteinuria, complications and evolution.Among 702 admissions, 158 patients, with a mean age of 20 ± 4 were hospitalized for eclampsia (22.5%). We recorded 106 cases of first pregnancies (67.1%) and 104 primiparous (65.8%). The admission period after the first seizure was over 6 hours for 90 patients (57%). The first seizure had occurred in ante-partum period for 69 patients, in per-partum period for 4 patients and in postpartum period for 85 patients.Ninety-three patients (59%) had consciousness disorders at admission, 12 patients received oxygen treatment .Vaginal delivery was the mode of delivery for 93 patients and cesarean section for 65 patients.Eclampsia was associated with renal failure in 25 patients, HELLP syndrome for 15 patients, the stroke for 5 patients, acute pulmonary edema for 3 patients, the coagulation disorders for one patient; and the sepsis for 6 patients. Maternal and perinatal lethality was 9.5% and 10.8% respectively.Eclampsia is a frequent medical and obstetric emergency in intensive care unit of the University Hospital of Point G and affects young patients during their first pregnancy and delivery. Maternal and perinatal lethality remains high, due to the delay in the cases management and the associated factors of gravity. Strong actions are needed to raise awareness for early medical visit and to prepare medical teams for better cases management.Analyser les caractéristiques épidémio - clinique et le pronostic de l'éclampsie en réanimation au centre hospitalier et universitaire (CHU) du Point G.Les dossiers cliniques de toutes les patientes hospitalisées en réanimation pour une éclampsie de septembre 2009 à février 2011 ont été colligés de façon rétrospective. Nous avons analysé les paramètres suivants: l'âge, la parité, la gestité, le délai d'admission, le délai de survenue de l'éclampsie par rapport au terme de la grossesse, le nombre de crise convulsive, le mode d'accouchement, le score de Glasgow, la pression artérielle, la protéinurie, les complications et l'évolution.Sur 702 admissions, 158 patientes, d'âge moyen 20 ans ± 4 ont été hospitalisées pour éclampsie (22,5%). Nous avons enregistré 106 dossiers de primigestes (67,1%) et 104 primipares (65,8%). Le délai d'admission après la première crise convulsive était supérieur à 6 heures chez 90 patientes (57%). La première crise convulsive était survenue en antépartum chez 69 patientes, en perpartum chez 4 patientes et en postpartum chez 85 patientes. Quatre vingt treize patientes (59%) avaient présenté des troubles de la conscience à l'admission, 12 patientes ont été mises sous assistance ventilatoire. La voie basse était le mode d'accouchement chez 93 patientes, et la césarienne chez 65 patientes. L'éclampsie était associée à l'insuffisance rénale chez 25 patientes, au HELLP-syndrome chez 15 patientes, à l'accident vasculaire cérébral chez 5 patientes, à l'œdème aigue du poumon chez 3 patientes, aux troubles de la coagulation chez une patiente; et une septicémie était retrouvé chez 6 patientes. La létalité maternelle et périnatale était respectivement de 9,5 % et de 10,8 %.L'éclampsie est une urgence médico — obstétricale fréquente au service de réanimation du CHU du Point G et touche les patientes jeunes primigesteset primipares. La létalité maternelle et périnatalereste élevée, liée au retard de la prise en charge et aux facteurs de gravité associés. Pour renverser cette situation il est nécessaire de sensibiliser les populations pour une consultation précoce mais aussi de mieux préparer les équipes médicales pour une meilleure prise en charge.

The aim of this study was to take stock of the practice of the loco-regional anesthesia (LRA) at the University Hospital Center of Point G from January 2004 to December 2008.This is a retrospective study, assessing the practice of LRA. The demographic data, the surgery, the technical characteristics of the procedure made, the type of local anesthetic used, adverse events were evaluated.The LRA involved 1261 patients - 8.30% of the total number of surgical procedures occurring during the studied period. The American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) classification was used for the evaluation of patients in scheduled surgery. The patients belonged to class 1 (50.40%) and Class 2 (49.60%). The main surgical procedures were: 26.20% surgical prostatic adenomectomy, 23.80% of caesarean section, and the fistulogram test for 19.04%. The LRA techniques performed were: spinal anesthesia, 87.60%, epidural anesthesia, 12%. Three hundred and three adverse events (24%) have been reported, three (1%) of them have resulted in the death of the patient. The incidence of arterial hypotension was 94.40%, and 4.6% for bradycardia. The three heart attacks were fatal (0.024 ‰). Patients operated under spinal anesthesia and patients aged 60 years and older had more adverse events with 20% and 10.38% for p0.05 respectively. Sixty eight failures (5.4%) were observed.The practice of LRA at the University Hospital of Point G is characterized by adverse events and a low number of deaths. Patients operated under spinal anesthesia and patients aged 60 years and older are at greatest risk of adverse events.Etait de faire le point de la pratique de l'ALR au Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) du Point G, de janvier 2004 à décembre 2008.Il s'agissait d'une étude retrospective, évaluant la pratique de l'ALR. Les données démographiques, l'acte chirurgical, les caractéristiques techniques du geste effectué, le type d'anesthésique local utilisé, les événements indésirables ont été évalués.L'ALR avait concerné 1.261 patients, soit 8,30%. La classification de l'American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) était utilisée pour l'évaluation des patients en chirurgie programmé. Les patients étaient de la classe ASA1 (50,40%) et de la classe ASA2 (49,60%). Les principaux actes chirurgicaux étaient: l'adénomectomie 26,20%, la césarienne 23,80% et la fistulorraphie 19,04%. Les techniques d'ALR réalisées étaient: la rachianesthésie, 87,60%, l'anesthésie péridurale, 12%. Trois cents trois événements indésirables soit 24% ont été rapportés, dont trois soit 1% ont entrainé le décès du patient. L'incidence de l'hypotension artérielle a été de 94,40%, la bradycardie de 4,6%. Les trois arrêts cardiaques ont été fatals (0,024‰). Les patients opérés sous rachianesthésie et les patients âgés de 60 ans et plus avaient présenté plus d'événements indésirables avec respectivement 20% et 10,38% pour un p0,05. Soixante huit échecs (soit 5,4%) avaient été constatés.La pratique de l'ALR au CHU du Point G est caractérisée par des événements indésirables et un nombre de décès faible. Les patients opérés sous rachianesthésie et les patients âgés de 60 ans et plus sont les plus exposés aux événements indésirables.

Gauge data from a West African network of 920 stations are used to assess Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite and blended rainfall products for 1998. In this study, mean fields, scattergrams, and latitudinal transects for the months of May‐September and for the 5-month season are presented. Error statistics are also calculated. This study demonstrates that both the TRMM-adjusted Geostationary Observational Environmental Satellite precipitation index (AGPI) and TRMM-merged rainfall products show excellent agreement with gauge data over West Africa on monthly-to-seasonal timescales and 2.5 83 2.58 latitude/longitude space scales. The root-mean-square error of both is on the order of 0.6 mm day 21 at seasonal resolution and 1 mm day21 at monthly resolution. The bias of the AGPI is only 0.2 mm day21, whereas the TRMM-merged product shows no bias over West Africa. Performance at 1.0 83 1.08 latitude/longitude resolution is also excellent at the seasonal scale and good for the monthly scale. A comparison with standard rainfall products that predate TRMM shows that AGPI and the TRMM-merged product perform as well as, or better than, those products. The AGPI shows marked improvement when compared with the GPI, in reducing the bias and in the scatter of the estimates. The TRMM satellite-only products from the precipitation radar and the TRMM Microwave Imager do not perform well over West Africa. Both tend to overestimate gauge measurements.

Gauge data over North Africa are used to provide an assessment of satellite and blended rainfall products for 1988‐94 and for 1998. A comparison is also made with the Global Precipitation Climatology Center (GPCC) gauge dataset. For the 1988‐94 period, mean fields and latitudinal transects for the June‐July‐August season are presented, based on a 515-station gauge dataset, the GPCC gauge data, the Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP) blended data, the infrared-based Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite precipitation index (GPI), and the Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I) microwave estimates. Error calculations are also presented. The mean fields derived from the dense gauge network, the GPCC gauge-only analysis, and the GPCP are remarkably similar. The bias, with reference to the seasonal rainfall field based on the denser network, is about 3%‐4% for either GPCC or GPCP. Agreement is relatively good, even in individual years. The rms error associated with these datasets is 12% for seasonal rainfall totals; thus, the error is largely random. In contrast, there are large systematic errors in the satellite-only analyses of GPI and SSM/I, with biases of 20% and 40% for the mean rain field as a whole and much larger biases in individual years. The rms errors are nearly 2 times as great. For 1998, a 920-station gauge dataset was available for a smaller section of West Africa. The comparison confirmed the superior performance of GPCP and demonstrated the lower level of performance of both GPCP and GPCC at the monthly scale as compared with the seasonal scale. Overall, the results of this study underscore the continued need for extensive gauge networks to describe adequately the large-scale precipitation field over Africa.

An ELISA-assay for the detection and the semi-quantitative determination of taxane diterpenoids structurally related to taxol found in Taxus sp. has been developed. The antiserum was raised in rabbits using a 2'-succinyltaxol-bovine serum albumin conjugate as immunogen. The working range of the assay was from 1 to 100 ng of taxol. In order to improve the production of taxol, preliminary experiments have been performed on crude extracts of several Taxus sp.; the results indicate that the present immunoassay is an useful tool for the rapid screening of species, varieties or individual plants out of a large population as well as for tissue cultures analysis.