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1. A novel algorithm for a continuous and fast 3D projection of points on triangulated surfaces for CAM/CAD/CAE applications

Author

L. Orazi and B. Reggiani

Subjects
Projection method, Triangle mesh, Vertex normals, Parameterization, Bilinear projection, Continuous projection, Electronic computers. Computer science, QA75.5-76.95
Abstract

In the present work, a novel algorithm for the continuous projection of point triangles belonging to a triangle mesh is presented. The algorithm uses the normals defined at the vertices of the triangle to perform the projection. The direction of projection is not chosen a priori but depends on the point to be projected: the proposed algorithm, named Fast Continuous Projection method (FCP) lets the projection direction vary continuously on the mesh. Moreover, the direction is coherent with the original surface that is approximated with the triangle mesh. An optimized version of the algorithm is also presented: this uses pre-evaluated matrices to reduce the calculation time. This algorithm can be effectively used when a large set of points has to be projected on a coarse mesh as, for example, to generate the scanning vectors for laser engraving/milling.

Published
2022
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2. Correlation between mpMRI-detected lesions and definite neoplastic foci at radical prostatectomy: Level of agreement in terms of size and proximity to the capsule

Author

E. Morini, L. Marzotta, M.C. Sighinolfi, B. Filippi, C. Del Prete, A. Iseppi, A. Eissa, B. Reggiani, M. Rizzo, P. Torricelli, M. Sandri, M. Paterlini, S. Micali, G. Bianchi, and B. Rocco

Subjects
Diseases of the genitourinary system. Urology, RC870-923, Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282
Published
2020
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3. Effetto supporto, tensione locale e gradiente relativo di tensione nella predizione della vita a fatica

Author

B. Reggiani and A. Freddi

Subjects
Effetto supporto, Gradiente relativo di tensione, Tensione locale, Fatica ad alto numero di cicli, Mechanical engineering and machinery, TJ1-1570, Structural engineering (General), TA630-695
Abstract

Obiettivo ultimo delle ricerche nelle quali si inquadra questo studio è superare, o almeno limitare, la necessità di complicate e costose prove sperimentali a favore di altri metodi predittivi della vita a fatica. Scopo specifico del presente lavoro è la valutazione di una formulazione proposta in letteratura per predire, tramite analisi agli Elementi Finiti, la vita a fatica locale, nella regione ad alto numero di cicli, di componenti con qualunque distribuzione irregolare di tensione. Concetto base di questa nuova teoria è che il fenomeno della vita a fatica sia governato dal gradiente relativo di tensione nella zona maggiormente sollecitata del componente. Le equazioni proposte dalla nuova teoria per il calcolo della pendenza delle curve S-N e del limite di fatica sono verificate tramite il confronto con dati sperimentali tratti da letteratura. Mentre la formulazione per il calcolo del limite di fatica mostra un buon accordo con i dati sperimentali (errore medio percentuale del 7%), la pendenza valutata mediante l’equazione proposta risulta sovrastimata (errore medio percentuale del 123%). Si presenta quindi una nuova formula che permette di ottenere un errore medio percentuale del 24% sulla pendenza nel confronto con i dati sperimentali.

Published
2008

4. A Numerical Modelling Approach for Time-Dependent Deformation of Hot Forming Tools under the Creep-Fatigue Regime

Author

B. Reggiani, L. Donati, and L. Tomesani

Subjects
Materials of engineering and construction. Mechanics of materials, TA401-492
Abstract

The present study was aimed at predicting the time-dependent deformation of tools used in hot forming applications subjected to the creep-fatigue regime. An excessive accumulated plastic deformation is configured as one of the three main causes of premature failure of tools in these critical applications and it is accumulated cycle by cycle without evident marks leading to noncompliant products. With the aim of predicting this accumulated deformation, a novel procedure was developed, presented, and applied to the extrusion process as an example. A time-hardening primary creep law was used and novel regression equations for the law’s coefficients were developed to account not only for the induced stress-temperature state but also for the dwell-time value, which is determined by the selected set of process parameters and die design. The procedure was validated against experimental data both on a small-scale extrusion die at different stress, temperature, load states, and for different geometries and on an industrial extrusion die which was discarded due to the excessive plastic deformation after 64 cycles. A numerical-experimental good agreement was achieved.

Published
2016
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5. Effetto supporto, tensione locale e gradiente relativo di tensione nella predizione della vita a fatica

Author

B. Reggiani and A. Freddi

Subjects
Mechanical engineering and machinery, TJ1-1570, Structural engineering (General), TA630-695
Abstract

Obiettivo ultimo delle ricerche nelle quali si inquadra questo studio è superare, o almeno limitare, la necessità di complicate e costose prove sperimentali a favore di altri metodi predittivi della vita a fatica. Scopo specifico del presente lavoro è, dopo una analisi critica delle diverse soluzioni proposte in letteratura, la valutazione di una formulazione atta a predire, tramite analisi agli Elementi Finiti (FEM), la vita a fatica locale, nella regione ad alto numero di cicli, di componenti di forma complessa con una distribuzione irregolare di tensione. Concetto base di questa teoria è che il fenomeno della vita a fatica sia governato dal gradiente relativo di tensione nella zona maggiormente sollecitata del componente. Le simulazioni proposte per il calcolo della pendenza delle curve S-N e del limite di fatica sono verificate tramite il confronto con dati sperimentali tratti da letteratura. Mentre la formulazione per il calcolo del limite di fatica mostra un buon accordo con i dati sperimentali (errore medio percentuale del 7%), la pendenza valutata mediante l'equazione proposta risulta in alcuni casi sovrastimata (errore medio percentuale oltre il 100%). Nel presente lavoro si propone quindi una nuova formula che permette di ottenere un errore medio percentuale sulla pendenza dell'ordine del 20% nel confronto con i dati sperimentali.

Published
2013
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6. Deep underground neutrino experiment (DUNE) near detector conceptual design report

Author

Abud, A.A. Abi, B. Acciarri, R. Acero, M.A. Adamov, G. Adams, D. Adinolfi, M. Aduszkiewicz, A. Ahmad, Z. Ahmed, J. Alion, T. Monsalve, S.A. Alrashed, M. Alt, C. Alton, A. Amedo, P. Anderson, J. Andreopoulos, C. Andrews, M.P. Andrianala, F. Andringa, S. Anfimov, N. Ankowski, A. Antonova, M. Antusch, S. Aranda-Fernandez, A. Ariga, A. Arnold, L.O. Arroyave, M.A. Asaadi, J. Aurisano, A. Aushev, V. Autiero, D. Ayala-Torres, M. Azfar, F. Back, A. Back, H. Back, J.J. Backhouse, C. Baesso, P. Bagaturia, I. Bagby, L. Balasubramanian, S. Baldi, P. Baller, B. Bambah, B. Barao, F. Barenboim, G. Barker, G.J. Barkhouse, W. Barnes, C. Barr, G. Monarca, J.B. Barros, N. Barrow, J.L. Basharina-Freshville, A. Bashyal, A. Basque, V. Belchior, E. Battat, J.B.R. Battisti, F. Bay, F. Alba, J.L.B. Beacom, J.F. Bechetoille, E. Behera, B. Bellantoni, L. Bellettini, G. Bellini, V. Beltramello, O. Belver, D. Benekos, N. Neves, F.B. Berkman, S. Bernardini, P. Berner, R.M. Berns, H. Bertolucci, S. Betancourt, M. Rodríguez, A.B. Bhattacharjee, M. Bhuller, S. Bhuyan, B. Biagi, S. Bian, J. Biassoni, M. Biery, K. Bilki, B. Bishai, M. Bitadze, A. Blake, A. Blaszczyk, F.D.M. Blazey, G.C. Blucher, E. Boissevain, J. Bolognesi, S. Bolton, T. Bomben, L. Bonesini, M. Bongrand, M. Bonini, F. Booth, A. Booth, C. Bordoni, S. Borkum, A. Boschi, T. Bostan, N. Bour, P. Bourgeois, C. Boyd, S.B. Boyden, D. Bracinik, J. Braga, D. Brailsford, D. Brandt, A. Bremer, J. Brew, C. Brianne, E. Brice, S.J. Brizzolari, C. Bromberg, C. Brooijmans, G. Brooke, J. Bross, A. Brunetti, G. Brunetti, M. Buchanan, N. Budd, H. Cagnoli, I. Caiulo, D. Calafiura, P. Calcutt, J. Calin, M. Calvez, S. Calvo, E. Caminata, A. Campanelli, M. Cankocak, K. Caratelli, D. Carini, G. Carlus, B. Carniti, P. Terrazas, I.C. Carranza, H. Carroll, T. Castaño Forero, J.F. Castillo, A. Castromonte, C. Catano-Mur, E. Cattadori, C. Cavalier, F. Cavanna, F. Centro, S. Cerati, G. Cervelli, A. Villanueva, A.C. Chalifour, M. Chappell, A. Chardonnet, E. Charitonidis, N. Chatterjee, A. Chattopadhyay, S. Chen, H. Chen, M. Chen, Y. Chen, Z. Cherdack, D. Chi, C. Childress, S. Chiriacescu, A. Chisnall, G. Cho, K. Choate, S. Chokheli, D. Choubey, S. Christensen, A. Christian, D. Christodoulou, G. Chukanov, A. Church, E. Cicero, V. Clarke, P. Coan, T.E. Cocco, A.G. Coelho, J.A.B. Conley, E. Conley, R. Conrad, J.M. Convery, M. Copello, S. Corwin, L. Cremaldi, L. Cremonesi, L. Crespo-Anadón, J.I. Cristaldo, E. Cross, R. Cudd, A. Cuesta, C. Cui, Y. Cussans, D. Dabrowski, M. Dalager, O. Da Motta, H. Da Silva Peres, L. David, C. David, Q. Davies, G.S. Davini, S. Dawson, J. De, K. De Almeida, R.M. Debbins, P. De Bonis, I. Decowski, M.P. De Gouvêa, A. De Holanda, P.C. De Icaza Astiz, I.L. Deisting, A. De Jong, P. Delbart, A. Delepine, D. Delgado, M. Dell’Acqua, A. De Lurgio, P. De Mello Neto, J.R.T. De Muth, D.M. Dennis, S. Densham, C. Deptuch, G.W. De Roeck, A. De Romeri, V. De Souza, G. Dharmapalan, R. Diaz, F. Díaz, J.S. Di Domizio, S. Di Giulio, L. Ding, P. Di Noto, L. Distefano, C. Diurba, R. Diwan, M. Djurcic, Z. Dokania, N. Dolan, S. Dolinski, M.J. Domine, L. Douglas, D. Douillet, D. Drake, G. Drielsma, F. Duchesneau, D. Duffy, K. Dunne, P. Durkin, T. Duyang, H. Dvornikov, O. Dwyer, D.A. Dyshkant, A.S. Eads, M. Earle, A. Edmunds, D. Eisch, J. Emberger, L. Emery, S. Ereditato, A. Escobar, C.O. Eurin, G. Evans, J.J. Ewart, E. Ezeribe, A.C. Fahey, K. Falcone, A. Farnese, C. Farzan, Y. Felix, J. Carneiro Da Silva, M.F. Fernandez-Martinez, E. Fernandez Menendez, P. Ferraro, F. Fields, L. Filthaut, F. Fiorentini, A. Fitzpatrick, R.S. Flanagan, W. Fleming, B. Flight, R. Forero, D.V. Fowler, J. Fox, W. Franc, J. Francis, K. Franco, D. Freeman, J. Freestone, J. Fried, J. Friedland, A. Fuess, S. Furic, I. Furmanski, A.P. Gabrielli, A. Gago, A. Gallagher, H. Gallas, A. Gallego-Ros, A. Gallice, N. Galymov, V. Gamberini, E. Gamble, T. Gandhi, R. Gandrajula, R. Gao, F. Gao, S. Garcia-Gamez, D. García-Peris, M.Á. Gardiner, S. Gastler, D. Ge, G. Gelli, B. Gendotti, A. Gent, S. Ghorbani-Moghaddam, Z. Gibin, D. Gil-Botella, I. Gilligan, S. Girerd, C. Giri, A.K. Gnani, D. Gogota, O. Gold, M. Gollapinni, S. Gollwitzer, K. Gomes, R.A. Gomez Bermeo, L.V. Gomez Fajardo, L.S. Gonnella, F. Gonzalez-Cuevas, J.A. Gonzalez-Diaz, D. Gonzalez-Lopez, M. Goodman, M.C. Goodwin, O. Goswami, S. Gotti, C. Goudzovski, E. Grace, C. Graham, M. Gran, R. Granados, E. Granger, P. Grant, A. Grant, C. Gratieri, D. Green, P. Greenler, L. Greer, J. Griffith, W.C. Groh, M. Grudzinski, J. Grzelak, K. Gu, W. Guarino, V. Guenette, R. Guerard, E. Guerzoni, M. Guglielmi, A. Guo, B. Guthikonda, K.K. Gutierrez, R. Guzowski, P. Guzzo, M.M. Gwon, S. Habig, A. Hadavand, H. Haenni, R. Hahn, A. Haiston, J. Hamacher-Baumann, P. Hamernik, T. Hamilton, P. Han, J. Harris, D.A. Hartnell, J. Harton, J. Hasegawa, T. Hasnip, C. Hatcher, R. Hatfield, K.W. Hatzikoutelis, A. Hayes, C. Hazen, E. Heavey, A. Heeger, K.M. Heise, J. Hennessy, K. Henry, S. Hernandez Morquecho, M.A. Herner, K. Hertel, L. Hewes, J. Higuera, A. Hill, T. Hillier, S.J. Himmel, A. Hoff, J. Hohl, C. Holin, A. Hoppe, E. Horton-Smith, G.A. Hostert, M. Hourlier, A. Howard, B. Howell, R. Huang, J. Huang, J. Hugon, J. Iles, G. Ilic, N. Iliescu, A.M. Illingworth, R. Ingratta, G. Ioannisian, A. Isenhower, L. Itay, R. Izmaylov, A. Jackson, S. Jain, V. James, E. Jargowsky, B. Jediny, F. Jena, D. Jeong, Y.S. Jesús-Valls, C. Ji, X. Jiang, L. Jiménez, S. Jipa, A. Johnson, R. Johnston, N. Jones, B. Jones, S.B. Judah, M. Jung, C.K. Junk, T. Jwa, Y. Kabirnezhad, M. Kaboth, A. Kadenko, I. Kakorin, I. Kamiya, F. Kaneshige, N. Karagiorgi, G. Karaman, G. Karcher, A. Karolak, M. Karyotakis, Y. Kasai, S. Kasetti, S.P. Kashur, L. Kazaryan, N. Kearns, E. Keener, P. Kelly, K.J. Kemp, E. Kemularia, O. Ketchum, W. Kettell, S.H. Khabibullin, M. Khotjantsev, A. Khvedelidze, A. Kim, D. King, B. Kirby, B. Kirby, M. Klein, J. Koehler, K. Koerner, L.W. Kohn, S. Koller, P.P. Kolupaeva, L. Kordosky, M. Kosc, T. Kose, U. Kostelecký, V.A. Kothekar, K. Krennrich, F. Kreslo, I. Kudenko, Y. Kudryavtsev, V.A. Kulagin, S. Kumar, J. Kumar, P. Kumar, R. Kunze, P. Kurita, N. Kuruppu, C. Kus, V. Kutter, T. Lambert, A. Land, B. Lande, K. Lane, C.E. Lang, K. Langford, T. Larkin, J. Lasorak, P. Last, D. Lastoria, C. Laundrie, A. Laurenti, G. Lawrence, A. Lazanu, I. Lazur, R. Le, T. Leardini, S. Learned, J. Lebrun, P. Lecompte, T. Lehmann Miotto, G. Lehnert, R. Leigui De Oliveira, M.A. Leitner, M. Li, L. Li, S.W. Li, T. Li, Y. Liao, H. Lin, C.S. Lin, Q. Lin, S. Lister, A. Littlejohn, B.R. Liu, J. Lockwitz, S. Loew, T. Lokajicek, M. Lomidze, I. Long, K. Loo, K. Lorca, D. Lord, T. Losecco, J.M. Louis, W.C. Lu, X.-G. Luk, K.B. Luo, X. Lurkin, N. Lux, T. Luzio, V.P. Macfarlane, D. Machado, A.A. Machado, P. Macias, C.T. Macier, J.R. Maddalena, A. Madera, A. Madigan, P. Magill, S. Mahn, K. Maio, A. Major, A. Maloney, J.A. Mandrioli, G. Mandujano, R.C. Maneira, J. Manenti, L. Manly, S. Mann, A. Manolopoulos, K. Manrique Plata, M. Manyam, V.N. Manzanillas, L. Marchan, M. Marchionni, A. Marciano, W. Marfatia, D. Mariani, C. Maricic, J. Marie, R. Marinho, F. Marino, A.D. Marsden, D. Marshak, M. Marshall, C.M. Marshall, J. Marteau, J. Martin-Albo, J. Martinez, N. Martinez Caicedo, D.A. Martynenko, S. Mason, K. Mastbaum, A. Masud, M. Matsuno, S. Matthews, J. Mauger, C. Mauri, N. Mavrokoridis, K. Mawby, I. Mazza, R. Mazzacane, A. Mazzucato, E. McAskill, T. McCluskey, E. McConkey, N. McFarland, K.S. McGrew, C. McNab, A. Mefodiev, A. Mehta, P. Melas, P. Mena, O. Menary, S. Mendez, H. Méndez, D.P. Menegolli, A. Meng, G. Messier, M.D. Metcalf, W. Mettler, T. Mewes, M. Meyer, H. Miao, T. Michna, G. Miedema, T. Migenda, J. Mikola, V. Milincic, R. Miller, W. Mills, J. Milne, C. Mineev, O. Miranda, O.G. Miryala, S. Mishra, C.S. Mishra, S.R. Mislivec, A. Mladenov, D. Mocioiu, I. Moffat, K. Moggi, N. Mohanta, R. Mohayai, T.A. Mokhov, N. Molina, J. Molina Bueno, L. Montanari, A. Montanari, C. Montanari, D. Montagna, E. Montano Zetina, L.M. Moon, J. Mooney, M. Moor, A.F. Moreno, D. Morris, C. Mossey, C. Motuk, E. Moura, C.A. Mousseau, J. Mu, W. Mualem, L. Mueller, J. Muether, M. Mufson, S. Muheim, F. Muir, A. Mulhearn, M. Munford, D. Muramatsu, H. Murphy, S. Musser, J. Nachtman, J. Nagu, S. Nalbandyan, M. Nandakumar, R. Naples, D. Narita, S. Navas-Nicolás, D. Navrer-Agasson, A. Nayak, N. Nebot-Guinot, M. Negishi, K. Nelson, J.K. Nesbit, J. Nessi, M. Newbold, D. Newcomer, M. Newhart, D. Newton, H. Niccolo, M. Nichol, R. Nicolas-Arnaldos, F. Nicoletta, M. Niner, E. Nishimura, K. Norman, A. Norrick, A. Northrop, R. Novella, P. Nowak, J.A. Oberling, M. Ochoa-Ricoux, J.P. Olivares Del Campo, A. Olivier, A. Olshevskiy, A. Onel, Y. Onishchuk, Y. Ott, J. Pagani, L. Pakvasa, S. Palacio, G. Palamara, O. Palestini, S. Paley, J.M. Pallavicini, M. Palomares, C. Palomino-Gallo, J.L. Pantic, E. Paolone, V. Papadimitriou, V. Papaleo, R. Papanestis, A. Paramesvaran, S. Parke, S. Parsa, Z. Parvu, M. Pascoli, S. Pasqualini, L. Pasternak, J. Pater, J. Patrick, C. Patrizii, L. Patterson, R.B. Patton, S.J. Patzak, T. Paudel, A. Paulos, B. Paulucci, L. Pavlovic, Z. Pawloski, G. Payne, D. Pec, V. Peeters, S.J.M. Pennacchio, E. Penzo, A. Peres, O.L.G. Perry, J. Pershey, D. Pessina, G. Petrillo, G. Petta, C. Petti, R. Piastra, F. Pickering, L. Pietropaolo, F. Plunkett, R. Poling, R. Pons, X. Poonthottathil, N. Poppi, F. Pordes, S. Porter, J. Potekhin, M. Potenza, R. Potukuchi, B.V.K.S. Pozimski, J. Pozzato, M. Prakash, S. Prakash, T. Prince, S. Pugnere, D. Qian, X. Queiroga Bazetto, M.C. Raaf, J.L. Radeka, V. Rademacker, J. Radics, B. Rafique, A. Raguzin, E. Rai, M. Rajaoalisoa, M. Rakhno, I. Rakotonandrasana, A. Rakotondravohitra, L. Ramachers, Y.A. Rameika, R. Ramirez Delgado, M.A. Ramson, B. Rappoldi, A. Raselli, G. Ratoff, P. Raut, S. Razakamiandra, R.F. Real, J.S. Rebel, B. Reggiani-Guzzo, M. Rehak, T. Reichenbacher, J. Reitzner, S.D. Rejeb Sfar, H. Renshaw, A. Rescia, S. Resnati, F. Reynolds, A. Riccio, C. Riccobene, G. Rice, L.C.J. Ricol, J. Rigamonti, A. Rigaut, Y. Rivera, D. Rochester, L. Roda, M. Rodrigues, P. Rodriguez Alonso, M.J. Rodriguez Bonilla, E. Rodriguez Rondon, J. Rosauro-Alcaraz, S. Rosenberg, M. Rosier, P. Roskovec, B. Rossella, M. Rout, J. Roy, P. Roy, S. Rubbia, A. Rubbia, C. Rubio, F.C. Russell, B. Ruterbories, D. Saakyan, R. Sacerdoti, S. Safford, T. Sahay, R. Sahu, N. Sala, P. Samios, N. Samoylov, O. Sanchez, M.C. Sanders, D.A. Sankey, D. Santana, S. Santos-Maldonado, M. Saoulidou, N. Sapienza, P. Sarasty, C. Sarcevic, I. Savage, G. Savinov, V. Scaramelli, A. Scarff, A. Scarpelli, A. Schaffer, T. Schellman, H. Schlabach, P. Schmitz, D. Scholberg, K. Schukraft, A. Segreto, E. Sensenig, J. Seong, I. Sergi, A. Sgalaberna, D. Shaevitz, M.H. Shafaq, S. Shamma, M. Sharankova, R. Sharma, H.R. Sharma, R. Shaw, T. Shepherd-Themistocleous, C. Shin, S. Shooltz, D. Shrock, R. Simard, L. Simon, F. Simos, N. Sinclair, J. Sinev, G. Singh, J. Singh, J. Singh, V. Sipos, R. Sippach, F.W. Sirri, G. Sitraka, A. Siyeon, K. Skarpaas, K. Smith, A. Smith, E. Smith, P. Smolik, J. Smy, M. Snider, E.L. Snopok, P. Soares Nunes, M. Sobel, H. Soderberg, M. Solano Salinas, C.J. Söldner-Rembold, S. Soleti, S. Solomey, N. Solovov, V. Sondheim, W.E. Sorel, M. Soto-Oton, J. Sousa, A. Soustruznik, K. Spagliardi, F. Spanu, M. Spitz, J. Spooner, N.J.C. Spurgeon, K. Staley, R. Stancari, M. Stanco, L. Stanley, R. Stein, R. Steiner, H.M. Stewart, J. Stillwell, B. Stock, J. Stocker, F. Stokes, T. Strait, M. Strauss, T. Striganov, S. Stuart, A. Suarez, J.G. Sullivan, H. Summers, D. Surdo, A. Susic, V. Suter, L. Sutera, C.M. Svoboda, R. Szczerbinska, B. Szelc, A.M. Talaga, R. Tanaka, H.A. Oregui, B.T. Tapper, A. Tariq, S. Tatar, E. Tayloe, R. Teklu, A.M. Tenti, M. Terao, K. Ternes, C.A. Terranova, F. Testera, G. Thea, A. Thompson, J.L. Thorn, C. Timm, S.C. Todd, J. Tonazzo, A. Torbunov, D. Torti, M. Tortola, M. Tortorici, F. Totani, D. Toups, M. Touramanis, C. Tosi, N. Travaglini, R. Trevor, J. Trilov, S. Trzaska, W.H. Tsai, Y.T. Tsamalaidze, Z. Tsang, K.V. Tsverava, N. Tufanli, S. Tull, C. Tyley, E. Tzanov, M. Uchida, M.A. Urheim, J. Usher, T. Uzunyan, S. Vagins, M.R. Vahle, P. Valdiviesso, G.A. Valencia, E. Valerio, P. Vallari, Z. Valle, J.W.F. Vallecorsa, S. Van Berg, R. Van De Water, R.G. Varanini, F. Vargas, D. Varner, G. Vasel, J. Vasina, S. Vasseur, G. Vaughan, N. Vaziri, K. Ventura, S. Verdugo, A. Vergani, S. Vermeulen, M.A. Verzocchi, M. Vicenzi, M. Vieira De Souza, H. Vignoli, C. Vilela, C. Viren, B. Vrba, T. Wachala, T. Waldron, A.V. Wallbank, M. Wang, H. Wang, J. Wang, L. Wang, M.H.L.S. Wang, Y. Wang, Y. Warburton, K. Warner, D. Wascko, M. Waters, D. Watson, A. Weatherly, P. Weber, A. Weber, M. Wei, H. Weinstein, A. Wenman, D. Wetstein, M. White, A. Whitehead, L.H. Whittington, D. Wilking, M.J. Wilkinson, C. Williams, Z. Wilson, F. Wilson, R.J. Wolcott, J. Wongjirad, T. Wood, A. Wood, K. Worcester, E. Worcester, M. Wret, C. Wu, W. Wu, W. Xiao, Y. Yandel, E. Yang, G. Yang, K. Yang, S. Yang, T. Yankelevich, A. Yershov, N. Yonehara, K. Young, T. Yu, B. Yu, H. Yu, J. Yuan, W. Zaki, R. Zalesak, J. Zambelli, L. Zamorano, B. Zani, A. Zazueta, L. Zeit, G. Zeller, G.P. Zennamo, J. Zeug, K. Zhang, C. Zhao, M. Zhivun, E. Zhu, G. Zilberman, P. Zimmerman, E.D. Zito, M. Zucchelli, S. Zuklin, J. Zutshi, V. Zwaska, R. DUNE Collaboration

Subjects
Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics::Experiment
Abstract

The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) is an international, world-class experiment aimed at exploring fundamental questions about the universe that are at the forefront of astrophysics and particle physics research. DUNE will study questions pertaining to the preponderance of matter over antimatter in the early universe, the dynamics of supernovae, the subtleties of neutrino interaction physics, and a number of beyond the Standard Model topics accessible in a powerful neutrino beam. A critical component of the DUNE physics program involves the study of changes in a powerful beam of neutrinos, i.e., neutrino oscillations, as the neutrinos propagate a long distance. The experiment consists of a near detector, sited close to the source of the beam, and a far detector, sited along the beam at a large distance. This document, the DUNE Near Detector Conceptual Design Report (CDR), describes the design of the DUNE near detector and the science program that drives the design and technology choices. The goals and requirements underlying the design, along with projected performance are given. It serves as a starting point for a more detailed design that will be described in future documents. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

Published
2021

7. Searching for solar KDAR with DUNE

Author

Abud, A. Abed Abi, B. Acciarri, R. Acero, M. A. Adames, M. R. Adamov, G. Adams, D. Adinolfi, M. Aduszkiewicz, A. and Aguilar, J. Ahmad, Z. Ahmed, J. Ali-Mohammadzadeh, B. and Alion, T. Allison, K. Monsalve, S. Alonso Alrashed, M. and Alt, C. Alton, A. Amedo, P. Anderson, J. and Andreopoulos, C. Andreotti, M. Andrews, M. P. Andrianala, F. and Andringa, S. Anfimov, N. Ankowski, A. Antoniassi, M. and Antonova, M. Antoshkin, A. Antusch, S. Aranda-Fernandez, A. and Ariga, A. Arnold, L. O. Arroyave, M. A. Asaadi, J. and Asquith, L. Aurisano, A. Aushev, V Autiero, D. and Ayala-Torres, M. Azfar, F. Back, A. Back, H. Back, J. J. and Backhouse, C. Baesso, P. Bagaturia, I Bagby, L. and Balashov, N. Balasubramanian, S. Baldi, P. Baller, B. and Bambah, B. Barao, F. Barenboim, G. Barker, G. J. and Barkhouse, W. Barnes, C. Barr, G. Barranco Monarca, J. and Barros, A. Barros, N. Barrow, J. L. Basharina-Freshville, A. and Bashyal, A. Basque, V Belchior, E. Battat, J. B. R. and Battisti, F. Bay, F. Bazo Alba, J. L. Beacom, J. F. and Bechetoille, E. Behera, B. Bellantoni, L. Bellettini, G. and Bellini, V Beltramello, O. Belver, D. Benekos, N. and Benitez Montiel, C. Neves, F. Bento Berger, J. Berkman, S. and Bernardini, P. Berner, R. M. Berns, H. Bertolucci, S. and Betancourt, M. Betancur Rodriguez, A. Bevan, A. Bezerra, T. J. C. Bhatnagar, V Bhattacharjee, M. Bhuller, S. and Bhuyan, B. Biagi, S. Bian, J. Biassoni, M. Biery, K. and Bilki, B. Bishai, M. Bitadze, A. Blake, A. Blaszczyk, F. D. M. Blazey, G. C. Blucher, E. Boissevain, J. and Bolognesi, S. Bolton, T. Bomben, L. Bonesini, M. and Bongrand, M. Bonini, F. Booth, A. Booth, C. Boran, F. and Bordoni, S. Borkum, A. Boschi, T. Bostan, N. Bour, P. Bourgeois, C. Boyd, S. B. Boyden, D. Bracinik, J. and Braga, D. Brailsford, D. Branca, A. Brandt, A. Bremer, J. Brew, C. Brianne, E. Brice, S. J. Brizzolari, C. and Bromberg, C. Brooijmans, G. Brooke, J. Bross, A. and Brunetti, G. Brunetti, M. Buchanan, N. Budd, H. Butorov, I Cagnoli, I Caiulo, D. Calabrese, R. Calafiura, P. and Calcutt, J. Calin, M. Calvez, S. Calvo, E. Caminata, A. and Campanelli, M. Cankocak, K. Caratelli, D. Carini, G. and Carlus, B. Carneiro, M. F. Carniti, P. Terrazas, I. Caro and Carranza, H. Carroll, T. Castano Forero, J. F. Castillo, A. and Castromonte, C. Catano-Mur, E. Cattadori, C. Cavalier, F. Cavanna, F. Centro, S. Cerati, G. Cervelli, A. and Cervera Villanueva, A. Chalifour, M. Chappell, A. and Chardonnet, E. Charitonidis, N. Chatterjee, A. and Chattopadhyay, S. Chen, H. Chen, M. Chen, Y. Chen, Z. and Cheon, Y. Cherdack, D. Chi, C. Childress, S. and Chiriacescu, A. Chisnall, G. Cho, K. Choate, S. and Chokheli, D. Chong, P. S. Choubey, S. Christensen, A. and Christian, D. Christodoulou, G. Chukanov, A. Chung, M. and Church, E. Cicero, V Clarke, P. Coan, T. E. Cocco, A. G. and Coelho, J. A. B. Conley, E. Conley, R. Conrad, J. M. and Convery, M. Copello, S. Corwin, L. Valentim, R. and Cremaldi, L. Cremonesi, L. Crespo-Anadon, I, J. Crisler, M. and Cristaldo, E. Cross, R. Cudd, A. Cuesta, C. Cui, Y. and Cussans, D. Dalager, O. da Motta, H. Peres, L. Da Silva and David, C. David, Q. Davies, G. S. Davini, S. Dawson, J. De, K. Debbins, P. De Bonis, I Decowski, M. P. de Gouvea, A. De Holanda, P. C. Astiz, I. L. De Icaza Deisting, A. De Jong, P. Delbart, A. Delepine, D. Delgado, M. and Dell'Acqua, A. De Lurgio, P. de Mello Neto, J. R. T. DeMuth, D. M. Dennis, S. Densham, C. Deptuch, G. W. De Roeck, A. and De Romeri, V De Souza, G. Devi, R. Dharmapalan, R. and Dias, M. Diaz, F. Diaz, J. S. Di Domizio, S. Di Giulio, L. Ding, P. Di Noto, L. Distefano, C. Diurba, R. and Diwan, M. Djurcic, Z. Doering, D. Dolan, S. Dolek, F. and Dolinski, M. J. Domine, L. Douglas, D. Douillet, D. and Drake, G. Drielsma, F. Duarte, L. Duchesneau, D. Duffy, K. Dunne, P. Durkin, T. Duyang, H. Dvornikov, O. and Dwyer, D. A. Dyshkant, A. S. Eads, M. Earle, A. Edmunds, D. Eisch, J. Emberger, L. Emery, S. Ereditato, A. and Erjavec, T. Escobar, C. O. Eurin, G. Evans, J. J. Ewart, E. Ezeribe, A. C. Fahey, K. Falcone, A. Fani, M. and Farnese, C. Farzan, Y. Fedoseev, D. Felix, J. Feng, Y. and Fernandez-Martinez, E. Fernandez Menendez, P. Fernandez Morales, M. Ferraro, F. Fields, L. Filip, P. Filthaut, F. Fiorentini, A. Fiorini, M. Fitzpatrick, R. S. and Flanagan, W. Fleming, B. Flight, R. Forero, V, D. and Fowler, J. Fox, W. Franc, J. Francis, K. Franco, D. and Freeman, J. Freestone, J. Fried, J. Friedland, A. and Robayo, F. Fuentes Fuess, S. Furic, I. K. Furmanski, A. P. and Gabrielli, A. Gago, A. Gallagher, H. Gallas, A. and Gallego-Ros, A. Gallice, N. Galymov, V Gamberini, E. and Gamble, T. Ganacim, F. Gandhi, R. Gandrajula, R. Gao, F. and Gao, S. Garcia, A. C. B. Garcia-Gamez, D. Garcia-Peris, A. Gardiner, S. Gastler, D. Gauvreau, J. Ge, G. and Gelli, B. Gendotti, A. Gent, S. Ghorbani-Moghaddam, Z. and Giammaria, P. Giammaria, T. Gibin, D. Gil-Botella, I and Gilligan, S. Girerd, C. Giri, A. K. Gnani, D. Gogota, O. and Gold, M. Gollapinni, S. Gollwitzer, K. Gomes, R. A. and Gomez Bermeo, V, L. Gomez Fajardo, L. S. Gonnella, F. and Gonzalez-Cuevas, J. A. Gonzalez Diaz, D. Gonzalez-Lopez, M. and Goodman, M. C. Goodwin, O. Goswami, S. Gotti, C. and Goudzovski, E. Grace, C. Graham, M. Gran, R. Granados, E. Granger, P. Grant, A. Grant, C. Gratieri, D. and Green, P. Greenler, L. Greer, J. Grenard, J. Griffith, W. C. Groh, M. Grudzinski, J. Grzelak, K. Gu, W. and Guardincerri, E. Guarino, V Guarise, M. Guenette, R. and Guerard, E. Guerzoni, M. Guglielmi, A. Guo, B. and Guthikonda, K. K. Gutierrez, R. Guzowski, P. Guzzo, M. M. and Gwon, S. Ha, C. Habig, A. Hadavand, H. Haenni, R. and Hahn, A. Haiston, J. Hamacher-Baumann, P. Hamernik, T. and Hamilton, P. Han, J. Harris, D. A. Hartnell, J. and Harton, J. Hasegawa, T. Hasnip, C. Hatcher, R. Hatfield, K. W. Hatzikoutelis, A. Hayes, C. Hayrapetyan, K. Hays, J. Hazen, E. He, M. Heavey, A. Heeger, K. M. Heise, J. Hennessy, K. Henry, S. Morquecho, M. A. Hernandez and Herner, K. Hertel, L. Hewes, J. Higuera, A. Hill, T. and Hillier, S. J. Himmel, A. Hirsch, L. R. Ho, J. Hoff, J. and Holin, A. Hoppe, E. Horton-Smith, G. A. Hostert, M. and Hourlier, A. Howard, B. Howell, R. Hristova, I Hronek, M. S. Huang, J. Huang, J. Hugon, J. Iles, G. Ilic, N. Iliescu, A. M. Illingworth, R. Ingratta, G. and Ioannisian, A. Isenhower, L. Itay, R. Izmaylov, A. and Jackson, C. M. Jain, V James, E. Jang, W. Jargowsky, B. and Jediny, F. Jena, D. Jeong, Y. S. Jesus-Valls, C. Ji, X. Jiang, L. Jimenez, S. Jipa, A. Johnson, R. and Johnston, N. Jones, B. Jones, S. B. Judah, M. Jung, C. K. Junk, T. Jwa, Y. Kabirnezhad, M. Kaboth, A. and Kadenko, I Kalra, D. Kakorin, I Kalitkina, A. Kamiya, F. and Kaneshige, N. Karagiorgi, G. Karaman, G. Karcher, A. and Karolak, M. Karyotakis, Y. Kasai, S. Kasetti, S. P. and Kashur, L. Kazaryan, N. Kearns, E. Keener, P. Kelly, K. J. Kemp, E. Kemularia, O. Ketchum, W. Kettell, S. H. and Khabibullin, M. Khotjantsev, A. Khvedelidze, A. Kim, D. and King, B. Kirby, B. Kirby, M. Klein, J. Koehler, K. and Koerner, L. W. Kohn, S. Koller, P. P. Kolupaeva, L. and Korablev, D. Kordosky, M. Kosc, T. Kose, U. Kostelecky, V. A. Kothekar, K. Krennrich, F. Kreslo, I Kropp, W. and Kudenko, Y. Kudryavtsev, V. A. Kulagin, S. Kumar, J. and Kumar, P. Kunze, P. Kuruppu, C. Kus, V Kutter, T. and Kvasnicka, J. Kwak, D. Lambert, A. Land, B. J. Lande, K. and Lane, C. E. Lang, K. Langford, T. Langstaff, M. and Larkin, J. Lasorak, P. Last, D. Lastoria, C. Laundrie, A. Laurenti, G. Lawrence, A. Lazanu, I LaZur, R. and Lazzaroni, M. Le, T. Leardini, S. Learned, J. LeBrun, P. and LeCompte, T. Lee, C. Lee, S. Y. Miotto, G. Lehmann and Lehnert, R. de Oliveira, M. A. Leigui Leitner, M. Lepin, L. M. Li, L. Li, S. W. Li, T. Li, Y. Liao, H. Lin, C. S. Lin, Q. Lin, S. Ling, J. Lister, A. and Littlejohn, B. R. Liu, J. Lockwitz, S. Loew, T. and Lokajicek, M. Lomidze, I Long, K. Loo, K. Lord, T. and LoSecco, J. M. Louis, W. C. Lu, X-G Luk, K. B. Luo, X. and Luppi, E. Lurkin, N. Lux, T. Luzio, V. P. and MacFarlane, D. Machado, A. A. Machado, P. Macias, C. T. and Macier, J. R. Maddalena, A. Madera, A. Madigan, P. and Magill, S. Mahn, K. Maio, A. Major, A. Maloney, J. A. and Mandrioli, G. Mandujano, R. C. Maneira, J. Manenti, L. and Manly, S. Mann, A. Manolopoulos, K. Plata, M. Manrique and Manyam, V. N. Manzanillas, L. Marchan, M. Marchionni, A. and Marciano, W. Marfatia, D. Mariani, C. Maricic, J. and Marie, R. Marinho, F. Marino, A. D. Marsden, D. Marshak, M. Marshall, C. M. Marshall, J. Marteau, J. Martin-Albo, J. Martinez, N. Caicedo, D. A. Martinez Martynenko, S. and Mascagna, V Mason, K. Mastbaum, A. Masud, M. Matichard, F. Matsuno, S. Matthews, J. Mauger, C. Mauri, N. and Mavrokoridis, K. Mawby, I Mazza, R. Mazzacane, A. and Mazzucato, E. McAskill, T. McCluskey, E. McConkey, N. and McFarland, K. S. McGrew, C. McNab, A. Mefodiev, A. and Mehta, P. Melas, P. Mena, O. Menary, S. Mendez, H. and Mendez, P. Menegolli, A. Meng, G. Messier, M. D. and Metcalf, W. Mettler, T. Mewes, M. Meyer, H. Miao, T. and Michna, G. Miedema, T. Mikola, V Milincic, R. Miller, G. and Miller, W. Mills, J. Milne, C. Mineev, O. Miranda, O. G. Miryala, S. Mishra, C. S. Mishra, S. R. Mislivec, A. Mladenov, D. Mocioiu, I Moffat, K. Moggi, N. and Mohanta, R. Mohayai, T. A. Mokhov, N. Molina, J. Bueno, L. Molina Montagna, E. Montanari, A. Montanari, C. and Montanari, D. Zetina, L. M. Montano Moon, J. Moon, S. H. and Mooney, M. Moor, A. F. Moreno, D. Morris, C. Mossey, C. and Motuk, E. Moura, C. A. Mousseau, J. Mouster, G. Mu, W. Mualem, L. Mueller, J. Muether, M. Mufson, S. and Muheim, F. Muir, A. Mulhearn, M. Munford, D. Muramatsu, H. Murphy, S. Musser, J. Nachtman, J. Nagu, S. and Nalbandyan, M. Nandakumar, R. Naples, D. Narita, S. and Nath, A. Navas-Nicolas, D. Navrer-Agasson, A. Nayak, N. and Nebot-Guinot, M. Negishi, K. Nelson, J. K. Nesbit, J. and Nessi, M. Newbold, D. Newcomer, M. Newhart, D. Newton, H. Nichol, R. Nicolas-Arnaldos, F. Niner, E. Nishimura, K. Norman, A. Norrick, A. Northrop, R. Novella, P. and Nowak, J. A. Oberling, M. Ochoa-Ricoux, J. P. Del Campo, A. Olivares Olivier, A. Olshevskiy, A. Onel, Y. Onishchuk, Y. Ott, J. Pagani, L. Pakvasa, S. Palacio, G. and Palamara, O. Palestini, S. Paley, J. M. Pallavicini, M. and Palomares, C. Palomino-Gallo, J. L. Vazquez, W. Panduro and Pantic, E. Paolone, V Papadimitriou, V Papaleo, R. and Papanestis, A. Paramesvaran, S. Parke, S. Parozzi, E. and Parsa, Z. Parvu, M. Pascoli, S. Pasqualini, L. and Pasternak, J. Pater, J. Patrick, C. Patrizii, L. and Patterson, R. B. Patton, S. J. Patzak, T. Paudel, A. and Paulos, B. Paulucci, L. Pavlovic, Z. Pawloski, G. Payne, D. Pec, V Peeters, S. J. M. Pennacchio, E. Penzo, A. and Peres, O. L. G. Perry, J. Pershey, D. Pessina, G. and Petrillo, G. Petta, C. Petti, R. Pia, V Piastra, F. and Pickering, L. Pietropaolo, F. Plunkett, R. Poling, R. and Pons, X. Poonthottathil, N. Poppi, F. Pordes, S. Porter, J. Potekhin, M. Potenza, R. Potukuchi, B. V. K. S. and Pozimski, J. Pozzato, M. Prakash, S. Prakash, T. Prest, M. Prince, S. Psihas, F. Pugnere, D. Qian, X. and Bazetto, M. C. Queiroga Raaf, J. L. Radeka, V Rademacker, J. and Radics, B. Rafique, A. Raguzin, E. Rai, M. and Rajaoalisoa, M. Rakhno, I Rakotonandrasana, A. and Rakotondravohitra, L. Ramachers, Y. A. Rameika, R. Delgado, M. A. Ramirez Ramson, B. Rappoldi, A. Raselli, G. and Ratoff, P. Raut, S. Razakamiandra, R. F. Rea, E. Real, J. S. Rebel, B. Reggiani-Guzzo, M. Rehak, T. and Reichenbacher, J. Reitzner, S. D. Sfar, H. Rejeb Renshaw, A. and Rescia, S. Resnati, F. Reynolds, A. Ribas, M. and Riboldi, S. Riccio, C. Riccobene, G. Rice, L. C. J. and Ricol, J. Rigamonti, A. Rigaut, Y. Rivera, D. Robert, A. and Rochester, L. Roda, M. Rodrigues, P. Alonso, M. J. Rodriguez Rodriguez Bonilla, E. Rondon, J. Rodriguez and Rosauro-Alcaraz, S. Rosenberg, M. Rosier, P. Roskovec, B. and Rossella, M. Rossi, M. Rott, C. Rout, J. Roy, P. and Roy, S. Rubbia, A. Rubbia, C. Rubio, F. C. Russell, B. and Ruterbories, D. Rybnikov, A. Saa-Hernandez, A. Saakyan, R. Sacerdoti, S. Safford, T. Sahu, N. Sala, P. and Samios, N. Samoylov, O. Sanchez, M. C. Sandberg, V and Sanders, D. A. Sankey, D. Santana, S. Santos-Maldonado, M. and Saoulidou, N. Sapienza, P. Sarasty, C. Sarcevic, I and Savage, G. Savinov, V Scaramelli, A. Scarff, A. and Scarpelli, A. Schaffer, T. Schellman, H. Schifano, S. and Schlabach, P. Schmitz, D. Scholberg, K. Schukraft, A. and Segreto, E. Selyunin, A. Senise, C. R. Sensenig, J. and Seoane, M. Seong, I Sergi, A. Sgalaberna, D. Shaevitz, M. H. Shafaq, S. Shamma, M. Sharankova, R. Sharma, H. R. and Sharma, R. Kumar, R. Shaw, T. Shepherd-Themistocleous, C. Sheshukov, A. Shin, S. Shoemaker, I Shooltz, D. and Shrock, R. Siegel, H. Simard, L. Simon, F. Sinclair, J. and Sinev, G. Singh, J. Singh, J. Singh, L. Singh, V and Sipos, R. Sippach, F. W. Sirri, G. Sitraka, A. Siyeon, K. Skarpaas, K. Smith, A. Smith, E. Smith, P. and Smolik, J. Smy, M. Snider, E. L. Snopok, P. and Snowden-Ifft, D. Nunes, M. Soares Sobel, H. Soderberg, M. and Sokolov, S. Solano Salinas, C. J. Soldner-Rembold, S. and Soleti, S. R. Solomey, N. Solovov, V Sondheim, W. E. and Sorel, M. Sotnikov, A. Soto-Oton, J. Sousa, A. and Soustruznik, K. Spagliardi, F. Spanu, M. Spitz, J. and Spooner, N. J. C. Spurgeon, K. Staley, R. Stancari, M. and Stanco, L. Stanley, R. Stein, R. Steiner, H. M. Lisboa, A. F. Steklain Stewart, J. Stillwell, B. Stock, J. and Stocker, F. Stokes, T. Strait, M. Strauss, T. Striganov, S. Stuart, A. Suarez, J. G. Sullivan, H. Summers, D. and Surdo, A. Susic, V Suter, L. Sutera, C. M. Svoboda, R. and Szczerbinska, B. Szelc, A. M. Tanaka, H. A. Oregui, B. Tapia Tapper, A. Tariq, S. Tatar, E. Tayloe, R. and Teklu, A. M. Tenti, M. Terao, K. Ternes, C. A. and Terranova, F. Testera, G. Thakore, T. Thea, A. Thompson, J. L. Thorn, C. Timm, S. C. Tishchenko, V Todd, J. and Tomassetti, L. Tonazzo, A. Torbunov, D. Torti, M. and Tortola, M. Tortorici, F. Tosi, N. Totani, D. Toups, M. and Touramanis, C. Travaglini, R. Trevor, J. Trilov, S. and Tripathi, A. Trzaska, W. H. Tsai, Y. Tsai, Y-T and Tsamalaidze, Z. Tsang, V, K. Tsverava, N. Tufanli, S. and Tull, C. Tyley, E. Tzanov, M. Uboldi, L. Uchida, M. A. and Urheim, J. Usher, T. Uzunyan, S. Vagins, M. R. and Vahle, P. Valdiviesso, G. A. Valencia, E. Vallari, Z. and Vallazza, E. Valle, J. W. F. Vallecorsa, S. Van Berg, R. and Van de Water, R. G. Varanini, F. Vargas, D. Varner, G. and Vasel, J. Vasina, S. Vasseur, G. Vaughan, N. Vaziri, K. and Ventura, S. Verdugo, A. Vergani, S. Vermeulen, M. A. and Verzocchi, M. Vicenzi, M. de Souza, H. Vieira Vignoli, C. and Vilela, C. Viren, B. Vrba, T. Wachala, T. Waldron, V, A. Wallbank, M. Wallis, C. Wang, H. Wang, J. and Wang, L. Wang, M. H. L. S. Wang, Y. Wang, Y. Warburton, K. Warner, D. Wascko, M. O. Waters, D. Watson, A. and Weatherly, P. Weber, A. Weber, M. Wei, H. Weinstein, A. and Wenman, D. Wetstein, M. White, A. Whitehead, L. H. and Whittington, D. Wilking, M. J. Wilkinson, C. Williams, Z. and Wilson, F. Wilson, R. J. Wisniewski, W. Wolcott, J. and Wongjirad, T. Wood, A. Wood, K. Worcester, E. Worcester, M. Wret, C. Wu, W. Wu, W. Xiao, Y. Xie, F. and Yandel, E. Yang, G. Yang, K. Yang, S. Yang, T. and Yankelevich, A. Yershov, N. Yonehara, K. Young, T. Yu, B. Yu, H. Yu, H. Yu, J. Yuan, W. Zaki, R. and Zalesak, J. Zambelli, L. Zamorano, B. Zani, A. Zazueta, L. Zeller, G. P. Zennamo, J. Zeug, K. Zhang, C. and Zhao, M. Zhivun, E. Zhu, G. Zilberman, P. Zimmerman, E. D. Zito, M. Zucchelli, S. Zuklin, J. Zutshi, V and Zwaska, R. DUNE Collaboration

Subjects
High Energy Physics::Experiment
Abstract

The observation of 236 MeV muon neutrinos from kaon-decay-at-rest (KDAR) originating in the core of the Sun would provide a unique signature of dark matter annihilation. Since excellent angle and energy reconstruction are necessary to detect this monoenergetic, directional neutrino flux, DUNE with its vast volume and reconstruction capabilities, is a promising candidate for a KDAR neutrino search. In this work, we evaluate the proposed KDAR neutrino search strategies by realistically modeling both neutrino-nucleus interactions and the response of DUNE. We find that, although reconstruction of the neutrino energy and direction is difficult with current techniques in the relevant energy range, the superb energy resolution, angular resolution, and particle identification offered by DUNE can still permit great signal/background discrimination. Moreover, there are non-standard scenarios in which searches at DUNE for KDAR in the Sun can probe dark matter interactions.

Published
2021

8. Assessment on the creep-fatigue performances of tool steels

Author

B. Reggiani, L. Donati, M. Ben Tahar, L. Tomesani, Interall srl, and B. Reggiani, L. Donati, M. Ben Tahar, L. Tomesani

Subjects
tool steels, fatigue, creep, creep-fatigue interaction, extrusion dies
Abstract

Extrusion dies are typically produced by hot work steels with a great diffusion of AISI H-11 (1.2343) and AISI H-13 (1.2344) steels. Nevertheless different steels for hot working application are available on the market and several new steel grades are proposed every year for this type of application. A main concern for extruder and die maker that are interested into testing new steel grades, is how to evaluate the performances of the new material. If the material is directly applied for manufacturing a die, even if the die is an identical duplication of a previously tested, no reliable data are usually obtained as consequence of process variance. On the other side, standard testing (like tensile testing), even when performed at several high temperatures, offer only a partial view of the mechanical behavior of an extrusion die. Indeed dies are not affected by static loading being fatigue and creep the most damaging mechanisms of an extrusion die properly designed. In the present paper an innovative testing method, (previously proposed by the authors in [1] for investigating separately fatigue, creep and creep-ftigue interaction), was carried out on a TQ1 (X36CrMoV5-2) hot-work tool steel in cooperation with Constellium R&D center. A creep-fatigue loading type was applied to the specimens, i.e. a cyclic load with a dwell-time, in order to properly reproduce the conditions acting on extrusion dies. The specimens were tested at four different loading conditions (from 26 to 45 kN), wirth two different dwell times (160-300 s) and also with different surface conditions (tempered/tempered plus nitriding). Tests were performed on a 100kN MTS fatigue machine equipped with a heating furnace and the temperature was kept constant at 520°C. Final results were presented in terms of fatigue diagram curve of the TQ1 steel and compared to the performances of the H11 tool steel tested in a previous research by the same authors.

Published
2019

9. Pessima annata produttiva per l’orzo zootecnico

Author

Cattivelli L. (coordinatore), Faccini N. (coordinatore), Gianinetti A. (coordinatore), Alberici R., Amato G., Anastasi U., Ara A., Attene G., Baravelli M., Barbiani G., Baronchelli M., Belocchi A., Bonciarelli U., Cacciatori P., Codianni P., Delbono S., Fornara M., Frenda A. S., Fuselli D., Ghizzoni R., Giambalvo D., Invernizzi C., Licciardello S., Lorenzetti M. C., Mameli M., Mazzieri G., Mazzon V., Monti M., Moscaritolo S., Notario T., Pagani D., Palumbo M., Petrini A., Pilati A., Poma I., Pons R., Preiti G., Quaranta F., Randazzo B., Reggiani F., Rodriguez M., Romeo M., Rossini F., Ruggeri R., Ruisi P., Sciacca F., Signor M., Tagliaferri I., Viola P., Virdis A., Virzì N., and Cattivelli L. (coordinatore), Faccini N. (coordinatore), Gianinetti A. (coordinatore), Alberici R., Amato G., Anastasi U., Ara A., Attene G., Baravelli M., Barbiani G., Baronchelli M., Belocchi A., Bonciarelli U., Cacciatori P., Codianni P., Delbono S., Fornara M., Frenda A.S., Fuselli D., Ghizzoni R., Giambalvo D., Invernizzi C., Licciardello S., Lorenzetti M.C., Mameli M., Mazzieri G., Mazzon V., Monti M., Moscaritolo S., Notario T., Pagani D., Palumbo M., Petrini A., Pilati A., Poma I., Pons R., Preiti G., Quaranta F., Randazzo B., Reggiani F., Rodriguez M., Romeo M., Rossini F., Ruggeri R., Ruisi P., Sciacca F., Signor M., Tagliaferri I., Viola P., Virdis A., Virzì N.

Subjects
Confronto varietale, Orzo zootecnico, Settore AGR/02 - Agronomia E Coltivazioni Erbacee
Abstract

Fattori climatici e malattie crittogamiche hanno inciso pesantemente sulle prove realizzate, in particolare in alcuni areali. La produzione è risultata inferiore rispetto agli anni precedenti, con sole 5,5 t/ha in media al Nord, 5,3 al Centro e 4,5 t/ha al Sud e Isole

Published
2018

10. Triticale: le varietà consigliate per il 2018-2019

Author

Faccini N. (coordinatore), Cattivelli L. (coordinatore), Alberici R., Baronchelli M., Barbiani G., Cacciatori P., Codianni P., Delbono S., Di Miceli G., Fornara M., Frenda A. S., Fuselli D., Ghizzoni R., Giunta F., Mameli L., Moscaritolo S., Notario T., Pagani D., Petrini A., Poma I., Quaranta F., Randazzo B., Reggiani F., Ruisi P., Signor M., Viola P., Virdis A., Tagliaferri I., and Faccini N. (coordinatore), Cattivelli L., (coordinatore), Alberici R., Baronchelli M., Barbiani G., Cacciatori P., Codianni P., Delbono S., Di Miceli G., Fornara M., Frenda A.S., Fuselli D., Ghizzoni R., Giunta F., Mameli L., Moscaritolo S., Notario T., Pagani D., Petrini A., Poma I., Quaranta F., Randazzo B., Reggiani F., Ruisi P., Signor M., Viola P., Virdis A., Tagliaferri I.

Subjects
Confronto varietale, Triticale, Settore AGR/02 - Agronomia E Coltivazioni Erbacee
Abstract

Risultati molto diversificati con forti variazioni tra le località della Rete. Sono stati realizzati 4 campi sperimentali al Nord, 4 al Centro e 5 al Sud e Isole, con una produttività media per ciascun areale rispettivamente di: 5,9; 4 e 4,7 t/ha. Produttività eccellenti in provincia di Sassari dove si è ottenuta la punta maggiore di 10,3 t/ha per la varietà Ramdam.

Published
2018

11. Effect of Process Parameters on Seam Weld Quality of ZM21 Tubes

Author

Tommaso Pinter, Y. Rami, Antonio Segatori, Barbara Reggiani, Luca Tomesani, Lorenzo Donati, A. Segatori, B. Reggiani, L. Donati, T. Pinter, Y. Rami, and L. Tomesani

Subjects
Materials science, Mechanical Engineering, Drop (liquid), Metallurgy, ZM21, EXTRUSION, Electric resistance welding, law.invention, MAGNESIUM, BULGE TEST, Mandrel, Natural rubber, Mechanics of Materials, law, visual_art, Ultimate tensile strength, visual_art.visual_art_medium, General Materials Science, Extrusion, Composite material, Hydrostatic equilibrium, Spark plug
Abstract

The increasing attention to magnesium alloys in extruded profiles, especially in the transportation industry, is related to their low density associated with good mechanical properties and complete recyclability. This allows to push towards both increasing efficiency and pollution restrictions. However, these advantages are negatively balanced by the production rates drop in relation to dangerous profile temperatures increasing that force to keep low velocities. In this context, a novel porthole die has been purposely designed for magnesium alloys allowing an increasing of the process velocity up to four times with respect to past solutions. The mandrel consisted of three ports made by 120° bridges that created an equal number of seam welds. The extruded tubes, made in ZM21, were 50 mm in diameter and 2 mm in thickness and were tested under different process conditions. In the present work, the quality of the seam welds has been investigated in relation to each process condition by means of the rubber plug testing method that allowed to applied an hydrostatic tensile state.

Published
2012
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12. Creep-Fatigue Interaction in the AISI H11 Tool Steel

Author

Lorenzo Donati, Barbara Reggiani, Jie Zhou, Marco D’Ascenzo, Luca Tomesani, A. Erman Tekkaya, Nooman Ben Khalifa, B. Reggiani, M. D’Ascenzo, L. Donati, J. Zhou, and L. Tomesani

Subjects
CREEP-FATIGUE INTERACTION, AISI H11 TOOL STEEL, EXTRUSION DIE, TOOL LIFETIME, business.product_category, Materials science, Mechanical Engineering, Metallurgy, Creep fatigue, engineering.material, Dwell time, Mandrel, Creep, Mechanics of Materials, Tool steel, engineering, Die (manufacturing), Cyclic loading, General Materials Science, Extrusion, Composite material, business
Abstract

The effect of process parameters on the creep-fatigue behavior of a hot-work tool steel for aluminum extrusion die was investigated through a technological test in which the specimen geometry resembled the mandrel of a hollow extrusion die. Tests were performed on a Gleeble thermomechanical simulator by heating the specimen using joule’s effect and by applying cyclic loading up to 6.30 h or till specimen failure. Displacements during the tests at 380, 490, 540 and 580°C and under the average stresses of 400, 600 and 800 MPa were determined. A dwell time of 3 min was introduced during each of the tests to understand the creep behavior. The results showed that the test could indeed physically simulate the cyclic loading on the hollow die during extrusion and reveal all the mechanisms of creep-fatigue interaction.

Published
2009
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13. Carotid revascularization in patients with ongoing oral anticoagulant therapy: the advantages of stent placement

Author

Letizia Bacchi Reggiani, Andrea Stella, Mauro Gargiulo, Claudio Rapezzi, Antonio Freyrie, Rodolfo Pini, Raffaella Mauro, Gianluca Faggioli, G. Faggioli, R. Pini, C. Rapezzi, R. Mauro, A. Freyrie, M. Gargiulo, L. B. Reggiani, and A. Stella

Subjects
Carotid Artery Diseases, Male, Time Factors, medicine.medical_treatment, Myocardial Infarction, Administration, Oral, RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL, Carotid endarterectomy, law.invention, Percutaneous coronary intervention, Randomized controlled trial, law, Risk Factors, Myocardial infarction, Stroke, Aged, 80 and over, Endarterectomy, Carotid, Hematoma, Drug Substitution, food and beverages, MOLECULAR-WEIGHT HEPARIN, Treatment Outcome, Female, Stents, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, animal structures, Risk Assessment, Drug Administration Schedule, NO, Angioplasty, medicine, otorhinolaryngologic diseases, Humans, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Aged, Retrospective Studies, Chi-Square Distribution, business.industry, Heparin, fungi, Anticoagulants, Retrospective cohort study, medicine.disease, Surgery, Logistic Models, Multivariate Analysis, business
Abstract

Purpose To assess the influence of oral anticoagulant therapy conversion to heparin (OAT-CH) on carotid endarterectomy (CEA) outcomes and the influence of unmodified oral anticoagulant therapy (OAT) on carotid artery stenting (CAS) and to compare the outcomes of CEA in OAT-CH with CAS in ongoingOAT. Materials and Methods The 30-day results from all patients who underwent CEA and CAS in a 6-year period were analyzed for stroke, death, myocardial infarction (MI), and hematoma of the access site requiring surgical evacuation. We evaluated the influence of OAT-CH in CEA and the influence of OAT in CAS and compared CEA and CAS outcomes in patients receiving OAT-CH andOAT. Results Among 1,222 carotid revascularizations, there were 711 CEAs (58.1%) and 511 CAS procedures (41.9%). In the CEA group, 31 (4.4%) patients were treated with OAT-CH, and these patients had a significantly higher complication rate compared with patients not receiving OAT, including death (1 [3.2%] vs 4 [0.6%]; P = .04), stroke (4 [12.9%] vs 10 [1.4%]; P = .001), and hematoma (3 [9.6%] vs 11 [1.6%]; P = .02). In CAS, the results were similar in patients receiving OAT (30 [5.8%]) and patients not receiving OAT. Patients receiving OAT who underwent CAS had better outcomes than patients receiving OAT-CH who underwent CEA, including stroke, death, MI, and hematoma combined (0 [0.0%] vs 7 [22.5%]; P =.01). Conclusions OAT management significantly influences the results of carotid revascularization. Because CAS with unmodified OAT had a significantly better outcome than CEA with OAT-CH, carotid revascularization strategies should favor CAS rather than CEA in this setting.

Published
2013

14. Deformation behaviour of a ferritic hot-work tool steel with respect to the microstructure

Author

Barbara Reggiani, Thomas Wlanis, Friedrich Krumphals, Lorenzo Donati, Christof Sommitsch, F. Krumphal, B. Reggiani, L. Donati, T. Wlani, and C. Sommitsch

Subjects
Materials science, General Computer Science, Metallurgy, General Physics and Astronomy, Hot work, General Chemistry, engineering.material, Microstructure, Thermal creep, AISI H-11, TOOL STEEL, MICROSTRUCTURE, Computational Mathematics, Mechanics of Materials, Thermal, Tool steel, Hardening (metallurgy), engineering, General Materials Science, Extrusion, Composite material, Softening
Abstract

A ferritic hot-work tool steel was investigated, which is in use as die for extrusion processes and exposed to cyclic load spectra with overlapping of both, thermal and mechanical loads. The occurring stresses and temperatures in the tool material were used to simulate the material behaviour of the tool steel in service by means of Abaqus StandardTM v.6.8–3 software in conjunction with Z-Mat package. A sensitivity analysis of the used elastic–viscoplastic Chaboche model was performed to characterize the most influencing parameters. To describe the microstructure evolution during thermo-mechanical loads via a physical based approach and to compare it with the phenomenological predictions, precipitation kinetics simulations as well as a dislocation density model for thermal creep using the rate theory, were applied to characterize the hardening and softening behaviour.

Published
2012

15. Finite element modelling of the charge welds evolution in a porthole die

Author

Antonio Segatori, Lorenzo Donati, Barbara Reggiani, Luca Tomesani, B. Reggiani, A. Segatori, L. Donati, and L. Tomesani

Subjects
Engineering, business.product_category, Computer simulation, business.industry, Mechanical Engineering, Computation, SEAM WELD, Hydrostatic pressure, Process (computing), Mechanical engineering, Welding, Structural engineering, FE SIMULATION, Electric resistance welding, Finite element method, law.invention, Mechanics of Materials, law, CHARGE WELD, PORTHOLE DIE, Die (manufacturing), General Materials Science, business
Abstract

Although the extrusion process is regarded as a continuous process, in practice billets are discretely loaded into the press. The joining of two consecutive billets is guaranteed by the high hydrostatic pressure of the process. Nevertheless, mechanical proprieties of the profile in the welded region are lower than those of the adjacent area thus leading to the discarding of the welded segment. Extension of the segment is mainly affected by the interaction of seam and charge welding phenomena and, nowadays, its prediction is still a tricky task involving rough empirical relations or labour intensive analyses. Aim of this work was to identify the starting and exhausting points of the charge welds evolution inside an industrial multi-profiles die, in order to determine the exact position and the minimal length to be scraped. The extrusion of four AA6060 hollow profiles through a multi-hole die were preliminary monitored in an industrial press by accurate recording of the process loads, temperatures and speeds during the process. The four profiles were sectioned starting from the ‘stop mark’ then grinded and etched in order to investigate the location and the dimension of the zone to be ridded. While the experimental activity is detailed elsewhere, this paper is focused on the finite element modelling of the process. The numerical simulation was performed by means of the Altair HyperXtrude code and predictions compared to experimental data with a particular focus on the computation of the charge evolution. It was found a good agreement both in terms of general trend and prediction of the exhausting points so thus proving the code to be a reliable tool for an accurate determination of the scraps.

Published
2012

16. Prediction of Position and Extent of Charge Welds in Hollow Profile Extrusion

Author

SEGATORI, ANTONIO, REGGIANI, BARBARA, DONATI, LORENZO, TOMESANI, LUCA, ET FOUNDATION, A. Segatori, B. Reggiani, L. Donati, and L. Tomesani

Subjects
CHARGE WELDS, AA 6060, EXTRUSION, FEM SIMULATIONS
Abstract

In billet-to-billet direct aluminum extrusion, the high hydrostatic pressure field produces joining of the two consequent billets; however, the mechanical properties of the transition zone are lower, thus requiring the scrapping of the charge-welded segment. The localization of the segment to be discarded is a complex matter. This work aims to investigate the interaction between the different welding phenomena inside an industrial multi-profile die, in order to determine the exact position and the minimal profile length to be discarded. Experimental investigations were performed on an industrial extrusion of four hollow profiles in EN AW-6060 alloy through a multi-hole die. Location and dimension of the charge weld was retrieved and compared with finite element (FE) simulations of the process, thus evaluating the possibility of using the code as a reliable tool for the localization and determination of the scrap, particularly if new die design strategies must also be evaluated in terms of reduction of the zone extension.

Published
2012

17. APPLICATION OF DIFFERENT DEFORMATION MODELS TO EXTRUSION DIES: ELASTO-VISCOPLASTIC WITH KINEMATIC AND ISOTROPIC HARDENING AND MODIFIED TIME-HARDENING CREEP LAW

Author

TOMESANI, LUCA, REGGIANI, BARBARA, DONATI, LORENZO, FARHOUD KABIRIAN AND JIAN LIU, L. Tomesani, B. Reggiani, and L. Donati

Subjects
DEFORMATION PREDICTION, NUMERICAL MODELS, TIME-HARDENING CREEP LAW, EXTRUSION DIES
Abstract

In the present work, two numerical models were evaluated for the prediction of the level of deformation achieved by an extrusion die during the process after multiple cycles: the Chaboche elasto-viscoplastic model and a modified version of the time-hardening creep law. The latter was developed by the authors in order to include the effect of the temperature and stress levels as well as of the billet length in the computation of the achieved deformation. Both models were then applied to a small scale mandrel used as specimen in a novel physical experiment and tested under different loading, temperature and stress conditions.

Published
2012

18. Deformation Prediction of Porthole Dies After Multiple Extrusion Cycles

Author

Donati, Lorenzo, Reggiani, Barbara, Tomesani, Luca, ET FOUNDATION, B. Reggiani, L. Donati, and L. Tomesani

Subjects
EXTRUSION, EXTRUSION DIES, DEFORMATION, CREEP
Abstract

Extrusion dies work under the combination of cyclic loads and high temperatures. Accounting also for the billet-die contact time during each single extrusion, the die deflecting mechanism is placed in the creep-fatigue interaction. In order to analyze the die deformation, a physical experiment reproducing the thermo-mechanical conditions of an extrusion die was performed on a Gleeble simulator. The specimens were made of AISI H11. The design of the experiment consisted of four levels of temperature, three levels of stress, and three types of load (creep, fatigue, and creep-fatigue with a dwell-time). It was found that creep is the mechanism that greatly affects die deformation, and that the time-displacement histories of the specimens showed a marked primary softening phase for each tested condition. Thus, a modified version of the time-hardening creep law was chosen to estimate the die deformation. Coefficients of the law were optimized on the basis of experimental data, starting from values found in the literature. Novel equations were formulated to express the dependency of the coefficients on the stress-temperature state, as well as on the dwell-time after multiple cycles. The presented procedure was validated against additional experimental data, performed with different specimen geometries and on an industrial extrusion die. A good average agreement was found between experimental and numerical results.

Published
2012

19. Constitutive laws for the deformation estimation of extrusion die in the creep-fatigue regime

Author

Lorenzo Donati, Barbara Reggiani, Luca Tomesani, B. Reggiani, L. Donati, and L. Tomesani

Subjects
business.product_category, Materials science, Mechanical Engineering, Constitutive equation, CREEP-FATIGUE, engineering.material, EXTRUSION DIE, DEFORMATION MECHANISM, Mandrel, Creep, Deformation mechanism, Mechanics of Materials, CONSTITUTIVE LAW, AISI H11, Law, Tool steel, engineering, Hardening (metallurgy), Die (manufacturing), General Materials Science, Extrusion, business
Abstract

Tools are exposed to severe working conditions during the hot extrusion process. In particular, dies and mandrels can be subjected to an excessive amount of deformation as a result of the developed high cyclic loads and temperatures. In this scenario, a physical experiment reproducing the thermo-mechanical conditions of a mandrel in a porthole die was performed with the Gleeble machine on the AISI H11 tool steel with the aim to investigate the mechanisms that influence the die deformation. The design of experiment consisted of 4 levels of temperature, 3 levels of stress and 3 types of load, i.e. pure creep, pure fatigue and creep-fatigue. In all the testing conditions, a comparable pattern of the mandrel displacement-time curve was found reproducing the 3 stages of softening typical of the strain evolution in a standard creep test but with a marked primary phase. Thus, with the aim to identify an easy-applicable equation to estimate the die deformation, the time hardening creep law was chosen. Coefficients of the time-hardening law were optimized, for each testing condition, on the basis of experimental data starting from values for similar alloys taken from the literature. Results in terms of mandrel displacement were then compared to experimental data for the creep-fatigue condition at different stress and temperature levels. The values found were validated against additional experimental data performed with different specimen geometries. A good average agreement was found between experimental and numerical results. The developed procedure was then applied to an industrial die.

Published
2012

20. Matrici per estrusione: Riflettori puntati sull’acciaio AISI H11

Author

REGGIANI, BARBARA, DONATI, LORENZO, TOMESANI, LUCA, J. Zhou, B. Reggiani, L. Donati, J. Zhou, and L. Tomesani

Subjects
FATICA, ACCIAIO DA UTENSILI AISI H11, MATRICI PER ESTRUSIONE, INTERAZIONE CREEP-FATICA, CREEP
Abstract

Il presente studio è finalizzato all’analisi del comportamento dell’acciaio da utensili per lavorazioni a caldo AISI H11 (X37CrMoV5-1) nel regime di funzionamento di creep-fatica proprio delle matrici per estrusione industriale. Allo scopo, viene presentato un innovativo test tecnologico nel quale il provino replica, in piccola scala, il mandrino delle matrici a ponte ottimizzato nella geometria e nella definizione dei carichi meccanici e termici mediante analisi a elementi finiti. Il piano prove sperimentale prevede 4 livelli di temperature, 3 livelli di sollecitazione, che coprono l’intervallo di valori riscontrati in una matrice durante un processo di estrusione, e 3 tipi ci carico: pura fatica, puro creep e creep-fatica, ovvero carico ciclico con tempo di mantenimento di 3 minuti. Tutte le prove sono eseguite sul simulatore termo-meccanico Gleeble 1500D. Il test si dimostra un utile strumento per investigare l’interazione tra i diversi meccanismi di deformazione nelle matrici per estrusione.

Published
2011

21. Creep behaviour modeling of the AISI H11 tool steel for extrusion dies applications

Author

REGGIANI, BARBARA, DONATI, LORENZO, TOMESANI, LUCA, INTERALL PUBLICATIONS, B. Reggiani, L. Donati, and L. Tomesani

Subjects
ANALYTICAL EQUATIONS, AISI H-11, CREEP
Abstract

Aim of an extrusion die is to allow the production of the profile with the required dimension tolerances and quality level. One of the main impediment to achieve this aim could be an excessive die deformation due to the high cyclic loads and temperatures acting on the die during the extrusion process. In order to investigate the mechanisms that influence the die deformation, a physical experiment reproducing the thermo-mechanical conditions of a die was performed on a martensitic tool steel used for extrusion tools (AISI H11). The design of experiment consisted of 4 levels of temperature, 3 levels of stress and 3 types of load, i.e. pure creep, pure fatigue and creep-fatigue. In all cases, the same pattern of the mandrel displacement-time curve was found consisting of 3 stages as those typical of the strain evolution in a standard creep test with a marked primary phase. Thus, with the aim to define an easy-applicable equation to estimate the die deformation, an exponential type law was chosen. In order to obtain the temperature gradient within the specimen coupled thermo-electric simulations were previously performed. The nodal temperature have been then imported within the structural model and the mechanical properties assigned to the each element as a function of these values. Coefficients of the exponential law were optimized, for each testing condition, on the basis of experimental data starting from values for similar alloys found in literature and novel equations formulated to express their dependency on temperature and stress. A good average agreement was found between experimental and numerical results.

Published
2011

22. Investigazione e previsione di saldature trasversali in profili estrusi di alluminio

Author

SEGATORI, ANTONIO, REGGIANI, BARBARA, DONATI, LORENZO, TOMESANI, LUCA, F. Bagagli, A. MENEGHETTI, A. MAGGIORE, V. PARENTI CASTELLI, A. Segatori, B. Reggiani, L. Donati, F. Bagagli, and L. Tomesani

Subjects
CHARGE WELD, SEAM WELD, FINITE ELEMENT MODELLING, EXTRUSION
Abstract

Aluminum extruded profiles are today extensively used in several type of applications like buildings and construction, engineering, transport, up to airplane primary structures. The proprieties and quality of the profiles are strictly related to their final application: if for aesthetical applications (i.e. windows frames or interior design structures) the surface aspect is of primary importance, in more severe loaded conditions (like automotive or aerospace) the mechanical proprieties of the profiles remains of critical importance. Aim of the present study was to investigate the interaction between the different welding phenomena inside an industrial multi-profile die, in order to determine the exact position and the minimal profile length to be discarded. Finite element simulations of the process were then carried out by means of the commercial code Altair® HyperXtrude® to evaluate the numerical code capabilities for a real industrial application. Numerical predictions were then compared to experimental data with a particular focus on the computation of charge weld evolution.

Published
2011

23. A survey on the predictability of the die deflection in aluminum extrusion by means of experimental investigation and numerical analysis

Author

Reggiani, Barbara, Donati, Lorenzo, Tomesani, Luca, U. Meneghetti, A. Maggiore, V. Parenti Castelli, B. REGGIANI, L. DONATI, and L. TOMESANI

Subjects
TOOL DEFLECTION, ALUMINUM ALLOYS, FINITE ELEMENT METHOD, EXTRUSION
Abstract

The direction of the market demand in extrusion is to push towards higher quality products. With this aim, is it nowadays a common practice to make use of numerical methods, especially of the finite element simulations in order to get information on the material flow, temperature distribution, process load and other process related issues. Therefore, in parallel to the requirement of higher quality products there is the demand of more accurate, stable and reliable simulation codes. The International Conference on Extrusion and Benchmark (ICEB) works as a meeting point between finite element codes developers and extruders and die makers to asses and compare the capability of each code to predict the parameters of interest in the field of extrusion. The 2009 edition of the conference has been focused on the die deflection evaluation, also accounting for the experimental complexity to monitor this data for the high temperature involved in the process as well as for the reduced direct accessibility to the die. Aim of the present work is to present the results of this activity in which a controlled extrusion experiment has been carried out and to compare the recorded data with the prediction of three process simulations codes in terms of profiles exit velocity and temperature, die temperature, process load and die deflection in the extrusion direction. The codes are based on different approaches: ALTAIR HyperXtrude® based on the Arbitrarian Lagrangian Eulerian formulation, COMSOL® Multiphysics based on a pure Eulerian approach and finally DEFORM 3D based on a pure Lagrangian approach.

Published
2011

24. Creep deformation modeling of a tool steel with a tempered martensitic structure used for extrusion dies

Author

Barbara Reggiani, Lorenzo Donati, Luca Tomesani, Floyd D. McDaniel and Barney L. Doyle, B. Reggiani, L. Donati, and L. Tomesani

Subjects
Materials science, business.product_category, business.industry, Structural engineering, engineering.material, EXTRUSION DIE, TOOL STEEL, FATIGUE, CREEP, Mandrel, Temperature gradient, Creep, Martensite, Tool steel, engineering, Hardening (metallurgy), Die (manufacturing), Extrusion, Composite material, business
Abstract

Aim of an extrusion die is to allow the production of the profile with the required dimension tolerances and quality level. One of the main impediment to achieve this aim could be an excessive die deformation due to the high cyclic loads and temperatures acting on the die during the extrusion process. In order to investigate the mechanisms that influence the die deformation, a physical experiment reproducing the thermo‐mechanical conditions of a die was performed on a martensitic tool steel used for extrusion tools (AISI H11). The design of experiment consisted of 4 levels of temperature, 3 levels of stress and 3 types of load, i.e. pure creep, pure fatigue and creep‐fatigue. In all cases, the same pattern of the mandrel displacement‐time curve was found consisting of 3 stages as those typical of the strain evolution in a standard creep test with a marked primary phase. Thus, with the aim to define an easy‐applicable equation to estimate the die deformation, the time hardening creep law was chosen. In order to obtain the temperature gradient within the specimen coupled thermo‐electric simulations were previously performed. The nodal temperature have been then imported within the structural model and the mechanical properties assigned to the each element as a function of these values. Coefficients of the time‐hardening law were optimized, for each testing condition, on the basis of experimental data starting from values for similar alloys found in literature. The values found were validated against additional experimental data performed with different specimen geometries. A good average agreement was found between experimental and numerical results.

Published
2011

25. Preliminary investigation on creep-fatigue regime in extrusion dies

Author

REGGIANI, BARBARA, DONATI, LORENZO, TOMESANI, LUCA, J. Zhou, U.MENEGHETTI, A.MAGGIORE, B. Reggiani, L. Donati, J. Zhou, and L. Tomesani

Subjects
CREEP-FATIGUE INTERACTION, AISI H11 TOOL STEEL, EXTRUSION DIE, CREEP, FATIGUE
Abstract

Aim of this work was to investigate the effect of process parameters on the creepfatigue behaviour of a hot-work tool steel for aluminium extrusion die. To this aim, a technological test in which the specimen geometry resembled the mandrel of a hollow extrusion die was developed. Tests were performed on a Gleeble thermomechanical simulator by heating up the specimen using joule’s effect and by applying cyclic loading up to 6.30 h or till specimen failure. During the tests performed at 380°C, 490°C, 540°C and 580°C and under the average stresses of 400, 600 and 800 MPa the displacements of the mandrel were determined. A dwell time of 3 min was introduced in the fatigue cycle to simulate the time required to extrude a single billet and to understand the creep behaviour. The results proved the capability of the test to physically simulate the loading conditions acting on hollow dies during extrusion and revealed the main mechanisms of creep-fatigue interaction.

Published
2010

26. The AISI H11 creep-fatigue behaviour: an innovative experimental design

Author

Barbara Reggiani, Donati, L., Tomesani, L., Zhou, J., GRUPPO FRATTURA, FRANCESCA COSMI, FRANCESCO IACOVIELLO, B. Reggiani, L. Donati, J. Zhou, and L. Tomesani

Subjects
DEFORMING MECHANISM, AISI H11, CREEP-FATIGUE REGIME
Abstract

During the hot-extrusion manufacturing process, a number of damage and deformation mechanisms act simultaneously to produce cumulative damage to the tools, thus causing the increasing deviations from the original geometry or the final breaking [1-3]. Due to the severe cyclic thermo-mechanical loads, mandrel, i.e. the part of the hollow die that defines the internal shape of the profile, is the most critical component in the extrusion of an hollow profile. Indeed, the high pressure generated during the process creates severe friction conditions that results in longitudinal tensile stress and significant bending stresses can arise in the bridges of the mandrel during extrusion. In addition to the mechanical cyclic load, the total loading/unloading time for the whole batch and the temperature that the die is exposed to are great enough to necessitate the consideration on the creep behaviour of the die material, particularly for hollow dies. Hence, the combination of dynamic, heavy loading and high temperature determines a hostile working condition for the mandrel that is normally designed on the basis of static loading at elevated temperatures on hot-work tool steels that are tempered to reach an adequate balance of hot hardness and toughness. Premature failure may occur after a certain number of loading and unloading cycles as a result of creep-fatigue interaction. The new technologies developed for aluminium extrusion aim to minimize the tool system-material flow interference and optimize the mechanical performance of the die that is related both to design and tool steel. Aim of the present work is to illustrate the steps followed to design an innovative experimental test purposely developed to investigate the deforming mechanisms of the AISI H11 tool steel in the creep-fatigue regime. The specimens replicate the geometry and the loading scheme of a mandrel on a smaller scale and are manufactured following the same working scheme. In such a way the test is able to account for realistic stress and strain distributions and superficial roughness of a real mandrel as well as to investigate different material and heat treatments.

Published
2010

27. The role of creep and fatigue in determining the high-temperature behaviour of AISI H11 tempered steel for aluminium extrusion dies

Author

J. Zhou, Barbara Reggiani, Lorenzo Donati, Luca Tomesani, B. Reggiani, L. Donati, J. Zhou, and L. Tomesani

Subjects
Materials science, business.product_category, engineering.material, FATIGUE, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, Stress (mechanics), AISI H11 TOOL STEEL, Tempering, Composite material, CREEP–FATIGUE INTERACTION, Metallurgy, Metals and Alloys, Test method, CREEP, EXTRUSION DIE, Computer Science Applications, Mandrel, Creep, Modeling and Simulation, Tool steel, Ceramics and Composites, engineering, Die (manufacturing), Extrusion, business
Abstract

The present study was aimed to analyze the effect of loading cycles on the behaviour of the AISI H11 tool steel commonly used for aluminium extrusion dies working at high temperatures and under high, cyclic stresses. A technological test method in which the specimen geometry resembled the mandrel of a hollow extrusion die was developed. Finite element analyses were performed to aid in determining specimen geometry and dimensions as well as the levels of stress to be applied to the specimen so as to replicate the conditions typically encountered by industrial hollow extrusion dies. Tests were performed on a Gleeble thermomechanical simulator by heating the specimen using Joule's effect and by applying loading for up to 6.30 h or till specimen failure. Displacements during the tests at 380, 490, 540 and 580 °C and under the average stresses of 400, 600 and 800 MPa were determined. The specimens were tested under creep (with the load held at a fixed value), fatigue (cyclic loading) and creep–fatigue (cyclic loading with a 3 min dwell-time) loading, thereby allowing a direct comparison between different deforming mechanisms. The results showed that the test could physically simulate the cyclic loading on the hollow die during aluminium extrusion and that the creep condition represented the most severe working condition. In addition, the tests could reveal the interaction between creep and fatigue mechanisms.

Published
2010

28. Extrusion research activities at the University of Bologna-Italy

Author

DONATI, LORENZO, REGGIANI, BARBARA, SEGATORI, ANTONIO, TOMESANI, LUCA, M. HOSHINO, L. Donati, B. Reggiani, A. Segatori, and L. Tomesani

Subjects
SEAM AND CHARGE WELDS, DIE LIFE, FEM SIMULATIONS, MICROSTRUCTURE
Abstract

A review of the activities recently performed at the University of Bologna in the field of aluminum extrusion is here presented. A brief description on the state of the extrusion industry in Italy is initially drawn with a particular focus on the Extrusion district located in the north of Italy. There, University of Bologna is the Italian reference point for the research activities in the field of extrusion technology, process optimization and products characterization. Four main research directions are actually developed at University of Bologna in cooperation with companies and academia: seam and charge welding, process simulation, die design optimization and microstructural evolution of aluminum alloys during and after hot deformation. The paper summaries each activity with a specific focus on the main results, the applications and the possible developments for each topic.

Published
2010

29. The optimization of parts within complex assemblies

Author

Francesca Cosmi, Barbara Reggiani, Cosmi, Francesca, and B., Reggiani

Subjects
Mathematical optimization, Engineering, Optimization problem, Design, blow-machinery assembly, business.industry, design, multi-goal optimization, carry-mould, finite element modelling, Mechanical Engineering, Probabilistic-based design optimization, Topology optimization, FE modelling, Engineering optimization, Robustness (computer science), Test functions for optimization, Boundary value problem, Minification, business
Abstract

Optimization problems are frequently not straightforward. This is due, among other reasons, to the predefined design constraints and simultaneous target goals that have to be satisfied. In addition, uncontrollable variations can influence the robustness and stability of the design. Moreover, engineers often have to optimize mechanical components that are part of complex assemblies, in which it is difficult to extrapolate and define the boundary conditions to be applied for component optimization. The aim of this work is to present a step-procedure for the multi-goal optimization of components that are integrated in multi-part engineering systems. In order to illustrate the method, optimization of a carry-mould, part of a blowing machinery composed by several components, was used as a test case. Minimization of the carry-mould moment of inertia and the global mass were imposed as the target goals of the optimization process, while the maximum allowable displacement was set for a number of control points. The proposed procedure was capable of a time efficient and cost saving extensive investigation of the optimization design space.

Published
2010

30. EVALUATION OF DIFFERENT FE SIMULATION CODES IN THE STRESS ANALYSIS OF EXTRUSION DIES

Author

Lorenzo Donati, Luca Tomesani, Barbara Reggiani, B. Reggiani, L. Donati, and L. Tomesani

Subjects
Engineering, business.product_category, business.industry, Subroutine, Structural engineering, FE SIMULATION, EXTRUSION, Finite element method, Deflection (engineering), von Mises yield criterion, Die (manufacturing), General Materials Science, Extrusion, DIE STRESS, Boundary value problem, Predictability, business
Abstract

In hot extrusion, die is subjected to complex working conditions as a combination of both high loads and high temperatures. In order to compute the level of damage reached after a fixed number of cycles or the number of cycles to failure, a realistic prediction of the stress entity and distribution is mandatory. In the present work, the comparison of two finite element codes in the predictability of the stress level induced in a die during hot extrusion was presented. The comparison was also supported by experimental investigation. The FE code, DEFORM 3D®, was firstly used to simulate the extrusion process and to predict the force components exerted by the billet on the die. Then, the die stress analysis was performed within the same code. However, only linear tethraedral elements and elastic material model were available. This justified the requirement of a code specifically dedicated to structural analyses in which a wider range of element types and material models could be chosen. Boundary conditions have been transfer between the two FE codes by means of a purposely developed subroutine and the results compared in terms of predicted die deflection and peak Von Mises stress.

Published
2010

31. Multi-goal optimization of a carry-mould

Author

Reggiani, Barbara, Cosmi, Francesca, B., Reggiani, and Cosmi, Francesca

Subjects
Design, blow-machinery assembly, multi-goal optimization, carry-mould, FE modelling, design
Abstract

A common engineering task is the optimization of components that are part of multi-body assemblies, in which it is difficult to extrapolate and define the boundary conditions to be applied for the component optimization. This work presents a procedure for multi-goal optimization of components that are integrated in multipart engineering systems. The efficiency of the procedure is illustrated by means of a test case, a carry-mould that is part of a multi-component blowing machinery. Target goals of the optimization process were the minimization of moment of inertia and of global mass and the maximum allowable displacement in a number of control points.

Published
2009

33. Evaluating the flexural stiffness of compliant hinges made with close-wound helical springs

Author

Barbara Reggiani, Andrea Zucchelli, Gabriele Vassura, Fabrizio Lotti, F. Lotti, A. Zucchelli, B. Reggiani, and G. Vassura

Subjects
Engineering, business.industry, Angular displacement, COMPLIANT MECHANISMS, Hinge, Mechanical engineering, Stiffness, Robotics, Flexural rigidity, Structural engineering, CLOSE-WOUND HELICAL SPRINGS, Finite element method, ROBOTIC HINGE, Deflection (engineering), FLEXURAL STIFFNESS, medicine, Artificial intelligence, NUMERICAL, medicine.symptom, business, Humanoid robot
Abstract

Advantages and problems related to the use of compliant hinges in articulated robotic structures are briefly discussed. A novel kind of elastic joint made with close-wound helical springs is then described. It is capable of large angular displacement so that it can be conveniently applied in manipulation devices like the humanoid robot hand developed at the University of Bologna. The results of this application encourage a systematic investigation on the properties of this kind of joints, not previously described in the literature, aiming at mechanical characterization and definition of design criteria. To this purpose, the paper outlines a general investigation programme, where theoretical models, Finite Elements analysis and experiments jointly contribute to the evaluation of the hinge stiffness and to the identification of influential design parameters. Preliminary results related to evaluation of the stiffness about the principal bending axis are then examined and discussed, comparing the results obtained from experiments with those achieved by means of a simplified mathematical model and the correspondent FE analysis. An auxiliary parameter is finally introduced in order to define a general criterion for the design of spring-based hinges subjected to large deflection.

34. Evaluation of process speed effect in aluminium extrusion by experiment and simulations

Author

Barbara Reggiani, Donati, L., Tomesani, L., THE MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOCIETY, INC., B. Reggiani, L. Donati, and L. Tomesani

Subjects
POCKET GEOMETRY, PROCESS SPEED, EXTRUSION, FE SIMULATION
Abstract

In the first part of the paper, experimental trials performed in the extrusion of 4 L-shaped profiles made by AA6082 aluminium alloy were presented and analyzed in order to investigate the effect of different pockets concepts on process results like extrusion load, profile lengths, die and profile temperature. The trials were performed at 0,5 and 5 mm/sec ram speed thus producing unexpected differences especially in term of profile lengths. Then two FE codes, COMSOL® Multiphysics and DEFORMTM 3D, were applied in the simulation of the problem in order to validate FEM simulations by comparison with the experimental trials. In particular the two codes adopt different formulations for process analysis: eulerian the first updated lagrangian the second, thus producing also an interesting comparison of the solving methods for the prediction of process outputs like loads, final profiles speeds and exit temperatures.

36. Thermal-electric simulations for the temperature setting in a creep-fatigue test

Author

Barbara Reggiani, Donati, L., Tomesani, L., PROF. ROMUALD BEDZINSKI, ANNA NIKODEM, B. Reggiani, L. Donati, and L. Tomesani

Abstract

In a previous works [1] an innovative technological test has been presented developed by this research group. Analytical models available in the literature to describe the material behaviour in the creep-fatigue regime are currently under investigation to be validated against this experimental campaign. Aim of the present work is to present the first step of this investigation in which the thermal distribution of the specimen has been replicated by means of thermo-electrical simulations. Preliminary comparison between experimental and numerical results on the creep behaviour are also presented.

37. From lead management to implanted patient management: systematic review and meta-analysis of the last 15 years of experience in lead extraction.

Author

Diemberger I, Mazzotti A, Giulia MB, Cristian M, Matteo M, Letizia ZM, Reggiani B, Battistini P, and Boriani G

Subjects
Humans, Cardiac Surgical Procedures adverse effects, Cardiac Surgical Procedures instrumentation, Cardiac Surgical Procedures methods, Pacemaker, Artificial
Abstract

Percutaneous lead extraction is considered a safe and effective procedure, although published results derive primarily from cohort studies. The authors performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of the last 15 years' experience in this field, to give an objective evaluation of the efficacy and safety of this procedure. Moreover, the subsequent metaregression analysis enabled the identification of the main factors influencing these results: patient age, presence of leads in situ for more than 1 year, presence of device infection and use of laser sheath. These findings are significant in order to improve our extraction approach, data reporting and future research.

Published
2013
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38. Sensitivity of the primary stability of a cementless hip stem to its position and orientation.

Author

Reggiani B, Cristofolini L, Taddei F, and Viceconti M

Subjects
Aged, Cadaver, Computer Simulation, Female, Finite Element Analysis, Humans, Models, Biological, Prosthesis Design, Prosthesis Failure, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, Torque, Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip, Femur anatomy & histology, Hip Prosthesis
Abstract

Using computed tomography (CT)-based preoperative planning software, we can define with good accuracy the position of a cementless hip stem inside the host bone, but previous studies suggest that the pose the surgeon achieves during freehand surgery may differ from the planned one even by some millimeters. Advances in simulation now make it possible to predict the primary stability of the stem in a given position during the preoperative planning, but is the stability predicted for the planned pose indicative of that we can expect for the achieved pose? The aim of the present study was to verify how this prediction is affected by the differences observed between the planned and the achieved poses. Two finite element models of an implanted femur were generated, one with the stem in the planned pose, and one with the stem in the achieved pose, as defined from postoperative CT scans. When compared to experimental measurements, the model with the achieved position was clearly more accurate (0.6 vs. 12% error over measured peak micromotion); however, the predictions of induced micromotions were different between the two models for less than 13%. It is thus concluded that while the implant position does have an effect on primary stability, the estimate of micromotion we can get from the planned position remains a clinically relevant indicator.

Published
2008
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39. Predicting the subject-specific primary stability of cementless implants during pre-operative planning: preliminary validation of subject-specific finite-element models.

Author

Reggiani B, Cristofolini L, Varini E, and Viceconti M

Subjects
Biomechanical Phenomena, Humans, Models, Biological, Motion, Femur anatomy & histology, Finite Element Analysis, Hip Prosthesis standards, Preoperative Care, Prosthesis Design methods
Abstract

Pre-operative planning help the surgeon in taking the proper clinical decision. The ultimate goal of this work is to develop numerical models that allow the surgeon to estimate the primary stability during the pre-operative planning session. The present study was aimed to validate finite-element (FE) models accounting for patient and prosthetic size and position as planned by the surgeon. For this purpose, the FE model of a cadaveric femur was generated starting from the CT scan and the anatomical position of a cementless stem derived by a skilled surgeon using a pre-operative CT-based planning simulation software. In-vitro experimental measurements were used as benchmark problem to validate the bone-implant relative micromotions predicted by the patient-specific FE model. A maximum torque in internal rotation of 11.4 Nm was applied to the proximal part of the hip stem. The error on the maximum predicted micromotion was 12% of the peak micromotion measured experimentally. The average error over the entire range of applied torques was only 7% of peak measurement. Hence, the present study confirms that it is possible to accurately predict the level of primary stability achieved for cementless stems using numerical models that account for patient specificity and surgical variability.

Published
2007
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40. Finite-element modeling of bones from CT data: sensitivity to geometry and material uncertainties.

Author

Taddei F, Martelli S, Reggiani B, Cristofolini L, and Viceconti M

Subjects
Computer Simulation, Elasticity, Finite Element Analysis, Reproducibility of Results, Sensitivity and Specificity, Stress, Mechanical, Weight-Bearing physiology, Femur diagnostic imaging, Femur physiology, Models, Biological, Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted methods, Tomography, X-Ray Computed methods
Abstract

The aim of this paper is to analyze how the uncertainties in modelling the geometry and the material properties of a human bone affect the predictions of a finite-element model derived from computed tomography (CT) data. A sensitivity analysis, based on a Monte Carlo method, was performed using three femur models generated from in vivo CT datasets, each subjected to two different loading conditions. The geometry, the density and the mechanical properties of the bone tissue were considered as random input variables. Finite-element results typically used in biomechanics research were considered as statistical output variables, and their sensitivity to the inputs variability assessed. The results showed that it is not possible to define a priori the influence of the errors related to the geometry definition process and to the material assignment process on the finite-element analysis results. The errors in the geometric representation of the bone are always the dominant variables for the stresses, as was expected. However, for all the variables, the results seemed to be dependent on the loading condition and to vary from subject to subject. The most interesting result is, however, that using the proposed method to build a finite-element model of a femur from a CT dataset of the quality typically achievable in the clinical practice, the coefficients of variation of the output variables never exceed the 9%. The presented method is hence robust enough to be used for investigating the mechanical behavior of bones with subject-specific finite-element models derived from CT data taken in vivo.

Published
2006
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41. Finite element analysis of a total ankle replacement during the stance phase of gait.

Author

Reggiani B, Leardini A, Corazza F, and Taylor M

Subjects
Humans, Materials Testing methods, Polyethylene, Prosthesis Design, Range of Motion, Articular, Stress, Mechanical, Weight-Bearing, Ankle Joint, Arthroplasty, Replacement, Finite Element Analysis, Gait, Models, Biological, Prostheses and Implants
Abstract

Total ankle replacement (TAR) designs have still several important issues to be addressed before the treatment becomes fully acceptable clinically. Very little is known about the performance, in terms of the contact pressures and kinematics of TAR when subjected to daily activities such as level gait. For this purpose, an explicit finite element model of a novel 3-component TAR was developed, which incorporated a previously validated mechanical model of the ankle ligament apparatus. The intermediate mobile polyethylene meniscal bearing was modelled as an elastic-plastic continuum while the articulating surfaces of the tibial and talar metal components as rigid bodies. Overall kinematics, contact pressures and ligament forces were analysed during passive, i.e. virtually unloaded, and active, i.e. stance phase of gait, conditions. Simulation of passive motion predicted similar kinematics as reported previously in an analytical four-bar linkage model. The meniscal bearing was observed to move 5.6 mm posteriorly during the simulated stance and the corresponding antero-posterior displacement of the talar component was 8.3 mm. The predicted pattern and the amount (10.6 degrees ) of internal-external rotation of the ankle complex were found to be in good agreement with corresponding in vivo measurements on normal ankles. A peak contact pressure of 16.8 MPa was observed, with majority of contact pressures below 10 MPa. For most ligaments, reaction forces remain within corresponding physiological ranges. A first realistic representation of the biomechanical behaviour of the human ankle when replaced by prosthetic joints is provided. The applied methodology can potentially be applied to other TAR designs.

Published
2006
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