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Background: The Information technology has revolutionized many changes throughout the society, and also in bringing up the economic growth of the country.IT professionals are prone to various job-related complaints and symptoms which can be reduced or eliminated by using proper ergonomics. The present study was carried out to study the prevalence of Musculoskeletal disorders among the Information technology (IT) professionals and to determine the factors associated with musculoskeletal problems. Objectives:1.To study the prevalence of Musculoskeletal disorders among the Information Technology (IT) professionals. 2. To determine the factors associated with Musculoskeletal disorders among IT Professionals. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was done among 400 Information technology professionals of selected IT companies of Visakhapatnam city using multistage sampling technique. Structured Interview schedule was taken to collect socio-demographic, personal and working details of employees. Standardised Nordic Musculoskeletal questionnaire was used to assess the work-related musculoskeletal symptoms in relation to various body regions during last 12 months and last 1 week. Results:The overall musculoskeletal disorders among IT professionals was 74% of which lower back (56.7%) is the most common body region affected in the last 12 months followed by neck (43%), shoulder (28.2%), wrist/hand (8.5%), elbow (5.7%), knee (4%) and ankle (3.7%). Conclusions: The study concludes that, prevalence of work-related health problems among IT professionals are of concern. Work related musculoskeletal problems were widely reported and it was observed that, individuals who have regular physical activity are less prone to Musculoskeletal disorders (MSD).

Congenital or acquired, intraoral or extraoral, traumas or carcinomas are known to produce psychological imbalances in patients with the least expectations of returning to their normal lives. Oral carcinomas are the fifth most common of all. The major goals of rehabilitation are such patients are to restore function, speech, swallowing, and aesthetics. However, there are many limitations in achieving these goals, an obturator prosthesis remains as the first line of choice in these maxillectomy patients.

Digitally produced complete dentures has become a popular option due to their added advantages in fabrication of higher quality of dentures and ease. Additive and subtractive technologies of digital systems are one of the upcoming techniques in dentistry. However, both these technologies have similar steps and time frames for their processes, additive technique holds an upper hand in conservation of milling block materials. The production of maxillary and mandibular complete denture prothesis also involves similar steps and techniques. The aim of this case report is to throw light on the upcoming technology in reducing the time constraints while fabricating complete dentures in geriatric patients.

This clinical report describes a comprehensive prosthodontic treatment of a young patient diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma in hard palate. The treatment procedures included surgical removal of the tumor, immediate surgical plate and interim obturator. The surgical plate and interim prosthesis were fabricated using conventional polymethyl methacrylate resin material with retention derived from wrought wire clasps to the remaining natural teeth. The follow-up system revealed satisfactory results with no deterioration in the prosthesis.

In present study, the acute and sub-acute toxicities of Dihydro-p-coumaric acid isolated from the leaves of Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) A. Gray was studied for safety issues in mammals. For acute toxicity tests, isolated compound was administered orally in both male and female BALB/c mice at the doses of 200, 800, and 1,600 mg/kg body weight for 7 days. In sub-acute toxicity study 50 and 500 mg/kg bw of the compound was orally administered for 14 days. Toxicity induced behavioural changes, haematological parameters, biochemical markers and histopathological sections were studied after Dihydro-p-coumaric acid administration. The vital organs like heart, kidney, uterus and testis revealed no adverse effects at doses of upto 1,600 mg/kg bw and 500 mg/kg bw. Slight hepatotoxicity was however demonstrated by ALT and AST assay but histopathological section did not concur as much. The study demonstrated insignificant difference in the percentage of feed intake, water intake, weight gain, haematological parameters and histopathological changes, with no toxicity signs and mortality. Dihydro-p-coumaric acid can be regarded as safe in both acute and sub-acute toxicity assay in both sexes. This indicates Dihydro-p-coumaric acid as a viable alternative to synthetic pesticides.

A novel double frequency SEPIC converter is discussed in this paper. Efficiency, static and dynamic characteristics of the dc to dc power converters are the concerned factors in power electronics. In order to improve the above factors, switching frequency play a vital role in converters. Hence, include High switching frequency in the converter can improve the dynamic characteristics, but it reduces the efficiency. In other words, put in low switching frequency in the converter may result in better efficiency but produces poor dynamic characteristic. In this concern double-frequency SEPIC converter is proposed. This SEPIC dc-dc converter consists of two SEPIC cells: one functions at high switching frequency, and other functions at low switching frequency. The proposed SEPIC converter reveals enhanced steady state and transient characteristic than the other single frequency SEPIC converter and produces high efficiency also. The results of simulation and hardware prove that the anticipated converter extremely progresses the efficiency and displays more or less equal the same dynamics as the traditional high frequency SEPIC converter.

The essential oil (EO) from the leaves of Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) A. Grey was investigated to determine chemical composition and fumigant toxicity against two major stored grain pests rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst.) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). A total of 78 compounds were identified by GC-MS of which α-Pinene (63.62%), Bicyclo [3.1.0] hexane, 4-methylene-1-(1-methyl ethyl)- (14.68%) and 1,6,10-Dodecatrien-3-ol, 3,7,11-trimethyl-, (E)- (2.34%) were most abundant. EO from leaves of T. diversifolia showed strong fumigant activity against S. oryzae adults with LC50 values of 95.12, 77.00 and 74.68 µL/L air after 24, 48 and 72 h of exposure whereas for T. castaneum the LC50 values were 102.67, 98.12 and 81.54 µL/L air, respectively. Mortality rates increased with increasing exposure periods and increasing concentration. These naturally occurring materials derived from EO of T. diversifolia could be used to manage the populations of S. oryzae and T. castaneum. It was found that the EO’s of T. diversifolia is very effective as a fumigant against stored grain insect pests and can also be used as an alternative to the synthetic fumigants.

Background: To strengthen the economy growth through agriculture, there ought to be increase in production and balance in trade terms of export and import. India competes with the global markets in exporting significant spices and few other horticulture products that ends up in economy growth with the help of an array of governmental initiatives to the farmers. Objectives: To analyze the Growth Rate and Instability in Area, Production and Productivity of significant spices and to examine the export of major spices from India during the period of 10 years from 2010 - 2020. Methods: The data have been analyzed with statistical tools; the study has used Compound Annual Growth Rate Analysis (CAGR) & Instability Rate (IR) for analysis. The secondary data used for this study was taken from the Spice Board of India annual reports for the period of 10 years from 2010-2011 to 2019-2020 for the selected major spices. Findings: The analysis provided compound annual growth rate and instability for the selected spices in India in terms of area, production, productivity and export performance for the period of 10 years from 2010-2011 to 2019-2020 to showcase the Indian export in the global markets and to know the status of spices growth in India compared to the previous years (2001-2010). Recommendation: A major concern for the survival in the export market is to increase the productivity and also maintain the quality of the product. So, the major recommendations to be noted by the Spice Board and Agriculture and spice industry to increase the productivity is, i) cultivating quality and best products, ii) utmost care in consumer and contaminants, iii) knowing the new trends in global market for export, iv) enough storage precautions based on the products v) harvesting properly vi) hygiene both in environment and personal. Also, some of the major schemes can be introduced under agriculture for better cultivation of spices by the farmers and it leads to the highest production and productivity and it also impacts the Indian economy. Keywords: Agriculture Science; spices; production; productivity; export; performance

Patients who are edentulous lacks the mechanoreception which is mainly provided by the periodontal ligament that attaches a tooth to the alveolar bone. Mechanoreceptors are primarily present witihin periodontal ligament which provides feedback of magnitude, direction and rate of occlusal load application for sensory perception. Tactile sensibility is seen to be developed in patients who are treated with osseointegrated dental implants. This phenomenon is named as osseoperception. The aim of this article is to evaluate the available literature to find osseoperception related to dental implants. Keywords: Osseoperception, Implants.

Satisfactory restoration in a patient with a partially edentulous situation can be challenging especially when unilateral or bilateral posterior segment of teeth is missing. Successful restoration can be done with various conventional and contemporary treatment options. One such treatment modality is attachment-retained cast partial dentures. This paper describes a case report of a patient with mandibular bilateral distal extension edentulous span restored with a cast partial denture having an extracoronal castable precision attachment (RHEIN 83 OT CAP attachments system). Keywords: Precision attachment, Removable denture, Retentive denture.

Plant essential oils contained secondary metabolite chemicals showing toxicities on stored grain insects. The main aims of this study was to evaluate the insecticidal efficacies and chemical compositions of essential oil from C. flexuosus, C. winterianus, C. martini, and P. cablin against Sitophilus oryzae (L.). The GC-MS analysis results showed that, the essential oils of four aromatic plants are rich in citral, neral, geranyl acetate, geraniol, citronellal, geraniol, citronellol, photocitral B, azulene and α-guaiene respectively. The essential oils of C. flexuosus with LC50 values are 44.5 and 26.1 μl/L air after 24 and 48 h exposure which was found to be most potent fumigant than C. winterianus followed by C. martini and P. cablin respectively. Further, in contact toxicity, C. martini oil being the most effective against adults of S. oryzae with LC50 values of 2.6 and 1.8 μl/cm2 after 24 and 48 h exposure respectively, whereas moderate toxicity was observed in S. oryzae from the essential oils of C. winterianus and P. cablin. These results suggested that the essential oils extracted from C. flexuosus, C. winterianus, C. martini, and P. cablin can be used as in the management of S. oryzae in order to decrease the harmful effects and risk of synthetic insecticides on human beings.

Among the five edible oils viz. olive oil (Olea europaea L), coconut oil (Cocos nucifera L.), groundnut oil (Arachis hypogaea L.), mustard oil (Brassica spp L.) and sesame oil (Sesamum indicum L.) @ 3, 6 and 9 ml kg-1 grains were evaluated as protectants of C. arietinum against oviposition, adult mortality and adult emergence. Pulse beetles favoured untreated rather than treated grains. Similarly, irrespective of these oils, at the rate of 3 ml kg-1 was less effective in inhibiting the oviposition, adult mortality and adult emergence inhibition than 6 and 9 ml kg-1. Among the oils, coconut oil at 9 ml kg-1 grains was found to be most effective in inhibiting the oviposition (26.43 eggs), adult mortality (44.52%) and adult emergence inhibition (96.34%) and did not affect germination of chickpea grains till four months. Sesame oil also provided excellent results giving in the same parameters as 26.62 eggs, 40.95 and 96.08.percent, respectively. Oils of groundnut and olive were least effective in performing the above parameter in the process of the investigation.

For the well-being of human health as well as ecological concerns and the development of insect resistance to conventional chemical insecticides, efforts have increased worldwide, to find eco-friendly, effective and safer insect control agents which are of natural origin. A bioactive biofumigant molecule named dihydro-p-coumaric acid was isolated and characterized from the leaves of Tithonia diversifolia Hemsl. A. Gray following laboratory bioassays against the rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae L (Coleoptera: Curculionidae); the lesser grain borer, Rhyzopertha dominica F (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) and the rust-red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum Herbst (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). The isolated compound acted as a fumigant, toxic to adults of stored grain insect pests with LC