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There are several types of skin diseases, to protect and keep them healthy from these ailments; an effective and efficient diagnosis is required. One of the domains used by medical experts to diagnose severe class of skin disease is medical imaging. It is non-invasive way of diagnosis in which screen of the abnormal region performs first and then the dermatologist examines the subcutaneous structure and forecasts the severity of the lesion. One severe class of lesions is skin cancer, which is categorized as melanoma and non-melanoma. Most of the research has been performed on melanoma as yet and non-melanoma cancer diagnosis is still an untouched area. The cure rate of skin cancer is high, when diagnosed at an earlier stage. The proposed approach is applicable to gray scale or single channel images and the resultant output is binary images, and this can be compared easily with the available mask in the benchmark dataset. In addition to this, the APCNN proposal minimizes the requirement of post processing step for lesion boundary detection.

This 21st century is notable for experiencing so many disturbances at economic, social, cultural, and political levels in the entire world. The outbreak of novel corona virus 2019 (COVID-19) has been treated as a Public Health crisis of global Concern by the World Health Organization (WHO). Various outbreak models for COVID-19 are being utilized by researchers throughout the world to get well-versed decisions and impose significant control measures. Amid the standard methods for COVID-19 worldwide epidemic prediction, easy statistical, as well as epidemiological methods have got more consideration by researchers and authorities. One main difficulty in controlling the spreading of COVID-19 is the inadequacy and lack of medical tests for detecting as well as identifying a solution. To solve this problem, a few statistical-based advances are being enhanced and turn into a partial resolution up-to some level. To deal with the challenges of the medical field, a broad range of intelligent based methods, frameworks, and equipment have been recommended by Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning. As ML and DL have the ability of identifying and predicting patterns in complex large datasets, they are recognized as a suitable procedure for producing effective solutions for the diagnosis of COVID-19. In this paper, a perspective research has been conducted in the applicability of intelligent systems such as ML, DL and others in solving COVID-19 related outbreak issues. The main intention behind this study is (i) to understand the importance of intelligent approaches such as ML and DL for COVID-19 pandemic, (ii) discussing the efficiency and impact of these methods in the prognosis of COVID-19, (iii) the growth in the development of type of ML and advanced ML methods for COVID-19 prognosis,(iv) analyzing the impact of data types and the nature of data along with challenges in processing the data for COVID-19,(v) to focus on some future challenges in COVID-19 prognosis to inspire the researchers for innovating and enhancing their knowledge and research on other impacted sectors due to COVID-19.

The accelerated mix modelling approach is a powerful tool for producing high-performance characteristics in young concrete. Since rapid concrete curing accelerates the cement hydration process, the critical portion of the strength is achieved in a fraction of the time it would usually require 28 days under conventional curing conditions. There is no suggestion that Ground Granulated Blast Furnace slag, Silica fume or fly ash was used in the 1980 s . So far, only plain concrete has a connection in the accelerated mix design process. The accelerated curing method was used in this study with a combination of GGBS, fly ash, and silica fume, as well as two different water-binder ratios of 0.3 and 0.4, and by applying 5% silica fume to cement weight, concentrations of GGBS and fly ash as high as 70%, 60% and 50% can be achieved. Normal laboratory size cubes (150 x150 x150mm) were compressed and tested to achieve the goals of this analysis. Compressive strength, impact of GGBS rate and impact of water-concrete proportion were used to improve the consistency of blended concrete with accelerated curing method. This analysis will determine correlations between the boiling water strength and for 28 days, 56 days and 90 days strength of concrete with GGBS, fly ash and Silica fume.

Blended cement containing natural zeolite powder exhibits improved performance & resistance to concrete against aggressive environmental attacks. Concrete structures when exposed to aggressive environments possess several negative impacts due to migration of chloride & sulphate ions, carbonation, acid attack, etc. Due to these, exposures the concrete structure lose their strength gradually, which results in the decreased life span. At present, research work focused on the influence of lower w/b ratios on higher replacement levels of zeolite on the performance of concrete in mechanical & durability aspects. And this study also attempts to generate quantitative data & understand the relationship between lower water-binder ratios 0.30 & 0.40 and higher replacement levels 30%, 40% of zeolite & compressive strength. Mechanical aspects such as compressive strength, split tensile strength, flexural strength tests. Durability aspects like chloride attack through Rapid chloride penetration test (RCPT), Sulphuric acid attack. Magnesium sulphate attack, tests were carried out. Altogether, in the practical point of view test results revealed that concrete incorporating natural zeolite powder gets substantial compressive strength beyond the 28-day period, i.e., strength increases gradually with respect to time. Improvement is noticed at a low water-binder ratio. Increases resistance against chloride, sulphate attacks.

Generally, the life of R.C structure is expected to be 100 years, but today’s structures are failing in 30 years due to corrosion of reinforced steel. One of the major problem to concrete from environmental attack is chloride ingress which leads to corrosion of reinforcement bars further leads to decrease of its strength and service life of structure. The focus of the work is on the chloride ion concentration at different depth in non-steady diffusion. Nine concrete mixes with different percentages of supplementary cementitious materials and water to cementitious ratios of 0.3, 0.4, & 0.5 were casted and compared with convention mixes (without replacing cement). The replacing of cement with different percentages of 30%, 50% & 70% and with 5% silica fume. Strength of concrete tested for 28, 56 & 90 days. Specimens were conducted ponding test for 6 & 12 weeks of 3.5% NaCl solution. Chemical analysis is carried out for predicting chloride concentration in concrete at different depths from surface exposed NaCl specimens.

Masonry workers on construction sites carry out various jobs under constraints and challenges while meeting their targets. These constraints are linked with certain factors that critically affect t...

The consumption of alcohol is a general trend in many persons. But intense drinking will be disruptive and dangerous. The excessive intake of alcohol is allied with a selection of unconstructive consequences that include nonfatal and fatal issues, academic failure, assault, violence and many other consequences that could lead to jeopardizing future prospects. So, the classification prototype approaches with the exploit of sensors for gas detection collectively play an excellent job in the classification and recognition of alcohol chemical compounds and their detrimental effects. Alcohols comprise a vast portion of chemical compounds, as given in “QCM Sensor Dataset” with QCM3, QCM6, QCM7, QCM10, QCM12. The five special types of alcohols: 1-octanol, 1-propanol, 2-butanol, 2-propanol, and 1-isobutanol are classified using quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) sensors with varied structures. The objective of this study is to establish the most affluent classification for the QCM sensor. In this research, Gradient boosting classifier based classification approach is proposed and its performance is compared with other competent methods such as Linear discriminant analysis, Logistic regression, Decision tree. The results are evident that, Gradient boosting is the most successful technique compared to the other classification methods on the all the five sensor data from QCM.

Vehicular communication in intelligent transport system offers data dissemination among vehicles in rapid transmission of road incident log to trusted entities. The adversary attacks having background knowledge are often a side effect due to re-identity and linkage attacks by innocuous public data sharing provisions. The proposed work spotlight on attacks with background knowledge who attempts to extract individual’s data using high end data extraction algorithms by linking with the vehicular trip database. Enhancing location privacy and individual privacy is achievable with k-anonymity perturbation scheme applied on vehicular database, which shows trivial for data leakage attacks, and the proposed algorithm significantly reduces the vehicle uniqueness to zero in achieving the sanitization process of vehicular database to avoid pre-knowledge attacks by intruder of ITS. This approach shows resilience in implementing the privacy preservation with lightweight process implementation and non-polynomial time complexity for DENIM messages. The data distortion caused due to perturbation is analyzed and reported in this work.

The experimental work carries around the impact of investigation of Nano Particle like Nano Alumina (NA) and further more one of the beneficial cementitious (pozzolanic) material in cement to improve the mechanical properties of the concrete. Nano Particle and pozzolanic material is partially replaced by the weight of cementitious material into concrete. The experimental work examine was done on Nano replaced concrete were cured for 28, 56 and 90 days of water for various concrete mixes like M30, M40 and M50 to calibrate the mechanical properties of concrete like compressive strength, flexural strength and split tensile strength of concrete and also Non Destructive tests like UPV and Rebound hammer test on the hardened concrete. The workability and mechanical properties were also studied for the conventional and Nano replaced Concrete. Based on the experimental test results obtained the influence of Nano particle in concrete can be examined in both fresh and hardened state.

In show development area usage of common assets is expanded, this cases to decrease in accessible natural assets. Then again high volume of creation has produced a lot of waste materials which have antagonistic effect on the environment. Natural coarse aggregate is one of the material used in concrete, it causes a shortage in future and causes environmental damage. Several studies have been carried out to reduce the utilization of natural coarse aggregate (NCA) in concrete. There is need to supplementary material like demolished concrete waste aggregate, recycle aggregate, marble and granite aggregates, which are by-products from stone industries. In this experimental work, black marble waste aggregate (BMWA) was used as coarse aggregate at different replacement levels (0%, 50% and 100%) in geopolymer concrete (GPC). The compressive quality of GPC mixes was determined after 28 days of curing and then compared with GPC using natural coarse aggregate.

Different doses of ethanolic fraction of fruits of Terminalia pallida were evaluated for hypoglycemic and antihyperglycemic activity in normal and alloxan diabetic rats. The oral administration of ethanolic extract at a dosage of 0.5 g/kg body weight exhibited a significant antihyperglycemic activity in alloxan diabetic rats, whereas in normal rats no hypoglycemic activity was observed.

Aqueous, ethanolic and hexane fractions of Momordica cymbalaria fruits were prepared and given individually at different doses to different batches of rats (both normal and alloxan diabetic rats) after an overnight fast. The blood glucose levels were measured at 0, 1, 3, 5 and 7 h after the treatment. The aqueous extract of Momordica cymbalaria at a dosage of 0.5 g/kg b.w. is showing maximal blood glucose lowering effect in diabetic rats. The same dosage did not produce any hypoglycemic activity in normal rats. The antihyperglycemic activity of Momordica cymbalaria fruit was compared with the treatment of Glibenclamide, an oral hypoglycemic agent.

Lipid peroxides are thought to be formed by free radicals and may play an important role in the development of atheromatous vascular diseases. The relationship between serum lipids, lipoproteins, lipid peroxides [thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS)] and erythrocyte antioxidant enzymes [catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD)] was investigated in non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients with and without coronary heart disease (CHD), and a comparison was made for all the above parameters with non-diabetic patients with CHD. Lipid peroxide concentrations were significantly increased in both groups of diabetic patients and also in non-diabetic patients with CHD, compared to those in control subjects. Diabetic patients with CHD had higher levels of TBARS compared to those diabetics without CHD. Hyperlipidaemia and abnormal lipoprotein levels were observed in all three groups of patients. Increased total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol were observed in diabetics with CHD compared to those without CHD. Among the erythrocyte antioxidant enzymes, CAT activity was increased, GPx activity was decreased and no change was observed in SOD activity in both groups of diabetic patients and non-diabetic patients with CHD compared to those in controls. A clear correlation was observed between the CAT activity and lipid peroxide concentrations in all the diabetic patients. These observations suggest that there are similar abnormalities in lipid metabolism and erythrocyte antioxidant enzymes in diabetic patients and non-diabetic patients with CHD.

Summary Aqueous, ethanolic and hexane fractions of Syzygium alternifolium seeds were prepared and given different doses of these extracts individually to different batches of rats (both normal and alloxan diabetic rats) after an overnight fast. The blood glucose levels were measured at 0, 1, 3, 5 and 7 hours after the treatment. The aqueous extract of Syzygium alternifolium at a dosage of 0.75 g/kg b.w. is showing maximum blood glucose lowering effect in both normal and alloxan diabetic rats. The ethanol and hexane fractions are also showing hypoglycemic and antihyperglycemic activity, but the effect is significantly less than that of aqueous extract. The antihyperglycemic activity of Syzygium alternifolium seed was compared with the treatment of Glibenclamide.

The effect of administration of different doses of Pterocarpus santalinus L. bark extracts in normal and diabetic rats, on blood glucose levels was evaluated in this study. Among the three fractions (aqueous, ethanol and hexane), ethanolic fraction at the dose of 0.25 g/kg body weight showed maximum antihyperglycemic activity. The same dose did not cause any hypoglycemic activity in normal rats. The results were compared with the diabetic rats treated with glibenclamide and the antihyperglycemic activity of ethanolic extract of PS bark at the dose of 0.25 g/kg b.w. was found to be more effective than that of glibenclamide.

Plasma levels of lipids, lipoproteins and lipid peroxides and erythrocyte Na(+)-K(+) ATPase, Mg(2+)ATPase and antioxidant enzymes were measured in type-2 diabetic patients. A significant decrease in Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase activity was observed in diabetic patients which was negatively correlated with blood glucose and lipid peroxides, while the Mg(2+)-ATPase activity was increased. In the diabetic subjects the plasma concentrations of Na(+) and K(+) were increased where as erythrocyte levels of Na(+) were increased and K(+) were decreased. Hyperlipidaemia and increased levels of lipid peroxides were observed in the diabetic subjects. There was a significant increase in erythrocyte catalase activity in diabetics which positively correlated with their lipid peroxides. There was no change in GPx activities between controls and diabetics.

Serum levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, lipoproteins, lipid peroxides (TBARS) and erythrocyte antioxidant enzyme activities were measured in 105 non insulin dependent diabetic patients, among whom 38 had microvascular complications (MVC) of diabetes. All the diabetic patients had higher concentrations of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1) compared to controls (10.51 +/- 2.42% vs 6.31 +/- 0.85% P0.001). Significant increase of serum triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) and a significant decrease of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were observed in the diabetic patients compared to controls (TG: 2.31 +/- 0.9 mmol/l vs 1.53 +/- 0.48 mmol/l P0. 001; TC: 5.94 +/- 1.4 mmol/l vs 4.3 +/- 0.85 mmol/l P0.001; LDL-C: 3.96 +/- 1.33 mmol/l vs 2.39 +/- 0.8 mmol/l P0.001; VLDL-C: 0.46 +/- 0.2 mmol/l vs 0.3 +/- 0.09 mmol/l P0.001; HDL-C: 0.81 +/- 0.24 mmol/l vs 1.04 +/- 0.18 mmol/l P0.001). Significantly increased levels of serum TBARS were observed in diabetic patients compared to those in controls (TBARS: 6.7 +/- 1.5 mmol/l vs 5.14 +/- 0.61 mmol/l P0.001). Erythrocyte catalase (CAT) activity was increased and Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity was decreased in diabetic patients compared to controls, but no significant change in Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was observed in diabetic patients (CAT: 104.94 +/- 37.1 KU/g Hb vs 85.8 +/- 23.6 KU/g Hb, P0.01; GPx: 30 +/- 9.7 U/g Hb/min vs 40.84 +/- 12.3 U/g Hb/min, P0. 001; SOD: 2.4 +/- 1.2 U/mg Hb/min vs 2.55 +/- 0.84 U/mg Hb/min, P=NS). In comparison with the diabetic group without MVC, the diabetic group with MVC had decreased GPx and SOD activities, while no difference was observed between these two groups regarding CAT activity (GPx: 25.32 +/- 8.4 U/g Hb/min vs 34.5 +/- 8.8 U/g Hb/min, P0.001; SOD: 1.83 +/- 0.53 U/mg Hb/min vs 2.84 +/- 1.4 U/mg Hb/min, P0.001; CAT: 106.3 +/- 39.9 KU/g Hb vs 103 +/- 34.9 KU/g Hb, P =NS). TBARS concentrations were significantly increased in the group with MVC compared to the group without these complications, indicating a positive relationship between TBARS and MVC of diabetes (7.05 +/- 1.23 mmol/l vs 6.3 +/- 1.02 mmol/l, P0.001). Serum triglycerides, LDL and VLDL cholesterol concentration were significantly higher in diabetics with MVC than in diabetics without the complications (TG: 2.7 +/- 0.98 mmol/l vs 2.13 +/- 0.82 mmol/l, P0.01; LDL - C: 4.45 +/- 1.3 mmol/l vs 3.67 +/- 1.3 mmol/l, P0. 02; VLDL-C: 0.53 +/- 0.19 mmol/l vs 0.43 +/- 0.16 mmol/l, P0.01), and the serum levels of TC in the group with MVC showed a positive correlation with their lipid peroxide levels (r =0.368, P0.001). The increase in TBARS and the decreased GPx and SOD activities in diabetics with MVC in this study indicate that these factors may contribute to the occurrence of micro vascular complications in NIDDM patients.

This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of Momordica cymbalaria fruit powder on blood glucose and other biochemical parameters in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. The treatment was given for 15 days. After the treatment, a significant reduction was observed in fasting blood glucose levels in the treated diabetic rats, but no hypoglycaemic activity in the treated normal rats. M. cymbalaria treatment showed considerable lowering of serum cholesterol and triglycerides in the treated diabetic group. There was a significant improvement in hepatic glycogen level in treated diabetic rats close to normal level after the treatment with M. cymbalaria. These results suggest that the M. cymbalaria fruit powder possesses antidiabetic and hypolipidemic effects in alloxan-induced diabetic rats.

Because microsatellite loci are abundant in the human genome and are highly polymorphic in most global populations, such loci have become very popular in studies on reconstructing evolutionary relationships among contemporary human populations. We have made an assessment of the efficiency of recovery of true evolutionary relationships using simulated data of microsatellite loci and a variety of distance measures. We find that allele frequency data on about 30 microsatellite loci and the use ofD A (Neiet al. 1983) orD c (Cavalli-Sforza and Edwards 1967) distance measures with UPGMA clustering algorithm can recover true short-term evolutionary relationships with a high degree of accuracy, unless the effective sizes of the populations or mutation rates or both are very small.

Polymeric admixtures to concrete ingredients modify the properties of the processed concrete. Ductility is one such property modification. This investigation deals with the development of a method of incorporating natural rubber latex into concrete ingredients with only marginal effects on the compressive strength of base plain concrete. This retention of the strength has been effected by reducing the water/cement ratio with the aid of a superplasticizer. The quantity of natural rubber latex is expressed as the dry rubber content by percentage of volume of concrete. The compressive and tensile strengths, as well as post peak ductile behaviour have been the basis for comparison with those of unmodified concrete.

The Gruneisen parameters of some group‐V and group‐VI elements have been calculated from recent data on thermal expansion and compressibility and, theoretically, from the Morse function using a modification of Slater's method. These values agree mutually and with those estimated from the pressure variation of compressibility but differ severely from those estimated from logθ‐logV plots.