Search

A study of prompt neutrino events from 400 GeV protons on a beam-dump is presented. The ratio of electron- to muon-neutrino rates is 0.86±0.14, in agreement withe−μ universality. The anti-neutrino to neutrino flux ratio is $$\bar v_\mu /v_\mu = 0.81 \pm 0.19$$ . The absolute rates and distributions observed are shown to be in quantitative agreement with the known properties of charmedquark production in hadron collisions.

A high-statistics measurement of the differential cross-sections for neutrino-iron scattering in the wide-band neutrino beam at the CERN SPS is presented. Nucleon structure functions are extracted and theirQ 2 evolution is compared with the predictions of quantum chromodynamics.

Neutrino and antineutrino total charged current cross sections on iron were measured in the 100, 160, and 200 GeV narrow band beams at the CERN SPS in the energy range 10 to 200 GeV. Assuming σ/E to be constant, the values corrected for non-isoscalarity are σv/E = (0.686 ± 0.019) * 10−38 cm2/ (GeV · nucleon) and σv/E = (0.339 ± 0.010) * 10−38 cm2/ (GeV·nucleon). Between 50 and 150 GeV no energy dependence of σ/E was observed within ±3% for neutrino and ±4% for antineutrino interactions.

We have searched for ν μ oscillations by comparing the rates of ν gm charged-current interactions in two detectors located 130 and 885 m from the target, which was struck by a 9.2 GeV/ c proton beam from the CERN Proton Synchroton. No evidence for ν μ oscillations was found. At the 90% confidence level, Δm 2 values between 0.26 and 90 eV 2 are excluded for maximal mixing. The most restrictive limit on the neutrino mixing-angle parameter sin 2 2 θ is 0.053 at Δm 2 =2.5 eV 2 .

From exposures of the CDHS detector at the CERN SPS we have obtained 367μ + μ − events in neutrino beams and 73μ + μ + events in an antineutrino beam. The magnitude of a prompt like-sign signal has been controversial in the past and moreover could not be explained by known production mechanisms. A critical discussion of the experimental situation is given. We have tried to reduce the systematic uncertainties of previous experiments and to get more information on the dependence of the signal with energy and the muon momentum cut-off. This experiment yields a signal of 2.8σ (2.4σ) of prompt like-sign dimuon events in the case of neutrinos (antineutrinos). The rate to charged current events is of the order of 10−4 forp μ 100 GeV. The prompt signal has all the properties expected from the production and decay of charm-anticharm events. The magnitude, however, is substantially higher then the prediction of perturbative QCD but lower than some other experiments.

The ratio R-italic/sub ..nu../ of the neutral- to charged-current cross sections of neutrinos in iron has been measured in an exposure of the CERN-Dortmund-Heidelberg-Saclay neutrino detector to a 160-GeV/c-italic neutrino narrow-band beam at the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron. The result is R-italic/sub ..nu../ = 0.3072 +- 0.0025(stat) +- 0.0020(syst), for hadronic energy greater than 10 GeV. The electroweak mixing parameter is sin/sup 2/theta/sub W/ = 0.225 +- 0.005(expt ) +- 0.003(theor)+0.013(m-italic/sub c-italic/-1. 5 GeV/c-italic/sup 2/), where m-italic/sub c-italic/ is the charm-quark mass.

Data on the products obtained on polymerizing styrene in the presence of various methyl esters of fatty acid have been presented. These data show that no copolymerization between the esters and styrene occurs and that homogeneity of some of the reaction products cannot be considered as proof for interpolymerization.

Anthraquinone and its derivatives have been found to be effective catalysts for the isomerization of drying and semi-drying oils to conjugated forms. A possible mechanism to account for the catalytic activity of these materials has been proposed. Possible commerical application of the isomerization of oils with anthraquinone was briefly discussed.

Synthetic oils have been prepared from residual dimerized fat acids with soybean and linseed fat acids by esterification with polyalcohols, and with or without maleic anhydride or phthalic anhydride. Preliminary evaluation indicates that these oils give films which dry faster and are more resistant to water and alkali than linseed oil films. This enhancement of water and alkali resistance may result from an increase in C-C bonds present in the films. Ester gum varnishes made from these oils were not markedly superior to similar varnishes made from linseed oil.

A process for dehydrating castor oil continuously has been presented. The method consists essentially of exposing the oil in a thin film under the vacuum to temperatures between 310° and 350°C. for short periods of time in the presence of a dilute sulfuric acid catalyst. The relationship between various operational conditions and the physical constants of the oil produced has been determined. In addition, the oils were compared with several representative commercial oils.

The preparation and properties of various polyamides, copolyamides, and modified polyamides, of polymeric fat acids have been described. These polymers are of interest because of their unusual properties and because of the unsaturation and relatively high molecular weight of the polybasic acids involved. Despite the presence of tribasic acids in polymeric fat acids, ungelled polymers having molecular weights of 3,000 to 5,000 are obtainable. A brief discussion has been given concerning the application of theoretical principles of polymerization to the preparation of these polymers. Possible industrial uses for the polyamides are indicated.

A new protective coating material, Norelac, the ethylene diamine polyamide of polymeric fat acids has been described. A preliminary report on its properties indicates that it may prove to be a superior protective coating for wood, metal, and other materials, and an adhesive for heat-sealing and laminating of paper, cellophane, glassine, and other packaging materials. The solubility characteristics of Norelac show that solvation probably occurs in compounds containing electron-acceptor groups, such as alcohols, amines, acids, and chloroform.

Films from polymers of heat-bodied, catalytically conjugated linseed and soybean oils have been shown to be superior, in their resistance to water and dilute alkali solution, to films from polymers of non-conjugated oils that were heat-bodies alone and with 0.5% diphenyl disulfide as a polymerization catalyst. These results are not accounted for on the basis of the Scheiber theory of polymerization.

Data and properties of products obtained by polymerizing styrene in the presence of drying and semidrying oils have been presented. Evidence is given showing that conjugation in an oil or peroxide content are not of fundamental importance for obtaining homogeneous products. The increasing of the viscosity of the oils appears to lead to the formation of styrenated products of higher homogeneity.

The final results from the WA 1/2 neutrino experiment in the 1984 CERN 160 GeV narrow band beam are presented. The ratiosR ν and\(R_{\bar v} \) of neutral to charged current interaction rates of neutrinos and antineutrinos in iron are measured to beR ν=0.3072±0.0033 and\(R_{\bar v} \)=0.382±0.016. A value of the electroweak parameter sin2 θ w = 1 −m W 2 /m Z 2 is extracted fromR ν. The result is sin2 θ w =0.228+0.013(m c −1.5)±0.0003 (theor.) wherem c is the mass of the charmed quark in GeV form t =60 GeV,M H =100 GeV, ρ=1. CombiningR ν and\(R_{\bar v} \) one obtains a value for ρ=0.991+0.023(m c −1.5)±0.020(exp.). Alternatively,R ν and\(R_{\bar v} \) yield a precise value of the ratio of intermediate vector boson massesm W /m Z =0.880−0.007(m c −1.5)±0.002(exp.)±0.002(theor.). Comparison of these results with those from direct measurements of the vector boson masses are presented. In a model-independent analysis the left- and right-handed neutral current coupling constants,g L 2 andg R 2 , are determined.

The influence of interconfiguration interaction between the nd 2D-series and the 3s3p2 configuration in Al I with regard to the magnetic hyperfine structure of the 3s2 3d 2D-and 3s2 4d 2D-states is discussed.

Il contributo muove dalla tesi che il compendio (1791) della Teoria del cielo di Kant (1755) non sia un riassunto neutro e fedele della cosmogonia del periodo precritico. Nel §1 viene mostrato in che modo Kant passi da una spiegazione teologica di tipo genetico, basata su un meccanismo dogmatico (1755) ad una spiegazione ‘critica’ di tipo descrittivo, basata su un inquadramento chimicodinamico dei fenomeni (1791). Nel §2 si sostiene che per Kant non tutti i prodotti naturali organizzati che sono fini della natura sono esseri viventi, dato che nella terza Critica (1790) le formazioni cristalline sono spiegate in termini di formazioni inorganiche ma intrinsecamente sistematiche, dovute alla ‘tecnica’ (Technik) della natura, e portate avanti dall’emergere di forze attrattive di tipo selettivo (chimico), in analogia con la formazione dei corpi celesti nel ’91. Nel §3 si evidenzia che la maggiore novità del testo del 1791 consiste nel ritenere che le masse si formino dal caos non solo perché la materia è dotata di forze motive, ma perché unisce una (cieca) capacità di moto (il meccanismo) alla finalità inintenzionale di processi chimici di soluzione e combinazione di materie specificamente diverse, una attraverso l’altra, in miscugli gassosi. La conclusione è che nel tardo Kant il problema di rendere conto della sistematicità dei cieli diventa quello di fondare filosoficamente (a priori) ciò che appartiene materialmente allla possibilità della esistenza effettiva dei corpi celesti come masse organizzate dalla tecnica della natura. La introduzione della finalità indeterminata della soluzione chimica in cosmogonia avrebbe dunque lo scopo di mostrare che la possibilità di tali corpi, come nel caso dei cristalli, deve essere fondata in un’idea (la finalità) di essi nel nostro giudizio riflettente.