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The computation of the nonlinear fractional Burgers–Fisher problem stated in the Caputo sense is the topic of this paper. The model depicts the issue of biological invasion and can be found in a variety of fields, including ecology, physiology, and basic stage transition situations. To produce the time discretization, the suggested methodology employs a one-order correct expression in the first process. To generate the full-discretization in the second level, the spectral collocation method approach that relies on the Legendre basis is presented. The theoretical investigation confirms the temporal discretized formulation’s stability and convergence, which are examined in relation to the associated norm. Three test examples demonstrate the computing capability and efficiency of the approach. We can use the provided approach to resolve more engineering and physics models and can also increase the convergence order of the method.

To tackle global warming, a reliable storage system seems crucial due to unpredictability of renewable energy. As a result, storage units based on Phase Change Material (PCM) are found to be of great worth where latent heat transfer occurring in an almost isothermal condition lay the foundation for far more compact and easy-to-fabricate storage components. Despite their advantageous, one major drawback being weak thermal conductivity needs to be addressed. So, in this study a triplex-tube heat exchanger with tree-like and rectangular fins along with hybrid nanoparticles made of MoS2-TiO2 are put into perspective to dispose of this weakness and Galerkin Finite Element Method (GFEM) is applied using FlexPDE to analyze the solidification process and evaluate the influence of single and combined usage of fins and nanoparticles. Moreover, the credibility of this study and GFEM has been confirmed by an experimental work. The results unveiled that, while the combined usage of nanoparticles and tree-like fins gives the best result by lowering the solidification time by 78% compared to bare tube, tree-like fins claim the best performance taking 1700 s followed by rectangular fins with 3500 s if nanoparticles are out of reach.

In this paper, different arrangements of infinite arrays of nonlinearly loaded antennas are analyzed in the frequency domain by an efficient approximate method and compared with the exact one which are respectively based on the nonlinear current and harmonic balance techniques. In one hand, although the exact method is suitable for strongly nonlinear load, it is suffering from gradient operation and initial guess in the iteration process especially under multi-tone excitations. On the other hand, although the approximate method is very efficient, it is limited to weakly nonlinear loads and low-valued incident waves. Finally, acceptable ranges for application of the approximate method versus different parameters such as nonlinearity effect of the load and the magnitude of incident wave are extracted.

People with beta-thalassemia major are more likely to acquire blood-borne viral infections due to the need for frequent blood transfusions. Of these viruses, hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) are of particular importance. In this study, the prevalence of HBV, HCV and their risk factors in beta-thalassemia major patients in East Azerbaijan province was investigated. The study was descriptive cross-sectional, and 116 beta-thalassemia major patients who received blood in Shahid Ghazi hospital and Children’s hospital in Tabriz city were studied. Data were collected by a questionnaire, and blood samples of patients in terms of serum markers HCV-Ab, HBsAg and HBs-Ab were analyzed by ELISA, and positive HCV-Ab results were confirmed by Real Time-PCR. Then using SPSS software version 22 and with the help of t-tests including Anova T-test, Man-Whitney U test, Independent sample t-test, chi-square and Fisher exact test, Statistical studies were performed. Of the 116 patients studied, no HBsAg positive cases were found. Four patients (3.4%) were positive for HCV-Ab, of which two patients (1.7%) became HCV-RNA positive after Real Time-PCR. There was a significant relationship between HCV-Ab positive and HCV-RNA positive (P = 0.000), blood transfusion intervals (P = 0.043), number of injected blood units (P = 0.001) and duration of blood transfusion (P = 0.006). The prevalence of HCV was lower in patients who started receiving blood after a blood donor screening program. HCV is less prevalent in thalassemia patients in East Azerbaijan province than in some studies in the country and various global statistics. After 1996, the prevalence of HCV in the thalassemia patient population has decreased significantly, and it seems that HCV infections since 1996 have been associated with various factors such as people’s jobs, position, behaviour in society, etc.

The aim of this study is to evaluate the antimicrobial resistance patterns and molecular frequency of blaGES-2 and blaoxa-48 genes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii strains isolated from burn wound infection in Tehran, Iran. In this study, 50 isolates of A. baumannii and 48 isolates of P. aeruginosa were collected from the Burn Unit of Shahid Motahari Hospital at Tehran, Iran. Antibiotic susceptibility tests of all isolates were carried out using the disc diffusion method, and the production of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) in isolates was surveyed by the double disc synergy method and based on CLSI (2019 AST M100) criteria. Finally, the frequency of blaGES-2 and blaoxa-48 genes was surveyed by PCR. Antibiotic susceptibility tests showed that 48/48 (100%) of P. aeruginosa isolates and 49/50 (98%) of A. baumannii isolates were resistant to ceftriaxone and cefotaxime, respectively. Ceftazidime exhibited the lowest (26/48; 54.1%) resistance rates against P. aeruginosa isolates. The production of ESBLs was seen in 8/48 (16.6%) and 3/50 (6%) of P. aeruginosa and A. baumannii isolates, respectively. On the basis of conventional PCR and sequencing, the frequencies of the blaGES-2 gene among P. aeruginosa and A. baumannii was 87.5% and 58%, respectively. Moreover, blaoxa-48 gene was detected in 70.83% and 92% of P. aeruginosa and A. baumannii isolates, respectively. Results suggest that antibiotic-resistant A. baumannii and P. aeruginosa strains isolated from burn patients are frequently found; therefore, it is absolutely necessary to implement continuous screening and follow-up programmes for detecting antimicrobial resistance.

In this study, the performance of slot in the spur dike was evaluated as a way to reduce the scouring around the installed flat spur dike in a 180 degree bend and the development of scouring in the slotted spur dike was compared with that of the spur dike with no slot. To evaluate the effect of the slot on the development of scouring around it, a flat spur dike made of Plax Glass was installed in a position of 70 degrees from a bend (180 degrees) in the flume bed. After determining the maximum of scouring depth at the tip, to reduce the scouring around the spur dike, two slots with the determined height were placed in 4 different positions in the spur dike. Experiments with 4 different discharges and constant flow depth in clear water conditions were conducted. The results of the experiments showed that the created the slot reduced the scouring depth toward the spur dike. In both slots, the minimum of scouring depth was seen in a model with the closest position of the slot toward tip, and its maximum was seen in a model with the farthest position from the slot.

In this paper, mixed convection on MHD flow of casson nanofluid over a non-linearly permeable stretching sheet has been investigated and analyzed numerically. The effects of thermal radiation, chemical reaction, heat generation/absorption, viscous dissipation, suction and Joule heating are considered. The Brownian motion and thermophoresis phenomenon are used to model nanoparticles (Buongiorno's model). After converting PDEs governing the problem to ODEs, they have been solved by Runge-Kutta Fehlberg fourth-fifth order method. Obtained results of investigating the effects of different parameters changes on velocity, temperature, and concentration profiles are reported as diagrams. Fluid flow velocity reduction by increase in Hartman number (magnetic field parameter) is due to existence of Lorentz drag force against flow, flow velocity reduction due to increase in casson fluid parameter, increase in temperature profile due to increase in radiation parameter, and nanoparticle concentration profile reduction due to increase in chemical reaction parameter are some of valuable obtained results. Also, in final section of this paper effects of different parameters on skin friction coefficient, local Nusselt and Sherwood numbers are investigated that positive and ascending behavior for all three are reported. Keywords: Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD), Casson nanofluid, Buongiorno's model, Thermal radiation, Chemical reaction, Heat generation/absorption, Suction, Joule heating effect

Introduction: Rose Aphid, Macrosiphum rosae L. is one of the most important pests of rose which reducing the quality and quantity of products by attacking and hurting the leaves and branches. Aphids damage plants by sucking sap from plant tissues using highly specialized sucking mouth parts. The usual symptoms of damage are distortion of new leaves and flowers. Aphids damage plants by sucking sap from plant tissues using highly specialized sucking mouth parts. The usual symptoms of damage are distortion of new leaves and flowers. Neonicotinoids insecticides imidacloprid and Acetamiprid is, Which has the effect of sucking insects. The discovery of neonicotinoids as important novel insecticides has represented a milestone in insecticide research over the past three decades. The neonicotinoids represent the fastest-growing class of insecticides introduced to the market since the commercialization of pyrethroids. Diazinon is an organophoshates pesticides to combat pests such as aphids. Pirimicarb of group carbamate insecticides are effective against aphids are active on fruit trees and ornamental plants. Comparison of several insecticides and pesticides and recommend appropriate levels, to combat and prevent outbreaks of pests, can be of great help in pest control product is the increase in market. Materials and Methods: In this study, different concentrations of Acetamiprid and Imidacloprid with Pirimicarb and Diazinon on rose aphid mortality was compared to find the condition of mortality of Macrosiphum rosae as per field conditions in a randomized complete block design during 2011-2012. Each compound was used in 3 different concentration (recommended, higher and lower) including Imidacloprid (200, 600, 400 PPM), Acetamiprid (250, 500 , 125 PPM), Primicarb (250, 500 , 125 PPM) and Diazinon (500, 1000 , 250 PPM) and effects checked on aerial organs and compared by sampling of population aphids on the period of "before , 3,5,7 and 14 days after" spraying.. Results and Discussion: results showed that the average mortality of aphids in three days after spraying, There is a significant difference between treatments and blocks, And the average aphid mortality at 5, 7 and 14 days after spraying, only the treatments, showed a significant difference. Recommended concentrations and higher imidacloprid and diazinon were in a group. The results showed that on the third day of treatment, Diazinon (500ppm) 73/46%, Imidacloprid (400 ppm) 88/77%, Acetamiprid (250ppm) 73/95% and primicarb (400ppm) with 72/8% had the greatest impact on aphid mortality, respectively. As per result the effects of Insecticide reduced to 14th day. Therefore, because of good performance of the neonicotinoid compounds, it can be effective in rose aphid control. The results indicated the suitability of the recommended concentration is well above the concentration, so no need to use higher concentrations. Low concentrations the recommended concentration decreases gradually as the impact on the fourteenth day and have minimal impact on mortality is low for crop growers. This group had different mode of action as compared to the previous insecticides. Imidacloprid was the first member of this family and was effective against many insects showing resistance to carbamates, organophoshates and pyrethroids. Acetamiprid belongs to the second generation of the nicotinoids. The present study demonstrated rose aphid population with neonicotinoid insecticides was significantly different neonicotinic insecticides (imidacloprid and acetamiprid) had the most effective on number of M. rosae. But the introduction of neonicotinoids in the form of imidacloprid and acetamiprid proved an immediate relief for crop growers. This group had different mode of action as compared to the previous insecticides. Neonicotinoid insecticides, such as imidacloprid, acetamiprid are commonly used against a wide range of herbivorous insect pests such as aphids, mealy bugs and whiteflies in greenhouses or farms. So, parasitoids and predators are exposed to these chemicals. Conclusion: Due to the losses caused by the toxins and the yield obtained in this study, recommended concentrations of insecticides neonicotinoid are best treatment to combat aphids onroses. The use of high aphid densities Imidacloprid and Acetamiprid in areas where spraying is needed more than once is recomended. our results showed that best effect belongs to recommended dose of Neonicotinoids compounds same as recommended dose for phosphates and carbamate compounds to control the Rose aphid.

In this paper, conjugate heat transfer of magneto hydrodynamic mixed convection of nanofluid about a vertical slender hollow cylinder embedded in a porous medium with high porosity have been numerically studied. The Forchheimer’s modification of Darcy’s law was used in representing the nanofluid motion inside the porous media. The governing boundary layer equations were transformed to non-dimensional differential equations by taking suitable similarity variables and solved numerically using differential quadrature method (DQM). The interfacial (solid-liquid) temperature distribution and the variations of velocity and temperature within boundary layer for different values of governing parameter in presence of uniform magnetic field have been presented and discussed. Our results demonstrate that heat transfer rate can enhance using nanofluid as well as porous medium, while magnetic field has no remarkable effect on the parameter. The computed results were also compared with those available in the existing literature and a good agreement was observed.

Background & aim: Currently, with increasing resistance to synthetic drugs, the demand for natural and safe alternatives to these types of medications has increased. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to determine and evaluate the antibacterial effects ethanolic extracts of Ziziphus jujuba, Medicago sativa, Reum ribes and Hyssopus officinalis on some standard gram-positive and negative bacteria in vitro. Methods: The present experimental study was conducted in 2019 in the microbiology laboratory of Islamic Azad University, Ahar Branch, Iran. Plants were identified by botanists after being collected from natural habitats. Extraction was performed by Soxhlet extractor and the antimicrobial effects of the extracts were determined by agar well diffusion and determination of Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) on standard bacteria in vitro. The collected data were analyzed using analysis of variance and Chi-square. Results: Z. jujuba and M. sativa plant extracts were effective on gram-negative bacteria and extracts of R. ribes and H. officinalis plants were effective on gram-positive bacteria, which with increasing the concentration of extracts. The antibacterial property extracts were dode dependent. MBC / MIC results indicated that Z. jujuba and M. sativa plant extracts were most susceptible to P. aeruginosa and E. coli and R. ribes and H. officinalis extracts were most susceptible to S. aureus and B. cereus. Conclusion: Z. jujuba, M. sativa, R. ribes and H. officinalis plants had significant antibacterial effects, but to introduce these plants as antibacterial drugs requires more complete and comprehensive in vivo studies.

This study aimed to investigate the fungal species isolation and confirmation by the Multiplex PCR method in aquatic fish. Evaluation of the inhibitory effect of nano-essential oils of Carum copticum on isolated fungal species was also conducted in this study. The PCR results showed that 3 out of 5 samples were diagnosed with Fusarium solani, and two of them were positive for Saprolegnia. Moreover, in 0.1% of the females' nanoparticles, one peak appeared that showed a particle with an average diameter of 360 nm, and two nanoparticles showed a peak with a mean diameter of 242 nm. The results of minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentrations (MFC) showed that 0.01% nano essential oil had 0.08 and 0.07 mg/ml MIC values against Fusarium solani and Saprolegnia, respectively. Gram/ml was on the growth of Fusarium solani species. The essential oils of female plants had an MIC of 0.07 in 0.1% essential oil and 0.03 mg/ml in 0.01% essential oil in Saprolegnia. Furthermore, in the case of 0.1% nano essential oil, the results showed the MIC values of 0.04 and 0.03 mg/ml against Fusarium solani and Saprolegnia, respectively. The MFC values of 0.1% nano essential oil were 0.1 and 0.07 mg/ml against Fusarium solani and Saprolegnia,respectively. It was not found on Fusarium and Saprolegnia. Overall, the results of this study using PCR for direct detection showed that 70% and 50% of the samples were Fusarium solani and Saprolegnia positive, respectively; therefore, the PCR was an efficient method for the detection of fungi. According to the results of nano-essential oil (0.1%) of females, this nano-essence had a strong inhibitory effect on Fusarium solani and Saprolegnia.

The aim of present study was to evaluate the liver injury as a complication of diabetes mellitus and to assess the hepatoprotective properties of Green tea extract in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. For this purpose, 40 male Wistar rats were randomly separated into four groups, each containing 10 animals: Group 1, healthy control rats; Group 2, normal rats treated with Green tea extract (1.5%, w/v) was given in drinking water; Group 3, diabetic rats and Group 4, diabetic rats treated with Green tea extract (1.5%, w/v) in drinking water. The extract was injected in intraperitoneal route for a period of 8 weeks. Control groups received normal saline in similar manner. Diabetes was induced by single injection of STZ (75 mg/kg i.p.). At the end of experiment, serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), albumin and bilirubin were measured. For histopathological evaluation, tissue specimens were fixed in 10% buffered formalin and 5 micron thick sections with H&E stain were prepared using routine hitopathological techniques. In diabetic rats, serum levels of functional liver markers were found to be significantly increased in comparison with control group (p

Background: Due to sedation, anticonvulsant and anti-pain effects, Nardostachys jatamansi has had a special place in traditional medicine of China, India and Iran. Regarding Alkaloid, Organic acid esters, valeric acid and isovalerates this plant has always been used to reduce nervous pressure and the treatment depression and chronic insomnia. Objective: Considering the importance of sedative and anxiolytic effects of this plantchr('39')s we decided to have a comparative study of this plant with chemical drugs. Methods: In this study, first, the rhizome of N. jatamansi was extracted by hydromethanolic (70%) solvent and then, the presence of valporoates, in total extract was revealed by GC-MS analysis of its n-Hexane fraction. For studying the effectiveness of sedative and anxiolytic of N. jatamansi in compraison with diazepam different groups of female wistar rats received N. jatamansi (100, 200, 400 mg/kg, ip), diazepam (1.2 mg/kg, ip), di-metyl solphoxid (DMSO) with equal volume, and 15 min after assessing the relif/sleep inducing effect (induced sleep duration by ketamine, 40 mg/kg, ip) and anxiolytic effects (using Elevated plus were done). Results: The GC-MS analysis of the n-hexan fraction of extract led to identification and quantification of fifteen compounds, the main components were a - Aristolen-1-alpha-ol (31.1%), valerenal (31%) and valerenic acid (26.5%). Pharmacological results showed that herbal extract of N. jatamansi with the maximum inhibition was observed at the does of 200 mg/kg of sedative and anxiolytic effect. Conclusion: Obtained resultes indicated that extract of N. jatamansi gives sedative and anxiolytic effects.

Background: Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a connective tissue disorder characterized by skeletal deformities, bone fragility, and spinal complications. Various studies' insights underscored the impact of scoliosis on pulmonary function, positive outcomes with spinal fusion, and improved functional abilities post-surgery. However, partial loss of correction remains inevitable., Methods: This study examines six surgically treated OI patients with scoliosis. Surgical intervention using a posterior approach with pedicle screws and hooks aimed to correct spinal deformities. Preoperative, postoperative, and follow-up radiological assessments were conducted, revealing significant reductions in scoliotic angles post-surgery., Results: Complications included infections and proximal junctional kyphosis requiring revision surgeries. Despite the challenges posed by poor bone quality and implant stability, no implant failures occurred in this series. Ponte osteotomies at the apex of deformity aided in corrective maneuvers., Conclusion: Surgical treatment of scoliosis in patients affected by OI is challenging and may be associated with perioperative and postoperative complications. Ponte osteotomy may improve the correction and reduce necessary force at the time of correction., Competing Interests: Declarations. Conflict of interest: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest. Ethical approval: All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli.)

Wound infections, marked by the proliferation of microorganisms at surgical sites, necessitate the development of innovative wound dressings with potent bactericidal properties to curb microbial growth and prevent bacterial infiltration. This study explores the recent strides in utilizing ionic liquid-based polymers as highly promising antimicrobial agents for advanced wound healing applications. Specifically, cationic polymers containing quaternary ammonium, imidazolium, guanidinium, pyridinium, triazolium, or phosphonium groups have emerged as exceptionally effective antimicrobial compounds. Their mechanism of action involves disrupting bacterial membranes, thereby preventing the development of resistance and minimizing toxicity to mammalian cells. This comprehensive review not only elucidates the intricate dynamics of the skin's immune response and the various stages of wound healing but also delves into the synthesis methodologies of ionic liquid-based polymers. By spotlighting the practical applications of antimicrobial wound dressings, particularly those incorporating ionic liquid-based materials, this review aims to lay the groundwork for future research endeavors in this burgeoning field. Through a nuanced examination of these advancements, this article seeks to contribute to the ongoing progress in developing cutting-edge wound healing platforms that can effectively address the challenges posed by microbial infections in surgical wounds.

Purpose: To investigate the healing process of conjunctival autografts (CAG) following pterygium surgery using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA)., Methods: Twenty-one eyes of 21 patients diagnosed with pterygium underwent pterygium excision with CAG without using Mitomycin-C. Over a 12-week follow-up period, changes in vascular density (VD), vascular density index (VDI), and vascular length density (VLD) were assessed at two distinct depths: superficial (<200 μm) and deep (>200 μm) using OCTA. Additionally, the revascularization rate and pattern were evaluated., Results: During the first week, the CAG was edematous and no sign of neovascularization was observed. In 4th week edema decreased and early signs of vascular formation appeared. In the 12th week, the deep vasculature demonstrated a greater density of interconnectivity compared to the superficial layers. VD and VLD significantly increased during the follow-up period (P < 0.05). The CAG blood flow signals exhibited a chaotic pattern, deviating from the expected centrifugal vascular pattern in the surrounding normal conjunctiva., Conclusion: OCTA imaging emerges as a reliable tool for the assessment of CAG vascularization, improving the monitoring of the healing process in the postoperative period. The evaluation of CAG revascularization patterns appears to be promising biomarkers that can predict the potential future recurrence., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest All authors certify that they have no affiliation with or involvement in any organization or entity with any financial interest or non-financial interest in the subject matter or materials discussed in this manuscript., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Introduction: Laser therapy employs a concentrated and slender light beam to eliminate or eradicate cancerous cells and pre-cancerous abnormalities. The specific wavelength of 808 nm light is preferentially absorbed by tumor cells compared to healthy cells. This study aimed to assess the combined therapeutic impact of laser and gold, given that gold exhibits photothermal properties when exposed to laser radiation. Methods: In this in vitro study, two cell lines, namely healthy HuGu cells (human gingival fibroblast cells) and head and neck cancer cells (HN-5), were obtained from the Pasteur Institute. The effect of the laser diode with a density of 3 J/cm 2 and wavelength of 808 nm on the proliferation and the survival rate of oral squamous cell carcinoma (HN-5) and human gingival fibroblast (HUGU) was assessed in 60seconds. MTT assay, DAPI test, and trypan blue staining were used to determine the growth and proliferation of HN-5 and HUGU cell lines. Results: Findings showed that the laser diode along with gold decreased the rate of proliferation and survival cells in HN-5 compared to healthy cells. The changes in the cell population treated with gold and laser diode 808 were insignificant. Conclusion: Findings reveal that using a low-power laser can effectively inhibit the growth of oral cancer cells. It seems that photothermal therapy is a novel approach to oral cancer therapy., Competing Interests: The authors have no conflict of interest to declare., (Copyright © 2024 J Lasers Med Sci.)

Background and Objective: The accurate diagnosis of temporomandibular disorders continues to be a challenge, despite the existence of internationally agreed-upon diagnostic criteria. The purpose of this study is to review applications of deep learning models in the diagnosis of temporomandibular joint arthropathies., Materials and Methods: An electronic search was conducted on PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Google Scholar, IEEE, arXiv, and medRxiv up to June 2023. Studies that reported the efficacy (outcome) of prediction, object detection or classification of TMJ arthropathies by deep learning models (intervention) of human joint-based or arthrogenous TMDs (population) in comparison to reference standard (comparison) were included. To evaluate the risk of bias, included studies were critically analysed using the quality assessment of diagnostic accuracy studies (QUADAS-2). Diagnostic odds ratios (DOR) were calculated. Forrest plot and funnel plot were created using STATA 17 and MetaDiSc., Results: Full text review was performed on 46 out of the 1056 identified studies and 21 studies met the eligibility criteria and were included in the systematic review. Four studies were graded as having a low risk of bias for all domains of QUADAS-2. The accuracy of all included studies ranged from 74% to 100%. Sensitivity ranged from 54% to 100%, specificity: 85%-100%, Dice coefficient: 85%-98%, and AUC: 77%-99%. The datasets were then pooled based on the sensitivity, specificity, and dataset size of seven studies that qualified for meta-analysis. The pooled sensitivity was 95% (85%-99%), specificity: 92% (86%-96%), and AUC: 97% (96%-98%). DORs were 232 (74-729). According to Deek's funnel plot and statistical evaluation (p =.49), publication bias was not present., Conclusion: Deep learning models can detect TMJ arthropathies high sensitivity and specificity. Clinicians, and especially those not specialized in orofacial pain, may benefit from this methodology for assessing TMD as it facilitates a rigorous and evidence-based framework, objective measurements, and advanced analysis techniques, ultimately enhancing diagnostic accuracy., (© 2024 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) improves patients' Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) compared to before surgery. However, based on our knowledge, the improvement in HRQoL after TKA, which depends on various factors, has yet to be investigated compared to healthy people. This study aimed to evaluate the HRQoL of patients compared to healthy people and the factors affecting the HRQoL after TKA. In this matched case-control study (1002 participants), HRQoL in 501 patients who underwent TKA between 2015 and 2022 at Shafa Yahyainan Hospital affiliated with Iran University of Medical Sciences were compared with 501 healthy controls. HRQoL was evaluated in two parts (before compared to 12 months after TKA and 12 months after TKA compared to the healthy population). The 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36) was used to evaluate HRQoL 12 months after surgery. The influencing factors on HRQoL were evaluated by multivariate logistic regression analysis. No significant difference was observed in the demographic characteristics of the participants in the two groups. The mean overall SF-36 score, 12 months after surgery, significantly improved compared to before surgery (64.21 ± 22.2 vs. 37.55 ± 15.13, p:0.001). The mean total score of SF-36 was statistically similar between the case and control groups (64.21 ± 22.2 VS 72.53 ± 25.3). The multivariate analysis showed that sex, BMI, number of comorbidities, postoperative compliance, and complications were significantly related to the decrease in patients' HRQoL (P < 0.001).TKA can improve the HRQoL except for two subscales of happiness/vitality and physical performance, similar to the healthy population. Female gender, obesity and overweight, comorbidity, bilateral TKA, non-adherence to postoperative physiotherapy, and complications were associated with decreased HRQoL., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Background and Objective: Exposure to noise by generation of free radicals causes oxidative stress in body. The aim of this study was the evaluation of oxidative stress in workers who have used hearing protection devices during working time., Material and Method: Pressing workers (n=24) of a home appliance industry were studied using hearing protection devices to reduce noise exposure. Twenty two office staff (without exposure to noise) were considered as a control group. Two groups were matched for age, work experience and smoking. Exposure to noise was measured by dosimeter method at workstations. By obtaining 3 ml blood sample, Malondialdehyde levels, Thiol groups and total antioxidant capacity were evaluated in all subjects., Results: Exposure to sound pressure level in pressing workers by considering the noise reduction factor of the earplug was observed in 77.65 dB with minimum 75.1 dB and Maximum 81.22 dB. Plasma thiol groups (0.076 (0.041-0.119) vs (0.110 (0.076-0.197), mmol/l P =0.0001) and total antioxidant capacity (361.33± 54.65 vs 414.14± 96.82, µmol/ml P = 0.026) in pressing workers significantly decreased than control group. Pearson correlation showed significant results between exposure to noise and oxidative stress parameters., Conclusion: Exposure to noise wave cause oxidative stress in different site of body. Oxidative stress is an intermediate way for different disease due to noise exposure. Reducing of noise exposure by earplug in pressing workers is not efficient protection for oxidative stress generation. Therefore, hearing protection devices are not a barrier to the harmful effects of noise in occupational exposure.

Background: Toxoplasma gondii is a pathogenic parasite with worldwide distribution. We investigated curcumin and chitosan in combination on the viability of T. gondii tachyzoites in silico, in vitro and in vivo., Methods: A 3D model was employed in Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran in 2021 to study the interaction between curcumin and dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR). Ramachandran root-mean-square deviation and VERIFY3D validated the model. Cytotoxicity of curcumin and chitosan was evaluated by MTT viability assay. BALB/c mice infected with 104 Toxoplasma organisms were treated with curcumin, chitosan, and the combination of curcumin+chitosan. Serum levels of inducible NO synthetase (iNOs), interferon gamma (IFN-γ), interleukin (IL)-5, glutamate oxaloacetic transaminases(SGOT), and glutamic pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) were determined., Result: Curcumin-DHFR and curcumin-DHPS (dihydropteroate synthase) interactions and calculated enzyme energy indicated an excellent affinity for curcumin with DHFR, but not DHPS. MTT results of concurrent treatments demonstrated IC 50 rates of 0.1, 0.05, and 0.01 mg/ml at 24, 48, and 72h, respectively. IFN-γ, IL-5 and iNOs levels in curcumin+chitosan treated mice were 1.71, 0.51, and 1.51 IU/L, while those of SGOT and SGPT were 76 and 84 IU/L, respectively., Conclusion: The combination of curcumin and chitosan increased survival time of infected mice by seven days. Curcumin and chitosan in combination regulated the immune system and reduced liver damage, potentially forming the basis of a new treatment for toxoplasmosis., Competing Interests: Conflict of Interest The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests., (© 2024 Rezgi et al. Published by Tehran University of Medical Sciences.)

Study Design: Observational study., Purpose: Investigation of factors related to proximal junctional kyphosis (PJK) and device failure in patients with early-onset scoliosis., Overview of Literature: The use of growth-friendly devices, such as traditional dual growing rod (TDGR) for the treatment of earlyonset scoliosis (EOS), may be associated with important complications, including PJK and device failure., Methods: Thirty-five patients with EOS and treated with TDGR from 2014 to 2021 with a minimum follow-up of 2 years were retrospectively evaluated. Potential risk factors, including demographic factors, disease etiology, radiological measurements, and surgical characteristics, were assessed., Results: PJK was observed in 19 patients (54.3%), and seven patients (20%) had device failure. PJK was significantly associated with global final kyphosis change (p=0.012). No significant correlation was found between the rod angle contour, type of implant, connector design, and the risk of PJK or device failure., Conclusions: Treatment of EOS with TDGR is associated with high rates of complications, particularly PJK and device failure. The device type may not correlate with the risk of PJK and device failure. The progression of thoracic kyphosis during multiple distractions is an important risk factor for PJK.

Objectives: The response of the host to plaque can be affected by systemic diseases like diabetes, hormonal changes, or immunological deficits, which can hasten the progression and severity of periodontitis. This study aimed to compare the activity of salivary matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) in patients with moderate to severe generalized chronic generalized periodontitis between healthy individuals and those with type 2 diabetes who were referred to the Tabriz School of Dentistry., Materials and Methods: For this cross-sectional study, 90 patients were randomly divided into three groups based on inclusion and exclusion criteria: patients with chronic generalized periodontitis with diabetes, patients with generalized chronic periodontal disease with normal blood glucose, and a control group of 30 healthy individuals. Participants were instructed not to brush their teeth for 12 h and not to eat or drink for 90 min before saliva sampling. Saliva samples were immediately stored at -80°C and analyzed using an ELISA test., Results: The results showed that there was a significant difference in salivary MMP-8 levels among the three groups. Patients with periodontitis and diabetes had the highest levels of salivary MMP-8, while the control group had the lowest levels. This indicates that chronic generalized periodontitis is strongly associated with the activity level of salivary MMP-8, and elevated levels of MMP-8 in diabetic patients demonstrate the impact of diabetes on periodontal disease., Conclusion: This study highlights the importance of monitoring salivary MMP-8 levels in patients with periodontitis, especially those with diabetes. It also emphasizes the need for proper management of systemic diseases to prevent or slow down the progression of periodontal disease., (© 2024 The Authors. Clinical and Experimental Dental Research published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Competing Interests: Conflicts of Interest: Pakdel F, None; Asadigandomani H, None; Arab Bafrani M, None; Nozarian Z, None; Abedinifar Z, None; Pirmarzdashti N, None; Jafari B, None; Siami Z, None.

Background: To evaluate the classification performance of machine learning based on the 4 vessel density features of peripapillary optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) for classifying healthy, nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION), and optic neuritis (ON) eyes., Methods: Forty-five eyes of 45 NAION patients, 32 eyes of 32 ON patients, and 76 eyes of 76 healthy individuals with optic nerve head OCT-A were included. Four vessel density features of OCT-A images were developed using a threshold-based segmentation method and were integrated in 3 models of machine learning classifiers. Classification performances of support vector machine (SVM), random forest, and Gaussian Naive Bayes (GNB) models were evaluated with the area under the receiver-operating-characteristic curve (AUC) and accuracy., Results: We divided 121 images into a 70% training set and 30% test set. For ON-NAION classification, best results were achieved with 50% threshold, in which 3 classifiers (SVM, RF, and GNB) discriminated ON from NAION with an AUC of 1 and accuracy of 1. For ON-Normal classification, with 100% threshold, SVM and RF classifiers were able to discriminate normal from ON with AUCs of 1 and accuracies of 1. For NAION-normal classification, with 50% threshold, the SVM and RF classified the NAION from normal with AUC and accuracy of 1., Conclusions: ML based on the combined peripapillary vessel density features of total vessels and capillaries in the whole image and ring image could provide excellent performance for NAION and ON distinction., Competing Interests: The authors report no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2023 by North American Neuro-Ophthalmology Society.)

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurological condition that may lead to dementia as well as a slow and steady decline in cognitive ability. Finding early signs that may be used in the diagnosis of AD is still a difficult aim to achieve in the field of medical practice., Methods and Results: The purpose of this research was to investigate to determine any differences in the gene expression patterns of crystallin mu (CRYM) and sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin 10 (SIGLEC10) in whole blood samples obtained from fifty individuals who were diagnosed with AD and fifty individuals as a control group. When compared with controls, it was discovered that the expression of the CRYM gene was substantially decreased in AD patients, but the expression of the SIGLEC10 gene was significantly higher. A positive correlation between CRYM and SIGLEC10 was noticed solely in patients with AD. Furthermore, assessing the diagnostic value of these genes, CRYM and SIGLEC10 transcript levels displayed an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.74 and 0.81, respectively., Conclusions: These results suggest that alterations in CRYM and SIGLEC10 expression may be implicated in AD pathology and that these genes expression levels can potentially serve as biomarkers for early detection and diagnosis of AD. Nevertheless, further validation of these findings requires the inclusion of more extensive and heterogeneous cohorts. The findings derived from this study possess the capability to offer a significant contribution towards the progression of innovative diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for AD., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.)