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ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of postpartum depression among women and determine which factors are related this clinical condition.MethodsThe study included 206 women who were admitted to the department of child health and diseases neonatal intensive care unit in Selcuk university faculty of medicine within six weeks postpartum period. First SCID-I and demographic data form for the participants who were volunteer to participate the study were filled. Then, Edinburgh postpartum depression scale, multidimensional scale of perceived social support, Beck anxiety inventory and maternal bonding scale were applied to all participants.ResultsWe found that 6.8% (n = 14) of mothers have postpartum depression. Than we compared the two grups postpartum depression (PPD) and non-postpartum depression (NPPD). In terms of socio-demographic characteristics and found a significant difference only in the level of economic status. Socio-economic status was lower in the group with PPD. In addition, social support received during pregnancy was significantly lower in the group with the PPD. Peripartum or any time depression history and comorbid psychiatric disorders were related factors with PPD. EPDS scores were significantly higher and MSPSS scores were significantly lower in the group with PPD.ConclusionPostpartum depression has many negative consequences for both mother and baby. In the present study, we found that postpartum depression rates were consistent with previous studies. Early detection, prevention and treatment of postpartum depression is very important for the postpartum women who have a higher risk for depression.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

ObjectiveRecent studies have shown that a Type D personality is associated with an increased risk of cardiac mortality. This study aimed to examine impact of a Type D personality on clinical and psychometric properties of patients with a first myocardial infarction (MI) in a Turkish sample.MethodThe study included 131 patients who were admitted to the coronary care unit of a hospital with a first MI. All the patients underwent a psychiatric assessment within 2–6 months post-MI. Psychiatric interviews were conducted with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID-I).ResultsThe first study group (Type D personality) included 50 patients, and the second study group (non-Type D personality) included 81 patients. There was a 38.2% prevalence of the Type D personality in the patients with a first MI. Those with this type of personality had a significantly higher frequency of hypertension and stressful life events. The Type D patients also had more psychiatric disorders, depressive disorders, and anxiety disorders than the non-Type D patients.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that Type D personality traits may increase the risk of hypertension and the risk of psychiatric morbidity in patients with a first MI. Considering that a Type D personality is a stable trait; we suggest that this type of personality is a facilitator of clinical depression and anxiety disorders. These findings emphasize the importance of screening for a Type D personality as a cardiovascular risk marker and a psychiatric risk marker in MI patients.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Introduction Valproate (VPA) is widely used for acute and maintenance therapy of bipolar disease and it is the most prescribed drug for epilepsy treatment worldwide. VPA-induced hyperammonemia is a serious and unusual advers effect of VPA treatment. Objectives We aimed to describe the 20 year-old-woman bipolar case of VPA induced hyperammonemic encephalopaty with therapeutic VPA levels and normal liver functions. Methods The case will be discussed. Results The patient complained of confusion, disorientation, somnolance, agitation and slurred speech at the end of the first week of VPA treatment. VPA blood level was 116.5 μg/mL (N:50-125) and ammonia level was 237 μmol/L (N:10-50). Other laboratory tests including serum transaminases (both ALT and AST) and coagulation profile (PT, PTT and INR) were normal. After discontinuation of VPA treatment and hydration, these symptoms have disappeared dramatically. After 24 hours, blood ammonia level was 80 μmol/L and patient returned the baseline mental status. Conclusions Hyperammonemia occurs due to inhibition of mitochondrial enzymes in the urea cycle by valproic acid. Hyperammonemia and encephalopathy can develop even at therapeutic concentrations without elevated liver function enzymes. Clinicians should be aware that VPA- induced hyperammonemia and encephalopathy is still one of the most feared side effects of VPA which may require emergent management.

Aim The aim of this prospective study was to examine the relationship between exclusive breastfeeding and postpartum depressive symptomatology. Our hypothesis was that mothers with depressive symptoms initially, fail exclusive breastfeeding. Methods One hundred ninety seven mothers attended the study. The participants were interviewed two times. The first visit was within the first 48 hours after birth. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) was completed by the participants. The second interview performed 6 weeks. Participants answered methods of breastfeeding for 6 weeks, any methodological problems and nipple pain. EPDS was completed by the participants in 6 weeks. Newborns were term infant. Results All the participants divided into two groups as exclusive breastfeeding and mix-feeding (partial breastfeeding and/or bottle feeding). Both groups were compared in terms of features, such as mode of delivery, parity, prevalence of depressive symptomatology (at 48-h and 6 wk) and delayed onset of lactation within first 48. Statistical significance was found for only two variables which delayed onset of lactation within first 48-h and gestational age. Discussion Contrary to our expectation, effect of higher maternal depressive symptomatology was not demonstrated on exclusive breastfeeding during 6 weeks after delivery. However, the important finding of this study that delayed onset of nutrition within the first 48 hours affects negatively exclusive breastfeeding during 6 weeks after delivery. Conclusion Clinicians especially should pay attention that lactation difficulty during the first week postpartum. Early lactation difficulties are associated with greater risk of early termination of breastfeeding and lower breastfeeding success.

Objective The aim of study was to evaluate mood and impulsivity in obese people with binge eating disorder. Method A total of 149 obese subjects [71 with Binge Eating Disorder (BED) and 78 without BED] were included in the study and compared to 151 non-clinical populations. They were assessed with the Structured Clinical Interview (SCID-I), Eating Attitudes Test (EAT), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and Barrat Impulsiveness Scale-11 (BIS-11). Results The ratio of obese subjects with BED is 47,6%. Obesity and BED prevalence was higher in female patients. Childhood obesity was significantly more frequent in obese subjects with BED (p 0.05). Cognitive impulsivity and nonplanning activity scores of depressive group were significantly higher than the subjects without depression. (p [Table-1]. BED(+) BED(-) Control p Mean±SD Mean±SD Mean±SD BMI (kg/m2) 33.3 ± 4.1 33.4 ± 5.7 22.2 ± 2.1* EAT score 27.6 ± 12.3 25.5 ± 12.7 7.2 ± 7.8* BDI score 16.2 ± 9.3 14.4 ± 10.5 6.9 ± 75.2* BIS-Total 67.5 ± 10.8** 59.9 ± 17.9 60.0 ± 16.9 0.003 BIS-NPA 26.6 ± 4.1*** 25.3 ± 5.1 24.1 ± 5.1 0.002 BIS-CI 20.6 ± 7.0 23.2 ± 16.4 22.2 ± 12.7 0.475 BIS-MI 21.8 ± 3.7 21.6 ± 4.0 20.9 ± 4.2 0.260 Conclusion Obesity is strongly related with depression and impulsivity. Impulsivity was significantly higher in depressive obese subjects than non-depressive ones. Futhermore, impulsivity was a prominent feature in obese subjects with BED. This also provides clues for influences of each of these two characteristics on obesity.