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1. Construction and on-site performance of the LHAASO WFCTA camera

Author: F. Aharonian, Q. An, Axikegu, L. X. Bai, Y. X. Bai, Y. W. Bao, D. Bastieri, X. J. Bi, Y. J. Bi, H. Cai, J. T. Cai, Z. Cao, J. Chang, J. F. Chang, X. C. Chang, B. M. Chen, J. Chen, L. Chen, M. J. Chen, M. L. Chen, Q. H. Chen, S. H. Chen, S. Z. Chen, T. L. Chen, X. L. Chen, Y. Chen, N. Cheng, Y. D. Cheng, S. W. Cui, X. H. Cui, Y. D. Cui, B. Z. Dai, H. L. Dai, Z. G. Dai, Danzengluobu, D. della Volpe, B. D’Ettorre Piazzoli, X. J. Dong, J. H. Fan, Y. Z. Fan, Z. X. Fan, J. Fang, K. Fang, C. F. Feng, L. Feng, S. H. Feng, Y. L. Feng, B. Gao, C. D. Gao, Q. Gao, W. Gao, M. M. Ge, L. S. Geng, G. H. Gong, Q. B. Gou, M. H. Gu, J. G. Guo, X. L. Guo, Y. Q. Guo, Y. Y. Guo, Y. A. Han, H. H. He, H. N. He, J. C. He, S. L. He, X. B. He, Y. He, M. Heller, Y. K. Hor, C. Hou, X. Hou, H. B. Hu, S. Hu, S. C. Hu, X. J. Hu, D. H. Huang, Q. L. Huang, W. H. Huang, X. T. Huang, Z. C. Huang, F. Ji, X. L. Ji, H. Y. Jia, K. Jiang, Z. J. Jiang, C. Jin, D. Kuleshov, K. Levochkin, B. B. Li, C. Li, F. Li, H. B. Li, H. C. Li, H. Y. Li, J. Li, K. Li, W. L. Li, X. Li, X. R. Li, Y. Li, Y. Z. Li, Z. Li, E. W. Liang, Y. F. Liang, S. J. Lin, B. Liu, C. Liu, D. Liu, H. Liu, H. D. Liu, J. Liu, J. L. Liu, J. S. Liu, J. Y. Liu, M. Y. Liu, R. Y. Liu, S. M. Liu, W. Liu, Y. N. Liu, Z. X. Liu, W. J. Long, R. Lu, H. K. Lv, B. Q. Ma, L. L. Ma, X. H. Ma, J. R. Mao, A. Masood, W. Mitthumsiri, T. Montaruli, Y. C. Nan, B. Y. Pang, P. Pattarakijwanich, Z. Y. Pei, M. Y. Qi, D. Ruffolo, V. Rulev, A. Sáiz, L. Shao, O. Shchegolev, X. D. Sheng, J. R. Shi, H. C. Song, Yu. V. Stenkin, V. Stepanov, Q. N. Sun, X. N. Sun, Z. B. Sun, P. H. T. Tam, Z. B. Tang, W. W. Tian, B. D. Wang, C. Wang, H. Wang, H. G. Wang, J. C. Wang, J. S. Wang, L. P. Wang, L. Y. Wang, R. N. Wang, W. Wang, X. G. Wang, X. J. Wang, X. Y. Wang, Y. D. Wang, Y. J. Wang, Y. P. Wang, Z. Wang, Z. H. Wang, Z. X. Wang, D. M. Wei, J. J. Wei, Y. J. Wei, T. Wen, C. Y. Wu, H. R. Wu, S. Wu, W. X. Wu, X. F. Wu, S. Q. Xi, J. Xia, J. J. Xia, G. M. Xiang, G. Xiao, H. B. Xiao, G. G. Xin, Y. L. Xin, Y. Xing, D. L. Xu, R. X. Xu, L. Xue, D. H. Yan, C. W. Yang, F. F. Yang, J. Y. Yang, L. L. Yang, M. J. Yang, R. Z. Yang, S. B. Yang, Y. H. Yao, Z. G. Yao, Y. M. Ye, L. Q. Yin, N. Yin, X. H. You, Z. Y. You, Y. H. Yu, Q. Yuan, H. D. Zeng, T. X. Zeng, W. Zeng, Z. K. Zeng, M. Zha, X. X. Zhai, B. B. Zhang, H. M. Zhang, H. Y. Zhang, J. L. Zhang, J. W. Zhang, L. Zhang, L. X. Zhang, P. F. Zhang, P. P. Zhang, R. Zhang, S. R. Zhang, S S. Zhang, X. Zhang, X. P. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Y. F. Zhang, Y. L. Zhang, B. Zhao, J. Zhao, L. Zhao, L. Z. Zhao, S. P. Zhao, F. Zheng, Y. Zheng, B. Zhou, H. Zhou, J. N. Zhou, P. Zhou, R. Zhou, X. X. Zhou, C. G. Zhu, F. R. Zhu, H. Zhu, K. J. Zhu, X. Zuo, and The LHAASO Collaboration
Subjects: Astrophysics, QB460-466, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract: Abstract The focal plane camera is the core component of the Wide Field-of-view Cherenkov/fluorescence Telescope Array (WFCTA) of the Large High-Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO). Because of the capability of working under moonlight without aging, silicon photomultipliers (SiPM) have been proven to be not only an alternative but also an improvement to conventional photomultiplier tubes (PMT) in this application. Eighteen SiPM-based cameras with square light funnels have been built for WFCTA. The telescopes have collected more than 100 million cosmic ray events and preliminary results indicate that these cameras are capable of working under moonlight. The characteristics of the light funnels and SiPMs pose challenges (e.g. dynamic range, dark count rate, assembly techniques). In this paper, we present the design features, manufacturing techniques and performances of these cameras. Finally, the test facilities, the test methods and results of SiPMs in the cameras are reported here.
Published: 2021
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2. Line-of-shower trigger method to lower energy threshold for GRB detection using LHAASO-WCDA

Author: C. F. Feng, Bin Zhou, X. L. Ji, R. Lu, H. B. Xiao, J. R. Shi, W. Zeng, Z. H. Wang, Shengxue Zhang, Pak-Hin Thomas Tam, H. C. Li, Jun Liu, H. Y. Jia, B. D'Ettorre Piazzoli, W. X. Wu, Junjie Mao, Y. Q. Guo, Dong Liu, F. Ji, H. R. Wu, Y. J. Wei, Alejandro Sáiz, Oleg Shchegolev, L. Feng, V. Rulev, L. Xue, Xuliang Chen, Xing-Yuan Hou, D. M. Wei, S. Hu, M. L. Chen, Jianeng Zhou, J. Y. Liu, Warit Mitthumsiri, Y. Zhang, Q. An, Y. He, Q. Gao, Ruizhi Yang, X. N. Sun, H. B. Hu, H. Liu, L. Chen, X. G. Wang, S. Q. Xi, J. Fang, X. H. You, Ping Zhou, Z. C. Huang, Y. Z. Li, P. F. Zhang, C. Y. Wu, Hong-Guang Wang, G. M. Xiang, W. Liu, Yu-Lei Chen, Zihuang Cao, X. C. Chang, Z. K. Zeng, Y. J. Bi, H. D. Liu, Y. D. Cheng, Bo Zhang, Y. Zheng, L. Q. Yin, Duo Yan, F. Zheng, Hao Zhou, X. X. Zhou, Q. Yuan, Hefan Li, J. F. Chang, Z. X. Liu, Felix Aharonian, H. N. He, C. D. Gao, Lei Zhao, Q. H. Chen, Youping Li, Y. M. Ye, B. B. Li, Yongchun Wang, Y. D. Cui, Bai Yibing, L. P. Wang, J. B. Zhao, Y. J. Wang, J. Y. Yang, S. Z. Chen, Yunchao Liu, B. Z. Dai, Rong Xu, Z. X. Fan, Z. Y. You, Z. G. Dai, X. F. Wu, He Zhang, S. H. Feng, S. B. Yang, J. J. Xia, W. Gao, S. L. He, Y. P. Wang, B. M. Chen, Fan Yang, A. Masood, Kun Fang, S.H. Chen, Yugang Zhang, H. Cai, Lang Shao, H. Wang, J.W. Xia, L. Z. Zhao, G. C. Xiao, X. X. Zhai, Y. C. Nan, Shi-Qi Hu, X. J. Bi, Z. Li, R. Liu, E. W. Liang, X. Zuo, M. J. Yang, Y. H. Yao, W. L. Li, L. X. Zhang, H. K. Lv, Xufang Li, B. Y. Pang, Zebo Tang, M. H. Gu, Z. Y. Pei, Xuejiao Li, F. R. Zhu, T. L. Chen, Qie Sun, K. J. Zhu, Ying Zhang, H. M. Zhang, J. Chen, H. L. Dai, Y. L. Xin, T. Wen, S. W. Cui, M. Zha, J. C. He, W. H. Huang, L. X. Bai, Binyu Zhao, Yun-Feng Liang, Jixia Li, X. H. Cui, Xinbo He, K. Jiang, X. J. Hu, J. W. Zhang, Li-Sheng Geng, Wenwu Tian, Z. X. Wang, Xiaofei Zhang, David Ruffolo, Yu. V. Stenkin, C. Hou, Z. B. Sun, Shuibin Lin, Lu Zhang, K. Levochkin, Cheng Guang Zhu, X. D. Sheng, Minghao Qi, Houdun Zeng, Jun-Jie Wei, Jia Zhang, Y. A. Han, H. B. Li, Danzengluobu, Rui Zhang, H. C. Song, Linbin Yang, Y. Z. Fan, J. T. Cai, H. H. He, Y. M. Xing, F. Y. Li, D. H. Huang, H. Zhu, Xiang Zhang, M. M. Ge, J. G. Guo, S. R. Zhang, N. Cheng, L. L. Ma, G. H. Gong, J. S. Wang, Cunguo Wang, Shujuan Liu, N. Yin, Y. H. Yu, W. J. Long, Axikegu, Xuelong Wang, P. P. Zhang, Chunlong Li, Minghui Liu, D. Bastieri, Jinyao Liu, Z. G. Yao, X. H. Ma, M. Heller, K. Li, Z. J. Jiang, J. Liu, R. N. Wang, V. I. Stepanov, Jian Wang, Chiming Jin, D.A. Kuleshov, G. G. Xin, M. J. Chen, S. P. Zhao, Y. Y. Guo, Donglian Xu, X. L. Guo, X. J. Dong, Y. K. Hor, T. Montaruli, Y. L. Feng, W. Wang, P. Pattarakijwanich, S. Wu, B. D. Wang, C. X. Liu, Y. W. Bao, X. T. Huang, R. Zhou, L. Y. Wang, D. della Volpe, C. W. Yang, Jun-Hui Fan, Zujian Wang, Q. B. Gou, Qizhi Huang, B. Liu, Bingshui Gao, Xiang-Yu Wang, Tao Zeng, and Bin Ma
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Cherenkov detector, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Detector, Astrophysics, law.invention, Air shower, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Duty cycle, law, Observatory, Gamma-ray burst, Energy (signal processing), Line (formation)
Abstract: Observation of high energy and very high emission from Gamma Ray Bursts (GRBs) is crucial to study the gigantic explosion and the underline processes. With a large field-of-view and almost full duty cycle, the Water Cherenkov Detector Array (WCDA), a sub-array of the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO), is appropriate to monitor the very high energy emission from unpredictable transients such as GRBs. Nevertheless, the main issue for an extensive air shower array is the high energy threshold which limits the horizon of the detector. To address this issue a new trigger method is developed in this article to lower the energy threshold of WCDA for GRB observation. The proposed method significantly improves the detection efficiency of WCDA for gamma-rays around the GRB direction at 10-300 GeV. The sensitivity of the WCDA for GRB detection with the new trigger method is estimated. The achieved sensitivity of the quarter WCDA array above 10 GeV is comparable with that of Fermi-LAT. The data analysis process and corresponding fluence upper limit for GRB 190719C is presented as an example.
Published: 2021
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3. A dynamic range extension system for LHAASO WCDA-1

Author: F. Aharonian, Q. An, null Axikegu, L. X. Bai, Y. X. Bai, Y. W. Bao, D. Bastieri, X. J. Bi, Y. J. Bi, H. Cai, J. T. Cai, Z. Cao, J. Chang, J. F. Chang, X. C. Chang, B. M. Chen, J. Chen, L. Chen, M. J. Chen, M. L. Chen, Q. H. Chen, S. H. Chen, S. Z. Chen, T. L. Chen, X. L. Chen, Y. Chen, N. Cheng, Y. D. Cheng, S. W. Cui, X. H. Cui, Y. D. Cui, B. Z. Dai, H. L. Dai, Z. G. Dai, null Danzengluobu, D. della Volpe, B. D’Ettorre Piazzoli, X. J. Dong, J. H. Fan, Y. Z. Fan, Z. X. Fan, J. Fang, K. Fang, C. F. Feng, L. Feng, S. H. Feng, Y. L. Feng, B. Gao, C. D. Gao, Q. Gao, W. Gao, M. M. Ge, L. S. Geng, G. H. Gong, Q. B. Gou, M. H. Gu, J. G. Guo, X. L. Guo, Y. Q. Guo, Y. Y. Guo, Y. A. Han, H. H. He, H. N. He, J. C. He, S. L. He, X. B. He, Y. He, M. Heller, Y. K. Hor, C. Hou, X. Hou, H. B. Hu, S. Hu, S. C. Hu, X. J. Hu, D. H. Huang, Q. L. Huang, W. H. Huang, X. T. Huang, Y. Huang, Z. C. Huang, F. Ji, X. L. Ji, H. Y. Jia, K. Jiang, Z. J. Jiang, C. Jin, D. Kuleshov, K. Levochkin, B. B. Li, C. Li, F. Li, H. B. Li, H. C. Li, H. Y. Li, J. Li, K. Li, W. L. Li, X. Li, X. R. Li, Y. Li, Y. Z. Li, Z. Li, E. W. Liang, Y. F. Liang, S. J. Lin, B. Liu, C. Liu, D. Liu, H. Liu, H. D. Liu, J. Liu, J. L. Liu, J. S. Liu, J. Y. Liu, M. Y. Liu, R. Y. Liu, S. M. Liu, W. Liu, Y. N. Liu, Z. X. Liu, W. J. Long, R. Lu, H. K. Lv, B. Q. Ma, L. L. Ma, X. H. Ma, J. R. Mao, A. Masood, W. Mitthumsiri, T. Montaruli, Y. C. Nan, B. Y. Pang, P. Pattarakijwanich, Z. Y. Pei, M. Y. Qi, D. Ruffolo, V. Rulev, A. Sáiz, L. Shao, O. Shchegolev, X. D. Sheng, J. R. Shi, H. C. Song, Yu. V. Stenkin, V. Stepanov, Q. N. Sun, X. N. Sun, Z. B. Sun, P. H. T. Tam, Z. B. Tang, W. W. Tian, B. D. Wang, C. Wang, H. Wang, H. G. Wang, J. C. Wang, J. S. Wang, L. P. Wang, L. Y. Wang, R. N. Wang, W. Wang, X. G. Wang, X. J. Wang, X. Y. Wang, Y. D. Wang, Y. J. Wang, Y. P. Wang, Z. Wang, Z. H. Wang, Z. X. Wang, D. M. Wei, J. J. Wei, Y. J. Wei, T. Wen, C. Y. Wu, H. R. Wu, S. Wu, W. X. Wu, X. F. Wu, S. Q. Xi, J. Xia, J. J. Xia, G. M. Xiang, G. Xiao, H. B. Xiao, G. G. Xin, Y. L. Xin, Y. Xing, D. L. Xu, R. X. Xu, L. Xue, D. H. Yan, C. W. Yang, F. F. Yang, J. Y. Yang, L. L. Yang, M. J. Yang, R. Z. Yang, S. B. Yang, Y. H. Yao, Z. G. Yao, Y. M. Ye, L. Q. Yin, N. Yin, X. H. You, Z. Y. You, Y. H. Yu, Q. Yuan, H. D. Zeng, T. X. Zeng, W. Zeng, Z. K. Zeng, M. Zha, X. X. Zhai, B. B. Zhang, H. M. Zhang, H. Y. Zhang, J. L. Zhang, J. W. Zhang, L. Zhang, L. X. Zhang, P. F. Zhang, P. P. Zhang, R. Zhang, S. R. Zhang, S. S. Zhang, X. Zhang, X. P. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Y. F. Zhang, Y. L. Zhang, B. Zhao, J. Zhao, L. Zhao, L. Z. Zhao, S. P. Zhao, F. Zheng, Y. Zheng, B. Zhou, H. Zhou, J. N. Zhou, P. Zhou, R. Zhou, X. X. Zhou, C. G. Zhu, F. R. Zhu, H. Zhu, K. J. Zhu, and X. Zuo
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Dynamic range, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Cosmic ray, Extension (predicate logic), Measure (mathematics), Effective nuclear charge, Nuclear physics, Air shower, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Orders of magnitude (time), Energy (signal processing)
Abstract: The main scientific goal of LHAASO-WCDA is to survey gamma-ray sources with energy from 100 GeV to 30 TeV. To observe high-energy shower events, especially to measure the energy spectrum of cosmic rays from 100 TeV to 10 PeV, a dynamic range extension system (WCDA++) is designed to use a 1.5-inch PMT with a dynamic range of four orders of magnitude for each cell in WCDA-1. The dynamic range is extended by using these PMTs to measure the effective charge density in the core region of air shower events, which is an important parameter for identifying the composition of primary particles. The system has been running for more than one year. In this paper, the details of the design and performance of WCDA++ are presented.
Published: 2021
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4. Constraints on heavy decaying dark matter from 570 days of LHAASO observations

Author: Zhen, Cao, F, Aharonian, Q, An, Axikegu, L X, Bai, Y X, Bai, Y W, Bao, D, Bastieri, X J, Bi, Y J, Bi, J T, Cai, Zhe, Cao, J, Chang, J F, Chang, E S, Chen, Liang, Chen, Long, Chen, M J, Chen, M L, Chen, Q H, Chen, S H, Chen, S Z, Chen, T L, Chen, Y, Chen, H L, Cheng, N, Cheng, Y D, Cheng, S W, Cui, X H, Cui, Y D, Cui, B, D'Ettorre Piazzoli, B Z, Dai, H L, Dai, Z G, Dai, Danzengluobu, D, Della Volpe, K K, Duan, J H, Fan, Y Z, Fan, Z X, Fan, J, Fang, K, Fang, C F, Feng, L, Feng, S H, Feng, X T, Feng, Y L, Feng, B, Gao, C D, Gao, L Q, Gao, Q, Gao, W, Gao, W K, Gao, M M, Ge, L S, Geng, G H, Gong, Q B, Gou, M H, Gu, F L, Guo, J G, Guo, X L, Guo, Y Q, Guo, Y Y, Guo, Y A, Han, H H, He, H N, He, S L, He, X B, He, Y, He, M, Heller, Y K, Hor, C, Hou, X, Hou, H B, Hu, Q, Hu, S, Hu, S C, Hu, X J, Hu, D H, Huang, W H, Huang, X T, Huang, X Y, Huang, Y, Huang, Z C, Huang, X L, Ji, H Y, Jia, K, Jia, K, Jiang, Z J, Jiang, M, Jin, M M, Kang, T, Ke, D, Kuleshov, K, Levochkin, B B, Li, Cheng, Li, Cong, Li, F, Li, H B, Li, H C, Li, H Y, Li, J, Li, Jian, Li, Jie, Li, K, Li, W L, Li, X R, Li, Xin, Li, Y Z, Li, Zhe, Li, Zhuo, Li, E W, Liang, Y F, Liang, S J, Lin, B, Liu, C, Liu, D, Liu, H, Liu, H D, Liu, J, Liu, J L, Liu, J S, Liu, J Y, Liu, M Y, Liu, R Y, Liu, S M, Liu, W, Liu, Y, Liu, Y N, Liu, W J, Long, R, Lu, Q, Luo, H K, Lv, B Q, Ma, L L, Ma, X H, Ma, J R, Mao, A, Masood, Z, Min, W, Mitthumsiri, Y C, Nan, Z W, Ou, B Y, Pang, P, Pattarakijwanich, Z Y, Pei, M Y, Qi, Y Q, Qi, B Q, Qiao, J J, Qin, D, Ruffolo, A, Sáiz, C Y, Shao, L, Shao, O, Shchegolev, X D, Sheng, J Y, Shi, H C, Song, Yu V, Stenkin, V, Stepanov, Y, Su, Q N, Sun, X N, Sun, Z B, Sun, P H T, Tam, Z B, Tang, W W, Tian, B D, Wang, C, Wang, H, Wang, H G, Wang, J C, Wang, J S, Wang, L P, Wang, L Y, Wang, R, Wang, R N, Wang, W, Wang, X G, Wang, X Y, Wang, Y, Wang, Y D, Wang, Y J, Wang, Y P, Wang, Z H, Wang, Z X, Wang, Zhen, Wang, Zheng, Wang, D M, Wei, J J, Wei, Y J, Wei, T, Wen, C Y, Wu, H R, Wu, S, Wu, X F, Wu, Y S, Wu, S Q, Xi, J, Xia, J J, Xia, G M, Xiang, D X, Xiao, G, Xiao, G G, Xin, Y L, Xin, Y, Xing, Z, Xiong, D L, Xu, R X, Xu, L, Xue, D H, Yan, J Z, Yan, C W, Yang, F F, Yang, H W, Yang, J Y, Yang, L L, Yang, M J, Yang, R Z, Yang, S B, Yang, Y H, Yao, Z G, Yao, Y M, Ye, L Q, Yin, N, Yin, X H, You, Z Y, You, Y H, Yu, Q, Yuan, H, Yue, H D, Zeng, T X, Zeng, W, Zeng, Z K, Zeng, M, Zha, X X, Zhai, B B, Zhang, F, Zhang, H M, Zhang, H Y, Zhang, J L, Zhang, L X, Zhang, Li, Zhang, Lu, Zhang, P F, Zhang, P P, Zhang, R, Zhang, S B, Zhang, S R, Zhang, S S, Zhang, X, Zhang, X P, Zhang, Y F, Zhang, Y L, Zhang, Yi, Zhang, Yong, Zhang, B, Zhao, J, Zhao, L, Zhao, L Z, Zhao, S P, Zhao, F, Zheng, Y, Zheng, B, Zhou, H, Zhou, J N, Zhou, P, Zhou, R, Zhou, X X, Zhou, C G, Zhu, F R, Zhu, H, Zhu, K J, Zhu, X, Zuo, S, Ando, M, Chianese, D F G, Fiorillo, G, Miele, K C Y, Ng, and GRAPPA (ITFA, IoP, FNWI)
Subjects: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), General Physics and Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: The kilometer square array (KM2A) of the large high altitude air shower observatory (LHAASO) aims at surveying the northern γ-ray sky at energies above 10 TeV with unprecedented sensitivity. γ-ray observations have long been one of the most powerful tools for dark matter searches, as, e.g., high-energy γ rays could be produced by the decays of heavy dark matter particles. In this Letter, we present the first dark matter analysis with LHAASO-KM2A, using the first 340 days of data from 1/2-KM2A and 230 days of data from 3/4-KM2A. Several regions of interest are used to search for a signal and account for the residual cosmic-ray background after γ/hadron separation. We find no excess of dark matter signals, and thus place some of the strongest γ-ray constraints on the lifetime of heavy dark matter particles with mass between 105 and 109 GeV. Our results with LHAASO are robust, and have important implications for dark matter interpretations of the diffuse astrophysical high-energy neutrino emission.
Published: 2022

5. Discovery of a new $\gamma$-ray source LHAASO J0341+5258 with emission up to 200TeV

Author: Zhengguo Cao, L. Feng, Xufang Li, Zebo Tang, Jun-Jie Wei, C. Y. Wu, Jia Zhang, L. X. Bai, Yi Zhang, H. K. Lv, Jixia Li, L. L. Yang, Z. X. Wang, M. Zha, Y. M. Ye, X. H. Ma, L. P. Wang, X. G. Wang, Donglian Xu, X. L. Guo, Y. A. Han, Binyu Zhao, Yun-Feng Liang, Houdun Zeng, Zhe Li, Y. Su, B. Z. Dai, Z. G. Dai, Jinmei Liu, B. D'Ettorre Piazzoli, Z. G. Yao, Y. Zheng, W. X. Wu, M. L. Chen, Jianeng Zhou, Hefan Li, W. Wang, P. Pattarakijwanich, Rong Xu, J. J. Xia, X. X. Zhai, J. Fang, F. R. Zhu, Qie Sun, Yi Chen, H. B. Li, G. M. Xiang, W. Liu, B. Y. Pang, S. Wu, X. L. Ji, R. Lu, K. Li, Y. J. Bi, H. D. Liu, Y. D. Cheng, Bo Zhang, L. Q. Yin, Hanzhong Zhang, C. X. Liu, D. della Volpe, Y. D. Cui, Kun Fang, Yugang Zhang, E. W. Liang, Ping Zhou, Z. J. Jiang, Y. J. Wei, J. Liu, Yong Zhang, Duo Yan, Yu. V. Stenkin, S. L. He, Y. P. Wang, Z. X. Liu, D. H. Huang, R. N. Wang, S. M. Liu, F. Ji, V. Rulev, Y. Z. Li, H. H. He, H. Zhu, C. Hou, Zheng Wang, B. Q. Ma, Y. C. Nan, L. Xue, Jun Liu, Lu Zhang, H. Y. Jia, D. M. Wei, V. I. Stepanov, E. S. Chen, Sina Chen, K. J. Zhu, Y. Q. Qi, Fulai Guo, J. Y. Shi, Minghui Liu, Yi Liu, J. B. Zhao, H. Wang, X. F. Wu, Zhen Wang, Z. X. Fan, Z. Y. You, Shi-Qi Hu, J. Y. Yang, N. Cheng, Z. K. Zeng, C. D. Gao, X. H. You, Long Gao, H. C. Song, Lei Zhao, D.A. Kuleshov, X. X. Zhou, Q. Yuan, B. M. Chen, Ruizhi Yang, X. N. Sun, Shengxue Zhang, Danzengluobu, J. F. Chang, S. P. Zhao, H. Liu, J.W. Xia, W. Gao, G. C. Xiao, Felix Aharonian, Xinbo He, K. Jiang, Pak-Hin Thomas Tam, H. C. Li, Y. Wang, Y. Z. Fan, Dong Liu, Y. W. Bao, P. F. Zhang, X. J. Bi, H. N. He, T. L. Chen, L. Z. Zhao, X. J. Hu, R. Zhou, Ying Zhang, Oleg Shchegolev, Junjie Mao, Y. Q. Guo, F. Y. Li, K. Levochkin, J. T. Cai, X. D. Sheng, Cong Li, X. Zuo, B. B. Li, Long Chen, Yunchao Liu, H. L. Dai, T. Wen, S. W. Cui, S. Z. Chen, David Ruffolo, Y. M. Xing, H. R. Wu, Liang Chen, Xiang-Kun Dong, S. Hu, J. Y. Liu, X. Y. Huang, P. P. Zhang, X. H. Cui, Minghao Qi, Z. B. Sun, Y. Bai, Z. Y. Pei, Cheng Guang Zhu, Yuan-Hao Wang, Zhuo Li, Warit Mitthumsiri, H. M. Zhang, Q. An, Y. H. Yao, W. H. Huang, H. Zhou, W. J. Long, Binbin Zhou, Li-Sheng Geng, R. Liu, Xiang Zhang, J. G. Guo, J. W. Zhang, S. R. Zhang, Wenwu Tian, L. L. Ma, Q. Gao, C. F. Feng, Jiangang He, J. S. Wang, Cunguo Wang, Y. L. Xin, Z. C. Huang, H. B. Hu, N. Yin, B. Q. Qiao, Xin Li, Cheng Li, Jiajun Qin, M. H. Gu, Boyang Wang, Rui Zhang, H. B. Xiao, W. Zeng, L. X. Zhang, S. H. Feng, M. M. Ge, Axikegu, Yonggang Wang, M. J. Chen, Zhao-Qi Wang, Y. Y. Guo, Li Zhang, G. H. Gong, Zhe Cao, Y. K. Hor, Y. H. Yu, T. Montaruli, Jian Wang, Chiming Jin, Z. Min, Xuelong Wang, G. G. Xin, Kai-Kai Duan, D. Bastieri, Y. L. Feng, T. Ke, S. J. Lin, X. T. Huang, L. Y. Wang, B. Liu, Jingzhi Yan, Bingshui Gao, Xiang-Yu Wang, Yulong Li, Tao Zeng, Xuliang Chen, Y. He, C. W. Yang, Jun-Hui Fan, Q. B. Gou, W. L. Li, D. X. Xiao, Qizhi Huang, J. Chen, Xiao-Hu Zhang, H. Cai, M. J. Yang, S. Q. Xi, Hong-Guang Wang, Alejandro Sáiz, Q. H. Chen, S. B. Yang, Fan Yang, A. Masood, F. Zheng, Lang Shao, and M. Heller
Subjects: Physics, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Hadron, Gamma ray, Flux, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Galactic plane, Crab Nebula, Pulsar, Space and Planetary Science, Angular diameter, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Supernova remnant, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics
Abstract: We report the discovery of a new unidentified extended $\gamma$-ray source in the Galactic plane named LHAASO J0341+5258 with a pre-trial significance of 8.2 standard deviations above 25 TeV. The best fit position is R.A.$=55.34^{\circ}\pm0.11^{\circ}$ and Dec$=52.97^{\circ}\pm0.07^{\circ}$. The angular size of LHAASO J0341+5258 is $0.29^\circ \pm 0.06^\circ_{stat} \pm0.02^\circ_{sys}$. The flux above 25 TeV is about $20\%$ of the flux of Crab Nebula. Although a power-law fit of the spectrum from 10 TeV to 200 TeV with the photon index $\alpha=2.98 \pm 0.19_{stat} \pm 0.02_{sys}$ is not excluded, the LHAASO data together with the flux upper limit at 10 GeV set by the Fermi LAT observation, indicate a noticeable steepening of an initially hard power-law spectrum %($\alpha \leq 1.75$) spectrum with a cutoff at $\approx 50$ TeV. We briefly discuss the origin of UHE gamma-rays. The lack of an energetic pulsar and a young SNR inside or in the vicinity of LHAASO J0341+5258 challenge, but do not exclude both the leptonic and hadronic scenarios of gamma-ray production., Comment: Accepted by APJL
Published: 2021

6. Extended Very-High-Energy Gamma-Ray Emission Surrounding PSR J0622+3749 Observed by LHAASO-KM2A

Author: F, Aharonian, Q, An, Axikegu, L X, Bai, Y X, Bai, Y W, Bao, D, Bastieri, X J, Bi, Y J, Bi, H, Cai, J T, Cai, Z, Cao, J, Chang, J F, Chang, X C, Chang, B M, Chen, J, Chen, L, Chen, M J, Chen, M L, Chen, Q H, Chen, S H, Chen, S Z, Chen, T L, Chen, X L, Chen, Y, Chen, N, Cheng, Y D, Cheng, S W, Cui, X H, Cui, Y D, Cui, B Z, Dai, H L, Dai, Z G, Dai, Danzengluobu, D, Della Volpe, B, D'Ettorre Piazzoli, X J, Dong, J H, Fan, Y Z, Fan, Z X, Fan, J, Fang, K, Fang, C F, Feng, L, Feng, S H, Feng, Y L, Feng, B, Gao, C D, Gao, Q, Gao, W, Gao, M M, Ge, L S, Geng, G H, Gong, Q B, Gou, M H, Gu, J G, Guo, X L, Guo, Y Q, Guo, Y Y, Guo, Y A, Han, H H, He, H N, He, J C, He, S L, He, X B, He, Y, He, M, Heller, Y K, Hor, C, Hou, X, Hou, H B, Hu, S, Hu, S C, Hu, X J, Hu, D H, Huang, Q L, Huang, W H, Huang, X T, Huang, Z C, Huang, F, Ji, X L, Ji, H Y, Jia, K, Jiang, Z J, Jiang, C, Jin, D, Kuleshov, K, Levochkin, B B, Li, C, Li, F, Li, H B, Li, H C, Li, H Y, Li, J, Li, K, Li, W L, Li, X, Li, X R, Li, Y, Li, Y Z, Li, Z, Li, E W, Liang, Y F, Liang, S J, Lin, B, Liu, C, Liu, D, Liu, H, Liu, H D, Liu, J, Liu, J L, Liu, J S, Liu, J Y, Liu, M Y, Liu, R Y, Liu, S M, Liu, W, Liu, Y N, Liu, Z X, Liu, W J, Long, R, Lu, H K, Lv, B Q, Ma, L L, Ma, X H, Ma, J R, Mao, A, Masood, W, Mitthumsiri, T, Montaruli, Y C, Nan, B Y, Pang, P, Pattarakijwanich, Z Y, Pei, M Y, Qi, D, Ruffolo, V, Rulev, A, Sáiz, L, Shao, O, Shchegolev, X D, Sheng, J R, Shi, H C, Song, Yu V, Stenkin, V, Stepanov, Q N, Sun, X N, Sun, Z B, Sun, P H T, Tam, Z B, Tang, W W, Tian, B D, Wang, C, Wang, H, Wang, H G, Wang, J C, Wang, J S, Wang, L P, Wang, L Y, Wang, R N, Wang, W, Wang, X G, Wang, X J, Wang, X Y, Wang, Y D, Wang, Y J, Wang, Y P, Wang, Z, Wang, Z H, Wang, Z X, Wang, D M, Wei, J J, Wei, Y J, Wei, T, Wen, C Y, Wu, H R, Wu, S, Wu, W X, Wu, X F, Wu, S Q, Xi, J, Xia, J J, Xia, G M, Xiang, G, Xiao, H B, Xiao, G G, Xin, Y L, Xin, Y, Xing, D L, Xu, R X, Xu, L, Xue, D H, Yan, C W, Yang, F F, Yang, J Y, Yang, L L, Yang, M J, Yang, R Z, Yang, S B, Yang, Y H, Yao, Z G, Yao, Y M, Ye, L Q, Yin, N, Yin, X H, You, Z Y, You, Y H, Yu, Q, Yuan, H D, Zeng, T X, Zeng, W, Zeng, Z K, Zeng, M, Zha, X X, Zhai, B B, Zhang, H M, Zhang, H Y, Zhang, J L, Zhang, J W, Zhang, L, Zhang, L X, Zhang, P F, Zhang, P P, Zhang, R, Zhang, S R, Zhang, S S, Zhang, X, Zhang, X P, Zhang, Y, Zhang, Y F, Zhang, Y L, Zhang, B, Zhao, J, Zhao, L, Zhao, L Z, Zhao, S P, Zhao, F, Zheng, Y, Zheng, B, Zhou, H, Zhou, J N, Zhou, P, Zhou, R, Zhou, X X, Zhou, C G, Zhu, F R, Zhu, H, Zhu, K J, Zhu, X, Zuo, and X Y, Huang
Abstract: We report the discovery of an extended very-high-energy (VHE) gamma-ray source around the location of the middle-aged (207.8 kyr) pulsar PSR J0622+3749 with the Large High-Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO). The source is detected with a significance of 8.2σ for E25 TeV assuming a Gaussian template. The best-fit location is (right ascension, declination) =(95.47°±0.11°,37.92°±0.09°), and the extension is 0.40°±0.07°. The energy spectrum can be described by a power-law spectrum with an index of -2.92±0.17_{stat}±0.02_{sys}. No clear extended multiwavelength counterpart of the LHAASO source has been found from the radio to sub-TeV bands. The LHAASO observations are consistent with the scenario that VHE electrons escaped from the pulsar, diffused in the interstellar medium, and scattered the interstellar radiation field. If interpreted as the pulsar halo scenario, the diffusion coefficient, inferred for electrons with median energies of ∼160 TeV, is consistent with those obtained from the extended halos around Geminga and Monogem and much smaller than that derived from cosmic ray secondaries. The LHAASO discovery of this source thus likely enriches the class of so-called pulsar halos and confirms that high-energy particles generally diffuse very slowly in the disturbed medium around pulsars.
Published: 2021

7. Discovery of the Ultra-high energy gamma-ray source LHAASO J2108+5157

Author: Zhen Cao, F. Aharonian, Q. An, null Axikegu, L. X. Bai, Y. X. Bai, Y. W. Bao, D. Bastieri, X. J. Bi, Y. J. Bi, H. Cai, J. T. Cai, Zhe Cao, J. Chang, J. F. Chang, B. M. Chen, E. S. Chen, J. Chen, Liang Chen, Long Chen, M. J. Chen, M. L. Chen, Q. H. Chen, S. H. Chen, S. Z. Chen, T. L. Chen, X. L. Chen, Y. Chen, N. Cheng, Y. D. Cheng, S. W. Cui, X. H. Cui, Y. D. Cui, B. D’Ettorre Piazzoli, B. Z. Dai, H. L. Dai, Z. G. Dai, Dan-Zeng Dan-Zeng-Luo-Bu, D. della Volpe, X. J. Dong, K. K. Duan, J. H. Fan, Y. Z. Fan, Z. X. Fan, J. Fang, K. Fang, C. F. Feng, L. Feng, S. H. Feng, Y. L. Feng, B. Gao, C. D. Gao, L. Q. Gao, Q. Gao, W. Gao, M. M. Ge, L. S. Geng, G. H. Gong, Q. B. Gou, M. H. Gu, F. L. Guo, J. G. Guo, X. L. Guo, Y. Q. Guo, Y. Y. Guo, Y. A. Han, H. H. He, H. N. He, J. C. He, S. L. He, X. B. He, Y. He, M. Heller, Y. K. Hor, C. Hou, H. B. Hu, S. Hu, S. C. Hu, X. J. Hu, D. H. Huang, Q. L. Huang, W. H. Huang, X. T. Huang, X. Y. Huang, Z. C. Huang, F. Ji, X. L. Ji, H. Y. Jia, K. Jiang, Z. J. Jiang, C. Jin, T. Ke, D. Kuleshov, K. Levochkin, B. B. Li, Cheng Li, Cong Li, F. Li, H. B. Li, H. C. Li, H. Y. Li, J. Li, K. Li, W. L. Li, X. R. Li, Xin Li, Y. Li, Y. Z. Li, Zhe Li, Zhuo Li, E. W. Liang, Y. F. Liang, S. J. Lin, B. Liu, C. Liu, D. Liu, H. Liu, H. D. Liu, J. Liu, J. L. Liu, J. S. Liu, J. Y. Liu, M. Y. Liu, R. Y. Liu, S. M. Liu, W. Liu, Y. Liu, Y. N. Liu, Z. X. Liu, W. J. Long, R. Lu, H. K. Lv, B. Q. Ma, L. L. Ma, X. H. Ma, J. R. Mao, A. Masood, Z. Min, W. Mitthumsiri, T. Montaruli, Y. C. Nan, B. Y. Pang, P. Pattarakijwanich, Z. Y. Pei, M. Y. Qi, Y. Q. Qi, B. Q. Qiao, J. J. Qin, D. Ruffolo, V. Rulev, A. Sáiz, L. Shao, O. Shchegolev, X. D. Sheng, J. Y. Shi, H. C. Song, Yu. V. Stenkin, V. Stepanov, Y. Su, Q. N. Sun, X. N. Sun, Z. B. Sun, P. H. T. Tam, Z. B. Tang, W. W. Tian, B. D. Wang, C. Wang, H. Wang, H. G. Wang, J. C. Wang, J. S. Wang, L. P. Wang, L. Y. Wang, R. N. Wang, W. Wang, X. G. Wang, X. J. Wang, X. Y. Wang, Y. Wang, Y. D. Wang, Y. J. Wang, Y. P. Wang, Z. H. Wang, Z. X. Wang, Zhen Wang, Zheng Wang, D. M. Wei, J. J. Wei, Y. J. Wei, T. Wen, C. Y. Wu, H. R. Wu, S. Wu, W. X. Wu, X. F. Wu, S. Q. Xi, J. Xia, J. J. Xia, G. M. Xiang, D. X. Xiao, G. Xiao, H. B. Xiao, G. G. Xin, Y. L. Xin, Y. Xing, D. L. Xu, R. X. Xu, L. Xue, D. H. Yan, J. Z. Yan, C. W. Yang, F. F. Yang, J. Y. Yang, L. L. Yang, M. J. Yang, R. Z. Yang, S. B. Yang, Y. H. Yao, Z. G. Yao, Y. M. Ye, L. Q. Yin, N. Yin, X. H. You, Z. Y. You, Y. H. Yu, Q. Yuan, H. D. Zeng, T. X. Zeng, W. Zeng, Z. K. Zeng, M. Zha, X. X. Zhai, B. B. Zhang, H. M. Zhang, H. Y. Zhang, J. L. Zhang, J. W. Zhang, L. X. Zhang, Li Zhang, Lu Zhang, P. F. Zhang, P. P. Zhang, R. Zhang, S. R. Zhang, S. S. Zhang, X. Zhang, X. P. Zhang, Y. F. Zhang, Y. L. Zhang, Yi Zhang, Yong Zhang, B. Zhao, J. Zhao, L. Zhao, L. Z. Zhao, S. P. Zhao, F. Zheng, Y. Zheng, B. Zhou, H. Zhou, J. N. Zhou, P. Zhou, R. Zhou, X. X. Zhou, C. G. Zhu, F. R. Zhu, H. Zhu, K. J. Zhu, and X. Zuo
Subjects: Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Molecular cloud, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Hadron, Gamma ray, Flux, Sigma, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Gamma-ray astronomy, Space and Planetary Science, Energy spectrum, Ultrahigh energy, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: We report the discovery of a UHE gamma-ray source, LHAASO J2108+5157, by analyzing the LHAASO-KM2A data of 308.33 live days. Significant excess of gamma-ray induced showers is observed in both energy bands of 25-100 TeV and $\gt$100 TeV with 9.5 sigma and 8.5 sigma, respectively. This source is not significantly favored as an extensive source with the angular extension smaller than the point-spread function of KM2A. The measured energy spectrum from 20 to 200 TeV can be approximately described by a power-law function with an index of -2.83$\pm$ 0.18stat. A harder spectrum is demanded at lower energies considering the flux upper limit set by Fermi-LAT observations. The position of the gamma-ray emission is correlated with a giant molecular cloud, which favors a hadronic origin. No obvious counterparts have been found, deeper multiwavelength observations will help to shed new light on this intriguing UHE source., Comment: 12 pages, 7 figures, accepted by ApJL
Published: 2021
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8. Prospects for a Multi-TeV Gamma-ray Sky Survey with the LHAASO Water Cherenkov Detector Array

Author: Guoqing Xiao, Bo Gao, Yu-Hua Yao, B. Q. Qiao, E. W. Liang, X. G. Wang, Yong Zhang, X. C. Chang, X. H. Cui, S. Wu, F. Y. Li, M. M. Ge, H. L. Dai, L. X. Bai, Z. G. Yao, Lei Zhao, Chang Jin, L. Chen, J. W. Zhao, H. D. Liu, Duo Yan, BZ Zhao, Z. X. Liu, Y. C. Nan, H. B. Li, H. K. Lv, B. D'Ettorre Piazzoli, W. X. Wu, Xiao-Yang Zhang, Y. D. Cheng, Z. H. Wang, F. R. Zhu, Y. Wang, M. Zha, P. Zhou, Yi Chen, C. X. Liu, Xufang Li, Yinong Liu, Jun-Jie Wei, Y. Y. Guo, R. Y. Liu, X. F. Wu, L. Zhang, X. J. Wang, H. M. Zhang, V. Rulev, Xiao-Hu Zhang, Y. Yu, C. Y. Wu, Zhe Cao, W. H. Huang, Guanghua Gong, Li-Sheng Geng, B. M. Chen, L. Xue, B. Liu, L. L. Yang, D. H. Huang, Y. A. Han, B. B. Zhang, D. M. Wei, Y. D. Cui, S. R. Zhang, Ziyi Wang, Zhengguo Cao, X. L. Ji, R. Lu, Jianrong Zhou, M. J. Yang, Z. Y. Pei, Y. M. Ye, S. P. Chao, H. C. Li, Jun He, Qiang Yuan, G. M. Xiang, Z. J. Jiang, Jiaxing Li, V. Alekseenko, J. F. Chang, Danzengluobu, H. Y. Jia, J. Chen, Zebo Tang, P. Pattarakijwanich, J. S. Liu, H. Y. Zhang, J. R. Mao, Wang Yanfang, H. Wang, D. Bastieri, Liang-Liang Wang, Jie Zhang, Teresa Montaruli, Cong Li, Y. Li, K. Levochkin, X. J. Bi, T. X. Zeng, Chao-Peng Wang, J. W. Zhang, S. Z. Chen, H. Liu, X. D. Sheng, Yu. V. Stenkin, C. Hou, H. Zhu, Z. K. Zeng, P. P. Zhang, P. F. Zhang, Wenwu Tian, W. J. Long, Lanqing Ma, G. G. Xin, S. H. Feng, X. Y. Wang, X. Zuo, J. C. Wang, W. H. Wang, R. Zhou, N. Yin, H. B. Hu, C. F. Feng, S. M. Liu, X. T. Huang, Yi Zhang, N. Cheng, Cheng Li, Ying Zhang, Hong-Jie Li, H. Li, Y. Zheng, M. L. Chen, Axikegu, S. B. Yang, S. W. Cui, F. Ji, J. H. Fan, Y. Z. Fan, Bo-Qiang Ma, C. W. Yang, L. Feng, Z. G. Dai, L. Z. Zhao, L. Q. Yin, Wang Yingjie, Wei Liu, Zujian Wang, Z. Li, W. Zeng, Shengxue Zhang, Q. B. Gou, Huihai He, M. H. Gu, J. Fang, X. L. Chen, H. G. Wang, O. Shchegolev, S. L. He, K. Jiang, F. Zheng, T. L. Chen, W. Gao, T. Wen, L. Shao, Yucheng Feng, M. Y. Qi, X. X. Zhou, Yiwei Wang, Felix Aharonian, K. Li, Y. F. Liang, Ruizhi Yang, Y. W. Bao, David Ruffolo, Z. Y. You, S. Hu, J. Y. Liu, Ming Chen, Warit Mitthumsiri, V. Stepanov, Q. An, Q. Gao, K. J. Zhu, Z. B. Sun, P. H. T. Tam, Y. Q. Guo, H. R. Wu, B. Z. Dai, D. Liu, M. Heller, Sina Chen, H. D. Zeng, X. H. You, Renxin Xu, C. G. Zhu, Minghui Liu, X. H. Ma, Y. He, J. R. Shi, Yuan-Ming Xing, F. F. Yang, X. X. Li, W. L. Li, Q. H. Chen, D. della Volpe, Huang Qiyan, A. Masood, H. Cai, and Alejandro Sáiz
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Active galactic nucleus, Cherenkov detector, media_common.quotation_subject, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, High Energy Physics - Experiment, law.invention, Hochenergie-Astrophysik Theorie - Abteilung Hinton, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Observatory, law, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, Instrumentation, media_common, Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Order (ring theory), Astronomy and Astrophysics, Projection (relational algebra), Air shower, Sky, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Energy (signal processing)
Abstract: The Water Cherenkov Detector Array (WCDA) is a major component of the Large High Altitude Air Shower Array Observatory (LHAASO), a new generation cosmic-ray experiment with unprecedented sensitivity, currently under construction. The WCDA is aimed at the study of TeV $\gamma$-rays. In order to evaluate the prospects of searching for TeV $\gamma$-ray sources with the WCDA, we present in this paper a projection for the one-year sensitivity of the WCDA to TeV $\gamma$-ray sources from TeVCat (footnote: http://tevcat.uchicago.edu) using an all-sky approach. Out of 128 TeVCat sources observable to the WCDA up to a zenith angle of $45^\circ$, we estimate that 42 would be detectable for one year of observations at a median energy of 1 TeV. Most of them are Galactic sources, and the extragalactic sources are Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN)., Comment: 10 pages,10 figures, it is to be published in Chinese Physics C
Published: 2020
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9. Corrigendum to 'Performance test of the electromagnetic particle detectors for the LHAASO experiment' [Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A 1001 (2021) 165193]

Author: F. Aharonian, Q. An, null Axikegu, L.X. Bai, Y.X. Bai, Y.W. Bao, D. Bastieri, X.J. Bi, Y.J. Bi, H. Cai, J.T. Cai, Z. Cao, J. Chang, J.F. Chang, X.C. Chang, B.M. Chen, J. Chen, L. Chen, M.J. Chen, M.L. Chen, Q.H. Chen, S.H. Chen, S.Z. Chen, T.L. Chen, X.L. Chen, Y. Chen, N. Cheng, Y.D. Cheng, S.W. Cui, X.H. Cui, Y.D. Cui, B.Z. Dai, H.L. Dai, Z.G. Dai, null Danzengluobu, D. della Volpe, B. D’Ettorre Piazzoli, X.J. Dong, J.H. Fan, Y.Z. Fan, Z.X. Fan, J. Fang, K. Fang, C.F. Feng, L. Feng, S.H. Feng, Y.L. Feng, B. Gao, C.D. Gao, Q. Gao, W. Gao, M.M. Ge, L.S. Geng, G.H. Gong, Q.B. Gou, M.H. Gu, J.G. Guo, X.L. Guo, Y.Q. Guo, Y.Y. Guo, Y.A. Han, H.H. He, H.N. He, J.C. He, S.L. He, X.B. He, Y. He, M. Heller, Y.K. Hor, C. Hou, X. Hou, H.B. Hu, S. Hu, S.C. Hu, X.J. Hu, D.H. Huang, Q.L. Huang, W.H. Huang, X.T. Huang, Z.C. Huang, F. Ji, X.L. Ji, H.Y. Jia, K. Jia, K. Jiang, Z.J. Jiang, C. Jin, D. Kuleshov, K. Levochkin, B. Li, B.B. Li, C. Li, F. Li, H. Li, H.B. Li, H.C. Li, H.Y. Li, J. Li, K. Li, W.L. Li, X. Li, X.R. Li, Y. Li, Y.Z. Li, Z. Li, E.W. Liang, Y.F. Liang, S.J. Lin, B. Liu, C. Liu, D. Liu, H. Liu, H.D. Liu, J. Liu, J.L. Liu, J.S. Liu, J.Y. Liu, M.Y. Liu, R.Y. Liu, S.M. Liu, W. Liu, Y.N. Liu, Z.X. Liu, W.J. Long, R. Lu, H.K. Lv, B.Q. Ma, L.L. Ma, X.H. Ma, J.R. Mao, A. Masood, W. Mitthumsiri, T. Montaruli, Y.C. Nan, B.Y. Pang, P. Pattarakijwanich, Z.Y. Pei, M.Y. Qi, D. Ruffolo, V. Rulev, A. Sáiz, L. Shao, O. Shchegolev, X.D. Sheng, J.R. Shi, H.C. Song, Yu.V. Stenkin, V. Stepanov, Q.N. Sun, X.N. Sun, Z.B. Sun, P.H. T. Tam, Z.B. Tang, W.W. Tian, B.D. Wang, C. Wang, H. Wang, H.G. Wang, J.C. Wang, J.S. Wang, L.P. Wang, L.Y. Wang, R.N. Wang, W. Wang, X.G. Wang, X.J. Wang, X.Y. Wang, Y.D. Wang, Y.J. Wang, Y.P. Wang, Z. Wang, Z.H. Wang, Z.X. Wang, D.M. Wei, J.J. Wei, Y.J. Wei, T. Wen, C.Y. Wu, H.R. Wu, S. Wu, W.X. Wu, X.F. Wu, S.Q. Xi, J. Xia, J.J. Xia, G.M. Xiang, G. Xiao, H.B. Xiao, G.G. Xin, Y.L. Xin, Y. Xing, D.L. Xu, R.X. Xu, L. Xue, D.H. Yan, C.W. Yang, F.F. Yang, J.Y. Yang, L.L. Yang, M.J. Yang, R.Z. Yang, S.B. Yang, Y.H. Yao, Z.G. Yao, Y.M. Ye, L.Q. Yin, N. Yin, X.H. You, Z.Y. You, Y.H. Yu, Q. Yuan, H.D. Zeng, T.X. Zeng, W. Zeng, Z.K. Zeng, M. Zha, X.X. Zhai, B.B. Zhang, H.M. Zhang, H.Y. Zhang, J.L. Zhang, J.W. Zhang, L. Zhang, L.X. Zhang, P.F. Zhang, P.P. Zhang, R. Zhang, S.R. Zhang, S.S. Zhang, X. Zhang, X.P. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Y.F. Zhang, Y.L. Zhang, B. Zhao, J. Zhao, L. Zhao, L.Z. Zhao, S.P. Zhao, X. Zhao, F. Zheng, Y. Zheng, B. Zhou, H. Zhou, J.N. Zhou, P. Zhou, R. Zhou, X.X. Zhou, C.G. Zhu, F.R. Zhu, H. Zhu, K.J. Zhu, and X. Zuo
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Detector, Particle, Instrumentation
Published: 2022
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10. Absolute calibration of LHAASO WFCTA camera based on LED

Author: W. J. Long, Rong Xu, Cong Li, J. J. Xia, Houdun Zeng, Axikegu, Yongchun Wang, H. H. He, Xufang Li, X. X. Zhai, Y. D. Cui, L. Feng, H. B. Li, F. R. Zhu, Qie Sun, Yi Chen, F. Y. Li, C. F. Feng, D. H. Huang, Bin Zhou, J. Y. Shi, V. I. Stepanov, H. Zhu, Jun-Jie Wei, L. Z. Zhao, F. Ji, M. Zha, Jia Zhang, Y. H. Yao, Yi Zhang, B. Q. Qiao, Rui Zhang, Linbin Yang, Zhengguo Cao, M. L. Chen, Jianeng Zhou, Jian Wang, Chiming Jin, Zhe Cao, M. M. Ge, X. Zuo, Xuliang Chen, D.A. Kuleshov, Hong-Guang Wang, Y. He, Xiang-Yu Wang, E. S. Chen, Y. A. Han, N. Cheng, J. Fang, S. Hu, J. Y. Liu, G. M. Xiang, H. C. Song, S. P. Zhao, Zebo Tang, H. B. Xiao, W. Liu, L. X. Bai, Binyu Zhao, Yun-Feng Liang, Tao Zeng, Jixia Li, W. Zeng, Bin Ma, Donglian Xu, Z. Min, Xuelong Wang, Xiaofei Zhang, X. L. Guo, X. J. Dong, Hefan Li, S. H. Feng, Q. H. Chen, G. G. Xin, Warit Mitthumsiri, Kai-Kai Duan, Ying Zhang, P. F. Zhang, Z. X. Wang, H.Y. Gan, T. Wen, S. W. Cui, K. Levochkin, Hao Zhou, W. Wang, P. Pattarakijwanich, Kun Fang, D. M. Wei, H. Cai, S. Wu, Sina Chen, X. D. Sheng, Minghao Qi, C. X. Liu, Y. L. Feng, D. Bastieri, Q. An, B. Y. Pang, B. Liu, B. D. Wang, T. Ke, S. B. Yang, Bai Yibing, Lidan Gao, Y. W. Bao, Y. C. Nan, S. Z. Chen, Zhe Li, Shi-Qi Hu, X. H. You, H. B. Hu, H. Liu, X. T. Huang, J. C. He, Bingshui Gao, R. Zhou, L. Y. Wang, Z. H. Wang, Li Zhang, Z. G. Dai, M. J. Yang, Fan Yang, A. Masood, David Ruffolo, C. W. Yang, Q. Gao, Jun Liu, Z. K. Zeng, C. D. Gao, Lei Zhao, Z. C. Huang, B. B. Li, G. H. Gong, Lang Shao, M. J. Chen, Y. J. Wang, H. M. Zhang, D. della Volpe, He Zhang, Jianguo Qin, Y. J. Bi, Jun-Hui Fan, H. D. Liu, W. H. Huang, Y. D. Cheng, Z. B. Sun, Bo Zhang, Duo Yan, Z. X. Liu, Ruizhi Yang, X. N. Sun, Li-Sheng Geng, S. L. He, W. L. Li, Y. P. Wang, Y. H. Yu, Z. G. Yao, D. X. Xiao, J.W. Xia, X. G. Wang, H. L. Dai, Y. Y. Guo, Danzengluobu, Y. Q. Qi, H. Wang, W. Gao, Yi Liu, J. B. Zhao, Y. K. Hor, J. Chen, Zheng Wang, Q. B. Gou, L. P. Wang, Qizhi Huang, T. L. Chen, X. F. Wu, X. L. Ji, R. Lu, Cheng Guang Zhu, Zhuo Li, T. Montaruli, S. Q. Xi, Zhen Wang, Y.T. Fu, G. C. Xiao, Y. Z. Fan, X. H. Cui, Z. Y. Pei, B. D'Ettorre Piazzoli, W. X. Wu, H. Y. Jia, Y. Wang, B. Z. Dai, Alejandro Sáiz, Youping Li, J. T. Cai, R. Liu, Long Chen, Y. J. Wei, Fengqin Guo, J. F. Chang, V. Rulev, L. Xue, Liang Chen, Y. L. Xin, Yugang Zhang, Xinbo He, K. Jiang, X. J. Bi, X. J. Hu, Y. Zheng, L. Q. Yin, X. Y. Huang, J. W. Zhang, P. P. Zhang, Wenwu Tian, Pak-Hin Thomas Tam, H. C. Li, Z. X. Fan, Z. Y. You, J. Y. Yang, Ping Zhou, Junjie Mao, Y. Z. Li, F. Zheng, Y. Q. Guo, H. R. Wu, B. M. Chen, X. X. Zhou, Q. Yuan, Felix Aharonian, H. N. He, M. Heller, K. Li, L. L. Ma, Yu. V. Stenkin, Z. J. Jiang, J. Liu, Yong Zhang, R. N. Wang, C. Hou, Shuibin Lin, S. M. Liu, Lu Zhang, J. S. Wang, Cunguo Wang, E. W. Liang, N. Yin, K. J. Zhu, Minghui Liu, Shengxue Zhang, Cheng Li, Dong Liu, Jinyao Liu, C. Y. Wu, Y. M. Ye, Yunchao Liu, Y. M. Xing, H. K. Lv, X. H. Ma, Xiang Zhang, Y. Su, J. G. Guo, S. R. Zhang, M. H. Gu, L. X. Zhang, Jiawei Yan, Xin Li, and Oleg Shchegolev
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Photon, business.industry, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Cosmic ray, Metrology, law.invention, Telescope, Air shower, Silicon photomultiplier, Optics, law, Calibration, business, Instrumentation, Cherenkov radiation
Abstract: The main scientific goal of the LHAASO WFCTA experiment is to measure the cosmic ray energy spectra and composition from 10 TeV to 1 EeV. Cherenkov photons in the extensive air shower measured by the SiPM camera of Cherenkov telescopes can be used to reconstruct the cosmic ray energy. The absolute calibration of the camera is a crucial step to achieve the accurate measurement of the cosmic ray energy spectrum. A multi-wavelength cylindrical illuminator based on LEDs is developed and mounted inside the telescope to calibrate and monitor the camera, and the illuminator’s stability is better than 0.5% under the temperature variation from -26 to 26 ° C. A portable probe with a single photoelectron resolution of 21.6% is developed. After calibration by National Institute of Metrology, China (NIM), the probe is taken to the LHAASO site to measure the absolute photon density of the cylindrical illuminator inside the telescope. Based on the illuminator with known photon density, the photon conversion factor of the camera can be calibrated, and the overall calibration uncertainty is less than 2.6%.
Published: 2022
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11. Intrinsic linearity of bakelite Resistive Plate Chambers operated in streamer mode

Author: M. Iacovacci, L. L. Ma, X. H. Ma, Hongbo Hu, X. Y. Zhang, Minghui Liu, L. Perrone, Zihuang Cao, P. Creti, Haifeng Li, R. Santonico, Yicheng Guo, J. B. Zhao, P. Salvini, A. Budano, Chang-Chun Ning, Cunfeng Feng, Zhaoyang Feng, Fudong Shi, Z. G. Yao, C. Y. Wu, B. D'Ettorre Piazzoli, H. Lu, F. R. Zhu, S. Mastroianni, Danzengluobu, G. Di Sciascio, I. De Mitri, S. M. Mari, X. C. Yang, Piero Vallania, T. L. Chen, Zhaxiciren, G. Liguori, L. Xue, Paolo Camarri, Zhenyong Feng, B. Bartoli, C. X. Liu, H. W. Wang, Zhaxisangzhu, J. K. K. Liu, H. Y. Jia, Longzhou Zhang, Q. Q. Zhu, M. Zha, X. J. Bi, M. Panareo, G. Mancarella, S. W. Cui, S. Z. Chen, T. Di Girolamo, H. R. Wu, B. Z. Dai, F. Ruggieri, P. Branchini, Q. B. Gou, A. F. Yuan, Labaciren, Q. Y. Yang, G. Zizzi, H. H. He, Y. H. Tan, A. D'Amone, X. D. Sheng, Paolo Bernardini, Paolo Montini, R. Iuppa, R. Cardarelli, G. Marsella, S. Vernetto, Pengnian Shen, S. Catalanotti, P. Pistilli, H. M. Zhang, X. X. Zhou, A. Surdo, Carlo Vigorito, Haibing Hu, Y. Zhang, D. Martello, Bartoli B., Bernardini P., Bi X. J., Branchini P., Budano A., Camarri P., Cao Z., Cardarelli R., Catalanotti S., Chen S. Z., Chen T. L., Creti P., Cui S. W., Dai B. Z., D'Amone A., Danzengluobu, De Mitri I., D'Ettorre Piazzoli B., Di Girolamo T., Di Sciascio G., Feng C. F., Feng Z., Gou Q. B., Guo Y. Q., He H. H., Hu H., Iacovacci M., Iuppa R., Jia H. Y., Labaciren, Li H. J., Liguori G., Liu C., Liu J., Liu M. Y., Lu H., Ma L. L., Ma X. H., Mancarella G., Mari S. M., Marsella G., Martello D., Mastroianni S., Montini P., Ning C. C., Panareo M., Perrone L., Pistilli P., Ruggieri F., Salvini P., Santonico R., Shen P. R., Sheng X. D., Shi F., Surdo A., Tan Y. H., Vallania P., Vernetto S., Vigorito C., Wang H., Wu C. Y., Wu H. R., Xue L., Yang Q. Y., Yang X. C., Yao Z. G., Yuan A. F., Zha M., Zhang H. M., Zhang L., Zhang X. Y., Zhang Y., Zhao J., Zhaxiciren Zhaxisangzhu, Zhou X. X., Zhu F. R., Zhu Q. Q., Zizzi G., Bartoli, B., Bernardini, P., Bi, X. J., Branchini, P., Budano, A., Camarri, P., Cao, Z., Cardarelli, R., Catalanotti, S., Chen, S. Z., Chen, T. L., Creti, P., Cui, S. W., Dai, B. Z., D'Amone, A., De Mitri, I., D'Ettorre Piazzoli, B., Di Girolamo, T., Di Sciascio, G., Feng, C. F., Feng, Z., Gou, Q. B., Guo, Y. Q., He, H. H., Hu, H., Iacovacci, M., Iuppa, R., Jia, H. Y., Li, H. J., Liguori, G., Liu, C., Liu, J., Liu, M. Y., Lu, H., Ma, L. L., Ma, X. H., Mancarella, G., Mari, S. M., Marsella, G., Martello, D., Mastroianni, S., Montini, P., Ning, C. C., Panareo, M., Perrone, L., Pistilli, P., Ruggieri, F., Salvini, P., Santonico, R., Shen, P. R., Sheng, X. D., Shi, F., Surdo, A., Tan, Y. H., Vallania, P., Vernetto, S., Vigorito, C., Wang, H., Wu, C. Y., Wu, H. R., Xue, L., Yang, Q. Y., Yang, X. C., Yao, Z. G., Yuan, A. F., Zha, M., Zhang, H. M., Zhang, L., Zhang, X. Y., Zhang, Y., Zhao, J., Zhaxiciren, Zhaxisangzhu, Zhou, X. X., Zhu, F. R., Zhu, Q. Q., Zizzi, G., D’Amone, A., Danzengluobu, Null, D’Ettorre Piazzoli, B., Feng, Zhaoyang, Feng, Zhenyong, Hu, Haibing, Hu, Hongbo, Labaciren, Null, Zhaxiciren, Null, and Zhaxisangzhu, Null
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Intrinsic linearity, Streamer mode, Cosmic ray, Calorimetry, 01 natural sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Optics, 0103 physical sciences, Bakelite, Particle density, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Instrumentation, Physics, Resistive touchscreen, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Detector, Settore FIS/01 - Fisica Sperimentale, Linearity, RPC detector, Streamer mode, Intrinsic linearity, Calorimetry, chemistry, Particle, Physics::Accelerator Physics, RPC detector, business, Beam (structure)
Abstract: Resistive Plate Chambers have largely been used in High Energy Physics and Cosmic Ray research. In view of using this detector for calorimetry applications it is important to know the maximum measurable particle density, or its intrinsic linearity limit, which is tightly related to the dimension of the discharge region. In this paper we report the results of measurements performed at the Beam Test Facility (INFN National Laboratory of Frascati, Italy) where the intrinsic linearity of bakelite RPCs operated in streamer mode has been tested at different impinging particle densities.
Published: 2019

12. Performance of LHAASO-WCDA and observation of the Crab Nebula as a standard candle *

Author: F. Aharonian, Q. An, 克古 Axikegu, L.X. Bai, Y.X. Bai, Y.W. Bao, D. Bastieri, X.J. Bi, Y.J. Bi, H. Cai, J.T. Cai, Z. Cao, J. Chang, J.F. Chang, X.C. Chang, B.M. Chen, J. Chen, L. Chen, M.J. Chen, M.L. Chen, Q.H. Chen, S.H. Chen, S.Z. Chen, T.L. Chen, X.L. Chen, Y. Chen, N. Cheng, Y.D. Cheng, S.W. Cui, X.H. Cui, Y.D. Cui, B.Z. Dai, H.L. Dai, Z.G. Dai, 罗布 Danzengluobu, D. della Volpe, B. D'Ettorre Piazzoli, X.J. Dong, J.H. Fan, Y.Z. Fan, Z.X. Fan, J. Fang, K. Fang, C.F. Feng, L. Feng, S.H. Feng, Y.L. Feng, B. Gao, C.D. Gao, Q. Gao, W. Gao, M.M. Ge, L.S. Geng, G.H. Gong, Q.B. Gou, M.H. Gu, J.G. Guo, X.L. Guo, Y.Q. Guo, Y.Y. Guo, Y.A. Han, H.H. He, H.N. He, J.C. He, S.L. He, X.B. He, Y. He, M. Heller, Y.K. Hor, C. Hou, X. Hou, H.B. Hu, S. Hu, S.C. Hu, X.J. Hu, D.H. Huang, Q.L. Huang, W.H. Huang, X.T. Huang, Z.C. Huang, F. Ji, X.L. Ji, H.Y. Jia, K. Jiang, Z.J. Jiang, C. Jin, D. Kuleshov, K. Levochkin, B.B. Li, C. Li, F. Li, H.B. Li, H.C. Li, H.Y. Li, J. Li, K. Li, W.L. Li, X. Li, X.R. Li, Y. Li, Y.Z. Li, Z. Li, E.W. Liang, Y.F. Liang, S.J. Lin, B. Liu, C. Liu, D. Liu, H. Liu, H.D. Liu, J. Liu, J.L. Liu, J.S. Liu, J.Y. Liu, M.Y. Liu, R.Y. Liu, S.M. Liu, W. Liu, Y.N. Liu, Z.X. Liu, W.J. Long, R. Lu, H.K. Lv, B.Q. Ma, L.L. Ma, X.H. Ma, J.R. Mao, A. Masood, W. Mitthumsiri, T. Montaruli, Y.C. Nan, B.Y. Pang, P. Pattarakijwanich, Z.Y. Pei, M.Y. Qi, B.Q. Qiao, D. Ruffolo, V. Rulev, A. Sáiz, L. Shao, O. Shchegolev, X.D. Sheng, J.R. Shi, H.C. Song, Yu.V. Stenkin, V. Stepanov, Q.N. Sun, X.N. Sun, Z.B. Sun, P.H.T. Tam, Z.B. Tang, W.W. Tian, B.D. Wang, C. Wang, H. Wang, H.G. Wang, J.C. Wang, J.S. Wang, L.P. Wang, L.Y. Wang, R.N. Wang, W. Wang, X.G. Wang, X.J. Wang, X.Y. Wang, Y.D. Wang, Y.J. Wang, Y.P. Wang, Z. Wang, Z.H. Wang, Z.X. Wang, D.M. Wei, J.J. Wei, Y.J. Wei, T. Wen, C.Y. Wu, H.R. Wu, S. Wu, W.X. Wu, X.F. Wu, S.Q. Xi, J. Xia, J.J. Xia, G.M. Xiang, G. Xiao, H.B. Xiao, G.G. Xin, Y.L. Xin, Y. Xing, D.L. Xu, R.X. Xu, L. Xue, D.H. Yan, C.W. Yang, F.F. Yang, J.Y. Yang, L.L. Yang, M.J. Yang, R.Z. Yang, S.B. Yang, Y.H. Yao, Z.G. Yao, Y.M. Ye, L.Q. Yin, N. Yin, X.H. You, Z.Y. You, Y.H. Yu, Q. Yuan, H.D. Zeng, T.X. Zeng, W. Zeng, Z.K. Zeng, M. Zha, X.X. Zhai, B.B. Zhang, H.M. Zhang, H.Y. Zhang, J.L. Zhang, J.W. Zhang, L. Zhang, L.X. Zhang, P.F. Zhang, P.P. Zhang, R. Zhang, S.R. Zhang, S.S. Zhang, X. Zhang, X.P. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Y.F. Zhang, Y.L. Zhang, B. Zhao, J. Zhao, L. Zhao, L.Z. Zhao, S.P. Zhao, F. Zheng, Y. Zheng, B. Zhou, H. Zhou, J.N. Zhou, P. Zhou, R. Zhou, X.X. Zhou, C.G. Zhu, F.R. Zhu, H. Zhu, K.J. Zhu, X. Zuo, and (The LHAASO Collaboration)
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Cherenkov detector, Point source, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Cosmic distance ladder, Gamma ray, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Crab Nebula, law, 0103 physical sciences, Spectral energy distribution, Angular resolution, 010306 general physics, Instrumentation
Abstract: The first Water Cherenkov detector of the LHAASO experiment (WCDA-1) has been operating since April 2019. The data for the first year have been analyzed to test its performance by observing the Crab Nebula as a standard candle. The WCDA-1 achieves a sensitivity of 65 mCU per year, with a statistical threshold of 5 . To accomplish this, a 97.7% cosmic-ray background rejection rate around 1 TeV and 99.8% around 6 TeV with an approximate photon acceptance of 50% is achieved after applying an algorithm to separate gamma-induced showers. The angular resolution is measured using the Crab Nebula as a point source to be approximately 0.45° at 1 TeV and better than 0.2° above 6 TeV, with a pointing accuracy better than 0.05°. These values all match the design specifications. The energy resolution is found to be 33% for gamma rays around 6 TeV. The spectral energy distribution of the Crab Nebula in the range from 500 GeV to 15.8 TeV is measured and found to be in agreement with the results from other TeV gamma ray observatories.
Published: 2021
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13. Absolute-energy-scale calibration of ARGO-YBJ for light primaries in multi-TeV region with the Moon shadow observation

Author: X. C. Yang, H. H. He, T. Di Girolamo, Zhenyong Feng, H. Y. Jia, B. D'Ettorre Piazzoli, L. Xue, Hong-peng Lu, P. Pistilli, H. M. Zhang, X. X. Zhou, M. Iacovacci, M. Zha, Labaciren, X. D. Sheng, S. M. Mari, J. K. K. Liu, A. Surdo, Paolo Bernardini, L. L. Ma, Haibing Hu, Longzhou Zhang, H. W. Wang, J. B. Zhao, P. Salvini, Chang-Chun Ning, C. X. Liu, H. J. Li, H. R. Wu, Zhaoyang Feng, G. Marsella, X. J. Bi, Y. Zhang, Z. G. Yao, G. Mancarella, Zhaxisangzhu, C. Y. Wu, B. Bartoli, S. Z. Chen, L. Perrone, R. Santonico, G. Di Sciascio, Y. H. Tan, Fudong Shi, B. Z. Dai, S. Mastroianni, Carlo Vigorito, Zhaxiciren, F. R. Zhu, Danzengluobu, Y. Q. Guo, Q. Q. Zhu, I. De Mitri, Q. B. Gou, Zihuang Cao, Piero Vallania, T. L. Chen, A. F. Yuan, Pengnian Shen, S. Catalanotti, S. W. Cui, Hongbo Hu, C. F. Feng, P. Montini, X. H. Ma, X. Y. Zhang, Minghui Liu, R. Iuppa, S. Vernetto, A. D'Amone, Q. Y. Yang, Bartoli, B., Bernardini, P., Bi, X. J., Cao, Z., Catalanotti, S., Chen, S. Z., Chen, T. L., Cui, S. W., Dai, B. Z., D'Amone, A., Danzengluobu, Null, De Mitri, I., D'Ettorre Piazzoli, B., Di Girolamo, T., Di Sciascio, G., Feng, C. F., Feng, Zhaoyang, Feng, Zhenyong, Gou, Q. B., Guo, Y. Q., He, H. H., Hu, Haibing, Hu, Hongbo, Iacovacci, M., Iuppa, R., Jia, H. Y., Labaciren, Null, Li, H. J., Liu, C., Liu, J., Liu, M. Y., Lu, H., Ma, L. L., Ma, X. H., Mancarella, G., Mari, Stefano Maria, Marsella, G., Mastroianni, S., Montini, Paolo, Ning, C. C., Perrone, L., Pistilli, Pio, Salvini, P., Santonico, R., Shen, P. R., Sheng, X. D., Shi, F., Surdo, A., Tan, Y. H., Vallania, P., Vernetto, S., Vigorito, C., Wang, H., Wu, C. Y., Wu, H. R., Xue, L., Yang, Q. Y., Yang, X. C., Yao, Z. G., Yuan, A. F., Zha, M, Zhang, H. M., Zhang, L., Zhang, X. Y., Zhang, Y., Zhao, J., Zhaxiciren, Null, Zhaxisangzhu, Null, Zhou, X. X., Zhu, F. R., Zhu, Q. Q., Bernardini, Paolo, D'Amone, Antonio, DE MITRI, Ivan, D’Ettorre Piazzoli, B., Mancarella, Giovanni, Mari, S. M., Marsella, Giovanni, Montini, P., Perrone, Lorenzo, Pistilli, P., Zha, M., and collaboration), (The ARGO YBJ
Subjects: Cosmic ray, Energy calibration, Energy spectrum, Moon shadow, Physics, Large Hadron Collider, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Hadron, Moon shadow, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Cosmic ray, Interaction model, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Scale error, Energy calibration, Energy spectrum, Rigidity (electromagnetism), 0103 physical sciences, Ultra-high-energy cosmic ray, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Argo
Abstract: In 2011 ARGO-YBJ experiment has reported a work to study the absolute rigidity scale of the primary cosmic ray particles based on the Moon's shadow observation. Given the progress in high energy hadronic interaction models with LHC data, in cosmic ray chemical composition measurement and in experimental data accumulation, more updates can be researched. This paper aims to further disentangle the composition dependence in absolute-energy-scale calibration by using specific moon-shadow data which mainly is comprised of light component cosmic rays. Results show that, 17% energy scale error is estimated from 3 TeV to 50 TeV. To validate the performance of this technique, the light component cosmic ray spectrum in the same energy region is shown. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Published: 2017
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14. Search for Gamma-Ray Emission from the Sun during Solar Minimum with the ARGO-YBJ Experiment

Author: C. Y. Wu, Labaciren, Q. Y. Yang, P. Montini, X. H. Ma, C. C. Ning, Haifeng Li, C. Q. Liu, Q. B. Gou, Q. Q. Zhu, L. Zhang, T. L. Chen, Danzengluobu, C. Vigorito, P. Bernardini, R. Santonico, Zhaxisangzhu, Hongbo Hu, Yicheng Guo, A. Surdo, Y. H. Tan, P. R. Shen, X. C. Yang, H. Y. Jia, H. R. Wu, S. Catalanotti, B. Z. Dai, J. Zhao, Huihai He, Zhaoyang Feng, F. R. Zhu, P. Pistilli, H. M. Zhang, H. Lu, Minghui Liu, G. Di Sciascio, X. Y. Zhang, Zihou Li, G. Mancarella, I. De Mitri, T. Di Girolamo, Zhaxiciren, Xiangdong Sheng, R. Iuppa, S. W. Cui, A. F. Yuan, S. Vernetto, S. Z. Chen, A. D'Amone, Cunfeng Feng, H. Wang, S. Mastroianni, Y. J. Zhang, Haibing Hu, B. Bartoli, X. J. Bi, L. Perrone, J. K. K. Liu, L. L. Ma, W. Gao, M. Zha, Zhenyong Feng, X. X. Zhou, P. Vallania, B. D'Ettorre Piazzoli, L. Xue, Z. G. Yao, M. Iacovacci, Zhengguo Cao, F. Shi, P. Salvini, G. Marsella, S. M. Mari, Bartoli B., Bernardini P., Bi X. J., Cao Z., Catalanotti S., Chen S. Z., Chen T. L., Cui S. W., Dai B. Z., D'Amone A., Danzengluobu, Mitri I. D., Piazzoli B. D., Girolamo T. D., Sciascio G. D., Feng C. F., Feng Z., Gao W., Gou Q. B., Guo Y. Q., He H. H., Hu H., Iacovacci M., Iuppa R., Jia H. Y., Labaciren, Li H. J., Li Z., Liu C., Liu J., Liu M. Y., Lu H., Ma L. L., Ma X. H., Mancarella G., Mari S. M., Marsella G., Mastroianni S., Montini P., Ning C. C., Perrone L., Pistilli P., Salvini P., Santonico R., Shen P. R., Sheng X. D., Shi F., Surdo A., Tan Y. H., Vallania P., Vernetto S., Vigorito C., Wang H., Wu C. Y., Wu H. R., Xue L., Yang Q. Y., Yang X. C., Yao Z. G., Yuan A. F., Zha M., Zhang H. M., Zhang L., Zhang X. Y., Zhang Y., Zhao J., Zhaxiciren Zhaxisangzhu, Zhou X. X., Zhu F. R., Zhu Q. Q., Bartoli, B., Bernardini, P., Bi, X. J., Cao, Z., Catalanotti, S., Chen, S. Z., Chen, T. L., Cui, S. W., Dai, B. Z., D'Amone, A., Mitri, I. D., Piazzoli, B. D., Girolamo, T. D., Sciascio, G. D., Feng, C. F., Feng, Z., Gao, W., Gou, Q. B., Guo, Y. Q., He, H. H., Hu, H., Iacovacci, M., Iuppa, R., Jia, H. Y., Li, H. J., Li, Z., Liu, C., Liu, J., Liu, M. Y., Lu, H., Ma, L. L., Ma, X. H., Mancarella, G., Mari, S. M., Marsella, G., Mastroianni, S., Montini, P., Ning, C. C., Perrone, L., Pistilli, P., Salvini, P., Santonico, R., Shen, P. R., Sheng, X. D., Shi, F., Surdo, A., Tan, Y. H., Vallania, P., Vernetto, S., Vigorito, C., Wang, H., Wu, C. Y., Wu, H. R., Xue, L., Yang, Q. Y., Yang, X. C., Yao, Z. G., Yuan, A. F., Zha, M., Zhang, H. M., Zhang, L., Zhang, X. Y., Zhang, Y., Zhao, J., Zhaxiciren, Zhaxisangzhu, Zhou, X. X., Zhu, F. R., Zhu, Q. Q., D’Amone, A., Danzengluobu, Null, Mitri, I. De, Piazzoli, B. D’Ettorre, Di Girolamo, T., Sciascio, G. Di, Feng, Zhaoyang, Feng, Zhenyong, Hu, Haibing, Hu, Hongbo, Labaciren, Null, Zhaxiciren, Null, and Zhaxisangzhu, Null
Subjects: Solar minimum, Sun: general, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, astroparticle physics, cosmic rays, gamma rays: general, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Atmosphere, 0103 physical sciences, general [Sun], 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Argo, cosmic ray, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Astroparticle physics, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Settore FIS/01 - Fisica Sperimentale, Gamma ray, Astronomy, astroparticle physic, Astronomy and Astrophysics, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, general [gamma rays]
Abstract: The hadronic interaction of cosmic rays with solar atmosphere can produce high energy gamma-rays. The gamma-ray luminosity is correlated both with the flux of primary cosmic rays and the intensity of the solar magnetic field. The gamma-rays below 200 GeV have been observed by Fermi without any evident energy cutoff. The bright gamma-ray flux above 100 GeV has been detected only during solar minimum. The only available data in the TeV range come from the HAWC observations, however, outside the solar minimum. The ARGO-YBJ data set has been used to search for sub-TeV/TeV gamma-rays from the Sun during the solar minimum from 2008 to 2010, the same time period covered by the Fermi data. A suitable model containing the Sun shadow, solar disk emission, and inverse-Compton emission has been developed, and the chi-square minimization method was used to quantitatively estimate the disk gamma-ray signal. The result shows that no significant gamma-ray signal is detected and upper limits to the gamma-ray flux at 0.3-7 TeV are set at the 95% confidence level. In the low energy range these limits are consistent with the extrapolation of the Fermi-LAT measurements taken during solar minimum and are compatible with a softening of the gamma-ray spectrum below 1 TeV. They also provide an experimental upper bound to any solar disk emission at TeV energies. Models of dark matter annihilation via long-lived mediators predicting gamma-ray fluxes >10-7 GeV cm-2 s-1 below 1 TeV are ruled out by the ARGO-YBJ limits.
Published: 2019

15. Geometrical reconstruction of fluorescence events observed by the LHAASO experiment *

Author: F. Aharonian, Q. An, null Axikegu, L. X. Bai, Y. X. Bai, Y. W. Bao, D. Bastieri, X. J. Bi, Y. J. Bi, H. Cai, J. T. Cai, Z. Cao, J. Chang, J. F. Chang, X. C. Chang, B. M. Chen, J. Chen, L. Chen, M. J. Chen, M. L. Chen, Q. H. Chen, S. H. Chen, S. Z. Chen, T. L. Chen, X. L. Chen, Y. Chen, N. Cheng, Y. D. Cheng, S. W. Cui, X. H. Cui, Y. D. Cui, B. Z. Dai, H. L. Dai, Z. G. Dai, null Danzengluobu, D. della Volpe, B. D'Ettorre Piazzoli, X. J. Dong, J. H. Fan, Y. Z. Fan, Z. X. Fan, J. Fang, K. Fang, C. F. Feng, L. Feng, S. H. Feng, Y. L. Feng, B. Gao, C. D. Gao, Q. Gao, W. Gao, M. M. Ge, L. S. Geng, G. H. Gong, Q. B. Gou, M. H. Gu, J. G. Guo, X. L. Guo, Y. Q. Guo, Y. Y. Guo, Y. A. Han, H. H. He, H. N. He, J. C. He, S. L. He, X. B. He, Y. He, M. Heller, Y. K. Hor, C. Hou, X. Hou, H. B. Hu, S. Hu, S. C. Hu, X. J. Hu, D. H. Huang, Q. L. Huang, W. H. Huang, X. T. Huang, Z. C. Huang, F. Ji, X. L. Ji, H. Y. Jia, K. Jiang, Z. J. Jiang, C. Jin, D. Kuleshov, K. Levochkin, B. B. Li, C. Li, F. Li, H. B. Li, H. C. Li, H. Y. Li, J. Li, K. Li, W. L. Li, X. Li, X. R. Li, Y. Li, Y. Z. Li, Z. Li, E. W. Liang, Y. F. Liang, S.J. Lin, B. Liu, C. Liu, D. Liu, H. Liu, H. D. Liu, J. Liu, J. L. Liu, J. S. Liu, J. Y. Liu, M. Y. Liu, R. Y. Liu, S. M. Liu, W. Liu, Y. N. Liu, Z. X. Liu, W. J. Long, R. Lu, H. K. Lv, B. Q. Ma, L. L. Ma, X. H. Ma, J. R. Mao, A. Masood, W. Mitthumsiri, T. Montaruli, Y. C. Nan, B. Y. Pang, P. Pattarakijwanich, Z. Y. Pei, M. Y. Qi, D. Ruffolo, V. Rulev, A. Sáiz, L. Shao, O. Shchegolev, X. D. Sheng, J. R. Shi, H. C. Song, Yu.V. Stenkin, V. Stepanov, Q. N. Sun, X. N. Sun, Z. B. Sun, P. H. T. Tam, Z. B. Tang, W. W. Tian, B. D. Wang, C. Wang, H. Wang, H. G. Wang, J. C. Wang, J. S. Wang, L. P. Wang, L. Y. Wang, R. N. Wang, W. Wang, X. G. Wang, X. J. Wang, X. Y. Wang, Y. D. Wang, Y. J. Wang, Y. P. Wang, Z. Wang, Z. H. Wang, Z. X. Wang, D. M. Wei, J. J. Wei, Y. J. Wei, T. Wen, C. Y. Wu, H. R. Wu, S. Wu, W. X. Wu, X. F. Wu, S. Q. Xi, J. Xia, J. J. Xia, G. M. Xiang, G. Xiao, H. B. Xiao, G. G. Xin, Y. L. Xin, Y. Xing, D. L. Xu, R. X. Xu, L. Xue, D. H. Yan, C. W. Yang, F. F. Yang, J. Y. Yang, L. L. Yang, M. J. Yang, R. Z. Yang, S. B. Yang, Y. H. Yao, Z. G. Yao, Y. M. Ye, L. Q. Yin, N. Yin, X. H. You, Z. Y. You, Y. H. Yu, Q. Yuan, H. D. Zeng, T. X. Zeng, W. Zeng, Z. K. Zeng, M. Zha, X. X. Zhai, B. B. Zhang, H. M. Zhang, H. Y. Zhang, J. L. Zhang, J. W. Zhang, L. Zhang, L. X. Zhang, P. F. Zhang, P. P. Zhang, R. Zhang, S. R. Zhang, S. S. Zhang, X. Zhang, X. P. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Y. F. Zhang, Y. L. Zhang, B. Zhao, J. Zhao, L. Zhao, L. Z. Zhao, S. P. Zhao, F. Zheng, Y. Zheng, B. Zhou, H. Zhou, J. N. Zhou, P. Zhou, R. Zhou, X. X. Zhou, C. G. Zhu, F. R. Zhu, H. Zhu, K. J. Zhu, and X. Zuo
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Detector, Resolution (electron density), Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Cosmic ray, 01 natural sciences, Fluorescence, law.invention, Telescope, Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, Trajectory, Range (statistics), 010306 general physics, business, Instrumentation, Cherenkov radiation
Abstract: The LHAASO-WFCTA experiment, which aims to observe cosmic rays in the sub-EeV range using the fluorescence technique, uses a new generation of high-performance telescopes. To ensure that the experiment has excellent detection capability associated with the measurement of the energy spectrum, the primary composition of cosmic rays, and so on, an accurate geometrical reconstruction of air-shower events is fundamental. This paper describes the development and testing of geometrical reconstruction for stereo viewed events using the WFCTA (Wide Field of view Cherenkov/Fluorescence Telescope Array) detectors. Two approaches, which take full advantage of the WFCTA detectors, are investigated. One is the stereo-angular method, which uses the pointing of triggered SiPMs in the shower trajectory, and the other is the stereo-timing method, which uses the triggering time of the fired SiPMs. The results show that both methods have good geometrical resolution; the resolution of the stereo-timing method is slightly better than the stereo-angular method because the resolution of the latter is slightly limited by the shower track length.
Published: 2021
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16. Observation of the Crab Nebula with LHAASO-KM2A − a performance study *

Author: F. Aharonian, Q. An, 克古 Axikegu, L. X. Bai, Y. X. Bai, Y. W. Bao, D. Bastieri, X. J. Bi, Y. J. Bi, H. Cai, J. T. Cai, Z. Cao, J. Chang, J. F. Chang, X. C. Chang, B. M. Chen, J. Chen, L. Chen, M. J. Chen, M. L. Chen, Q. H. Chen, S. H. Chen, S. Z. Chen, T. L. Chen, X. L. Chen, Y. Chen, N. Cheng, Y. D. Cheng, S. W. Cui, X. H. Cui, Y. D. Cui, B. Z. Dai, H. L. Dai, Z. G. Dai, 罗布 Danzengluobu, D. della Volpe, B. D'Ettorre Piazzoli, X. J. Dong, J. H. Fan, Y. Z. Fan, Z. X. Fan, J. Fang, K. Fang, C. F. Feng, L. Feng, S. H. Feng, Y. L. Feng, B. Gao, C. D. Gao, Q. Gao, W. Gao, M. M. Ge, L. S. Geng, G. H. Gong, Q. B. Gou, M. H. Gu, J. G. Guo, X. L. Guo, Y. Q. Guo, Y. Y. Guo, Y. A. Han, H. H. He, H. N. He, J. C. He, S. L. He, X. B. He, Y. He, M. Heller, Y. K. Hor, C. Hou, X. Hou, H. B. Hu, S. Hu, S. C. Hu, X. J. Hu, D. H. Huang, Q. L. Huang, W. H. Huang, X. T. Huang, Z. C. Huang, F. Ji, X. L. Ji, H. Y. Jia, K. Jiang, Z. J. Jiang, C. Jin, D. Kuleshov, K. Levochkin, B. B. Li, C. Li, F. Li, H. B. Li, H. C. Li, H. Y. Li, J. Li, K. Li, W. L. Li, X. Li, X. R. Li, Y. Li, Y. Z. Li, Z. Li, E. W. Liang, Y. F. Liang, S. J. Lin, B. Liu, C. Liu, D. Liu, H. Liu, H. D. Liu, J. Liu, J. L. Liu, J. S. Liu, J. Y. Liu, M. Y. Liu, R. Y. Liu, S. M. Liu, W. Liu, Y. N. Liu, Z. X. Liu, W. J. Long, R. Lu, H. K. Lv, B. Q. Ma, L. L. Ma, X. H. Ma, J. R. Mao, A. Masood, W. Mitthumsiri, T. Montaruli, Y. C. Nan, B. Y. Pang, P. Pattarakijwanich, Z. Y. Pei, M. Y. Qi, D. Ruffolo, V. Rulev, A. Sáiz, L. Shao, O. Shchegolev, X. D. Sheng, J. R. Shi, H. C. Song, Yu. V. Stenkin, V. Stepanov, Q. N. Sun, X. N. Sun, Z. B. Sun, P. H. T. Tam, Z. B. Tang, W. W. Tian, B. D. Wang, C. Wang, H. Wang, H. G. Wang, J. C. Wang, J. S. Wang, L. P. Wang, L. Y. Wang, R. N. Wang, W. Wang, X. G. Wang, X. J. Wang, X. Y. Wang, Y. D. Wang, Y. J. Wang, Y. P. Wang, Z. Wang, Z. H. Wang, Z. X. Wang, D. M. Wei, J. J. Wei, Y. J. Wei, T. Wen, C. Y. Wu, H. R. Wu, S. Wu, W. X. Wu, X. F. Wu, S. Q. Xi, J. Xia, J. J. Xia, G. M. Xiang, G. Xiao, H. B. Xiao, G. G. Xin, Y. L. Xin, Y. Xing, D. L. Xu, R. X. Xu, L. Xue, D. H. Yan, C. W. Yang, F. F. Yang, J. Y. Yang, L. L. Yang, M. J. Yang, R. Z. Yang, S. B. Yang, Y. H. Yao, Z. G. Yao, Y. M. Ye, L. Q. Yin, N. Yin, X. H. You, Z. Y. You, Y. H. Yu, Q. Yuan, H. D. Zeng, T. X. Zeng, W. Zeng, Z. K. Zeng, M. Zha, X. X. Zhai, B. B. Zhang, H. M. Zhang, H. Y. Zhang, J. L. Zhang, J. W. Zhang, L. Zhang, L. X. Zhang, P. F. Zhang, P. P. Zhang, R. Zhang, S. R. Zhang, S. S. Zhang, X. Zhang, X. P. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Y. F. Zhang, Y. L. Zhang, B. Zhao, J. Zhao, L. Zhao, L. Z. Zhao, S. P. Zhao, F. Zheng, Y. Zheng, B. Zhou, H. Zhou, J. N. Zhou, P. Zhou, R. Zhou, X. X. Zhou, C. G. Zhu, F. R. Zhu, H. Zhu, K. J. Zhu, and X. Zuo
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, High energy, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Cosmic distance ladder, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Crab Nebula, 0103 physical sciences, Energy spectrum, 010306 general physics, Instrumentation, Energy (signal processing)
Abstract: A sub-array of the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO), KM2A is mainly designed to observe a large fraction of the northern sky to hunt for γ-ray sources at energies above 10 TeV. Even though the detector construction is still underway, half of the KM2A array has been operating stably since the end of 2019. In this paper, we present the KM2A data analysis pipeline and the first observation of the Crab Nebula, a standard candle in very high energy γ-ray astronomy. We detect γ-ray signals from the Crab Nebula in both energy ranges of 10 100 TeV and 100 TeV with high significance, by analyzing the KM2A data of 136 live days between December 2019 and May 2020. With the observations, we test the detector performance, including angular resolution, pointing accuracy and cosmic-ray background rejection power. The energy spectrum of the Crab Nebula in the energy range 10-250 TeV fits well with a single power-law function dN/dE = (1.13 0.05 0.08 ) 10 (E/20 TeV) cm s TeV . It is consistent with previous measurements by other experiments. This opens a new window of γ-ray astronomy above 0.1 PeV through which new ultrahigh-energy γ-ray phenomena, such as cosmic PeVatrons, might be discovered.
Published: 2021
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17. The ARGO-YBJ experiment in Tibet

Author: THE ARGO YBJ COLLABORATION G. Aielli a, b, C. Bacci c, d, B. Bartoli e, f, P. Bernardini g, h, X. J. Bi i, C. Bleve g, P. Branchini d, A. Budano d, S. Bussino c, A. K. Calabrese Melcarne x, P. Camarri a, Z. Cao i, A. Cappa j, k, R. Cardarelli b, S. Catalanotti f, e, C. Cattaneo l, P. Celio c, S. Z. Chen i, Y. Chen i, N. Cheng i, P. Creti h, S. W. Cuim, B. Z. Dai o, G. D’Alí Staiti n, p, Danzengluobu q, M. Dattoli j, k, r, I. De Mitri g, B. D’Ettorre Piazzoli f, M. De Vincenzi c, T. Di Girolamo f, X. H. Ding q, G. Di Sciascio b, C. F. Feng s, Zhaoyang Feng i, Zhenyong Feng t, F. Galeazzi d, P. Galeotti j, r, R. Gargana d, Q. B. Gou i, Y. Q. Guo i, H. H. He i, Haibing Huq, Hongbo Hui, Q. Huang t, M. Iacovacci f, R. Iuppa a, I. James c, H. Y. Jia t, Labaciren q, H. J. Li q, J. Y. Li s, X. X. Li i, B. Liberti b, G. Liguori l, u, C. Liu i, C. Q. Liu o, M. Y. Lium, J. Liu o, H. Lui, X. H. Mai, G. Mancarella g, c, d, G. Marsella h, v, D. Martello g, S. Mastroianni e, X. R. Meng q, P. Montini c, C. C. Ning q, A. Pagliaro n, w, M. Panareo h, L. Perrone h, P. Pistilli c, X. B. Qu s, E. Rossi e, F. Ruggieri d, L. Saggese f, P. Salvini l, R. Santonico a, P. R. Shen i, X. D. Sheng i, F. Shi i, C. Stanescu d, A. Surdo h, Y. H. Tan i, P. Vallania j, S. Vernetto j, C. Vigorito j, B. Wangi, H. Wang i, C. Y. Wui, H. R. Wui, B. Xut, L. Xues, Y. X. Yanm, Q. Y. Yang o, X. C. Yang o, A. F. Yuan q, M. Zha i, H. M. Zhang i, JiLong Zhang i, JianLi Zhang i, L. Zhang o, P. Zhang o, X. Y. Zhang s, Y. Zhang i, Zhaxisangzhu q, X. X. Zhou t, F. R. Zhu i, Q. Q. Zhu i, G. Zizzi g, MARI, Stefano Maria, D'ALI' STAITI G, Aielli, G, Bacci, C, Bartoli, B, Bernardini, P, Bi, Xj, Bleve, C, Branchini, P, Budano, A, Bussino, Severino Angelo Maria, Calabrese Melcarne, Ak, Camarri, P, Cao, Z, Cappa, A, Cardarelli, R, Catalanotti, S, Cattaneo, C, Celio, P, Chen, Sz, Chen, Tl, Chen, Y, Cheng, N, Creti, P, Cui, Sw, Dai, Bz, D'Ali Staiti, G, Danzengluobu, Dattoli, M, De Mitri, I, D'Ettorre Piazzoli, B, De Vincenzi, M, Di Girolamo, T, Ding, Xh, Di Sciascio, G, Feng, Cf, Feng Zhao, Yang, Feng Zhen, Yong, Galeazzi, F, Galeotti, P, Gargana, R, Gou, Qb, Guo, Yq, He, Hh, Hu, Haibing, Hu Hong, Bo, Huang, Q, Iacovacci, M, Iuppa, R, James, I, Jia, Hy, Labaciren, Li, Hj, Li, Jy, Li, Xx, Liberti, B, Liguori, G, Liu, C, Liu, Cq, Liu, My, Liu, J, Lu, H, Ma, Xh, Mancarella, G, Mari, Stefano Maria, Marsella, G, Martello, D, Mastroianni, S, Meng, Xr, Montini, P, Ning, Cc, Pagliaro, A, Panareo, M, Perrone, L, Pistilli, P, Qu, Xb, Rossi, E, Ruggieri, F, Saggese, L, Salvini, P, Santonico, R, Shen, Pr, Sheng, Xd, Shi, F, Stanescu, C, Surdo, A, Tan, Yh, Vallania, P, Vernetto, S, Vigorito, C, Wang, B, Wang, H, Wu, Cy, Wu, Hr, Xu, B, Xue, L, Yan, Yx, Yang, Qy, Yang, Xc, Yuan, Af, Zha, M, Zhang, Hm, Zhang Ji, Long, Zhang Jian, Li, Zhang, L, Zhang, P, Zhang, Xy, Zhang, Y, Zhaxisangzhu, Zhou, Xx, Zhu, Fr, Zhu, Qq, Zizzi, G., G., Aielli, C., Bacci, F., Barone, B., Bartoli, Bernardini, Paolo, X. J., Bi, C., Bleve, P., Branchini, A., Budano, S., Bussino, A. K., Calabrese Melcarne, P., Camarri, Z., Cao, A., Cappa, R., Cardarelli, S., Catalanotti, C., Cattaneo, S., Cavaliere, P., Celio, S. Z., Chen, N., Cheng, P., Creti, S. W., Cui, G., Cusumano, B. Z., Dai, G., D’Alí Staiti, M., Dattoli, DE MITRI, Ivan, R., De Rosa, B., D’Ettorre Piazzoli, M., De Vincenzi, T., Di Girolamo, X. H., Ding, G., Di Sciascio, C. F., Feng, Zhaoyang, Feng, Zhenyong, Feng, C., Ferrigno, F., Galeazzi, P., Galeotti, X. Y., Gao, R., Gargana, F., Garufi, Q. B., Gou, H. H., He, Haibing, Hu, Hongbo, Hu, Q., Huang, M., Iacovacci, I., Jame, H. Y., Jia, H. J., Li, J. Y., Li, B., Liberti, G., Liguori, C. Q., Liu, J., Liu, H., Lu, Mancarella, Giovanni, S. M., Mari, Marsella, Giovanni, Martello, Daniele, S., Mastroianni, X. R., Meng, J., Mu, L., Nicastro, C. C., Ning, L., Palummo, Panareo, Marco, Perrone, Lorenzo, P., Pistilli, X. B., Qu, E., Rossi, F., Ruggieri, L., Saggese, P., Salvini, R., Santonico, A., Segreto, P. R., Shen, X. D., Sheng, F., Shi, C., Stanescu, A., Surdo, Y. H., Tan, P., Vallania, S., Vernetto, C., Vigorito, H., Wang, Y. G., Wang, C. Y., Wu, H. R., Wu, B., Xu, L., Xue, H. T., Yang, Q. Y., Yang, X. C., Yang, G. C., Yu, A. F., Yuan, M., Zha, H. M., Zhang, J. L., Zhang, L., Zhang, P., Zhang, X. Y., Zhang, Y., Zhang, X. X., Zhou, F. R., Zhu, Q. Q., Zhu, G., Zizzi, THE ARGO YBJ COLLABORATION G., Aielli a, B, C., Bacci c, D, B., Bartoli e, F, P., Bernardini g, H, X. J., Bi i, C., Bleve g, P., Branchini d, A., Budano d, S., Bussino c, A. K., Calabrese Melcarne x, P., Camarri a, Z., Cao i, A., Cappa j, K, R., Cardarelli b, S., Catalanotti f, E, C., Cattaneo l, P., Celio c, S. Z., Chen i, Y., Chen i, N., Cheng i, P., Creti h, S. W., Cuim, B. Z., Dai o, G., D’Alí Staiti n, P, Danzengluobu, Q, M., Dattoli j, K, R, I., De Mitri g, B., D’Ettorre Piazzoli f, M., De Vincenzi c, T., Di Girolamo f, X. H., Ding q, G., Di Sciascio b, Zhaoyang Feng, I, Zhenyong Feng, T, F., Galeazzi d, P., Galeotti j, R, R., Gargana d, Q. B., Gou i, Y. Q., Guo i, H. H., He i, Haibing, Huq, Hongbo, Hui, Q., Huang t, M., Iacovacci f, R., Iuppa a, I., James c, H. Y., Jia t, Labaciren, Q, H. J., Li q, X. X., Li i, B., Liberti b, G., Liguori l, U, C., Liu i, C. Q., Liu o, M. Y., Lium, J., Liu o, H., Lui, X. H., Mai, G., Mancarella g, C, D, G., Marsella h, V, D., Martello g, S., Mastroianni e, X. R., Meng q, P., Montini c, C. C., Ning q, A., Pagliaro n, W, M., Panareo h, L., Perrone h, P., Pistilli c, E., Rossi e, F., Ruggieri d, L., Saggese f, P., Salvini l, R., Santonico a, P. R., Shen i, X. D., Sheng i, F., Shi i, C., Stanescu d, A., Surdo h, Y. H., Tan i, P., Vallania j, S., Vernetto j, C., Vigorito j, B., Wangi, H., Wang i, C. Y., Wui, H. R., Wui, B., Xut, Y. X., Yanm, Q. Y., Yang o, X. C., Yang o, A. F., Yuan q, M., Zha i, H. M., Zhang i, JiLong Zhang, I, JianLi Zhang, I, L., Zhang o, P., Zhang o, Y., Zhang i, Zhaxisangzhu, Q, X. X., Zhou t, F. R., Zhu i, Q. Q., Zhu i, and G., Zizzi g
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Gamma ray burst, Single cluster, Trigger rate, Detector, gamma ray bursts, gamma rays, cosmic rays, extended air showers, Astronomy, Sampling (statistics), Cosmic ray, Extended air showers, Cosmic rays, Gamma ray sources, Gamma ray bursts, Gamma ray sources, Geodesy, Guard ring, Extended air shower, Sampling density, Instrumentation, Argo
Abstract: The setting up of the ARGO detector at the YangBaJing Cosmic Ray Laboratory (4300 m a.s.l., Tibet, P.R. China) has been completed during the last spring (2007). It consists of a central carpet made of 130 identical sub-units of 12 RPCs each (a "cluster"), covering a surface of about 5800 m2 with 93% active area, and a guard ring of 24 further clusters of the same type surrounding the central carpet with a lower sampling density. Signals are picked up by external electrodes of small size, thus allowing the sampling of EAS with high space-time granularity. Shower events are detected at a trigger rate of about 4 kHz. Events with a few particles detected by a single cluster are counted in scaler mode on a time base of 500 ms. The intrinsic modularity of the ARGO detector allowed us to collect data even during the setting-up period, using only the central carpet (or even part of it). Some preliminary results from the analysis of events collected in a few months of data taking are presented. © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Published: 2008
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18. The analog Resistive Plate Chamber detector of the ARGO-YBJ experiment

Author: Zihuang Cao, M. Iacovacci, M. Zha, J. W. Zhao, P. Pistilli, H. M. Zhang, Paolo Camarri, X. X. Zhou, J. K. K. Liu, X. Y. Zhang, P. Creti, Haibing Hu, Minghui Liu, Hongbo Hu, Haifeng Li, A. Surdo, Y. Zhang, D. Martello, Lanqing Ma, Yicheng Guo, Danzengluobu, Carlo Vigorito, S. W. Cui, P. Montini, X. H. Ma, Q. Q. Zhu, G. Di Sciascio, H. W. Wang, Zhaxisangzhu, A. Budano, H. Y. Jia, Fudong Shi, Labaciren, S. Mastroianni, Zhaxiciren, T. Di Girolamo, A. F. Yuan, G. Liguori, C. X. Liu, H. R. Wu, B. Z. Dai, F. Ruggieri, Q. Y. Yang, G. Zizzi, P. Branchini, R. Santonico, A. D'Amone, F. R. Zhu, S. Vernetto, H. Lu, R. Cardarelli, G. Marsella, L. Perrone, L. Zhang, P. Salvini, Cunfeng Feng, P. Bernardini, Y. H. Tan, Z. G. Yao, X. D. Sheng, Giovanni Mancarella, H. H. He, X. C. Yang, Chang-Chun Ning, Zhaoyang Feng, M. Panareo, P. Vallania, B. D'Ettorre Piazzoli, I. De Mitri, C. Y. Wu, L. Xue, Q. B. Gou, T. L. Chen, Zhenyong Feng, X. J. Bi, S. Z. Chen, B. Bartoli, S. M. Mari, Pengnian Shen, S. Catalanotti, R. Iuppa, ITA, Bartoli, Bruno, Bernardini, P., Bi, X. J., Branchini, P., Budano, A., Camarri, P., Cao, Z., Cardarelli, R., Catalanotti, Sergio, Chen, S. Z., Chen, T. L., Creti, P., Cui, S. W., Dai, B. Z., D’Amone, A., Danzengluobu, Null, De Mitri, I., D'ETTORRE PIAZZOLI, Benedetto, DI GIROLAMO, Tristano, Di Sciascio, G., Feng, C. F., Feng, Zhaoyang, Feng, Zhenyong, Gou, Q. B., Guo, Y. Q., He, H. H., Hu, Haibing, Hu, Hongbo, Iacovacci, Michele, Iuppa, R., Jia, H. Y., Labaciren, Null, Li, H. J., Liguori, G., Liu, C., Liu, J., Liu, M. Y., Lu, H., Ma, L. L., Ma, X. H., Mancarella, G., Mari, S. M., Marsella, G., Martello, D., Mastroianni, S., Montini, P., Ning, C. C., Panareo, M., Perrone, L., Pistilli, P., Ruggieri, F., Salvini, P., Santonico, R., Shen, P. R., Sheng, X. D., Shi, F., Surdo, A., Tan, Y. H., Vallania, P., Vernetto, S., Vigorito, C., Wang, H., Wu, C. Y., Wu, H. R., Xue, L., Yang, Q. Y., Yang, X. C., Yao, Z. G., Yuan, A. F., Zha, M., Zhang, H. M., Zhang, L., Zhang, X. Y., Zhang, Y., Zhao, J., Zhaxiciren, Null, Zhaxisangzhu, Null, Zhou, X. X., Zhu, F. R., Zhu, Q. Q., Zizzi, G., B. Bartoli, BERNARDINI, Paolo, X. J. Bi, P. Branchini, A. Budano, P. Camarri, Z. Cao, R. Cardarelli, S. Catalanotti, S. Z. Chen, T. L. Chen, P. Creti, S. W. Cui, B. Z. Dai, D'AMONE, ANTONIO, Danzengluobu, DE MITRI, Ivan, B. D’Ettorre Piazzoli, T. Di Girolamo, G. Di Sciascio, C. F. Feng, Zhaoyang Feng, Zhenyong Feng, Q. B. Gou, Y. Q. Guo, H. H. He, Haibing Hu, Hongbo Hu, M. Iacovacci, R. Iuppa, H. Y. Jia, Labaciren, H. J. Li, G. Liguori, C. Liu, J. Liu, M. Y. Liu, H. Lu, L. L. Ma, X. H. Ma, MANCARELLA, Giovanni, S. M. Mari, MARSELLA, GIOVANNI, MARTELLO, Daniele, S. Mastroianni, P. Montini, C. C. Ning, PANAREO, Marco, PERRONE, Lorenzo, P. Pistilli, F. Ruggieri, P. Salvini, R. Santonico, P. R. Shen, X. D. Sheng, F. Shi, A. Surdo, Y. H. Tan, P. Vallania, S. Vernetto, C. Vigorito, H. Wang, C. Y. Wu, H. R. Wu, L. Xue, Q. Y. Yang, X. C. Yang, Z. G. Yao, A. F. Yuan, M. Zha, H. M. Zhang, L. Zhang, X. Y. Zhang, Y. Zhang, J. Zhao, Zhaxiciren, Zhaxisangzhu, X. X. Zhou, F. R. Zhu, Q. Q. Zhu, G. Zizzi, B., Bartoli, Bernardini, Paolo, X. J., Bi, P., Branchini, A., Budano, P., Camarri, Z., Cao, R., Cardarelli, S., Catalanotti, S. Z., Chen, T. L., Chen, P., Creti, S. W., Cui, B. Z., Dai, D'Amone, Antonio, B., D’Ettorre Piazzoli, T., Di Girolamo, G., Di Sciascio, C. F., Feng, Zhaoyang, Feng, Zhenyong, Feng, Q. B., Gou, Y. Q., Guo, H. H., He, Haibing, Hu, Hongbo, Hu, M., Iacovacci, R., Iuppa, H. Y., Jia, H. J., Li, G., Liguori, C., Liu, J., Liu, M. Y., Liu, H., Lu, L. L., Ma, X. H., Ma, Mancarella, Giovanni, S. M., Mari, Marsella, Giovanni, Martello, Daniele, S., Mastroianni, P., Montini, C. C., Ning, Panareo, Marco, Perrone, Lorenzo, P., Pistilli, F., Ruggieri, P., Salvini, R., Santonico, P. R., Shen, X. D., Sheng, F., Shi, A., Surdo, Y. H., Tan, P., Vallania, S., Vernetto, C., Vigorito, H., Wang, C. Y., Wu, H. R., Wu, L., Xue, Q. Y., Yang, X. C., Yang, Z. G., Yao, A. F., Yuan, M., Zha, H. M., Zhang, L., Zhang, X. Y., Zhang, Y., Zhang, J., Zhao, X. X., Zhou, F. R., Zhu, Q. Q., Zhu, G., Zizzi, Mari, Stefano Maria, and The ARGO YBJ, Collaboration
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Air shower detection, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, STRIPS, Calorimetry, Signal, law.invention, Optics, Observatory, law, Air shower detection, RPC detector, Calorimetry, Cosmic-ray observatory, physics.ins-det, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Physics, Resistive touchscreen, business.industry, Detector, Settore FIS/01 - Fisica Sperimentale, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Core (optical fiber), RPC detector, business, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, astro-ph.IM
Abstract: The ARGO-YBJ experiment has been in stable data taking from November 2007 till February 2013 at the YangBaJing Cosmic Ray Observatory (4300 m a.s.l.). The detector consists of a single layer of Resistive Plate Chambers (RPCs) (6700 m2) operated in streamer mode. The signal pick-up is obtained by means of strips facing one side of the gas volume. The digital readout of the signals, while allows a high space–time resolution in the shower front reconstruction, limits the measurable energy to a few hundred TeV. In order to fully investigate the 1–10 PeV region, an analog readout has been implemented by instrumenting each RPC with two large size electrodes facing the other side of the gas volume. Since December 2009 the RPC charge readout has been in operation on the entire central carpet (∼5800 m2). In this configuration the detector is able to measure the particle density at the core position where it ranges from tens to many thousands of particles per m2. Thus ARGO-YBJ provides a highly detailed image of the charge component at the core of air showers. In this paper we describe the analog readout of RPCs in ARGO-YBJ and discuss both the performance of the system and the physical impact on the EAS measurements. The ARGO-YBJ experiment has been in stable data taking from November 2007 till February 2013 at the YangBaJing Cosmic Ray Observatory (4300 m a.s.l.). The detector consists of a single layer of Resistive Plate Chambers (RPCs) (6700 m2) operated in streamer mode. The signal pick-up is obtained by means of strips facing one side of the gas volume. The digital readout of the signals, while allows a high space-time resolution in the shower front reconstruction, limits the measurable energy to a few hundred TeV. In order to fully investigate the 1-10 PeV region, an analog readout has been implemented by instrumenting each RPC with two large size electrodes facing the other side of the gas volume. Since December 2009 the RPC charge readout has been in operation on the entire central carpet (â¼5800 m2). In this configuration the detector is able to measure the particle density at the core position where it ranges from tens to many thousands of particles per m2. Thus ARGO-YBJ provides a highly detailed image of the charge component at the core of air showers. In this paper we describe the analog readout of RPCs in ARGO-YBJ and discuss both the performance of the system and the physical impact on the EAS measurements.
Published: 2015

19. Galactic Cosmic-Ray Anisotropy in the Northern hemisphere from the ARGO-YBJ Experiment during 2008-2012

Author: J. Zhao, Hongbo Hu, P. R. Shen, X. C. Yang, A. Surdo, Yicheng Guo, Y. H. Tan, Zhaoyang Feng, F. R. Zhu, X. J. Bi, T. Di Girolamo, J. K. K. Liu, S. Vernetto, Zhaxisangzhu, Zhengguo Cao, S. Z. Chen, Q. Q. Zhu, L. Zhang, T. L. Chen, R. Santonico, S. Mastroianni, C. Vigorito, C. Y. Wu, S. W. Cui, C. Q. Liu, Q. B. Gou, C. C. Ning, P. Vallania, F. Shi, S. M. Mari, B. D'Ettorre Piazzoli, A. D'Amone, H. J. Li, H. R. Wu, Zhaxiciren, R. Iuppa, L. Xue, P. Salvini, G. Marsella, W. Gao, P. Bernardini, H. Wang, H. Lu, Danzengluobu, S. Catalanotti, David Ruffolo, A. F. Yuan, B. Z. Dai, Y. J. Zhang, Huihai He, M. Zha, G. Di Sciascio, X. Y. Zhang, Labaciren, Xiangdong Sheng, P. Pistilli, H. M. Zhang, Minghui Liu, I. De Mitri, Q. Y. Yang, P. Montini, X. H. Ma, X. X. Zhou, L. Perrone, Haibing Hu, L. L. Ma, H. Y. Jia, G. Mancarella, B. Bartoli, Cunfeng Feng, M. Iacovacci, Z. G. Yao, Bartoli, B., Bernardini, P., Bi, X. J., Cao, Z., Catalanotti, S., Chen, S. Z., Chen, T. L., Cui, S. W., Dai, B. Z., D’Amone, A., Danzengluobu, Null, De Mitri, I., Piazzoli, B. D’Ettorre, Di Girolamo, T., Di Sciascio, G., Feng, C. F., Feng, Z. Y., Gao, W., Gou, Q. B., Guo, Y. Q., He, H. H., Hu, Haibing, Hu, Hongbo, Iacovacci, M., Iuppa, R., Jia, H. Y., Labaciren, Null, Li, H. J., Liu, C., Liu, J., Liu, M. Y., Lu, H., Ma, L. L., Ma, X. H., Mancarella, G., Mari, S. M., Marsella, G., Mastroianni, S., Montini, P., Ning, C. C., Perrone, L., Pistilli, P., Ruffolo, D., Salvini, P., Santonico, R., Shen, P. R., Sheng, X. D., Shi, F., Surdo, A., Tan, Y. H., Vallania, P., Vernetto, S., Vigorito, C., Wang, H., Wu, C. Y., Wu, H. R., Xue, L., Yang, Q. Y., Yang, X. C., Yao, Z. G., Yuan, A. F., Zha, M., Zhang, H. M., Zhang, L., Zhang, X. Y., Zhang, Y., Zhao, J., Zhaxiciren, Null, Zhaxisangzhu, Null, Zhou, X. X., Zhu, F. R., Zhu, Q. Q., D'Amone, A., Piazzoli, B. D'Ettorre, Mastroianni, Stefano, Danzengluobu, null, Labaciren, null, Zhaxiciren, null, and Zhaxisangzhu, null
Subjects: Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, 01 natural sciences, cosmic rays, 0103 physical sciences, Anisotropy, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Argo, cosmic ray, Astroparticle physics, Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Settore FIS/01 - Fisica Sperimentale, Northern Hemisphere, Astronomy, astroparticle physic, Astronomy and Astrophysics, astroparticle physics, cosmic ray anysotropy, argo-ybj, Astronomy and Astrophysic, astroparticle physics, Space and Planetary Science, 13. Climate action, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: This paper reports on the observation of the sidereal large-scale anisotropy of cosmic rays using data collected by the ARGO-YBJ experiment over 5 years (2008-2012). This analysis extends previous work limited to the period from 2008 January to 2009 December, near the minimum of solar activity between cycles 23 and 24. With the new data sample, the period of solar cycle 24 from near minimum to maximum is investigated. A new method is used to improve the energy reconstruction, allowing us to cover a much wider energy range, from 4 to 520 TeV. Below 100 TeV, the anisotropy is dominated by two wide regions, the so-called “tail-in” and “loss-cone” features. At higher energies, a dramatic change of the morphology is confirmed. The yearly time dependence of the anisotropy is investigated. Finally, no noticeable variation of cosmic-ray anisotropy with solar activity is observed for a median energy of 7 TeV.
Published: 2018
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20. Energy spectrum of cosmic protons and helium nuclei by a hybrid measurement at 4300 m a.s.l

Author: A. D'Amone, Bo Gao, Zhenyong Feng, Piero Vallania, Xu Wang, Q. Y. Yang, S. S. Zhang, J. W. Zhao, R. Santonico, Hongbo Hu, G. Zizzi, A. Surdo, C. F. Feng, M. Iacovacci, P. Creti, Paolo Camarri, A. K. Calabrese Melcarne, T. Di Girolamo, F. R. Zhu, B. D'Ettorre Piazzoli, X. J. Bi, S. N. Sbano, R. Cardarelli, S. Z. Chen, Y. H. Tan, X. Zuo, B. k. Zhang, P. Salvini, G. Marsella, Lanqing Ma, Labaciren, Paolo Montini, S. H. Feng, R. Iuppa, L. Xue, M. Zha, S. Vernetto, B. Panico, X. X. Li, L. Zhang, Hong-peng Lu, S. M. Mari, I. Bolognino, S. W. Cui, J. K. K. Liu, B. Z. Dai, I. De Mitri, F. Ruggieri, Zhen Cao, Chang-Chun Ning, Zhaoyang Feng, Y. Zhang, Danzengluobu, A. F. Yuan, T. L. Chen, Bin Zhou, Q. Q. Zhu, Q. B. Gou, Huihai He, Haibing Hu, G. Mancarella, C. Hou, P. Branchini, Ming Chen, H. Y. Jia, B. Bartoli, X. D. Sheng, Y. X. Bai, Paolo Bernardini, Pengnian Shen, S. Catalanotti, G. C. Xiao, D. Martello, L. Perrone, G. Di Sciascio, M. Panareo, X. C. Yang, Y. Q. Guo, C. Y. Wu, Carlo Vigorito, Y. B. Chen, H. J. Li, H. R. Wu, P. Pistilli, H. M. Zhang, Jiali Liu, X. X. Zhou, M. H. Gu, X. Y. Zhang, Minghui Liu, Zhaxisangzhu, Z. G. Yao, X. H. Ma, Zhaxiciren, H. W. Wang, A. Budano, Fudong Shi, S. Mastroianni, G. Liguori, C. X. Liu, B., Bartoli, Bernardini, Paolo, X. J., Bi, I., Bolognino, P., Branchini, A., Budano, A. K., Calabrese Melcarne, P., Camarri, Z., Cao, R., Cardarelli, S., Catalanotti, S. Z., Chen, T. L., Chen, P., Creti, S. W., Cui, B. Z., Dai, D'Amone, Antonio, Danzengluobu, DE MITRI, Ivan, B., D'Ettorre Piazzoli, T., Di Girolamo, G., Di Sciascio, C. F., Feng, Zhaoyang, Feng, Zhenyong, Feng, Q. B., Gou, Y. Q., Guo, H. H., He, Haibing, Hu, Hongbo, Hu, M., Iacovacci, R., Iuppa, H. Y., Jia, Labaciren, H. J., Li, G., Liguori, C., Liu, J., Liu, M. Y., Liu, H., Lu, L. L., Ma, X. H., Ma, Mancarella, Giovanni, S. M., Mari, Marsella, Giovanni, Martello, Daniele, S., Mastroianni, P., Montini, C. C., Ning, Panareo, Marco, B., Panico, Perrone, Lorenzo, P., Pistilli, F., Ruggieri, P., Salvini, R., Santonico, S. N., Sbano, P. R., Shen, X. D., Sheng, F., Shi, A., Surdo, Y. H., Tan, P., Vallania, S., Vernetto, C., Vigorito, H., Wang, C. Y., Wu, H. R., Wu, L., Xue, Q. Y., Yang, X. C., Yang, Z. G., Yao, A. F., Yuan, M., Zha, H. M., Zhang, L., Zhang, X. Y., Zhang, Y., Zhang, J., Zhao, Zhaxiciren, Zhaxisangzhu, X. X., Zhou, F. R., Zhu, Q. Q., Zhu, G., Zizzi, Y. X., Bai, M. J., Chen, Y., Chen, S. H., Feng, B., Gao, M. H., Gu, C., Hou, X. X., Li, J. L., Liu, X., Wang, G., Xiao, B. K., Zhang, S. S., Zhang, B., Zhou, X., Zuo, P., Bernardini, Catalanotti, Sergio, A., D'Amone, I., De Mitri, DI GIROLAMO, Tristano, Q., Huang, Iacovacci, Michele, B. Bartoli, BERNARDINI, Paolo, X. J. Bi, I. Bolognino, P. Branchini, A. Budano, A. K. Calabrese Melcarne, P. Camarri, Z. Cao, R. Cardarelli, S. Catalanotti, S. Z. Chen, T. L. Chen, P. Creti, S. W. Cui, B. Z. Dai, D'AMONE, ANTONIO, B. D'Ettorre Piazzoli, T. Di Girolamo, G. Di Sciascio, C. F. Feng, Zhaoyang Feng, Zhenyong Feng, Q. B. Gou, Y. Q. Guo, H. H. He, Haibing Hu, Hongbo Hu, M. Iacovacci, R. Iuppa, H. Y. Jia, H. J. Li, G. Liguori, C. Liu, J. Liu, M. Y. Liu, H. Lu, L. L. Ma, X. H. Ma, MANCARELLA, Giovanni, S. M. Mari, MARSELLA, GIOVANNI, MARTELLO, Daniele, S. Mastroianni, P. Montini, C. C. Ning, PANAREO, Marco, B. Panico, PERRONE, Lorenzo, P. Pistilli, F. Ruggieri, P. Salvini, R. Santonico, S. N. Sbano, P. R. Shen, X. D. Sheng, F. Shi, A. Surdo, Y. H. Tan, P. Vallania, S. Vernetto, C. Vigorito, H. Wang, C. Y. Wu, H. R. Wu, L. Xue, Q. Y. Yang, X. C. Yang, Z. G. Yao, A. F. Yuan, M. Zha, H. M. Zhang, L. Zhang, X. Y. Zhang, Y. Zhang, J. Zhao, X. X. Zhou, F. R. Zhu, Q. Q. Zhu, G. Zizzi, Y. X. Bai, M. J. Chen, Y. Chen, S. H. Feng, B. Gao, M. H. Gu, C. Hou, X. X. Li, J. L. Liu, X. Wang, G. Xiao, B. K. Zhang, S. S. Zhang, B. Zhou, and X. Zuo
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Hydrogen, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, ARGO-YBJ, FOS: Physical sciences, chemistry.chemical_element, Cosmic ray, High Energy Physics - Experiment, law.invention, Nuclear physics, Telescope, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), law, Instrumentation, Cherenkov radiation, Helium, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, Range (particle radiation), COSMIC cancer database, Settore FIS/01 - Fisica Sperimentale, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Hybrid measurement, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Alpha particle, chemistry, Cherenkov telescope, Energy Spectrum, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Composition
Abstract: The energy spectrum of cosmic Hydrogen and Helium nuclei has been measured, below the so-called "knee", by using a hybrid experiment with a wide field-of-view Cherenkov telescope and the Resistive Plate Chamber (RPC) array of the ARGO-YBJ experiment at 4300 m above sea level. The Hydrogen and Helium nuclei have been well separated from other cosmic ray components by using a multi-parameter technique. A highly uniform energy resolution of about 25% is achieved throughout the whole energy range (100 TeV - 700 TeV). The observed energy spectrum is compatible with a single power law with index gamma=-2.63+/-0.06., Comment: To be published on Chinese Physics C
Published: 2014

21. Radon contribution to single particle counts of the ARGO-YBJ detector

Author: B. Bartoli a, b, P. Bernardini c, d, X. J. Bi e, I. Bolognino n, o, P. Branchini f, A. Budano f, P. Camarri g, h, Z. Cao e, R. Cardarelli h, S. Catalanotti a, C. Cattaneo o, S. Z. Chen e, T. L. Chen i, P. Creti d, S. W. Cui j, B. Z. Dai k, A. D'Amone c, Danzengluobu i, I. De Mitri c, B. D'Ettorre Piazzoli a, T. Di Girolamo a, G. Di Sciascio h, C. F. Feng l, Zhaoyang Feng e, Zhenyong Feng m, E. Giroletti n, Q. B. Gou e, Y. Q. Guo e, H. H. He e, Haibing Hu i, Hongbo Hu e, M. Iacovacci a, R. Iuppa g, H. Y. Jia m, Labaciren i, H. J. Li i, G. Liguori n, C. Liu e, J. Liu k, M. Y. Liu i, H. Lu e, L. L. Ma e, X. H. Ma e, G. Mancarella c, f, p, G. Marsella c, D. Martello c, S. Mastroianni b, P. Montini f, p, C. C. Ning i, M. Panareo c, L. Perrone c, P. Pistilli f, F. Ruggieri f, P. Salvini o, R. Santonico g, P. R. Shen e, X. D. Sheng e, F. Shi e, A. Surdo d, Y. H. Tan e, P. Vallania q, r, S. Vernetto q, C. Vigorito r, s, H. Wang e, C. Y. Wu e, H. R. Wu e, L. Xue l, Q. Y. Yang k, X. C. Yang k, Z. G. Yao e, A. F. Yuan i, M. Zha e, H. M. Zhang e, L. Zhang k, X. Y. Zhang l, Y. Zhang e, J. Zhao e, Zhaxiciren i, Zhaxisangzhu i, X. X. Zhou m, F. R. Zhu m, Q. Q. Zhu e, G. Zizzi t, The ARGO YBJ Collaboration, MARI, Stefano Maria, B., Bartoli a, B, P., Bernardini c, D, X. J., Bi e, I., Bolognino n, O, P., Branchini f, A., Budano f, P., Camarri g, H, Z., Cao e, R., Cardarelli h, S., Catalanotti a, C., Cattaneo o, S. Z., Chen e, T. L., Chen i, P., Creti d, S. W., Cui j, B. Z., Dai k, A., D'Amone c, Danzengluobu, I, I., De Mitri c, B., D'Ettorre Piazzoli a, T., Di Girolamo a, G., Di Sciascio h, C. F., Feng l, Zhaoyang Feng, E, Zhenyong Feng, M, E., Giroletti n, Q. B., Gou e, Y. Q., Guo e, H. H., He e, Haibing Hu, I, Hongbo Hu, E, M., Iacovacci a, R., Iuppa g, H. Y., Jia m, Labaciren, I, H. J., Li i, G., Liguori n, C., Liu e, J., Liu k, M. Y., Liu i, H., Lu e, L. L., Ma e, X. H., Ma e, G., Mancarella c, Mari, Stefano Maria, F, P, G., Marsella c, D., Martello c, S., Mastroianni b, P., Montini f, P, C. C., Ning i, M., Panareo c, L., Perrone c, P., Pistilli f, F., Ruggieri f, P., Salvini o, R., Santonico g, P. R., Shen e, X. D., Sheng e, F., Shi e, A., Surdo d, Y. H., Tan e, P., Vallania q, R, S., Vernetto q, C., Vigorito r, S, H., Wang e, C. Y., Wu e, H. R., Wu e, L., Xue l, Q. Y., Yang k, X. C., Yang k, Z. G., Yao e, A. F., Yuan i, M., Zha e, H. M., Zhang e, L., Zhang k, X. Y., Zhang l, Y., Zhang e, J., Zhao e, Zhaxiciren, I, Zhaxisangzhu, I, X. X., Zhou m, F. R., Zhu m, Q. Q., Zhu e, G., Zizzi t, The ARGO YBJ, Collaboration, B., Bartoli, Bernardini, Paolo, X. J., Bi, I., Bolognino, P., Branchini, A., Budano, P., Camarri, Z., Cao, R., Cardarelli, S., Catalanotti, C., Cattaneo, S. Z., Chen, T. L., Chen, P., Creti, S. W., Cui, B. Z., Dai, D'Amone, Antonio, Danzengluobu, DE MITRI, Ivan, B., D'Ettorre Piazzoli, T., Di Girolamo, G., Di Sciascio, C. F., Feng, Zhaoyang, Feng, Zhenyong, Feng, E., Giroletti, Q. B., Gou, Y. Q., Guo, H. H., He, Haibing, Hu, Hongbo, Hu, M., Iacovacci, R., Iuppa, H. Y., Jia, Labaciren, H. J., Li, G., Liguori, C., Liu, J., Liu, M. Y., Liu, H., Lu, L. L., Ma, X. H., Ma, Mancarella, Giovanni, S. M., Mari, Marsella, Giovanni, Martello, Daniele, S., Mastroianni, P., Montini, C. C., Ning, Panareo, Marco, Perrone, Lorenzo, P., Pistilli, F., Ruggieri, P., Salvini, R., Santonico, P. R., Shen, X. D., Sheng, F., Shi, A., Surdo, Y. H., Tan, P., Vallania, S., Vernetto, C., Vigorito, H., Wang, C. Y., Wu, H. R., Wu, L., Xue, Q. Y., Yang, X. C., Yang, Z. G., Yao, A. F., Yuan, M., Zha, H. M., Zhang, L., Zhang, X. Y., Zhang, Y., Zhang, J., Zhao, Zhaxiciren, Zhaxisangzhu, X. X., Zhou, F. R., Zhu, Q. Q., Zhu, G., Zizzi, P., Bernardini, Catalanotti, Sergio, A., D'Amone, I., De Mitri, DI GIROLAMO, Tristano, Iacovacci, Michele, G., Mancarella, G., Marsella, D., Martello, M., Panareo, and L., Perrone
Subjects: Physics, Radiation, Atmospheric pressure, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Settore FIS/01 - Fisica Sperimentale, Detector, Extensive air shower, Radon - natural radioactivity, Gamma ray, chemistry.chemical_element, Cosmic ray, Radon, Gamma-ray astronomy, Extensive air shower, Low energy cosmic instrumentation, Natural radioactivity, Radon, Nuclear physics, Air shower, chemistry, Low energy cosmic instrumentation, Natural radioactivity, Instrumentation, Radioactive decay, Physics::Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics
Abstract: The ARGO-YBJ experiment is an air shower detector for gamma ray astronomy and cosmic ray studies with an energy threshold of ∼500 GeV. Working in “single particle mode”, i.e. counting the single particles hitting the detector at fixed time intervals, ARGO-YBJ can monitor cosmic ray and gamma ray transients at energies of a few GeV. The single particle counting rate is modulated by the atmospheric pressure and temperature, and is affected by the local radioactivity from soil and air. Among the radioactive elements, radon gas is of particular importance since its concentration in air can vary significantly, according to environmental conditions. In this paper we evaluate the contribution of the radon daughter gamma ray emitters to the single particle counting rate measured by ARGO-YBJ. According to our analysis, the radon gas contribution is roughly 1–2%, producing a counting rate modulation of the same order of magnitude of the atmospheric effects.
Published: 2014

22. Cosmic ray physics with the ARGO-YBJ experiment

Author: B. Bartoli, X. J. Bi, C. Bleve, I. Bolognino, P. Branchini, A. Budano, A. K. Calabrese Melcarne, P. Camarri, Z. Cao, A. Cappa, R. Cardarelli, S. Catalanotti, C. Cattaneo, P. Celio, S. Z. Chen, T. L. Chen, Y. Chen, P. Creti, S. W. Cui, B. Z. Dai, G. D’Alì Staiti, Danzengluobu, M. Dattoli, B. D’Ettorre Piazzoli, T. Di Girolamo, X. H. Ding, G. Di Sciascio, C. F. Feng, Zhaoyang Feng, Zhenyong Feng, F. Galeazzi, P. Galeotti, E. Giroletti, Q. B. Gou, Y. Q. Guo, H. H. He, Haibing Huo, Hongbo Hue, Q. Huang, M. Iacovacci, R. Iuppa, I. James, H. Y. Jia, Labaciren, H. J. Li, J. Y. Li, X. X. Li, G. Liguori, C. Liu, C. Q. Liu, J. Liu, M. Y. Liu, H. Lu, X. H. Ma, S. M. Mari, S. Mastroianni, P. Montini, C. C. Ning, A. Pagliaro, B. Panico, P. Pistilli, X. B. Qu, E. Rossi, F. Ruggieri, P. Salvini, R. Santonico, P. R. Shen, X. D. Sheng, F. Shi, C. Stanescu, A. Surdo, Y. H. Tan, P. Vallania, S. Vernetto, C. Vigorito, B. Wang, H. Wang, C. Y. Wu, H. R. Wu, B. Xu, L. Xue, Y. X. Yan, Q. Y. Yang, X. C. Yang, Z. G. Yao, A. F. Yuan, M. Zha, H. M. Zhang, JilongZhang, JianliZhang, L. Zhang, P. Zhang, X. Y. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Zhaxiciren, Zhaxisangzhu, X. X. Zhou, F. R. Zhu, Q. Q. Zhu, G. Zizzi, BERNARDINI, Paolo, DE MITRI, Ivan, MANCARELLA, Giovanni, MARSELLA, GIOVANNI, MARTELLO, Daniele, PANAREO, Marco, PERRONE, Lorenzo, B., Bartoli, Bernardini, Paolo, X. J., Bi, C., Bleve, I., Bolognino, P., Branchini, A., Budano, A. K., Calabrese Melcarne, P., Camarri, Z., Cao, A., Cappa, R., Cardarelli, S., Catalanotti, C., Cattaneo, P., Celio, S. Z., Chen, T. L., Chen, Y., Chen, P., Creti, S. W., Cui, B. Z., Dai, G., D’Alì Staiti, Danzengluobu, M., Dattoli, DE MITRI, Ivan, B., D’Ettorre Piazzoli, T., Di Girolamo, X. H., Ding, G., Di Sciascio, C. F., Feng, Zhaoyang, Feng, Zhenyong, Feng, F., Galeazzi, P., Galeotti, E., Giroletti, Q. B., Gou, Y. Q., Guo, H. H., He, Haibing, Huo, Hongbo, Hue, Q., Huang, M., Iacovacci, R., Iuppa, I., Jame, H. Y., Jia, Labaciren, H. J., Li, J. Y., Li, X. X., Li, G., Liguori, C., Liu, C. Q., Liu, J., Liu, M. Y., Liu, H., Lu, X. H., Ma, Mancarella, Giovanni, S. M., Mari, Marsella, Giovanni, Martello, Daniele, S., Mastroianni, P., Montini, C. C., Ning, A., Pagliaro, Panareo, Marco, B., Panico, Perrone, Lorenzo, P., Pistilli, X. B., Qu, E., Rossi, F., Ruggieri, P., Salvini, R., Santonico, P. R., Shen, X. D., Sheng, F., Shi, C., Stanescu, A., Surdo, Y. H., Tan, P., Vallania, S., Vernetto, C., Vigorito, B., Wang, H., Wang, C. Y., Wu, H. R., Wu, B., Xu, L., Xue, Y. X., Yan, Q. Y., Yang, X. C., Yang, Z. G., Yao, A. F., Yuan, M., Zha, H. M., Zhang, Jilongzhang, Jianlizhang, L., Zhang, P., Zhang, X. Y., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Zhaxiciren, Zhaxisangzhu, X. X., Zhou, F. R., Zhu, Q. Q., Zhu, and G., Zizzi
Subjects: Astroparticle physics, Physics, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Proton, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Hadron, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Cosmic ray, Cosmic Rays, Array Detector, Astrophysics, Air shower, Observatory, Gamma-ray burst, Heliosphere
Abstract: The main scientific goals of the ARGO-YBJ ex- periment are -ray astronomy with a few hundreds GeV en- ergy threshold and cosmic ray physics below and around the knee of the primary energy spectrum (10 12 10 16 eV), where the transition from direct to indirect measurement techniques takes place. The ARGO-YBJ experiment, located at the Cos- mic Ray Observatory of Yangbajing (Tibet, P.R. of China, 4 300 m a.s.l.), is an unconventional Extensive Air Shower ar- ray of about 6,700 m 2 of active area, the only one exploiting the full-coverage technique at very high altitude currently in operation. The detector space-time granularity, performance and location offer a unique chance to make a detailed study of the structure of cosmic ray showers, in particular of the hadronic component. In this work we will focus on the main experimental results concerning cosmic ray and hadronic in- teraction physics: primary cosmic ray energy spectrum, an- tiproton over proton ratio, anisotropy in the cosmic ray flux and proton-air cross-section. Moreover, the possible data analysis improvements based on the use of all detailed infor- mation on the shower front (curvature, time width, rise time, ..), as well as the extension of the investigable energy range, allowed by the analog RPC readout, will be pointed out. nique at very high altitude presently in data taking. Location and detector features make ARGO-YBJ capable of investi- gating a wide range of fundamental issues in Cosmic Ray and Astroparticle Physics at relatively low energy threshold: - very high energy -ray astronomy, with an energy thresh- old of a few hundreds GeV; - search for emission of gamma ray bursts in the full GeV - TeV energy range; - study of cosmic rays (spectrum, composition, p/p ra- tio measurement, shower space-time structure, ...) starting at TeV energies; - Sun and heliosphere physics above Eth 1 GeV. In following sections, after a brief description of the detec- tor and its performance, the main results achieved on several items of cosmic ray physics will be presented and discussed.
Published: 2011
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23. LATTES: a new gamma-ray detector concept for South America

Author: A. Blanco, B. D'Ettorre Piazzoli, Rúben Conceição, Pedro Assis, L. Lopes, U. Barres de Almeida, A. De Angelis, G. Matthiae, P. Fonte, Michele Doro, R. C. Shellard, Mário João Martins Pimenta, and B. Tome
Subjects: High energy, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, QC1-999, FOS: Physical sciences, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Telescope, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Physics and Astronomy (all), law, 0103 physical sciences, Gamma ray detectors, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Cherenkov radiation, Remote sensing, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Wide field, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Energy (signal processing)
Abstract: Currently the detection of Very High Energy gamma-rays for astrophysics rely on the measurement of the Extensive Air Showers (EAS) either using Cherenkov detectors or EAS arrays with larger field of views but also larger energy thresholds. In this talk we present a novel hybrid detector concept for a EAS array with an improved sensitivity in the lower energies ($\sim 100\,$GeV). We discuss its main features, capabilities and present preliminary results on its expected perfomances and sensitivities.This wide field of view experiment is planned to be installed at high altitude in South America making it a complementary project to the planned Cherenkov telescope experiments and a powerful tool to trigger further observations of variable sources and to detect transients phenomena., 5 pages, 5 figures, Proc. of RICAP2016, v2: correct affiliation and doi
Published: 2017

24. The Yangbajing Super Complex Array Plan Based on the ARGO Carpet

Author: THE ARGO YBJ COLLABORATION G. Aielli a, b, C. Bacci c, d, B. Bartoli e, f, P. Bernardini g, h, X. J. Bi i, C. Bleve g, P. Branchini d, A. Budano d, S. Bussino c, A. K. Calabrese Melcarne x, P. Camarri a, Z. Cao i, A. Cappa j, k, R. Cardarelli b, S. Catalanotti f, e, C. Cattaneo l, P. Celio c, S. Z. Chen i, Y. Chen i, N. Cheng i, P. Creti h, S. W. Cuim, B. Z. Dai o, G. D’Alí Staiti n, p, Danzengluobu q, M. Dattoli j, k, r, I. De Mitri g, B. D’Ettorre Piazzoli f, M. De Vincenzi c, T. Di Girolamo f, X. H. Ding q, G. Di Sciascio b, C. F. Feng s, Zhaoyang Feng i, Zhenyong Feng t, F. Galeazzi d, P. Galeotti j, r, R. Gargana d, Q. B. Gou i, Y. Q. Guo i, H. H. He i, Haibing Huq, Hongbo Hui, Q. Huang t, M. Iacovacci f, R. Iuppa a, I. James c, H. Y. Jia t, Labaciren q, H. J. Li q, J. Y. Li s, X. X. Li i, B. Liberti b, G. Liguori l, u, C. Liu i, C. Q. Liu o, M. Y. Lium, J. Liu o, H. Lui, X. H. Mai, G. Mancarella g, c, d, G. Marsella h, v, D. Martello g, S. Mastroianni e, X. R. Meng q, P. Montini c, C. C. Ning q, A. Pagliaro n, w, M. Panareo h, L. Perrone h, P. Pistilli c, X. B. Qu s, E. Rossi e, F. Ruggieri d, L. Saggese f, P. Salvini l, R. Santonico a, P. R. Shen i, X. D. Sheng i, F. Shi i, C. Stanescu d, A. Surdo h, Y. H. Tan i, P. Vallania j, S. Vernetto j, C. Vigorito j, B. Wangi, H. Wang i, C. Y. Wui, H. R. Wui, B. Xut, L. Xues, Y. X. Yanm, Q. Y. Yang o, X. C. Yang o, A. F. Yuan q, M. Zha i, H. M. Zhang i, JiLong Zhang i, JianLi Zhang i, L. Zhang o, P. Zhang o, X. Y. Zhang s, Y. Zhang i, Zhaxisangzhu q, X. X. Zhou t, F. R. Zhu i, Q. Q. Zhu i, G. Zizzi g, MARI, Stefano Maria, THE ARGO YBJ COLLABORATION G., Aielli a, B, C., Bacci c, D, B., Bartoli e, F, P., Bernardini g, H, X. J., Bi i, C., Bleve g, P., Branchini d, A., Budano d, S., Bussino c, A. K., Calabrese Melcarne x, P., Camarri a, Z., Cao i, A., Cappa j, K, R., Cardarelli b, S., Catalanotti f, E, C., Cattaneo l, P., Celio c, S. Z., Chen i, Y., Chen i, N., Cheng i, P., Creti h, S. W., Cuim, B. Z., Dai o, G., D’Alí Staiti n, P, Danzengluobu, Q, M., Dattoli j, K, R, I., De Mitri g, B., D’Ettorre Piazzoli f, M., De Vincenzi c, T., Di Girolamo f, X. H., Ding q, G., Di Sciascio b, C. F., Feng, Zhaoyang Feng, I, Zhenyong Feng, T, F., Galeazzi d, P., Galeotti j, R, R., Gargana d, Q. B., Gou i, Y. Q., Guo i, H. H., He i, Haibing, Huq, Hongbo, Hui, Q., Huang t, M., Iacovacci f, R., Iuppa a, I., James c, H. Y., Jia t, Labaciren, Q, H. J., Li q, J. Y., Li, X. X., Li i, B., Liberti b, G., Liguori l, U, C., Liu i, C. Q., Liu o, M. Y., Lium, J., Liu o, H., Lui, X. H., Mai, G., Mancarella g, Mari, Stefano Maria, C, D, G., Marsella h, V, D., Martello g, S., Mastroianni e, X. R., Meng q, P., Montini c, C. C., Ning q, A., Pagliaro n, W, M., Panareo h, L., Perrone h, P., Pistilli c, X. B., Qu, E., Rossi e, F., Ruggieri d, L., Saggese f, P., Salvini l, R., Santonico a, P. R., Shen i, X. D., Sheng i, F., Shi i, C., Stanescu d, A., Surdo h, Y. H., Tan i, P., Vallania j, S., Vernetto j, C., Vigorito j, B., Wangi, H., Wang i, C. Y., Wui, H. R., Wui, B., Xut, L., Xue, Y. X., Yanm, Q. Y., Yang o, X. C., Yang o, A. F., Yuan q, M., Zha i, H. M., Zhang i, JiLong Zhang, I, JianLi Zhang, I, L., Zhang o, P., Zhang o, X. Y., Zhang, Y., Zhang i, Zhaxisangzhu, Q, X. X., Zhou t, F. R., Zhu i, Q. Q., Zhu i, and G., Zizzi g
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Proton, business.industry, Detector, Gamma ray, Phase (waves), Scintillator, Interference (wave propagation), Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Optics, business, Event (particle physics), Argo
Abstract: Following the completion of the 5700m 2 RPC carpet-like AS array at YangBaJing this year, a further plan based on the ARGO Carpet is raised. It characterizes with its high altitude site, its full-coverage detector array and the multi-parameter measurements. Apart from studies on TeV and sub-TeV energy range, UHE Gamma-ray sources and the Knee Physics will become its characteristic subjects. In the first phase of the plan, the Yangbajing Super Complex Array (YSCA) will include a 10 4 m 2 RPC Carpet, five indoor μ -detectors (∼170 m 2 each), four big outdoor μ -detectors (∼432 m 2 each) and a traditional field scintillation detector array surrounding the Carpet. Monte-Carlo study shows that, with such an array in YBJ (4300m a.s.l.), γ -ray induced air showers can be separated from proton induced air showers clearly using only the observed electron and μ data event by event. To assist the classification of UHE air showers induced by different primary nuclei groups without severe interference by Composition/Model Entanglement, a second phase plan having a Central Burst Detector Array (CBDA) and some pulse shape detectors is schemed.
Published: 2008
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25. Preliminary results of the Moon shadow using ARGO-YBJ detector

Author: G. Aielli, C. Bacci, F. Barone, B. Bartoli, X. J. Bi, C. Bleve, P. Branchini, A. Budano, S. Bussino, A. K. Calabrese Melcarne, P. Camarri, Z. Cao, A. Cappa, R. Cardarelli, S. Catalanotti, C. Cattaneo, S. Cavaliere, P. Celio, S. Z. Chen, N. Cheng, P. Creti, S. W. Cui, G. Cusumano, B. Z. Dai, G. D’Alí Staiti, Danzengluobu, M. Dattoli, R. De Rosa, B. D’Ettorre Piazzoli, M. De Vincenzi, T. Di Girolamo, X. H. Ding, G. Di Sciascio, C. F. Feng, Zhaoyang Feng, Zhenyong Feng, C. Ferrigno, F. Galeazzi, P. Galeotti, X. Y. Gao, R. Gargana, F. Garufi, Q. B. Gou, H. H. He, Haibing Hu, Hongbo Hu, Q. Huang, M. Iacovacci, I. James, H. Y. Jia, Labaciren, H. J. Li, J. Y. Li, B. Liberti, G. Liguori, C. Q. Liu, J. Liu, H. Lu, S. M. Mari, S. Mastroianni, X. R. Meng, J. Mu, L. Nicastro, C. C. Ning, L. Palummo, P. Pistilli, X. B. Qu, E. Rossi, F. Ruggieri, L. Saggese, P. Salvini, R. Santonico, A. Segreto, P. R. Shen, X. D. Sheng, F. Shi, C. Stanescu, A. Surdo, Y. H. Tan, P. Vallania, S. Vernetto, C. Vigorito, H. Wang, Y. G. Wang, C. Y. Wu, H. R. Wu, B. Xu, L. Xue, H. T. Yang, Q. Y. Yang, X. C. Yang, G. C. Yu, A. F. Yuan, M. Zha, H. M. Zhang, J. L. Zhang, L. Zhang, P. Zhang, X. Y. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Zhaxisangzhu, X. X. Zhou, F. R. Zhu, Q. Q. Zhu, G. Zizzi, BERNARDINI, Paolo, DE MITRI, Ivan, MANCARELLA, Giovanni, MARSELLA, GIOVANNI, MARTELLO, Daniele, PANAREO, Marco, PERRONE, Lorenzo, G., Aielli, C., Bacci, F., Barone, B., Bartoli, Bernardini, Paolo, X. J., Bi, C., Bleve, P., Branchini, A., Budano, S., Bussino, A. K., Calabrese Melcarne, P., Camarri, Z., Cao, A., Cappa, R., Cardarelli, S., Catalanotti, C., Cattaneo, S., Cavaliere, P., Celio, S. Z., Chen, N., Cheng, P., Creti, S. W., Cui, G., Cusumano, B. Z., Dai, G., D’Alí Staiti, Danzengluobu, M., Dattoli, DE MITRI, Ivan, R., De Rosa, B., D’Ettorre Piazzoli, M., De Vincenzi, T., Di Girolamo, X. H., Ding, G., Di Sciascio, C. F., Feng, Zhaoyang, Feng, Zhenyong, Feng, C., Ferrigno, F., Galeazzi, P., Galeotti, X. Y., Gao, R., Gargana, F., Garufi, Q. B., Gou, H. H., He, Haibing, Hu, Hongbo, Hu, Q., Huang, M., Iacovacci, I., Jame, H. Y., Jia, Labaciren, H. J., Li, J. Y., Li, B., Liberti, G., Liguori, C. Q., Liu, J., Liu, H., Lu, Mancarella, Giovanni, S. M., Mari, Marsella, Giovanni, Martello, Daniele, S., Mastroianni, X. R., Meng, J., Mu, L., Nicastro, C. C., Ning, L., Palummo, Panareo, Marco, Perrone, Lorenzo, P., Pistilli, X. B., Qu, E., Rossi, F., Ruggieri, L., Saggese, P., Salvini, R., Santonico, A., Segreto, P. R., Shen, X. D., Sheng, F., Shi, C., Stanescu, A., Surdo, Y. H., Tan, P., Vallania, S., Vernetto, C., Vigorito, H., Wang, Y. G., Wang, C. Y., Wu, H. R., Wu, B., Xu, L., Xue, H. T., Yang, Q. Y., Yang, X. C., Yang, G. C., Yu, A. F., Yuan, M., Zha, H. M., Zhang, J. L., Zhang, L., Zhang, P., Zhang, X. Y., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Zhaxisangzhu, X. X., Zhou, F. R., Zhu, Q. Q., Zhu, G., Zizzi, Aielli, G, Bacci, C, Bartoli, B, Bernardini, P, Bi, Xj, Bleve, C, Branchini, P, Budano, A, Bussino, Severino Angelo Maria, Calabrese Melcarne, Ak, Camarri, P, Cao, Z, Cappa, A, Cardarelli, R, Catalanotti, S, Cattaneo, C, Celio, P, Chen, Sz, Chen, Tl, Chen, Y, Cheng, N, Creti, P, Cui, Sw, Dai, Bz, D'Ali Staiti, G, Dattoli, M, De Mitri, I, D'Ettorre Piazzoli, B, De Vincenzi, M, Di Girolamo, T, Ding, Xh, Di Sciascio, G, Feng, Cf, Feng Zhao, Yang, Feng Zhen, Yong, Galeazzi, F, Galeotti, P, Gargana, R, Gou, Qb, Guo, Yq, He, Hh, Hu, Haibing, Hu Hong, Bo, Huang, Q, Iacovacci, M, Iuppa, R, James, I, Jia, Hy, Li, Hj, Li, Jy, Li, Xx, Liberti, B, Liguori, G, Liu, C, Liu, Cq, Liu, My, Liu, J, Lu, H, Ma, Xh, Mancarella, G, Mari, Stefano Maria, Marsella, G, Martello, D, Mastroianni, S, Meng, Xr, Montini, P, Ning, Cc, Pagliaro, A, Panareo, M, Perrone, L, Pistilli, P, Qu, Xb, Rossi, E, Ruggieri, F, Saggese, L, Salvini, P, Santonico, R, Shen, Pr, Sheng, Xd, Shi, F, Stanescu, C, Surdo, A, Tan, Yh, Vallania, P, Vernetto, S, Vigorito, C, Wang, B, Wang, H, Wu, Cy, Wu, Hr, Xu, B, Xue, L, Yan, Yx, Yang, Qy, Yang, Xc, Yuan, Af, Zha, M, Zhang, Hm, Zhang Ji, Long, Zhang Jian, Li, Zhang, L, Zhang, P, Zhang, Xy, Zhang, Y, Zhou, Xx, Zhu, Fr, Zhu, Qq, and Zizzi, G.
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Detector, Moon shadow, Astronomy, Cosmic ray, Full coverage, Resistive Plate Chamber, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Argo-Ybj, Air shower, Extended air shower, Shadow, Angular resolution, Argo
Abstract: ARGO-YBJ is a “full coverage” air shower detector consisting of Resistive Plate Chambers(RPCs) at the Yangbajing High Altitude Cosmic Ray Laboratory (Tibet, China) at 4300 m a.s.l. (lat=30.11° N, long=90.53° E). Using the data collected with a carpet of RPCs (1900 m 2 , about 1/3 of the whole ARGO-YBJ detector), the cosmic ray shadowing effect due to the Moon was studied. The 50% angular resolution is found to be ∼1.2° with the Chess-board method and the Moon shadow with a significance of 4.9 σ is found displaced by 0.7° westward and 0.5° northward with respect to the expected position by the equi-zenith angle Method.
Published: 2008
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26. STUDY OF THE DIFFUSE GAMMA-RAY EMISSION FROM THE GALACTIC PLANE WITH ARGO-YBJ

Author: Q. Q. Zhu, Labaciren, Zhengguo Cao, P. Bernardini, J. K. K. Liu, X. X. Zhou, C. Y. Wu, J. Zhao, Y. J. Zhang, R. Santonico, H. H. He, Zhenyong Feng, P. R. Shen, F. Shi, C. Q. Liu, Q. B. Gou, F. R. Zhu, P. Creti, C. C. Ning, X. C. Yang, Haifeng Li, H. Lu, I. De Mitri, A. D'Amone, P. Vallania, S. M. Mari, T. Di Girolamo, Danzengluobu, R. Cardarelli, A. F. Yuan, M. Panareo, Minghui Liu, B. D'Ettorre Piazzoli, Y. H. Tan, M. Zha, Lanqing Ma, X. J. Bi, L. Xue, L. Zhang, T. L. Chen, S. Vernetto, Zhaxiciren, A. Surdo, R. Iuppa, G. Zizzi, C. Vigorito, Zhaxisangzhu, P. Salvini, Q. Y. Yang, S. Z. Chen, G. Marsella, B. Bartoli, G. Liguori, M. Iacovacci, S. Catalanotti, B. Z. Dai, Zhaoyang Feng, Paolo Camarri, P. Montini, X. H. Ma, L. Perrone, G. Di Sciascio, X. Y. Zhang, A. Budano, Z. G. Yao, Haibing Hu, Xiangdong Sheng, S. Mastroianni, D. Martello, P. Pistilli, H. M. Zhang, H. R. Wu, Hongbo Hu, Yicheng Guo, H. Wang, Cunfeng Feng, F. Ruggieri, H. Y. Jia, S. W. Cui, G. Mancarella, P. Branchini, Mari, Stefano Maria, The ARGO YBJ, Collaboration, ITA, Bartoli, Bruno, Bernardini, P., Bi, X. J., Branchini, P., Budano, A., Camarri, P., Cao, Z., Cardarelli, R., Catalanotti, Sergio, Chen, S. Z., Chen, T. L., Creti, P., Cui, S. W., Dai, B. Z., D’Amone, A., Danzengluobu, Null, De Mitri, I., D'ETTORRE PIAZZOLI, Benedetto, DI GIROLAMO, Tristano, Sciascio, G. Di, Feng, C. F., Feng, Zhaoyang, Feng, Zhenyong, Gou, Q. B., Guo, Y. Q., He, H. H., Hu, Haibing, Hu, Hongbo, Iacovacci, Michele, Iuppa, R., Jia, H. Y., Labaciren, Null, Li, H. J., Liguori, G., Liu, C., Liu, J., Liu, M. Y., Lu, H., Ma, L. L., Ma, X. H., Mancarella, G., Mari, S. M., Marsella, G., Martello, D., Mastroianni, S., Montini, P., Ning, C. C., Panareo, M., Perrone, L., Pistilli, P., Ruggieri, F., Salvini, P., Santonico, R., Shen, P. R., Sheng, X. D., Shi, F., Surdo, A., Tan, Y. H., Vallania, P., Vernetto, S., Vigorito, C., Wang, H., Wu, C. Y., Wu, H. R., Xue, L., Yang, Q. Y., Yang, X. C., Yao, Z. G., Yuan, A. F., Zha, M., Zhang, H. M., Zhang, L., Zhang, X. Y., Zhang, Y., Zhao, J., Zhaxiciren, Null, Zhaxisangzhu, Null, Zhou, X. X., Zhu, F. R., Zhu, Q. Q., Zizzi, G., B., Bartoli, Bernardini, Paolo, X. J., Bi, P., Branchini, A., Budano, P., Camarri, Z., Cao, R., Cardarelli, S., Catalanotti, S. Z., Chen, T. L., Chen, P., Creti, S. W., Cui, B. Z., Dai, D'Amone, Antonio, Danzengluobu, DE MITRI, Ivan, B., D’Ettorre Piazzoli, T., Di Girolamo, G., Di Sciascio, C. F., Feng, Zhaoyang, Feng, Zhenyong, Feng, Q. B., Gou, Y. Q., Guo, H. H., He, Haibing, Hu, Hongbo, Hu, M., Iacovacci, R., Iuppa, H. Y., Jia, Labaciren, H. J., Li, G., Liguori, C., Liu, J., Liu, M. Y., Liu, H., Lu, L. L., Ma, X. H., Ma, Mancarella, Giovanni, S. M., Mari, Marsella, Giovanni, Martello, Daniele, S., Mastroianni, P., Montini, C. C., Ning, Panareo, Marco, Perrone, Lorenzo, P., Pistilli, F., Ruggieri, P., Salvini, R., Santonico, P. R., Shen, X. D., Sheng, F., Shi, A., Surdo, Y. H., Tan, P., Vallania, S., Vernetto, C., Vigorito, H., Wang, C. Y., Wu, H. R., Wu, L., Xue, Q. Y., Yang, X. C., Yang, Z. G., Yao, A. F., Yuan, M., Zha, H. M., Zhang, L., Zhang, X. Y., Zhang, Y., Zhang, J., Zhao, Zhaxiciren, Zhaxisangzhu, X. X., Zhou, F. R., Zhu, Q. Q., Zhu, and G., Zizzi
Subjects: Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, observational [methods], Flux, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, disk, methods: observational [cosmic rays, diffuse radiation, Galaxy], Galaxy: disk, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), cosmic rays, Disc, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), cosmic ray, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Settore FIS/01 - Fisica Sperimentale, Gamma ray, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Galactic plane, Galaxy, diffuse radiation, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Space and Planetary Science, Milagro, methods: observational, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, disk [Galaxy], Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope
Abstract: The events recorded by ARGO-YBJ in more than five years of data collection have been analyzed to determine the diffuse gamma-ray emission in the Galactic plane at Galactic longitudes 25{\deg} < l < 100{\deg} and Galactic latitudes . The energy range covered by this analysis, from ~350 GeV to ~2 TeV, allows the connection of the region explored by Fermi with the multi-TeV measurements carried out by Milagro. Our analysis has been focused on two selected regions of the Galactic plane, i.e., 40{\deg} < l < 100{\deg} and 65{\deg} < l < 85{\deg} (the Cygnus region), where Milagro observed an excess with respect to the predictions of current models. Great care has been taken in order to mask the most intense gamma-ray sources, including the TeV counterpart of the Cygnus cocoon recently identified by ARGO-YBJ, and to remove residual contributions. The ARGO-YBJ results do not show any excess at sub-TeV energies corresponding to the excess found by Milagro, and are consistent with the predictions of the Fermi model for the diffuse Galactic emission. From the measured energy distribution we derive spectral indices and the differential flux at 1 TeV of the diffuse gamma-ray emission in the sky regions investigated., Comment: 11 pages, 6 figures, published in APJ
Published: 2015

27. Cosmic Ray physics with ARGO-YBJ

Author: M. Iacovacci, B. Bartoli, S. Catalanotti, T. Di Girolamo, B. D'Ettorre Piazzoli, S. Mastroianni, Iacovacci, M., Bartoli, B., Catalanotti, S., Di Girolamo, T., D'Ettorre Piazzoli, B., and Mastroianni, S.
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Detector, Astronomy, Cosmic ray, Cosmic Rays, Extensive Air Showers, Astrophysics, Full coverage, 01 natural sciences, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Guard ring, 0103 physical sciences, Ultra-high-energy cosmic ray, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Single layer, Argo
Abstract: The ARGO-YBJ experiment has been in stable data taking from November 2007 till February 2013 at the Yang-BaJing Cosmic Ray Laboratory (Tibet, P.R.China, 4300 m a.s.l.). It exploits the full coverage and the high altitude to detect air showers with an energy threshold as low as a few hundred GeV. The detector is made of a single layer of RPCs operated in streamer mode, fully instrumenting a central carpet of about 5800 m 2 . A guard ring extends the partially instrumented area to about 11 , 000 m 2 . The main results so far achieved on Cosmic Ray physics are reported.
Published: 2013
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28. Detection of thermal neutrons with the PRISMA-YBJ array in extensive air showers selected by the ARGO-YBJ experiment

Author: M. Zha, Labaciren, C. C. Ning, O. B. Shchegolev, L. Zhang, T. L. Chen, C. Vigorito, Z. Y. Cai, Zhenyong Feng, P. Bernardini, P. Salvini, Hm Zhang, C. Y. Wu, G. Marsella, C. Q. Liu, Q. B. Gou, V. Volchenko, L. L. Ma, P. Vallania, Zhengguo Cao, R. Santonico, H. H. He, H. Lu, G. Mancarella, H. Wang, Danzengluobu, J. K. K. Liu, B. D'Ettorre Piazzoli, A. D'Amone, Q. Q. Zhu, A. F. Yuan, F. Shi, X. W. Guo, S. M. Mari, P. R. Shen, X. C. Yang, X. X. Zhou, T. Di Girolamo, L. Xue, V. V. Alekseenko, Yu. V. Stenkin, Zhaxiciren, Y. H. Tan, Zhaxisangzhu, Hongbo Hu, V. Aynutdinov, Cunfeng Feng, S. W. Cui, V.I. Stepanov, Yicheng Guo, X. J. Bi, Ye Liu, S. Vernetto, Q. Y. Yang, S. Z. Chen, F. R. Zhu, S. Mastroianni, H. Y. Jia, H. J. Li, H. R. Wu, P. Montini, X. H. Ma, V. Rulev, Minghui Liu, A. Surdo, G. Di Sciascio, Zhaoyang Feng, X. Y. Zhang, Xiangdong Sheng, J. Zhao, S. Catalanotti, B. Z. Dai, Y. J. Zhang, R. Iuppa, B. Bartoli, I. De Mitri, Haibing Hu, Z. G. Yao, L. Perrone, P. Pistilli, H. M. Zhang, M. Iacovacci, Bartoli, B., Bernardini, P., Bi, X. J., Cao, Z., Catalanotti, S., Chen, S. Z., Chen, T. L., Cui, S. W., Dai, B. Z., D’Amone, A., Danzengluobu, Null, De Mitri, I., D’Ettorre Piazzoli, B., Di Girolamo, T., Di Sciascio, G., Feng, C. F., Feng, Zhaoyang, Feng, Zhenyong, Gou, Q. B., Guo, Y. Q., He, H. H., Hu, Haibing, Hu, Hongbo, Iacovacci, M., Iuppa, R., Jia, H. Y., Labaciren, Null, Li, H. J., Liu, C., Liu, J., Liu, M. Y., Lu, H., Ma, L. L., Ma, X. H., Mancarella, G., Mari, Stefano Maria, Marsella, G., Mastroianni, S., Montini, Paolo, Ning, C. C., Perrone, L., Pistilli, Pio, Salvini, P., Santonico, R., Shen, P. R., Sheng, X. D., Shi, F., Surdo, A., Tan, Y. H., Vallania, P., Vernetto, S., Vigorito, C., Wang, H., Wu, C. Y., Wu, H. R., Xue, L., Yang, Q. Y., Yang, X. C., Yao, Z. G., Yuan, A. F., Zha, M., Zhang, H. M., Zhang, L., Zhang, X. Y., Zhang, Y., Zhao, J., Zhaxiciren, Null, Zhaxisangzhu, Null, Zhou, X. X., Zhu, F. R., Zhu, Q. Q., Stenkin, Y. u. V., Alekseenko, V. V., Aynutdinov, V., Cai, Z. Y., Guo, X. W., Liu, Y., Rulev, V., Shchegolev, O. B., Stepanov, V., Volchenko, V., Zhang, H., Bartoli, B, Bernardini, Paolo, Bi, Xj, Cao, Z, Catalanotti, S, Chen, Sz, Chen, Tl, Cui, Sw, Dai, Bz, D'Amone, Antonio, Danzengluobu, DE MITRI, Ivan, Piazzoli, Bd, Di Girolamo, T, Di Sciascio, G, Feng, Cf, Feng, Zy, Gou, Qb, Guo, Yq, He, Hh, Hu, H, Iacovacci, M, Iuppa, R, Jia, Hy, Labaciren, Li, Hj, Liu, C, Liu, J, Liu, My, Lu, H, Ma, Ll, Ma, Xh, Mancarella, Giovanni, Mari, Sm, Marsella, Giovanni, Mastroianni, S, Montini, P, Ning, Cc, Perrone, Lorenzo, Pistilli, P, Salvini, P, Santonico, R, Shen, Pr, Sheng, Xd, Shi, F, Surdo, A, Tan, Yh, Vallania, P, Vernetto, S, Vigorito, C, Wang, H, Wu, Cy, Wu, Hr, Xue, L, Yang, Qy, Yang, Xc, Yao, Zg, Yuan, Af, Zha, M, Zhang, Hm, Zhang, L, Zhang, Xy, Zhang, Y, Zhao, J, Zhaxiciren, Zhaxisangzhu, Zhou, Xx, Zhu, Fr, Zhu, Qq, Stenkin, Yv, Alekseenko, Vv, Aynutdinov, V, Cai, Zy, Guo, Xw, Liu, Y, Rulev, V, Shchegolev, Ob, Stepanov, V, Volchenko, V, Zhang, H[ 7 ] . . . Less, Bartoli, Bruno, Catalanotti, Sergio, D'ETTORRE PIAZZOLI, Benedetto, DI GIROLAMO, Tristano, Iacovacci, Michele, Mari, S. M., Montini, P., and Pistilli, P.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Hadron, Extensive air shower, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, 01 natural sciences, Nuclear physics, EN-detector, Hadronic component, RPC, Thermal neutron, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Observatory, Coincident, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, Cosmic-ray observatory, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, Calorimeter (particle physics), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Neutron temperature, Air shower, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: We report on a measurement of thermal neutrons, generated by the hadronic component of extensive air showers (EAS), by means of a small array of EN-detectors developed for the PRISMA project (PRImary Spectrum Measurement Array), novel devices based on a compound alloy of ZnS(Ag) and $^{6}$LiF. This array has been operated within the ARGO-YBJ experiment at the high altitude Cosmic Ray Observatory in Yangbajing (Tibet, 4300 m a.s.l.). Due to the tight correlation between the air shower hadrons and thermal neutrons, this technique can be envisaged as a simple way to estimate the number of high energy hadrons in EAS. Coincident events generated by primary cosmic rays of energies greater than 100 TeV have been selected and analyzed. The EN-detectors have been used to record simultaneously thermal neutrons and the air shower electromagnetic component. The density distributions of both components and the total number of thermal neutrons have been measured. The correlation of these data with the measurements carried out by ARGO-YBJ confirms the excellent performance of the EN-detector., 35 pages, 16 figures
Published: 2016

29. Search for gamma ray bursts with the ARGO-YBJ detector in scaler mode

Author: THE ARGO YBJ C.O.L.L.A.B.O.R.A.T.I.O.N.G. Aielli a, b, C. Bacci c, d, B. Bartoli e, f, P. Bernardini g, h, X. J. Bi i, C. Bleve g, P. Branchini d, A. Budano d, S. Bussino c, A. K. Calabrese Melcarne x, P. Camarri a, Z. Cao i, A. Cappa j, k, R. Cardarelli b, S. Catalanotti f, e, C. Cattaneo l, P. Celio c, S. Z. Chen i, Y. Chen i, N. Cheng i, P. Creti h, S. W. Cuim, B. Z. Dai o, G. D’Alí Staiti n, p, Danzengluobu q, M. Dattoli j, k, r, I. De Mitri g, B. D’Ettorre Piazzoli f, M. DeVincenzi c, T. Di Girolamo f, X. H. Ding q, G. Di Sciascio b, C. F. Feng s, ZhaoyangFeng i, Zhenyong Feng t, F. Galeazzi d, P. Galeotti j, r, R. Gargana d, Q. B. Gou i, Y. Q. Guo i, H. H. He i, Haibing Huq, Hongbo Hui, Q. Huang t, M. Iacovacci f, R. Iuppa a, I. James c, H. Y. Jia t, Labaciren q, H. J. Li q, J. Y. Li s, X. X. Li i, B. Liberti b, G. Liguori l, u, C. Liu i, C. Q. Liu o, M. Y. Lium, J. Liu o, H. Lui, X. H. Mai, G. Mancarellag, c, d, G. Marsella h, v, D. Martello g, S. Mastroianni e, X. R. Meng q, P. Montini c, C. C. Ning q, A. Pagliaro n, w, M. Panareo h, L. Perrone h, P. Pistilli c, X. B. Qu s, E. Rossi e, F. Ruggieri d, L. Saggese f, P. Salvini l, R. Santonico a, P. R. Shen i, X. D. Sheng i, F. Shi i, C. Stanescu d, A. Surdo h, Y. H. Tan i, P. Vallania j, S. Vernetto j, C. Vigorito j, B. Wangi, H. Wang i, C. Y. Wui, H. R. Wui, B. Xut, L. Xues, Y. X. Yanm, Q. Y. Yang o, X. C. Yang o, A. F. Yuan q, M. Zha i, H. M. Zhang i, JiLong Zhang i, JianLi Zhang i, L. Zhang o, P. Zhang o, X. Y. Zhang s, Y. Zhang i, Zhaxisangzhu q, X. X. Zhou t, F. R. Zhu i, Q. Q. Zhu i, G. Zizzi g, MARI, Stefano Maria, Aielli, G, Bacci, C, Bartoli, B, Bernardini, P, Bi, Xj, Bleve, C, Branchini, P, Budano, A, Bussino, Severino Angelo Maria, Calabrese Melcarne, Ak, Camarri, P, Cao, Z, Cappa, A, Cardarelli, R, Catalanotti, S, Cattaneo, C, Celio, P, Chen, Sz, Chen, Tl, Chen, Y, Cheng, N, Creti, P, Cui, Sw, Dai, Bz, D'Ali Staiti, G, Danzengluobu, Dattoli, M, De Mitri, I, D'Ettorre Piazzoli, B, De Vincenzi, M, Di Girolamo, T, Ding, Xh, Di Sciascio, G, Feng, Cf, Feng Zhao, Yang, Feng Zhen, Yong, Galeazzi, F, Galeotti, P, Gargana, R, Gou, Qb, Guo, Yq, He, Hh, Hu, Haibing, Hu Hong, Bo, Huang, Q, Iacovacci, M, Iuppa, R, James, I, Jia, Hy, Labaciren, Li, Hj, Li, Jy, Li, Xx, Liberti, B, Liguori, G, Liu, C, Liu, Cq, Liu, My, Liu, J, Lu, H, Ma, Xh, Mancarella, G, Mari, Stefano Maria, Marsella, G, Martello, D, Mastroianni, S, Meng, Xr, Montini, P, Ning, Cc, Pagliaro, A, Panareo, M, Perrone, L, Pistilli, P, Qu, Xb, Rossi, E, Ruggieri, F, Saggese, L, Salvini, P, Santonico, R, Shen, Pr, Sheng, Xd, Shi, F, Stanescu, C, Surdo, A, Tan, Yh, Vallania, P, Vernetto, S, Vigorito, C, Wang, B, Wang, H, Wu, Cy, Wu, Hr, Xu, B, Xue, L, Yan, Yx, Yang, Qy, Yang, Xc, Yuan, Af, Zha, M, Zhang, Hm, Zhang Ji, Long, Zhang Jian, Li, Zhang, L, Zhang, P, Zhang, Xy, Zhang, Y, Zhaxisangzhu, Zhou, Xx, Zhu, Fr, Zhu, Qq, Zizzi, G., G., Aielli, C., Bacci, F., Barone, B., Bartoli, Bernardini, Paolo, X. J., Bi, C., Bleve, P., Branchini, A., Budano, S., Bussino, A. K., Calabrese Melcarne, P., Camarri, Z., Cao, A., Cappa, R., Cardarelli, S., Catalanotti, C., Cattaneo, S., Cavaliere, P., Celio, S. Z., Chen, N., Cheng, P., Creti, S. W., Cui, G., Cusumano, B. Z., Dai, G., D’Alí Staiti, M., Dattoli, DE MITRI, Ivan, R., De Rosa, B., D’Ettorre Piazzoli, M., De Vincenzi, T., Di Girolamo, X. H., Ding, G., Di Sciascio, C. F., Feng, Zhaoyang, Feng, Zhenyong, Feng, C., Ferrigno, F., Galeazzi, P., Galeotti, X. Y., Gao, R., Gargana, F., Garufi, Q. B., Gou, H. H., He, Haibing, Hu, Hongbo, Hu, Q., Huang, M., Iacovacci, I., Jame, H. Y., Jia, H. J., Li, J. Y., Li, B., Liberti, G., Liguori, C. Q., Liu, J., Liu, H., Lu, Mancarella, Giovanni, S. M., Mari, Marsella, Giovanni, Martello, Daniele, S., Mastroianni, X. R., Meng, J., Mu, L., Nicastro, C. C., Ning, L., Palummo, Panareo, Marco, Perrone, Lorenzo, P., Pistilli, X. B., Qu, E., Rossi, F., Ruggieri, L., Saggese, P., Salvini, R., Santonico, A., Segreto, P. R., Shen, X. D., Sheng, F., Shi, C., Stanescu, A., Surdo, Y. H., Tan, P., Vallania, S., Vernetto, C., Vigorito, H., Wang, Y. G., Wang, C. Y., Wu, H. R., Wu, B., Xu, L., Xue, H. T., Yang, Q. Y., Yang, X. C., Yang, G. C., Yu, A. F., Yuan, M., Zha, H. M., Zhang, J. L., Zhang, L., Zhang, P., Zhang, X. Y., Zhang, Y., Zhang, X. X., Zhou, F. R., Zhu, Q. Q., Zhu, G., Zizzi, Aielli a, THE ARGO YBJ C. O. L. L. A. B. O. R. A. T. I. O. N. G., B, C., Bacci c, D, B., Bartoli e, F, P., Bernardini g, H, X. J., Bi i, C., Bleve g, P., Branchini d, A., Budano d, S., Bussino c, A. K., Calabrese Melcarne x, P., Camarri a, Z., Cao i, A., Cappa j, K, R., Cardarelli b, S., Catalanotti f, E, C., Cattaneo l, P., Celio c, S. Z., Chen i, Y., Chen i, N., Cheng i, P., Creti h, S. W., Cuim, B. Z., Dai o, G., D’Alí Staiti n, P, Danzengluobu, Q, M., Dattoli j, K, R, I., De Mitri g, B., D’Ettorre Piazzoli f, M., DeVincenzi c, T., Di Girolamo f, X. H., Ding q, G., Di Sciascio b, Zhaoyangfeng, I, Zhenyong Feng, T, F., Galeazzi d, P., Galeotti j, R, R., Gargana d, Q. B., Gou i, Y. Q., Guo i, H. H., He i, Haibing, Huq, Hongbo, Hui, Q., Huang t, M., Iacovacci f, R., Iuppa a, I., James c, H. Y., Jia t, Labaciren, Q, H. J., Li q, X. X., Li i, B., Liberti b, G., Liguori l, U, C., Liu i, C. Q., Liu o, M. Y., Lium, J., Liu o, H., Lui, X. H., Mai, G., Mancarellag, C, D, G., Marsella h, V, D., Martello g, S., Mastroianni e, X. R., Meng q, P., Montini c, C. C., Ning q, A., Pagliaro n, W, M., Panareo h, L., Perrone h, P., Pistilli c, E., Rossi e, F., Ruggieri d, L., Saggese f, P., Salvini l, R., Santonico a, P. R., Shen i, X. D., Sheng i, F., Shi i, C., Stanescu d, A., Surdo h, Y. H., Tan i, P., Vallania j, S., Vernetto j, C., Vigorito j, B., Wangi, H., Wang i, C. Y., Wui, H. R., Wui, B., Xut, Y. X., Yanm, Q. Y., Yang o, X. C., Yang o, A. F., Yuan q, M., Zha i, H. M., Zhang i, JiLong Zhang, I, JianLi Zhang, I, L., Zhang o, P., Zhang o, Y., Zhang i, Zhaxisangzhu, Q, X. X., Zhou t, F. R., Zhu i, Q. Q., Zhu i, G., Zizzi g, Barone, F, Melcarne, Akc, Cavaliere, S, Staiti, Gd, De Rosa, R, Piazzoli, Bd, DE VINCENZI, Mario, Feng, Zy, Gao, Xy, Garufi, F, Hu, Hb, Mu, J, Palummo, L, Segreto, A, Wang, Yg, Yang, Ht, Yu, Gc, Zhang, Jl, Bleve, Carla, CALABRESE MELCARNE, ANNA KAREN, G., D’Alì Staiti, Y. Q., Guo, R., Iuppa, Zizzi, Giovanni, DI GIROLAMO, Tristano, Aielli, G., Bacci, C., Barone, F., Bartoli, Bruno, Bernardini, P., Bleve, C., Branchini, P., Budano, A., Bussino, S., Calabrese Melcarne, A. K., Camarri, P., Cao, Z., Cappa, A., Cardarelli, R., Catalanotti, Sergio, Cattaneo, C., Cavaliere, Sergio, Celio, P., Chen, S. Z., Cheng, N., Creti, P., Cui, S. W., Dai, B. Z., D'Alì Staiti, G., Dattoli, M., De Mitri, I., DE ROSA, Rosario, D'ETTORRE PIAZZOLI, Benedetto, De Vincenzi, M., Ding, X. H., Di Sciascio, G., Feng, C. F., Galeazzi, F., Galeotti, P., Gao, X. Y., Gargana, R., Garufi, Fabio, Gou, Q. B., Guo, Y. Q., Huang, Q., Iacovacci, Michele, Iuppa, R., James, I., Jia, H. Y., Liberti, B., Liguori, G., Liu, C. Q., Liu, J., Lu, H., Mancarella, G., Mari, S. M., Marsella, G., Martello, D., Mastroianni, S., Meng, X. R., Mu, J., Ning, C. C., Palummo, L., Panareo, M., Perrone, L., Pistilli, P., Rossi, E., Ruggieri, F., Saggese, L., Salvini, P., Santonico, R., Segreto, A., Shen, P. R., Sheng, X. D., Shi, F., Stanescu, C., Surdo, A., Tan, Y. H., Vallania, P., Vernetto, S., Vigorito, C., Wang, H., Wang, Y. G., Xu, B., Xue, L., Yang, H. T., Yang, Q. Y., Yang, X. C., Yuan, A. F., Zha, M., Zhang, H. M., Zhang, J. L., Zhang, L., Zhang, P., Zhang, X. Y., Zhang, Y., Zhou, X. X., Zhu, F. R., Zhu, Q. Q., AIELLI, G, BACCI, C, BARONE, F, BARTOLI, B, BERNARDINI, P, BI, XJ, BLEVE, C, BRANCHINI, P, BUDANO, A, BUSSINO, S, CALABRESE MELCARNE, AK, CAMARRI, P, CAO, Z, CAPPA, A, CARDARELLI, R, CATALANOTTI, S, CATTANEO, C, CAVALIERE, S, CELIO, P, CHEN, SZ, CHENG, N, CRETI, P, CUI, SW, DAI, BZ, D'ALI'STAITI, G, DANZENGLUOBU, DATTOLI, M, DE MITRI, I, DE ROSA, R, DETTORRE PIAZZOLI, B, DE VINCENZI, M, DI GIROLAMO, T, DING, XH, DI SCIASCIO, G, FENG, CF, FENG, ZHAOYANG, FENG, ZHENYONG, GALEAZZI, F, GALEOTTI, P, GAO, XY, GARGANA, R, GARUFI, F, GOU, QB, GUO, YQ, HE, HH, HU, HAIBING, HU, HONGBO, HUANG, Q, IACOVACCI, M, IUPPA, R, JAMES, I, JIA, HY, LABACIREN, LI, HJ, LI, JY, LIBERTI, B, LIGUORI, G, LIU, CQ, LIU, J, LU, H, MANCARELLA, G, MARI, SM, MARSELLA, G, MARTELLO, D, MASTROIANNI, S, MENG, XR, MU, J, NING, CC, PALUMMO, L, PANAREO, M, PERRONE, L, PISTILLI, P, QU, XB, ROSSI, E, RUGGIERI, F, SAGGESE, L, SALVINI, P, SANTONICO, R, SEGRETO, A, SHEN, PR, SHENG, XD, SHI, F, STANESCU, C, SURDO, A, TAN, YH, VALLANIA, P, VERNETTO, S, VIGORITO, C, WANG, H, WANG, YG, WU, CY, WU, HR, XU, B, XUE, L, YANG, HT, YANG, QY, YANG, XC, YU, GC, YUAN, AF, ZHA, M, ZHANG, HM, ZHANG, JL, ZHANG, L, ZHANG, P, ZHANG, XY, ZHANG, Y, ZHAXISANGZHU, ZHOU, XX, ZHU, FR, ZHU, QQ, and ZIZZI, G
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Gamma ray burst, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Air shower array, Astrophysics, Argo-Ybj, Settore FIS/05 - Astronomia e Astrofisica, Observatory, Gamma Rays Observations, Instrumentation, Zenith, Argo, Physics, Range (particle radiation), Apparati di sciame, Detector, Settore FIS/01 - Fisica Sperimentale, Gamma ray, Gamma ray bursts, Air shower arrays, Mode (statistics), Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Redshift, Air shower, Space and Planetary Science, Gamma Ray Bursts, Gamma Ray Emission, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Gamma-ray burst
Abstract: We report on the search for Gamma Ray Bursts (GRBs) in the energy range 1-100 GeV in coincidence with the prompt emission detected by satellites using the Astrophysical Radiation with Ground-based Observatory at YangBaJing (ARGO-YBJ) air shower detector. Thanks to its mountain location (Yangbajing, Tibet, P.R. China, 4300 m a.s.l.), active surface (about 6700 m**2 of Resistive Plate Chambers), and large field of view (about 2 sr, limited only by the atmospheric absorption), the ARGO-YBJ air shower detector is particularly suitable for the detection of unpredictable and short duration events such as GRBs. The search is carried out using the "single particle technique", i.e. counting all the particles hitting the detector without measurement of the energy and arrival direction of the primary gamma rays. Between 2004 December 17 and 2009 April 7, 81 GRBs detected by satellites occurred within the field of view of ARGO-YBJ (zenith angle < 45 deg). It was possible to examine 62 of these for >1 GeV counterpart in the ARGO-YBJ data finding no statistically significant emission. With a lack of detected spectra in this energy range fluence upper limits are profitable, especially when the redshift is known and the correction for the extragalactic absorption can be considered. The obtained fluence upper limits reach values as low as 10**{-5} erg cm**{-2} in the 1-100 GeV energy region. Besides this individual search for a higher energy counterpart, a statistical study of the stack of all the GRBs both in time and in phase was made, looking for a common feature in the GRB high energy emission. No significant signal has been detected., Comment: accepted for publication in ApJ
Published: 2008

30. Performance of the resistive plate chambers in the ARGO-YBJ experiment

Author: The Argo YBJ Collaboration: G. Aielli a, b, C. Bacci c, d, F. Barone e, f, B. Bartoli g, P. Bernardini h, i, X. J. Bi j, C. Bleve h, i, 1, P. Branchini d, A. Budano d, S. Bussino c, A. K. Calabrese Melcarne h, P. Camarri a, Z. Cao j, A. Cappa k, l, R. Cardarelli b, S. Catalanotti g, C. Cattaneo m, S. Cavaliere g, P. Celio c, S. Z. Chen j, N. Cheng j, P. Creti i, S. W. Cui n, G. Cusumano o, p, B. Z. Dai q, G. D’Alí Staiti p, r, Danzengluobu s, M. Dattoli k, l, t, I. De Mitri h, R. De Rosa g, B. D’Ettorre Piazzoli g, M. De Vincenzi c, T. Di Girolamo g, X. H. Ding s, G. Di Sciascio f, C. F. Feng u, Zhaoyang Feng j, ZhenyongFeng v, C. Ferrigno o, F. Galeazzi d, P. Galeotti k, t, X. Y. Gao q. R. Gargana d, F. Garufig, Q. B. Gou j, H. H. He j, Haibing Hu s, Hongbo Hu j, Q. Huang v, M. Iacovacci g, I. James m, w, H. Y. Jia v, Labaciren s, H. J. Li s, J. Y. Li u, B. Liberti b, G. Liguori m, C. Q. Liuq, J. Liu q, H. Lu j, G. Mancarella h, MARI, Stefano Maria, c, d, G. Marsella i, x, D. Martello h, S. Mastroianni c, X. R. Meng s, J. Mu q, L. Nicastro p, y, C. C. Ning s, L. Palummo a, M. Panareo i, L. Perrone i, P. Pistilli c, X. B. Qu u, E. Rossi f, F. Ruggieri d, L. Saggese g, P. Salvini m, R. Santonico a, A. Segreto o, P. R. Shen j, X. D. Sheng j, F. Shi j, C. Stanescu d, A. Surdo i, Y. H. Tan j, P. Vallania k, S. Vernetto k, C. Vigorito k, H. Wang j, Y. G. Wang j, C. Y. Wu j, H. R. Wu j, B. Xu v, L. Xue u, H. T. Yang q, Q. Y. Yang q, X. C. Yang q, G. C. Yu v, A. F. Yuan s, M. Zha j, H. M. Zhang j, J. L. Zhang j, L. Zhang q, P. Zhang q, X. Y. Zhang u, Y. Zhang j, Zhaxisangzhu s, X. X. Zhou v, F. R. Zhu j, Q. Q. Zhu j, G. Zizzi h, The Argo YBJ Collaboration: G., Aielli a, B, C., Bacci c, D, F., Barone e, F, B., Bartoli g, P., Bernardini h, I, X. J., Bi j, C., Bleve h, I, 1, P., Branchini d, A., Budano d, S., Bussino c, A. K., Calabrese Melcarne h, P., Camarri a, Z., Cao j, A., Cappa k, L, R., Cardarelli b, S., Catalanotti g, C., Cattaneo m, S., Cavaliere g, P., Celio c, S. Z., Chen j, N., Cheng j, P., Creti i, S. W., Cui n, G., Cusumano o, P, B. Z., Dai q, G., D’Alí Staiti p, R, Danzengluobu, S, M., Dattoli k, L, T, I., De Mitri h, R., De Rosa g, B., D’Ettorre Piazzoli g, M., De Vincenzi c, T., Di Girolamo g, X. H., Ding, G., Di Sciascio f, C. F., Feng u, Zhaoyang Feng, J, Zhenyongfeng, V, C., Ferrigno o, F., Galeazzi d, P., Galeotti k, T, X. Y. Gao q. R., Gargana d, F., Garufig, Q. B., Gou j, H. H., He j, Haibing Hu, S, Hongbo Hu, J, Q., Huang v, M., Iacovacci g, I., James m, W, H. Y., Jia v, Labaciren, S, H. J., Li, J. Y., Li u, B., Liberti b, G., Liguori m, C. Q., Liuq, J., Liu q, H., Lu j, G., Mancarella h, Mari, Stefano Maria, C, D, G., Marsella i, X, D., Martello h, S., Mastroianni c, X. R., Meng, J., Mu q, L., Nicastro p, Y, C. C., Ning, L., Palummo a, M., Panareo i, L., Perrone i, P., Pistilli c, X. B., Qu u, E., Rossi f, F., Ruggieri d, L., Saggese g, P., Salvini m, R., Santonico a, A., Segreto o, P. R., Shen j, X. D., Sheng j, F., Shi j, C., Stanescu d, A., Surdo i, Y. H., Tan j, P., Vallania k, S., Vernetto k, C., Vigorito k, H., Wang j, Y. G., Wang j, C. Y., Wu j, H. R., Wu j, B., Xu v, L., Xue u, H. T., Yang q, Q. Y., Yang q, X. C., Yang q, G. C., Yu v, A. F., Yuan, M., Zha j, H. M., Zhang j, J. L., Zhang j, L., Zhang q, P., Zhang q, X. Y., Zhang u, Y., Zhang j, Zhaxisangzhu, S, X. X., Zhou v, F. R., Zhu j, Q. Q., Zhu j, G., Zizzi h, G., Aielli, C., Bacci, F., Barone, B., Bartoli, Bernardini, Paolo, X. J., Bi, C., Bleve, P., Branchini, A., Budano, S., Bussino, A. K., Calabrese Melcarne, P., Camarri, Z., Cao, A., Cappa, R., Cardarelli, S., Catalanotti, C., Cattaneo, S., Cavaliere, P., Celio, S. Z., Chen, N., Cheng, P., Creti, S. W., Cui, G., Cusumano, B. Z., Dai, G., D’Alí Staiti, Danzengluobu, M., Dattoli, DE MITRI, Ivan, R., De Rosa, B., D’Ettorre Piazzoli, M., De Vincenzi, T., Di Girolamo, G., Di Sciascio, C. F., Feng, Zhaoyang, Feng, Zhenyong, Feng, C., Ferrigno, F., Galeazzi, P., Galeotti, X. Y., Gao, R., Gargana, F., Garufi, Q. B., Gou, H. H., He, Haibing, Hu, Hongbo, Hu, Q., Huang, M., Iacovacci, I., Jame, H. Y., Jia, Labaciren, J. Y., Li, B., Liberti, G., Liguori, C. Q., Liu, J., Liu, H., Lu, Mancarella, Giovanni, S. M., Mari, Marsella, Giovanni, Martello, Daniele, S., Mastroianni, J., Mu, L., Nicastro, L., Palummo, Panareo, Marco, Perrone, Lorenzo, P., Pistilli, X. B., Qu, E., Rossi, F., Ruggieri, L., Saggese, P., Salvini, R., Santonico, A., Segreto, P. R., Shen, X. D., Sheng, F., Shi, C., Stanescu, A., Surdo, Y. H., Tan, P., Vallania, S., Vernetto, C., Vigorito, H., Wang, Y. G., Wang, C. Y., Wu, H. R., Wu, B., Xu, L., Xue, H. T., Yang, Q. Y., Yang, X. C., Yang, G. C., Yu, M., Zha, H. M., Zhang, J. L., Zhang, L., Zhang, P., Zhang, X. Y., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Zhaxisangzhu, X. X., Zhou, F. R., Zhu, Q. Q., Zhu, and G., Zizzi
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Range (particle radiation), Resistive touchscreen, Gamma-ray astronomy, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Detector, Settore FIS/01 - Fisica Sperimentale, Extensive Air Shower, Extensive Air Showers, Resistive Plate Chambers, Resistive Plate Chambers, Extensive Air Showers, Gamma-ray astronomy, Nuclear physics, Optics, Sampling (signal processing), High Energy Physics::Experiment, Current (fluid), business, Instrumentation, Energy (signal processing), Order of magnitude, Argo
Abstract: The ARGO-YBJ experiment is designed for the detection of Extensive Air Showers (EAS) in the primary energy range 100 GeV–10 TeV. Its full-coverage feature allows to lower the energy threshold about one order of magnitude with respect to sampling EAS detectors. Here the performance of the RPC array is described and the current status of the experiment is presented.
Published: 2007

31. Erratum to 'Design and expected performance of a novel hybrid detector for very-high-energy gamma-ray astrophysics' [Astropart. Phys. 99 (2018) 34–42]

Author: R. Conceição, G. Matthiae, Pedro Assis, R. C. Shellard, A. Blanco, P. Fonte, L. Lopes, M. Pimenta, U. Barres de Almeida, B. Tome, A. De Angelis, Michele Doro, and B. D'Ettorre Piazzoli
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear physics, High energy, Detector, Gamma ray astrophysics, Astronomy and Astrophysics
Published: 2018
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32. EAS-TOP: The proton-air inelastic cross-section at

Author: L. Bergamasco, P. Galeotti, B. D'Ettorre Piazzoli, M. Iacovacci, E. Cantoni, M. E. Bertaina, G. Mannocchi, Gian Carlo Trinchero, Antonella Castellina, O. Saavedra, Piero Vallania, A. Chiavassa, F. Arneodo, Bruno Alessandro, G. Di Sciascio, Piera Luisa Ghia, C. Morello, A. Stamerra, G. Navarra, S. Vernetto, Carlo Vigorito, Pietro Antonioli, W. Fulgione, Marco Aglietta, M., Aglietta, B., Alessandro, P., Antonioli, F., Arneodo, L., Bergamasco, M., Bertaina, A., Castellina, E., Cantoni, A., Chiavassa, D'ETTORRE PIAZZOLI, Benedetto, G., Di Sciascio, W., Fulgione, P., Galeotti, P. L., Ghia, Iacovacci, Michele, G., Mannocchi, C., Morello, G., Navarra, O., Saavedra, A., Stamerra, G. C., Trinchero, P., Vallania, S., Vernetto, and C., Vigorito
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Cross section (physics), Muon, Air shower, Proton, Attenuation length, Cosmic ray, Atomic physics, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Abstract: The proton-air inelastic cross section measurement at s ≈ 2 TeV from the EAS-TOP Extensive Air Shower experiment is reported. The technique exploits cosmic ray proton primaries, in the energy region E 0 = ( 1.5 ÷ 2.5 ) ⋅ 10 15 eV , studying the absorption length of their cascades when detected at maximum development. Primary energies are selected through the EAS muon number ( N e ), and proton originated cascades at maximum development by means of the shower size ( N e ). The shower and detector fluctuations are obtained with simulations performed using the CORSIKA code and the QGSJET II and SIBYLL interaction models. The simulations provide the conversion factor ( k = λ o b s / λ i n t ), from the observed absorption length ( λ o b s e x p ) to the interaction length ( λ p − air ). The obtained value of the p-air inelastic cross section at s ≈ 2 TeV is σ p − air i n e l = 338 ± 21 ( s t a t ) ± 19 ( s y s t ) − 28 ( s y s t ) mb . The relevant issue of systematic uncertainties have been studied. The connections with the pp ( p ¯ p ) total cross section measurements are discussed.
Published: 2009
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33. Observation of TeV gamma rays from the Cygnus region with the ARGO-YBJ experiment

Author: Carla Bleve, Q. Q. Zhu, B. S. Wang, Zhaxisangzhu, Hongbo Hu, C. F. Feng, B. Bartoli, Carlo Vigorito, S. M. Mari, A. F. Yuan, X. D. Sheng, Zhengguo Cao, Paolo Montini, T. Di Girolamo, G. Liguori, B. D'Ettorre Piazzoli, R. Iuppa, L. L. Ma, Haibing Hu, Jilong Zhang, Y. Q. Guo, E. Giroletti, Y. B. Chen, H. J. Li, Chang-Chun Ning, Zhaoyang Feng, H. R. Wu, F. Ruggieri, Y. Zhang, P. Bernardini, S. W. Cui, D. Martello, B. Panico, Labaciren, Jianli Zhang, L. Xue, M. Iacovacci, M. Zha, M. Y. Liu, P. R. Shen, X. Y. Zhang, B. Z. Dai, J. K. K. Liu, Antonio Budano, P. Pistilli, H. M. Zhang, X. X. Zhou, C. Cattaneo, H. Y. Jia, X. H. Ding, Hong-peng Lu, Q. Y. Yang, Zhaxiciren, P. Creti, A. K. Calabrese Melcarne, P. F. Zhang, Cristian Stanescu, P. Branchini, A. Surdo, Roberto Cardarelli, Danzengluobu, G. Zizzi, Q. Huang, X. J. Bi, G. Marsella, Zhenyong Feng, F. R. Zhu, S. Vernetto, C. Liu, Bingwei Xu, X. X. Li, S. Catalanotti, Paolo Camarri, Z. G. Yao, H.H. He, M. Dattoli, M. Panareo, Huaguang Wang, Y. H. Tan, X. H. Ma, Q. B. Gou, I. De Mitri, J. B. Zhao, P. Salvini, Fudong Shi, A. Pagliaro, S. Mastroianni, J. Y. Li, T. L. Chen, I. Bolognino, S. Z. Chen, Giovanni Mancarella, G. Di Sciascio, X. C. Yang, R. Santonico, Irina James, L. Perrone, F. Galeazzi, Longzhou Zhang, C. Y. Wu, C. Q. Liu, G. D'Alí Staiti, P. Vallania, B., Bartoli, Bernardini, Paolo, X. J., Bi, C., Bleve, I., Bolognino, P., Branchini, A., Budano, A. K., Calabrese Melcarne, P., Camarri, Z., Cao, R., Cardarelli, S., Catalanotti, C., Cattaneo, S. Z., Chen, T. L., Chen, Y., Chen, P., Creti, S. W., Cui, B. Z., Dai, G., D'Alí Staiti, Danzengluobu, M., Dattoli, DE MITRI, Ivan, B., D'Ettorre Piazzoli, T., Di Girolamo, X. H., Ding, G., Di Sciascio, C. F., Feng, Zhaoyang, Feng, Zhenyong, Feng, F., Galeazzi, E., Giroletti, Q. B., Gou, Y. Q., Guo, H. H., He, Haibing, Hu, Hongbo, Hu, Q., Huang, M., Iacovacci, R., Iuppa, I., Jame, H. Y., Jia, Labaciren, H. J., Li, J. Y., Li, X. X., Li, G., Liguori, C., Liu, C. Q., Liu, J., Liu, M. Y., Liu, H., Lu, L. L., Ma, X. H., Ma, Mancarella, Giovanni, S. M., Mari, Marsella, Giovanni, Martello, Daniele, S., Mastroianni, P., Montini, C. C., Ning, A., Pagliaro, Panareo, Marco, B., Panico, Perrone, Lorenzo, P., Pistilli, F., Ruggieri, P., Salvini, R., Santonico, P. R., Shen, X. D., Sheng, F., Shi, C., Stanescu, A., Surdo, Y. H., Tan, P., Vallania, S., Vernetto, C., Vigorito, B., Wang, H., Wang, C. Y., Wu, H. R., Wu, B., Xu, L., Xue, Q. Y., Yang, X. C., Yang, Z. G., Yao, A. F., Yuan, M., Zha, H. M., Zhang, Jilong, Zhang, Jianli, Zhang, L., Zhang, P., Zhang, X. Y., Zhang, Y., Zhang, J., Zhao, Zhaxiciren, Zhaxisangzhu, X. X., Zhou, F. R., Zhu, Q. Q., Zhu, G., Zizzi, Bartoli, Bruno, Bernardini, P., Bleve, C., Bolognino, I., Branchini, P., Budano, A., A. K. C., Camarri, P., Cao, Z., Cardarelli, R., Catalanotti, Sergio, Cattaneo, C., Chen, S. Z., Chen, T. L., Chen, Y., Creti, P., Cui, S. W., Dai, B. Z., Staiti, G. D., Dattoli, M., Mitri, I. D., D'ETTORRE PIAZZOLI, Benedetto, DI GIROLAMO, Tristano, Ding, X. H., Sciascio, G. D., Feng, C. F., Feng, Z. Y., Galeazzi, F., Giroletti, E., Gou, Q. B., Guo, Y. Q., H. B., Hu, Huang, Q., Iacovacci, Michele, Iuppa, R., James, I., Jia, H. Y., Liguori, G., Liu, C., Liu, C. Q., Liu, J., Liu, M. Y., Lu, H., Mancarella, G., Mari, S. M., Marsella, G., Martello, D., Mastroianni, S., Montini, P., Ning, C. C., Pagliaro, A., Panareo, M., Panico, B., Perrone, L., Pistilli, P., Ruggieri, F., Salvini, P., Santonico, R., Shen, P. R., Sheng, X. D., Shi, F., Stanescu, C., Surdo, A., Tan, Y. H., Vallania, P., Vernetto, S., Vigorito, C., Wang, B., Wang, H., Xu, B., Xue, L., Yang, Q. Y., Yang, X. C., Yao, Z. G., Yuan, A. F., Zha, M., Zhang, H. M., Zhang, J. L., Zhang, L., Zhang, P., Zhang, X. Y., Zhang, Y., Zhao, J., Zhou, X. X., Zhu, F. R., Zhu, Q. Q., Zizzi, G., Bartoli, B, Bernardini, P, Bi, XJ, Bleve, C, Bolognino, I, Branchini, P, Budano, A, Calabrese Melcarne, AK, Camarri, P, Cao, Z, Cardarelli, R, Catalanotti, S, Cattaneo, C, Chen, SZ, Chen, TL, Chen, Y, Creti, P, Cui, SW, Dai, BZ, D’Ali Staiti, G, Dattoli, M, De Mitri, I, D’Ettorre Piazzoli, B, Di Girolamo, T, Ding, XH, Di Sciascio, G, Feng, CF, Feng, ZYa, Feng, ZYo, Galeazzi, F, Giroletti, E, Gou, QB, Guo, YQ, He, HH, Hu, HBi, Hu, HBo, Huang, Q, Iacovacci, M, Iuppa, R, James, I, Jia, HY, Li, HJ, Li, JY, Li, XX, Liguori, G, Liu, C, Liu, CQ, Liu, J, Liu, MY, Lu, H, Ma, LL, Ma, XH, Mancarella, G, Mari, SM, Marsella, G, Martello, D, Mastroianni, S, Montini, P, Ning, CC, Pagliaro, A, Panareo, M, Panico, B, Perrone, L, Pistilli, P, Ruggieri, F, Salvini, P, Santonico, R, Shen, PR, Sheng, XD, Shi, F, Stanescu, C, Surdo, A, Tan, YH, Vallania, P, Vernetto, S, Vigorito, C, Wang, B, Wang, H, Wu, CY, Wu, HR, Xu, B, Xue, L, Yang, QY, Yang, XC, Yao, ZG, Yuan, AF, M. Zha, M, Zhang, HM, Zhang, JLi, Zhang, JLo, Zhang, L, Zhang, P, Zhang, XY, Zhang, Y, Zhao, J, Zhaxiciren, Zhaxisangzhu, Zhou, XX, Zhu, FR, Zhu, QQ, Zizzi, G, Bartoli, B., Bi, X. J., Melcarne A. K., Calabrese, Catalanotti, S., Staiti G., D'Ali, De Mitri, I., Piazzoli B., D'Ettorre, Di Girolamo, T., Di Sciascio, G., Feng, Zhaoyang, Feng, Zhenyong, He, H. H., Hu, Haibing, Hu, Hongbo, Iacovacci, M., Li, H. J., Li, J. Y., Li, X. X., Ma, L. L., Ma, X. H., Mari, Stefano Maria, Wu, C. Y., Wu, H. R., Zhang, Jilong, and Zhang, Jianli
Subjects: Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, general – pulsars: individual (MGRO J2019+37 [Gamma rays], Flux, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Pulsar wind nebula, general – pulsar, 0103 physical sciences, MILAGRO, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, DETECTOR, Argo, Physics, CALIBRATION, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, MGRO J2031+41), Settore FIS/01 - Fisica Sperimentale, Gamma ray, Astronomy and Astrophysics, individual (MGRO J2019+37, MGRO J2031+41), PLANE, 3. Good health, Medium energy, Crab Nebula, gamma ray, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, GALACTIC SOURCES, J2032+4130, Milagro, gamma rays, general – pulsars, EMISSION, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: We report the observation of TeV gamma-rays from the Cygnus region using the ARGO-YBJ data collected from 2007 November to 2011 August. Several TeV sources are located in this region including the two bright extended MGRO J2019+37 and MGRO J2031+41. According to the Milagro data set, at 20 TeV MGRO J2019+37 is the most significant source apart from the Crab Nebula. No signal from MGRO J2019+37 is detected by the ARGO-YBJ experiment, and the derived flux upper limits at 90% confidence level for all the events above 600 GeV with medium energy of 3 TeV are lower than the Milagro flux, implying that the source might be variable and hard to be identified as a pulsar wind nebula. The only statistically significant (6.4 standard deviations) gamma-ray signal is found from MGRO J2031+41, with a flux consistent with the measurement by Milagro., 14 pages, 4 figures
Published: 2012

34. Measurement of the cosmic ray antiproton/proton flux ratio at TeV energies with the ARGO-YBJ detector

Author: X. X. Li, I. De Mitri, M. Iacovacci, M. Zha, G. D'Alí Staiti, Zhenyong Feng, P. Vallania, S. Vernetto, C. Cattaneo, F. R. Zhu, C. Liu, T. L. Chen, X. H. Ma, H.H. He, S. W. Cui, Jilong Zhang, F. Ruggieri, Q. Q. Zhu, P. Bernardini, S. Catalanotti, M. Panareo, Giovanni Mancarella, T. Di Girolamo, B. D'Ettorre Piazzoli, Y. Q. Guo, Carla Bleve, C. Y. Wu, E. Giroletti, B. Panico, P. Salvini, Zhaxiciren, R. Santonico, Zihuang Cao, Y. B. Chen, H. J. Li, Paolo Camarri, C. Q. Liu, H. R. Wu, Hongbo Hu, L. Xue, C. F. Feng, A. K. Calabrese Melcarne, A. F. Yuan, Carlo Vigorito, B. Z. Dai, Paolo Montini, R. Iuppa, B. Bartoli, Hong-peng Lu, X. Y. Zhang, X. C. Yang, G. Marsella, Haibing Hu, Cristian Stanescu, P. Branchini, Y. X. Yan, Antonio Budano, B. S. Wang, J. K. K. Liu, Zhaxisangzhu, Labaciren, Irina James, Y. Zhang, Chang-Chun Ning, Zhaoyang Feng, D. Martello, Longzhou Zhang, L. Perrone, Jianli Zhang, P. Creti, P. Pistilli, H. M. Zhang, X. X. Zhou, Z. G. Yao, Bingwei Xu, A. Surdo, Q. Huang, Huaguang Wang, G. Liguori, Fudong Shi, S. Mastroianni, Q. B. Gou, X. D. Sheng, P. R. Shen, P. F. Zhang, X. J. Bi, S. Z. Chen, S. M. Mari, X. B. Qu, X. H. Ding, Roberto Cardarelli, G. Di Sciascio, Y. H. Tan, J. Y. Li, M. Y. Liu, Q. Y. Yang, H. Y. Jia, Danzengluobu, G. Zizzi, I. Bolognino, A. Pagliaro, Bartoli, B., Bernardini, P., Bi, X. J., Bleve, C., Bolognino, I., Branchini, P., Budano, A., Melcarne A. K., Calabrese, Camarri, P., Cao, Z., Cardarelli, R., Catalanotti, S., Cattaneo, C., Chen, S. Z., Chen, T. L., Chen, Y., Creti, P., Cui, S. W., Dai, B. Z., Staiti G., D'Ali, Danzengluobu, De Mitri, I., Piazzoli B., D'Ettorre, Di Girolamo, T., Ding, X. H., Di Sciascio, G., Feng, C. F., Feng, Zhaoyang, Feng, Zhenyong, Giroletti, E., Gou, Q. B., Guo, Y. Q., He, H. H., Hu, Haibing, Hu, Hongbo, Huang, Q., Iacovacci, M., Iuppa, R., James, I., Jia, H. Y., Labaciren, Li, H. J., Li, J. Y., Li, X. X., Liguori, G., Liu, C., Liu, C. Q., Liu, J., Liu, M. Y., Lu, H., Ma, X. H., Mancarella, G., Mari, Stefano Maria, Marsella, G., Martello, D., Mastroianni, S., Montini, P., Ning, C. C., Pagliaro, A., Panareo, M., Panico, B., Perrone, L., Pistilli, P., Qu, X. B., Ruggieri, F., Salvini, P., Santonico, R., Shen, P. R., Sheng, X. D., Shi, F., Stanescu, C., Surdo, A., Tan, Y. H., Vallania, P., Vernetto, S., Vigorito, C., Wang, B., Wang, H., Wu, C. Y., Wu, H. R., Xu, B., Xue, L., Yan, Y. X., Yang, Q. Y., Yang, X. C., Yao, Z. G., Yuan, A. F., Zha, M., Zhang, H. M., Zhang, Jilong, Zhang, Jianli, Zhang, L., Zhang, P., Zhang, X. Y., Zhang, Y., Zhaxiciren, Zhaxisangzhu, Zhou, X. X., Zhu, F. R., Zhu, Q. Q., Zizzi, G., Bartoli, Bruno, Bi, X., Calabrese Melcarne, A., Catalanotti, Sergio, Chen, S., Chen, T., Cui, S., Dai, B., D’Alí Staiti, G., D'ETTORRE PIAZZOLI, Benedetto, DI GIROLAMO, Tristano, Ding, X., Feng, C., Zhaoyang, Feng, Zhenyong, Feng, Gou, Q., Guo, Y., He, H., Haibing, Hu, Hongbo, Hu, Iacovacci, Michele, Jia, H., Li, H., Li, J., Li, X., Liu, M., Ma, X., Mari, S., Ning, C., Qu, X., Shen, P., Sheng, X., Tan, Y., Wu, C., Wu, H., Yan, Y., Yang, Q., Yang, X., Yao, Z., Yuan, A., Zhang, H., Jilong, Zhang, Jianli, Zhang, Zhang, X., Zhou, X., Zhu, F., Zhu, Q., Bartoli, B, Bernardini, P, Bi, XJ, Bleve, C, Bolognino, I, Branchini, P, Budano, A, Calabrese Melcarne, AK, Camarri, P, Cao, Z, Cardarelli, R, Catalanotti, S, Cattaneo, C, Chen, SZ, Chen, TL, Chen, Y, Creti, P, Cui, SW, Dai, BZ, D’Ali' Staiti, G, De Mitri, I, D’Ettorre Piazzoli, B, Di Girolamo, T, Ding, XH, Di Sciascio, G, Feng, CF, Feng, ZYa, Feng, ZYo, Giroletti, E, Gou, QB, Guo, YQ, He, HH, Hu, HBa, Hu, HBo, Huang, Q, Iacovacci, M, Iuppa, R, James, I, Jia, HY, Li, HJ, Li, JY, Li, XX, Liguori, G, Liu, C, Liu, CQ, Liu, J, Liu, MY, Lu, H, Ma, XH, Mancarella, G, Mari, SM, Marsella, G, Martello, D, Mastroianni, S, Montini, P, Ning, CC, Pagliaro, A, Panareo, M, Panico, B, Perrone, L, Pistilli, P, Qu, XB, Ruggieri, F, Salvini, P, Santonico, R, Shen, PR, Sheng, XD, Shi, F, Stanescu, C, Surdo, A, Tan, YH, Vallania, P, Vernetto, S, Vigorito, C, Wang, B, Wang, H, Wu, CY, Wu, HR, Xu B, Xue, L, Yan, YX, Yang, QY, Yang, XC, Yao, ZG, Yuan, AF, Zha, M, Zhang, HM, Zhang, JLo, Zhang, JLi, Zhang, L, Zhang, P, Zhang, XY, Zhang, Y, Zhaxiciren, Zhaxisangzhu, Zhou, XX, Zhu, FR, Zhu, QQ, Zizzi, G, B., Bartoli, Bernardini, Paolo, X. J., Bi, C., Bleve, I., Bolognino, P., Branchini, A., Budano, A. K., Calabrese Melcarne, P., Camarri, Z., Cao, R., Cardarelli, S., Catalanotti, C., Cattaneo, S. Z., Chen, T. L., Chen, Y., Chen, P., Creti, S. W., Cui, B. Z., Dai, G., D’Alí Staiti, DE MITRI, Ivan, B., D’Ettorre Piazzoli, T., Di Girolamo, X. H., Ding, G., Di Sciascio, C. F., Feng, E., Giroletti, Q. B., Gou, Y. Q., Guo, H. H., He, Q., Huang, M., Iacovacci, R., Iuppa, I., Jame, H. Y., Jia, H. J., Li, J. Y., Li, X. X., Li, G., Liguori, C., Liu, C. Q., Liu, J., Liu, M. Y., Liu, H., Lu, X. H., Ma, Mancarella, Giovanni, S. M., Mari, Marsella, Giovanni, Martello, Daniele, S., Mastroianni, P., Montini, C. C., Ning, A., Pagliaro, Panareo, Marco, B., Panico, Perrone, Lorenzo, P., Pistilli, X. B., Qu, F., Ruggieri, P., Salvini, R., Santonico, P. R., Shen, X. D., Sheng, F., Shi, C., Stanescu, A., Surdo, Y. H., Tan, P., Vallania, S., Vernetto, C., Vigorito, B., Wang, H., Wang, C. Y., Wu, H. R., Wu, B., Xu, L., Xue, Y. X., Yan, Q. Y., Yang, X. C., Yang, Z. G., Yao, A. F., Yuan, M., Zha, H. M., Zhang, L., Zhang, P., Zhang, X. Y., Zhang, Y., Zhang, X. X., Zhou, F. R., Zhu, Q. Q., Zhu, and G., Zizzi
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Antiparticle, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Dark matter, Settore FIS/01 - Fisica Sperimentale, Earth-Moon, Cosmic ray, magnetic spectrometer, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear physics, Earth's magnetic field, Antiproton, Antimatter, antiproton, Content (measure theory), Antiproton-Proton ratio, Cosmic rays, Extended Air Showers, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Energy (signal processing)
Abstract: Cosmic ray antiprotons provide an important probe to study the cosmic ray propagation in the interstellar space and to investigate the existence of dark matter. Acting the Earth-Moon system as a magnetic spectrometer, paths of primary antiprotons are deflected in the opposite sense with respect to those of the protons in their way to the Earth. This effect allows, in principle, the search for antiparticles in the direction opposite to the observed deficit of cosmic rays due to the Moon (the so-called `Moon shadow'). The ARGO-YBJ experiment, located at the Yangbajing Cosmic Ray Laboratory (Tibet, P.R. China, 4300 m a.s.l., 606 g/cm$^2$), is particularly effective in measuring the cosmic ray antimatter content via the observation of the cosmic rays shadowing effect due to: (1) good angular resolution, pointing accuracy and long-term stability; (2) low energy threshold; (3) real sensitivity to the geomagnetic field. Based on all the data recorded during the period from July 2006 through November 2009 and on a full Monte Carlo simulation, we searched for the existence of the shadow cast by antiprotons in the TeV energy region. No evidence of the existence of antiprotons is found in this energy region. Upper limits to the $\bar{p}/p$ flux ratio are set to 5 % at a median energy of 1.4 TeV and 6 % at 5 TeV with a confidence level of 90%. In the TeV energy range these limits are the lowest available., Comment: Contact authors: G. Di Sciascio (disciascio@roma2.infn.it) and R. Iuppa (iuppa@roma2.infn.it), INFN Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy
Published: 2012

35. Calibration of the RPC charge readout in the ARGO-YBJ experiment

Author: M. Iacovacci, M. Zha, Hongbo Hu, C. Liu, A. Surdo, Y. B. Chen, Q. Y. Yang, Yicheng Guo, Y. X. Yan, Danzengluobu, X. H. Ma, P. Creti, B. Liberti, A. F. Yuan, Huihai He, G. Zizzi, P. F. Zhang, Haifeng Li, Paolo Bernardini, R. Santonico, X. C. Yang, X. J. Bi, X. Y. Zhang, R. Gargana, Minghui Liu, S. Z. Chen, X. X. Li, Labaciren, L. Zhang, A. Pagliaro, C. Cattaneo, F. Shi, A. Cappa, Irina James, Piero Vallania, X. B. Qu, S. Catalanotti, X. H. Ding, B. S. Wang, Zhaxisangzhu, P. Salvini, L. Perrone, G. Di Sciascio, A. K. Calabrese Melcarne, Jilong Zhang, Y. H. Tan, M. De Vincenzi, R. Cardarelli, S. M. Mari, Cunfeng Feng, G. D'Alí Staiti, E. Rossi, N. Cheng, Jianli Zhang, Paolo Montini, R. Iuppa, H. Y. Jia, S. Vernetto, C. Bacci, P. Camarri, G. Mancarella, J. K. K. Liu, C. Y. Wu, L. Saggese, Zihuang Cao, I. De Mitri, T. L. Chen, H. M. Zhang, M. Dattoli, H. Lu, G. Liguori, C. X. Liu, F. Galeazzi, B. Bartoli, T. Di Girolamo, P. Celio, G. Aielli, B. D'Ettorre Piazzoli, Bingwei Xu, Severino Angelo Maria Bussino, P. R. Shen, L. Xue, Q. B. Gou, Carlo Vigorito, Xiangdong Sheng, P. Pistilli, X. X. Zhou, P. Galeotti, Q. Huang, Haibing Hu, C. Bleve, Y. Zhang, D. Martello, Zhenyong Feng, A. Budano, S. Mastroianni, H. R. Wu, H. W. Wang, B. Z. Dai, F. Ruggieri, F. R. Zhu, M. Panareo, Q. Q. Zhu, P. Branchini, G. Marsella, X. R. Meng, C. Stanescu, Chang-Chun Ning, Zhaoyang Feng, S. W. Cui, J. Y. Li, Bartoli, Bruno, Catalanotti, Sergio, D'ETTORRE PIAZZOLI, Benedetto, DI GIROLAMO, Tristano, Iacovacci, Michele, Aielli, G, Bacci, C, Bartoli, B, Bernardini, P, Bi, Xj, Bleve, C, Branchini, P, Budano, A, Bussino, Severino Angelo Maria, Calabrese Melcarne, Ak, Camarri, P, Cao, Z, Cappa, A, Cardarelli, R, Catalanotti, S, Cattaneo, C, Celio, P, Chen, Sz, Chen, Tl, Chen, Y, Cheng, N, Creti, P, Cui, Sw, Dai, Bz, D'Ali Staiti, G, Danzengluobu, Dattoli, M, De Mitri, I, D'Ettorre Piazzoli, B, DE VINCENZI, Mario, Di Girolamo, T, Ding, Xh, Di Sciascio, G, Feng, Cf, Feng Zhao, Yang, Feng Zhen, Yong, Galeazzi, F, Galeotti, P, Gargana, R, Gou, Qb, Guo, Yq, He, Hh, Hu, Haibing, Hu Hong, Bo, Huang, Q, Iacovacci, M, Iuppa, R, James, I, Jia, Hy, Labaciren, Li, Hj, Li, Jy, Li, Xx, Liberti, B, Liguori, G, Liu, C, Liu, Cq, Liu, My, Liu, J, Lu, H, Ma, Xh, Mancarella, G, Mari, Stefano Maria, Marsella, G, Martello, D, Mastroianni, S, Meng, Xr, Montini, P, Ning, Cc, Pagliaro, A, Panareo, M, Perrone, L, Pistilli, P, Qu, Xb, Rossi, E, Ruggieri, F, Saggese, L, Salvini, P, Santonico, R, Shen, Pr, Sheng, Xd, Shi, F, Stanescu, C, Surdo, A, Tan, Yh, Vallania, P, Vernetto, S, Vigorito, C, Wang, B, Wang, H, Wu, Cy, Wu, Hr, Xu, B, Xue, L, Yan, Yx, Yang, Qy, Yang, Xc, Yuan, Af, Zha, M, Zhang, Hm, Zhang Ji, Long, Zhang Jian, Li, Zhang, L, Zhang, P, Zhang, Xy, Zhang, Y, Zhaxisangzhu, Zhou, Xx, Zhu, Fr, Zhu, Qq, Zizzi, G., Bi, XJ, Bussino, S, Calabrese Melcarne, AK, Chen, SZ, Chen, TL, Cui, SW, Dai, BZ, De Vincenzi, M, Ding, XH, Feng, CF, Feng, ZYa, Feng, ZYo, Gou, QB, Guo, YQ, He, HH, Hu, HaB, Hu, HoB, Jia, HY, Li, HJ, Li, JY, Li, XX, Liu, CQ, Liu, MY, Ma, XH, Mari, SM, Meng, XR, Ning, CC, Qu XB, Shen, PR, Sheng, XD, Tan, YH, Wu, CY, Wu, HR, Yan, YX, Yang, QY, Yang, XC, Yuan, AF, Zhang, HM, Zhang, JLi, Zhang, JLo, Zhang, XY, Zhou, XX, Zhu, FR, Zhu, QQ, Zizzi, G, G., Aielli, C., Bacci, B., Bartoli, Bernardini, Paolo, X. J., Bi, C., Bleve, P., Branchini, A., Budano, S., Bussino, A. K., Calabrese Melcarne, P., Camarri, Z., Cao, A., Cappa, R., Cardarelli, S., Catalanotti, C., Cattaneo, P., Celio, S. Z., Chen, T. L., Chen, Y., Chen, N., Cheng, P., Creti, S. W., Cui, B. Z., Dai, G., D’Alı´ Staiti, M., Dattoli, DE MITRI, Ivan, B., D’Ettorre Piazzoli, M., De Vincenzi, T., Di Girolamo, X. H., Ding, G., Di Sciascio, C. F., Feng, Zhaoyang, Feng, Zhenyong, Feng, F., Galeazzi, P., Galeotti, R., Gargana, Q. B., Gou, Y. Q., Guo, H. H., He, Haibing, Hu, Hongbo, Hu, Q., Huang, M., Iacovacci, R., Iuppa, I., Jame, H. Y., Jia, H. J., Li, J. Y., Li, X. X., Li, B., Liberti, G., Liguori, C., Liu, C. Q., Liu, M. Y., Liu, J., Liu, H., Lu, X. H., Ma, Mancarella, Giovanni, S. M., Mari, Marsella, Giovanni, Martello, Daniele, S., Mastroianni, X. R., Meng, P., Montini, C. C., Ning, A., Pagliaro, Panareo, Marco, Perrone, Lorenzo, P., Pistilli, X. B., Qu, E., Rossi, F., Ruggieri, L., Saggese, P., Salvini, R., Santonico, P. R., Shen, X. D., Sheng, F., Shi, C., Stanescu, A., Surdo, Y. H., Tan, P., Vallania, S., Vernetto, C., Vigorito, B., Wang, H., Wang, C. Y., Wu, H. R., Wu, B., Xu, L., Xue, Y. X., Yan, Q. Y., Yang, X. C., Yang, A. F., Yuan, M., Zha, H. M., Zhang, Jilong, Zhang, Jianli, Zhang, L., Zhang, P., Zhang, X. Y., Zhang, Y., Zhang, X. X., Zhou, F. R., Zhu, Q. Q., Zhu, and G., Zizzi
Subjects: Optical telescopes, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Camere a Piastre Resistive (RPC), Resistive plate chamber, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Cosmic ray, law.invention, Telescope, Settore FIS/05 - Astronomia E Astrofisica, Optics, law, Coincident, Air showers, Calibration, Sea level, Instrumentation, Particle densities, Cosmic rays, Resistive Plate Chambers, Charge read-out, Extended Air Showers, Physics, Air showers, Charge readout, Dynamic range, Knee regions, Particle densities, Resistive plate chambers, Calibration, Charged particles, Cosmic rays, Experiments, Optical telescopes, Sea level, Telescopes, Particle spectrometers, Resistive touchscreen, Scintillation, Dynamic range, Charge readout, business.industry, Charged particles, Settore FIS/01 - Fisica Sperimentale, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Charged particle, Air shower, Calibrazione della Risposta Analogica di RPC, Knee regions, Lettura Analogica di RPC, Resistive plate chambers, business, Experiments, Telescopes
Abstract: ""The charge readout of Resistive Plate Chambers (RPCs) is implemented in the ARGO-YBJ experiment to measure the charged particle density of the shower front up to 10^4\\\/m^2, enabling the study of the primary cosmic rays with energies in the ''knee'' region. As the first time for RPCs being used this way, a telescope with RPCs and scintillation detectors is setup to calibrate the number of charged particles hitting a RPC versus its charge readout. Air shower particles are taken as the calibration beam. The telescope was tested at sea level and then moved to the ARGO-YBJ site for coincident operation with the ARGO-YBJ experiment. The charge readout shows good linearity with the particle density in the dynamic range (up to 200\\\/m^2).""
Published: 2012

36. Gamma-Ray Astronomy with ARGO-YBJ

Author: B. Bartoli, X. J. Bi, C. Bleve, I. Bolognino, P. Branchini, A. Budano, A. K. Calabrese Melcarne, P. Camarri, Z. Cao, A. Cappa, R. Cardarelli, S. Catalanotti, C. Cattaneo, P. Celio, S. Z. Chen, T. L. Chen, Y. Chen, P. Creti, S. W. Cui, B. Z. Dai, G. D’Ali´ Staiti, Danzengluobu, M. Dattoli, B. D’Ettorre Piazzoli, T. Di Girolamo, X. H. Ding, G. Di Sciascio, C. F. Feng, Zhaoyang Feng, Zhenyong Feng, F. Galeazzi, P. Galeotti, E. Giroletti, Q. B. Gou, Y. Q. Guo, H. H. He, Haibing Huo, Hongbo Hue, Q. Huang, M. Iacovacci, R. Iuppa, I. James, H. Y. Jia, Labaciren, H. J. Li, J. Y. Li, X. X. Li, G. Liguori, C. Liu, C. Q. Liu, J. Liu, M. Y. Liu, H. Lu, X. H. Ma, S. M. Mari, S. Mastroianni, P. Montini, C. C. Ning, A. Pagliaro, B. Panico, P. Pistilli, X. B. Qu, E. Rossi, F. Ruggieri, P. Salvini, R. Santonico, P. R. Shen, X. D. Sheng, F. Shi, C. Stanescu, A. Surdo, Y. H. Tan, P. Vallania, S. Vernetto, C. Vigorito, B. Wang, H. Wang, C. Y. Wu, H. R. Wu, B. Xu, L. Xue, Y. X. Yan, Q. Y. Yang, X. C. Yang, Z. G. Yao, A. F. Yuan, M. Zha, H. M. Zhang, JilongZhang, JianliZhang, L. Zhang, P. Zhang, X. Y. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Zhaxiciren, Zhaxisangzhu, X. X. Zhou, F. R. Zhu, Q. Q. Zhu, G. Zizzi, BERNARDINI, Paolo, DE MITRI, Ivan, MANCARELLA, Giovanni, MARSELLA, GIOVANNI, MARTELLO, Daniele, PANAREO, Marco, PERRONE, Lorenzo, B., Bartoli, Bernardini, Paolo, X. J., Bi, C., Bleve, I., Bolognino, P., Branchini, A., Budano, A. K., Calabrese Melcarne, P., Camarri, Z., Cao, A., Cappa, R., Cardarelli, S., Catalanotti, C., Cattaneo, P., Celio, S. Z., Chen, T. L., Chen, Y., Chen, P., Creti, S. W., Cui, B. Z., Dai, G., D’Ali´ Staiti, Danzengluobu, M., Dattoli, DE MITRI, Ivan, B., D’Ettorre Piazzoli, T., Di Girolamo, X. H., Ding, G., Di Sciascio, C. F., Feng, Zhaoyang, Feng, Zhenyong, Feng, F., Galeazzi, P., Galeotti, E., Giroletti, Q. B., Gou, Y. Q., Guo, H. H., He, Haibing, Huo, Hongbo, Hue, Q., Huang, M., Iacovacci, R., Iuppa, I., Jame, H. Y., Jia, Labaciren, H. J., Li, J. Y., Li, X. X., Li, G., Liguori, C., Liu, C. Q., Liu, J., Liu, M. Y., Liu, H., Lu, X. H., Ma, Mancarella, Giovanni, S. M., Mari, Marsella, Giovanni, Martello, Daniele, S., Mastroianni, P., Montini, C. C., Ning, A., Pagliaro, Panareo, Marco, B., Panico, Perrone, Lorenzo, P., Pistilli, X. B., Qu, E., Rossi, F., Ruggieri, P., Salvini, R., Santonico, P. R., Shen, X. D., Sheng, F., Shi, C., Stanescu, A., Surdo, Y. H., Tan, P., Vallania, S., Vernetto, C., Vigorito, B., Wang, H., Wang, C. Y., Wu, H. R., Wu, B., Xu, L., Xue, Y. X., Yan, Q. Y., Yang, X. C., Yang, Z. G., Yao, A. F., Yuan, M., Zha, H. M., Zhang, Jilongzhang, Jianlizhang, L., Zhang, P., Zhang, X. Y., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Zhaxiciren, Zhaxisangzhu, X. X., Zhou, F. R., Zhu, Q. Q., Zhu, and G., Zizzi
Subjects: TeV gamma-ray flares – Gamma rays: observations – Galaxy: Crab Nebula [Galaxy]
Abstract: ARGO-YBJ is a full coverage air shower array located at the YangBaJing Cosmic Ray Laboratory (Tibet, P.R. China, 4300 m a.s.l., 606 g/cm2) recording data with a duty cycle 85% and an energy threshold of a few hundred GeV. In this paper the latest results in Gamma-Ray Astronomy are summarized.
Published: 2012

37. The cosmic ray primary composition in the 'knee' region through the EAS electromagnetic and muon measurements at EAS-TOP

Author: O. Saavedra, M. Aglietta, M. E. Bertaina, P. Galeotti, F. Arneodo, Carlotta Castagnoli, A. Chiavassa, Carlo Vigorito, G. Mannocchi, G. Di Sciascio, G.C. Trinchero, B. D'Ettorre Piazzoli, Pietro Antonioli, A. Castellina, W. Fulgione, S. Valchierotti, L. Bergamasco, Bruno Alessandro, M. Iacovacci, S. Vernetto, P. Vallania, G. Cini Castagnoli, P.L. Ghia, G. Navarra, C. Morello, D'ETTORRE PIAZZOLI, Benedetto, and Iacovacci, Michele
Subjects: Physics, Muon, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Hadron, chemistry.chemical_element, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Cosmic ray, Interaction model, Knee region, Spectral line, Nuclear physics, Air shower, chemistry, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Helium
Abstract: The evolution of the cosmic ray primary composition in the energy range 10 6 –10 7 GeV (i.e. the “knee” region) is studied by means of the e.m. and muon data of the Extensive Air Shower EAS-TOP array (Campo Imperatore, National Gran Sasso Laboratories). The measurement is performed through: (a) the correlated muon number ( N μ ) and shower size ( N e ) spectra, and (b) the evolution of the average muon numbers and their distributions as a function of the shower size. From analysis (a) the dominance of helium primaries at the knee, and therefore the possibility that the knee itself is due to a break in their energy spectrum (at E k He =(3.5±0.3)×10 6 GeV) are deduced. Concerning analysis (b), the measurement accuracies allow the classification in terms of three mass groups: light (p,He), intermediate (CNO), and heavy (Fe). At primary energies E 0 ≈10 6 GeV the results are consistent with the extrapolations of the data from direct experiments. In the knee region the obtained evolution of the energy spectra leads to: (i) an average steep spectrum of the light mass group ( γ p,He >3.1), (ii) a spectrum of the intermediate mass group harder than the one of the light component ( γ CNO ≃2.75, possibly bending at E k CNO ≈(6–7)×10 6 GeV), (iii) a constant slope for the spectrum of the heavy primaries ( γ Fe ≃2.3–2.7) consistent with the direct measurements. In the investigated energy range, the average primary mass increases from 〈ln A 〉=1.6–1.9 at E 0 ≃1.5×10 6 GeV to 〈ln A 〉=2.8–3.1 at E 0 ≃1.5×10 7 GeV. The result supports the standard acceleration and propagation models of galactic cosmic rays that predict rigidity dependent cut-offs for the primary spectra of the different nuclei. The uncertainties connected to the hadronic interaction model (QGSJET in CORSIKA) used for the interpretation are discussed.
Published: 2004
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38. Observation of the cosmic ray moon shadowing effect with the ARGO-YBJ experiment

Author: B. Bartoli, P. Bernardini, X. J. Bi, C. Bleve, I. Bolognino, P. Branchini, A. Budano, A. K. Calabrese Melcarne, P. Camarri, Z. Cao, R. Cardarelli, S. Catalanotti, C. Cattaneo, P. Celio, S. Z. Chen, T. L. Chen, Y. Chen, P. Creti, S. W. Cui, B. Z. Dai, G. D’Alí Staiti, null Danzengluobu, M. Dattoli, I. De Mitri, B. D’Ettorre Piazzoli, T. Di Girolamo, X. H. Ding, G. Di Sciascio, C. F. Feng, Zhaoyang Feng, Zhenyong Feng, F. Galeazzi, E. Giroletti, Q. B. Gou, Y. Q. Guo, H. H. He, Haibing Hu, Hongbo Hu, Q. Huang, M. Iacovacci, R. Iuppa, I. James, H. Y. Jia, null Labaciren, H. J. Li, J. Y. Li, X. X. Li, G. Liguori, C. Liu, C. Q. Liu, J. Liu, M. Y. Liu, H. Lu, X. H. Ma, G. Mancarella, S. M. Mari, G. Marsella, D. Martello, S. Mastroianni, P. Montini, C. C. Ning, A. Pagliaro, M. Panareo, B. Panico, L. Perrone, P. Pistilli, X. B. Qu, E. Rossi, F. Ruggieri, P. Salvini, R. Santonico, P. R. Shen, X. D. Sheng, F. Shi, C. Stanescu, A. Surdo, Y. H. Tan, P. Vallania, S. Vernetto, C. Vigorito, B. Wang, H. Wang, C. Y. Wu, H. R. Wu, B. Xu, L. Xue, Y. X. Yan, Q. Y. Yang, X. C. Yang, Z. G. Yao, A. F. Yuan, M. Zha, H. M. Zhang, Jilong Zhang, Jianli Zhang, L. Zhang, P. Zhang, X. Y. Zhang, Y. Zhang, null Zhaxiciren, null Zhaxisangzhu, X. X. Zhou, F. R. Zhu, Q. Q. Zhu, G. Zizzi, Bartoli, B, Bernardini, P, Bi, Xj, Bleve, C, Bolognino, I, Branchini, P, Budano, A, Melcarne, Akc, Camarri, P, Cao, Z, Cardarelli, R, Catalanotti, S, Cattaneo, C, Celio, P, Chen, Sz, Chen, Tl, Chen, Y, Creti, P, Cui, Sw, Dai, Bz, Staiti, Gd, Danzengluobu, Dattoli, M, De Mitri, I, Piazzoli, Bd, Di Girolamo, T, Ding, Xh, Di Sciascio, G, Feng, Cf, Feng, Zy, Galeazzi, F, Giroletti, E, Gou, Qb, Guo, Yq, He, Hh, Hu, Hb, Huang, Q, Iacovacci, M, Iuppa, R, James, I, Jia, Hy, Labaciren, Li, Hj, Li, Jy, Li, Xx, Liguori, G, Liu, C, Liu, Cq, Liu, J, Liu, My, Lu, H, Ma, Xh, Mancarella, G, Mari, Stefano Maria, Marsella, G, Martello, D, Mastroianni, S, Montini, P, Ning, Cc, Pagliaro, A, Panareo, M, Panico, B, Perrone, L, Pistilli, P, Qu, Xb, Rossi, E, Ruggieri, F, Salvini, P, Santonico, R, Shen, Pr, Sheng, Xd, Shi, F, Stanescu, C, Surdo, A, Tan, Yh, Vallania, P, Vernetto, S, Vigorito, C, Wang, B, Wang, H, Wu, Cy, Wu, Hr, Xu, B, Xue, L, Yan, Yx, Yang, Qy, Yang, Xc, Yao, Zg, Yuan, Af, Zha, M, Zhang, Hm, Zhang, Jl, Zhang, L, Zhang, P, Zhang, Xy, Zhang, Y, Zhaxiciren, Zhaxisangzhu, Zhou, Xx, Zhu, Fr, Zhu, Qq, Zizzi, G., Bartoli, Bruno, Catalanotti, Sergio, D'ETTORRE PIAZZOLI, Benedetto, DI GIROLAMO, Tristano, Iacovacci, Michele, B., Bartoli, Bernardini, Paolo, X. J., Bi, C., Bleve, I., Bolognino, P., Branchini, A., Budano, A. K., Calabrese Melcarne, P., Camarri, Z., Cao, R., Cardarelli, S., Catalanotti, C., Cattaneo, P., Celio, S. Z., Chen, T. L., Chen, Y., Chen, P., Creti, S. W., Cui, B. Z., Dai, G., D’Alı´ Staiti, M., Dattoli, DE MITRI, Ivan, B., D’Ettorre Piazzoli, T., Di Girolamo, X. H., Ding, G., Di Sciascio, C. F., Feng, Zhaoyang, Feng, Zhenyong, Feng, F., Galeazzi, E., Giroletti, Q. B., Gou, Y. Q., Guo, H. H., He, Haibing, Hu, Hongbo, Hu, Q., Huang, M., Iacovacci, R., Iuppa, I., Jame, H. Y., Jia, H. J., Li, J. Y., Li, X. X., Li, G., Liguori, C., Liu, C. Q., Liu, J., Liu, M. Y., Liu, H., Lu, X. H., Ma, Mancarella, Giovanni, S. M., Mari, Marsella, Giovanni, Martello, Daniele, S., Mastroianni, P., Montini, C. C., Ning, A., Pagliaro, Panareo, Marco, B., Panico, Perrone, Lorenzo, P., Pistilli, X. B., Qu, E., Rossi, F., Ruggieri, P., Salvini, R., Santonico, P. R., Shen, X. D., Sheng, F., Shi, C., Stanescu, A., Surdo, Y. H., Tan, P., Vallania, S., Vernetto, C., Vigorito, B., Wang, H., Wang, C. Y., Wu, H. R., Wu, B., Xu, L., Xue, Y. X., Yan, Q. Y., Yang, X. C., Yang, Z. G., Yao, A. F., Yuan, M., Zha, H. M., Zhang, Jilong, Zhang, Jianli, Zhang, L., Zhang, P., Zhang, X. Y., Zhang, Y., Zhang, X. X., Zhou, F. R., Zhu, Q. Q., Zhu, G., Zizzi, D'Ali' Staiti, G, Bi, XJ, Calabrese Melcarne, AK, Chen, SZ, Chen, TL, Cui, SW, Dai, BZ, D’Alı Staiti, G, D’Ettorre Piazzoli, B, Ding, XH, Feng, CF, Feng, ZYa, Feng, ZYo, Gou, QB, Guo, YQ, He, HH, Hu, HBi, Hu, HBo, Jia, HY, Li, HJ, Li, JY, Li, XX, Liu, CQ, Liu, MY, Ma, XH, Mari, SM, Ning, CC, Qu, XB, Shen, PR, Sheng, XD, Tan, YH, Wu, CY, Wu, HR, Yan, YX, Yang, QY, Yang, XC, Yao, ZG, Yuan, AF, Zhang, HM, Zhang, JLi, Zhang, JLo, Zhang, XY, Zhaxiciren, Zhaxisangzhu, Zhou, XX, Zhu, FR, Zhu, QQ, and Zizzi, G
Subjects: Point spread function, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Cosmic Rays, Gamma Astronomy, Extended Air Showers, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Monte Carlo method, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Standard deviation, Physics::Geophysics, Raggi cosmici, Settore FIS/05 - Astronomia E Astrofisica, geomagnetic field, 0103 physical sciences, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Ombra della luna, Apparati di sciame, Detector, Settore FIS/01 - Fisica Sperimentale, Moon shadow, Astronomy, Magnetic field, Earth's magnetic field, Air shower, 13. Climate action, Physics::Space Physics
Abstract: Cosmic rays are hampered by the Moon and a deficit in its direction is expected (the so-called Moon shadow). The Moon shadow is an important tool to determine the performance of an air shower array. Indeed, the westward displacement of the shadow center, due to the bending effect of the geomagnetic field on the propagation of cosmic rays, allows the setting of the absolute rigidity scale of the primary particles inducing the showers recorded by the detector. In addition, the shape of the shadow permits to determine the detector point spread function, while the position of the deficit at high energies allows the evaluation of its absolute pointing accuracy. In this paper we present the observation of the cosmic ray Moon shadowing effect carried out by the ARGO-YBJ experiment in the multi-TeV energy region with high statistical significance (55 standard deviations). By means of an accurate Monte Carlo simulation of the cosmic rays propagation in the Earth-Moon system, we have studied separately the effect of the geomagnetic field and of the detector point spread function on the observed shadow. The angular resolution as a function of the particle multiplicity and the pointing accuracy have been obtained. The primary energy of detected showers has been estimated by measuring the westward displacement as a function of the particle multiplicity, thus calibrating the relation between shower size and cosmic ray energy. The stability of the detector on a monthly basis has been checked by monitoring the position and the deficit of the Moon shadow. Finally, we have studied with high statistical accuracy the shadowing effect in the day/’’night’’ time looking for possible effect induced by the solar wind.
Published: 2011

39. Long-term monitor of Mrk 421 TeV emission using ARGO-YBJ experiment

Author: B. Bartoli, X. J. Bi, C. Bleve, I. Bolognino, P. Branchini, A. Budano, A. K. Calabrese Melcarne, P. Camarri, Z. Cao, A. Cappa, R. Cardarelli, S. Catalanotti, C. Cattaneo, P. Celio, S. Z. Chen, T. L. Chen, Y. Chen, P. Creti, S. W. Cui, B. Z. Dai, G. D’Alı Staiti, Danzengluobu, M. Dattoli, B. D’Ettorre Piazzoli, T. Di Girolamo, X. H. Ding, G. Di Sciascio, C. F. Feng, Zhaoyang Feng, Zhenyong Feng, F. Galeazzi, P. Galeotti, E. Giroletti, Q. B. Gou, Y. Q. Guo, H. H. He, Haibing Hu, Hongbo Hu, Q. Huang, M. Iacovacci, R. Iuppa, I. James, H. Y. Jia, Labaciren, H. J. Li, J. Y. Li, X. X. Li, G. Liguori, C. Liu, C. Q. Liu, J. Liu, M. Y. Liu, H. Lu, X. H. Ma, S. M. Mari, S. Mastroianni, P. Montini, C. C. Ning, A. Pagliaro, B. Panico, P. Pistilli, X. B. Qu, E. Rossi, F. Ruggieri, P. Salvini, R. Santonico, P. R. Shen, X. D. Sheng, F. Shi, C. Stanescu, A. Surdo, Y. H. Tan, P. Vallania, S. Vernetto, C. Vigorito, B. Wang, H. Wang, C. Y. Wu, H. R. Wu, B. Xu, L. Xue, Y. X. Yan, Q. Y. Yang, X. C. Yang, Z. G. Yao, A. F. Yuan, M. Zha, H. M. Zhang, Jilong Zhang, Jianli Zhang, L. Zhang, P. Zhang, X. Y. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Zhaxiciren, Zhaxisangzhu, X. X. Zhou, F. R. Zhu, Q. Q. Zhu, G. Zizzi, BERNARDINI, Paolo, DE MITRI, Ivan, MANCARELLA, Giovanni, MARSELLA, GIOVANNI, MARTELLO, Daniele, PANAREO, Marco, PERRONE, Lorenzo, B., Bartoli, Bernardini, Paolo, X. J., Bi, C., Bleve, I., Bolognino, P., Branchini, A., Budano, A. K., Calabrese Melcarne, P., Camarri, Z., Cao, A., Cappa, R., Cardarelli, S., Catalanotti, C., Cattaneo, P., Celio, S. Z., Chen, T. L., Chen, Y., Chen, P., Creti, S. W., Cui, B. Z., Dai, G., D’Alı Staiti, Danzengluobu, M., Dattoli, DE MITRI, Ivan, B., D’Ettorre Piazzoli, T., Di Girolamo, X. H., Ding, G., Di Sciascio, C. F., Feng, Zhaoyang, Feng, Zhenyong, Feng, F., Galeazzi, P., Galeotti, E., Giroletti, Q. B., Gou, Y. Q., Guo, H. H., He, Haibing, Hu, Hongbo, Hu, Q., Huang, M., Iacovacci, R., Iuppa, I., Jame, H. Y., Jia, Labaciren, H. J., Li, J. Y., Li, X. X., Li, G., Liguori, C., Liu, C. Q., Liu, J., Liu, M. Y., Liu, H., Lu, X. H., Ma, Mancarella, Giovanni, S. M., Mari, Marsella, Giovanni, Martello, Daniele, S., Mastroianni, P., Montini, C. C., Ning, A., Pagliaro, Panareo, Marco, B., Panico, Perrone, Lorenzo, P., Pistilli, X. B., Qu, E., Rossi, F., Ruggieri, P., Salvini, R., Santonico, P. R., Shen, X. D., Sheng, F., Shi, C., Stanescu, A., Surdo, Y. H., Tan, P., Vallania, S., Vernetto, C., Vigorito, B., Wang, H., Wang, C. Y., Wu, H. R., Wu, B., Xu, L., Xue, Y. X., Yan, Q. Y., Yang, X. C., Yang, Z. G., Yao, A. F., Yuan, M., Zha, H. M., Zhang, Jilong, Zhang, Jianli, Zhang, L., Zhang, P., Zhang, X. Y., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Zhaxiciren, Zhaxisangzhu, X. X., Zhou, F. R., Zhu, Q. Q., Zhu, and G., Zizzi
Subjects: gamma ray observations, Markarian 421, BL Lacertae object
Abstract: ARGO-YBJ is an air shower detector array with a fully covered layer of Resistive Plate Chambers. It is operated with a high duty cycle and a large field of view. It monitors continuously the northern sky at energies above 0.3 TeV. In this paper, we report a long-term monitoring of Mrk 421 over the period from November 2007 to February 2010. Meanwhile, this source was observed by the satellite-borne experiments RXTE and Swift in the X-ray band. Mrk 421 was very active especially in the first half of 2008. Many flares are observed in both X-ray and gamma-ray bands simultaneously. The gamma-ray flux observed by ARGO-YBJ has a clear correlation with the X-ray flux. No lag longer than 1 day between the X-ray and gamma-ray photons is found. The evolution of the spectral energy distribution is investigated by measuring indices at four different flux levels. Hardening of the spectra is observed in both X-ray and gamma-ray bands. The gamma-ray flux increases quadratically with the simultaneously measured X-ray flux. All these observational results strongly favor the synchrotron self-Compton process as the underlying radiative mechanism.
Published: 2011

40. Mean Interplanetary Magnetic Field Measurement Using the ARGO-YBJ Experiment

Author: X. X. Li, Zhenyong Feng, L. Zhang, B. D'Ettorre Piazzoli, L. Xue, G. Mancarella, Q. B. Gou, A. Cappa, M. Zha, F. R. Zhu, M. Panareo, B. Z. Dai, M. Iacovacci, Piero Vallania, P. Creti, Danzengluobu, F. Ruggieri, A. K. Calabrese Melcarne, L. Perrone, P. Salvini, R. Cardarelli, G. Marsella, Q. Q. Zhu, Y. Q. Guo, P. Branchini, H. Y. Jia, G. Aielli, R. Santonico, H. H. He, C. Bacci, S. M. Mari, Zhengguo Cao, X. C. Yang, B. S. Wang, A. Pagliaro, Q. Y. Yang, Bingwei Xu, P. F. Zhang, E. Giroletti, Severino Angelo Maria Bussino, S. W. Cui, Hongbo Hu, A. Surdo, C. F. Feng, X. J. Bi, H. R. Wu, I. De Mitri, X. R. Meng, C. Stanescu, Irina James, A. F. Yuan, Chang-Chun Ning, Zhaoyang Feng, J. Y. Li, Jilong Zhang, T. Di Girolamo, F. Shi, Jianli Zhang, T. L. Chen, H. M. Zhang, G. Di Sciascio, Carlo Vigorito, P. Celio, C. Y. Wu, M. Y. Liu, M. De Vincenzi, Haibing Hu, R. Gargana, I. Bolognino, B. Bartoli, H. J. Li, X. D. Sheng, C. Bleve, Y. B. Chen, S. Z. Chen, L. Saggese, Y. Zhang, B. Liberti, Paolo Bernardini, D. Martello, X. B. Qu, X. H. Ding, Labaciren, J. K. K. Liu, P. Pistilli, X. X. Zhou, G. D'Alí Staiti, Y. H. Tan, P. Galeotti, Q. Huang, X. Y. Zhang, C. Liu, X. H. Ma, G. Liguori, C. X. Liu, Zhaxisangzhu, S. Catalanotti, Z. G. Yao, Y. X. Yan, E. Rossi, M. Dattoli, H. Lu, Paolo Montini, R. Iuppa, and G. Zizzi, P. Camarri, H. W. Wang, S. Vernetto, F. Galeazzi, A. Budano, S. Mastroianni, C. Cattaneo, P. R. Shen, Bartoli, Bruno, Catalanotti, Sergio, D'ETTORRE PIAZZOLI, Benedetto, DI GIROLAMO, Tristano, Iacovacci, Michele, Aielli, G, Bacci, C, Bartoli, B, Bernardini, P, Bi, XJ, Bleve, C, Bolognino, I, Branchini, P, Budano, A, Bussino, S, Calabrese Melcarne, AK, Camarri, P, Cao, Z, Cappa, A, Cardarelli, R, Catalanotti, S, Cattaneo, C, Celio, P, Chen, SZ, Chen, TL, Chen, Y, Creti, P, Cui, SW, Dai, BZ, D'Ali Staiti, G, Danzengluobu, Dattoli, M, De Mitri, I, D'Ettorre Piazzoli, B, De Vincenzi, M, Di Girolamo, T, Ding, XH, Di Sciascio, G, Feng, CF, Feng, ZYa, Feng, ZYo, Galeazzi, F, Galeotti, P, Gargana, R, Giroletti, E, Gou, QB, Guo, YQ, He, HH, Hu, HaB, Hu, HoB, Huang, Q, Iacovacci, M, Iuppa, R, James, I, Jia, HY, Labaciren, Li, HJ, Li, JY, Li, XX, Liberti, B, Liguori, G, Liu, C, Liu, CQ, Liu, MY, Liu, J, Lu, H, Ma, XH, Mancarella, G, Mari, SM, Marsella, G, Martello, D, Mastroianni, S, Meng, XR, Montini, P, Ning, CC, Pagliaro, A, Panareo, M, Perrone, L, Pistilli, P, Qu XB, Rossi, E, Ruggieri, F, Saggese, L, Salvini, P, Santonico, R, Shen, PR, Sheng, XD, Shi, F, Stanescu, C, Surdo, A, Tan, YH, Vallania, P, Vernetto, S, Vigorito, C, Wang, B, Wang, H, Wu, CY, Wu, HR, Xu, B, Xue, L, Yan, YX, Yang, QY, Yang, XC, Yao, ZG, Yuan, AF, Zha, M, Zhang, HM, Zhang, JLi, Zhang, JLo, Zhang, L, Zhang, P, Zhang, XY, Zhang, Y, Zhaxisangzhu, Zhou, XX, Zhu, FR, Zhu, QQ, Zizzi, G, G., Aielli, C., Bacci, B., Bartoli, Bernardini, Paolo, X. J., Bi, C., Bleve, I., Bolognino, P., Branchini, A., Budano, S., Bussino, A. K., Calabrese Melcarne, P., Camarri, Z., Cao, A., Cappa, R., Cardarelli, S., Catalanotti, C., Cattaneo, P., Celio, S. Z., Chen, T. L., Chen, Y., Chen, P., Creti, S. W., Cui, B. Z., Dai, G., D'Alí Staiti, M., Dattoli, DE MITRI, Ivan, B., D'Ettorre Piazzoli, M., De Vincenzi, T., Di Girolamo, X. H., Ding, G., Di Sciascio, C. F., Feng, Zhaoyang, Feng, Zhenyong, Feng, F., Galeazzi, P., Galeotti, R., Gargana, E., Giroletti, Q. B., Gou, Y. Q., Guo, H. H., He, Haibing, Hu, Hongbo, Hu, Q., Huang, M., Iacovacci, R., Iuppa, I., Jame, H. Y., Jia, H. J., Li, J. Y., Li, X. X., Li, B., Liberti, G., Liguori, C., Liu, C. Q., Liu, M. Y., Liu, J., Liu, H., Lu, X. H., Ma, Mancarella, Giovanni, S. M., Mari, Marsella, Giovanni, Martello, Daniele, S., Mastroianni, X. R., Meng, P., Montini, C. C., Ning, A., Pagliaro, Panareo, Marco, Perrone, Lorenzo, P., Pistilli, X. B., Qu, E., Rossi, F., Ruggieri, L., Saggese, P., Salvini, R., Santonico, P. R., Shen, X. D., Sheng, F., Shi, C., Stanescu, A., Surdo, Y. H., Tan, P., Vallania, S., Vernetto, C., Vigorito, B., Wang, H., Wang, C. Y., Wu, H. R., Wu, B., Xu, L., Xue, Y. X., Yan, Q. Y., Yang, X. C., Yang, Z. G., Yao, A. F., Yuan, M., Zha, H. M., Zhang, Jilong, Zhang, Jianli, Zhang, L., Zhang, P., Zhang, X. Y., Zhang, Y., Zhang, X. X., Zhou, F. R., Zhu, Q. Q., Zhu, G., Zizzi, Bi, Xj, Bussino, Severino Angelo Maria, Melcarne, Akc, Chen, Sz, Chen, Tl, Cui, Sw, Dai, Bz, Staiti, Gd, Piazzoli, Bd, DE VINCENZI, Mario, Ding, Xh, Feng, Cf, Feng, Zy, Gou, Qb, Guo, Yq, He, Hh, Hu, Hb, Jia, Hy, Li, Hj, Li, Jy, Li, Xx, Liu, Cq, Liu, My, Ma, Xh, Mari, Stefano Maria, Meng, Xr, Ning, Cc, Qu, Xb, Shen, Pr, Sheng, Xd, Tan, Yh, Wu, Cy, Wu, Hr, Yan, Yx, Yang, Qy, Yang, Xc, Yao, Zg, Yuan, Af, Zhang, Hm, Zhang, Jl, Zhang, Xy, Zhou, Xx, Zhu, Fr, Zhu, Qq, and Zizzi, G.
Subjects: Solar System, Field (physics), media_common.quotation_subject, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, magnetic field, Cosmic ray, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Settore FIS/05 - Astronomia E Astrofisica, Shadow, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Interplanetary magnetic field, cosmic ray, Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR), media_common, Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Settore FIS/01 - Fisica Sperimentale, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Cosmic Rays, Gamma Sources, Extended Air Showers, Solar wind, Magnetic field, Solar wind, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, solar wind, Space and Planetary Science, Sky, Physics::Space Physics, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: The sun blocks cosmic ray particles from outside the solar system, forming a detectable shadow in the sky map of cosmic rays detected by the ARGO-YBJ experiment in Tibet. Because the cosmic ray particles are positive charged, the magnetic field between the sun and the earth deflects them from straight trajectories and results in a shift of the shadow from the true location of the sun. Here we show that the shift measures the intensity of the field which is transported by the solar wind from the sun to the earth., Comment: 6 papges,3 figures
Published: 2011
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41. Early warning for VHE gamma-ray flares with the ARGO-YBJ detector

Author: Y. Q. Guo, B. D'Ettorre Piazzoli, Haibing Hu, H. J. Li, H. R. Wu, C. Bleve, Y. Zhang, L. Xue, X. B. Qu, D. Martello, C. Stanescu, Chang-Chun Ning, B. Bartoli, R. Santonico, Zhaoyang Feng, X. H. Ding, Hong-peng Lu, Jilong Zhang, F. Galeazzi, B. Z. Dai, F. R. Zhu, Y. X. Yan, L. Zhang, F. Ruggieri, Piero Vallania, B. Panico, F. Shi, Y. H. Tan, Zhenyong Feng, C. Liu, P. Branchini, Danzengluobu, X. C. Yang, M. Dattoli, A. K. Calabrese Melcarne, Hongbo Hu, P. Pistilli, X. X. Zhou, C. Y. Wu, M. Iacovacci, M. Zha, X. H. Ma, A. Surdo, R. Cardarelli, C. F. Feng, M. Panareo, J. K. K. Liu, A. Cappa, G. Marsella, Bingwei Xu, E. Giroletti, X. Y. Zhang, Zhiguo Yao, H. H. He, Q. Q. Zhu, Q. B. Gou, A. F. Yuan, Minghui Liu, P. Creti, P. Galeotti, A. Budano, P. Salvini, Labaciren, Jianli Zhang, A. Pagliaro, I. De Mitri, X. D. Sheng, P. R. Shen, Paolo Bernardini, S. Mastroianni, T. Di Girolamo, T. L. Chen, H. M. Zhang, P. Celio, Q. Huang, Q. Y. Yang, I. Bolognino, G. Liguori, Zhaxiciren, G. Zizzi, J. Y. Li, G. Di Sciascio, C. X. Liu, H. W. Wang, G. D'Alí Staiti, Y. B. Chen, H. Y. Jia, Carlo Vigorito, Irina James, G. Mancarella, Paolo Camarri, L. Perrone, Zihuang Cao, X. X. Li, B. S. Wang, Zhaxisangzhu, S. M. Mari, P. F. Zhang, X. J. Bi, S. Z. Chen, C. Cattaneo, E. Rossi, Paolo Montini, R. Iuppa, S. Vernetto, S. Catalanotti, S. W. Cui, Bartoli, B, Bernardini, P, Bi, XJ, Bleve, C, Bolognino, I, Branchini, P, Budano, A, Calabrese Melcarne, AK, Camarri, P, Cao, Z, Cappa, A, Cardarelli, R, Catalanotti, S, Cattaneo, C, Celio, P, Chen, SZ, Chen, TL, Chen, Y, Creti, P, Cui, SW, Dai, BZ, D’Ali' Staiti, G, Danzengluobu, Dattoli, M, De Mitri, I, D’Ettorre Piazzoli, B, Di Girolamo, T, Ding, XH, Di Sciascio, G, Feng, CF, Feng, ZYa, Feng, ZYo, Galeazzi, F, Galeotti, P, Giroletti, E, Gou, QB, Guo, YQ, He, HH, Hu, HBa, Hu, HBo, Huang, Q, Iacovacci, M, Iuppa, R, James, I, Jia, HY, Labaciren, Li, HJ, Li, JY, Li, XX, Liguori, G, Liu, C, Liu, CQ, Liu, J, Liu, MY, Lu, H, Ma, XH, Mancarella, G, Mari, SM, Marsella, G, Martello, D, Mastroianni, S, Montini, P, Ning, CC, Pagliaro, A, Panareo, M, Panico, B, Perrone, L, Pistilli, P, Qu, XB, Rossi, E, Ruggieri, F, Salvini, P, Santonico, R, Shen, PR, Sheng, XD, Shi, F, Stanescu, C, Surdo, A, Tan, YH, Vallania, P, Vernetto, S, Vigorito, C, Wang, B, Wang, H, Wu, CY, Wu, HR, Xu B, Xue, L, Yan, YX, Yang, QY, Yang, XC, Yao, ZG, Yuan, AF, Zha, M, Zhang, HM, Zhang, JLo, Zhang, JLi, Zhang, L, Zhang, P, Zhang, XY, Zhang, Y, Zhaxiciren, Zhaxisangzhu, Zhou, XX, Zhu, FR, Zhu, QQ, Zizzi, G, Bartoli, Bruno, Catalanotti, Sergio, D'ETTORRE PIAZZOLI, Benedetto, DI GIROLAMO, Tristano, Iacovacci, Michele, B., Bartoli, Bernardini, Paolo, X. J., Bi, C., Bleve, I., Bolognino, P., Branchini, A., Budano, A. K., Calabrese Melcarne, P., Camarri, Z., Cao, A., Cappa, R., Cardarelli, S., Catalanotti, C., Cattaneo, P., Celio, S. Z., Chen, T. L., Chen, Y., Chen, P., Creti, S. W., Cui, B. Z., Dai, G., D’Alı´staiti, M., Dattoli, DE MITRI, Ivan, B., D’Ettorre Piazzoli, T., Di Girolamo, X. H., Ding, G., Di Sciascio, C. F., Feng, Zhaoyang, Feng, Zhenyong, Feng, F., Galeazzi, P., Galeotti, E., Giroletti, Q. B., Gou, Y. Q., Guo, H. H., He, Haibing, Huo, Hongbo, Hue, Q., Huang, M., Iacovacci, R., Iuppa, I., Jame, H. Y., Jia, H. J., Li, J. Y., Li, X. X., Li, G., Liguori, C., Liu, C. Q., Liu, J., Liu, M. Y., Liu, H., Lu, X. H., Ma, Mancarella, Giovanni, S. M., Mari, Marsella, Giovanni, Martello, Daniele, S., Mastroianni, P., Montini, C. C., Ning, A., Pagliaro, Panareo, Marco, B., Panico, Perrone, Lorenzo, P., Pistilli, X. B., Qu, E., Rossi, F., Ruggieri, P., Salvini, R., Santonico, P. R., Shen, X. D., Sheng, F., Shi, C., Stanescu, A., Surdo, Y. H., Tan, P., Vallania, S., Vernetto, C., Vigorito, B., Wang, H., Wang, C. Y., Wu, H. R., Wu, B., Xu, L., Xue, Y. X., Yan, Q. Y., Yang, X. C., Yang, Z. G., Yao, A. F., Yuan, M., Zha, H. M., Zhang, Jilongzhang, Jianlizhang, L., Zhang, P., Zhang, X. Y., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Zhaxiciren, Zhaxisangzhu, X. X., Zhou, F. R., Zhu, Q. Q., Zhu, G., Zizzi, Barton, B, Bi, Xj, Melcarne, Akc, Chen, Sz, Chen, Tl, Cui, Sw, Dai, Bz, Staiti, Gd, Piazzoli, Bd, Ding, Xh, Feng, Cf, Feng, Zy, Gou, Qb, Guo, Yq, He, Hh, Hu, Hb, Ilacovacci, M, Jia, Hy, Li, Hj, Li, Jy, Li, Xx, Liu, Cq, Liu, My, Ma, Xh, Mari, Stefano Maria, Ning, Cc, Qu, Xb, Santonicoi, R, Shen, Pr, Sheng, Xd, Tan, Yh, Wu, Cy, Wu, Hr, Xu, B, Yan, Yx, Yang, Qy, Yang, Xc, Yao, Zg, Yuan, Af, Zhang, Hm, Zhang, Jl, Zhang, Xy, Zhou, Xx, Zhu, Fr, Zhu, Qq, and Zizzi, G.
Subjects: Wide field of view, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Monitoring, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, ARGO-YBJ, Flaring phenomenon, VHE extragalactic source, Astrophysics, Settore FIS/05 - Astronomia E Astrofisica, Instrumentation, Sorgenti VHE extragalattiche, Argo, Cherenkov radiation, Physics, Fenomeni transienti, Warning system, Detector, Settore FIS/01 - Fisica Sperimentale, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Gamma ray, Monitoring Flaring Phenomenon, Astronomy, Wide field, Duty cycle, Ampio campo di vista, Flaring phenomena, VHE extragalactic sources, Gamma Ray Bursts, Large Field of view telescope, ARGO-YBJ, Gamma-ray burst
Abstract: Detecting and monitoring emissions from flaring gamma-ray sources in the very-high-energy (VHE, > 100 GeV) band is a very important topic in gamma-ray astronomy. The ARGO-YBJ detector is characterized by a high duty cycle and a wide field of view. Therefore, it is particularly capable of detecting flares from extragalactic objects. Based on fast reconstruction and analysis, real-time monitoring of 33 selected VHE extragalactic sources is implemented. Flares exceeding a specific threshold are reported timely, hence enabling the follow-up observation of these objects using more sensitive detectors, such as Cherenkov telescopes. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Published: 2011

42. Measurement of the ratio using event shape variables

Author: D. Buskulic, I. De Bonis, D. Decamp, P. Ghez, C. Goy, J. P. Lees, M. N. Minard, B. Pietrzyk, F. Ariztizabal, P. Comas, J. M. Crespo, M. Delfino, I. Efthymiopoulos, E. Fernandez, M. Fernandez Bosman, V. Gaitan, L.l. Garrido, T. Mattison, A. Pacheco, C. Padilla, A. Pascual, D. Creanza, M. de Palma, A. Farilla, G. Iaselli, G. Maggi, S. Natali, S. Nuzzo, M. Quattromini, A. Ranieri, G. Raso, F. Romano, F. Ruggieri, G. Selvaggi, L. Silvestris, P. Tempesta, G. Zito, Y. Chai, H. Hu, D. Huang, X. Huang, J. Lin, T. Wang, Y. Xie, D. Xie, D. Xu, R. Xu, J. Zhang, L. Zhang, W. Zhao, E. Blucher, G. Bonvicini, J. Boudreau, D. Casper, H. Drevermann, R. W. Forty, G. Ganis, C. Gay, R. Hagelberg, J. Harvey, J. Hilgart, R. Jacobsen, B. Jost, J. Knobloch, I. Lehraus, T. Lohse, M. Maggi, C. Markou, M. Martinez, P. Mato, H. Meinhard, A. Minten, A. Miotto, R. Miquel, H. G. Moser, P. Palazzi, J. R. Pater, J. A. Perlas, J. F. Pusztaszeri, F. Ranjard, G. Redlinger, L. Rolandi, J. Rothberg, T. Ruan, M. Saich, D. Schlatter, M. Schmelling, F. Sefkow, W. Tejessy, I. R. Tomalin, R. Veenhof, H. Wachsmuth, S. Wasserbaech, W. Wiedenmann, T. Wildish, W. Witzeling, J. Wotschack, Z. Ajaltouni, F. Badaud, M. Bardadin Otwinowska, R. El Fellous, A. Falvard, P. Gay, C. Guicheney, P. Henrard, J. Jousset, B. Michel, J. C. Montret, D. Pallin, P. Perret, F. Podlyski, J. Proriol, F. Prulhière, F. Saadi, T. Fearnley, J. B. Hansen, J. D. Hansen, J. R. Hansen, P. H. Hansen, R. Møllerud, B. S. Nilsson, A. Kyriakis, E. Simopoulou, I. Siotis, A. Vayaki, K. Zachariadou, J. Badier, A. Blondel, G. Bonneaud, J. C. Brient, G. Fouque, S. Orteu, A. Rougé, M. Rumpf, R. Tanaka, M. Verderi, H. Videau, D. J. Candlin, M. I. Parsons, E. Veitch, E. Focardi, L. Moneta, G. Parrini, M. Corden, C. Georgiopoulos, M. Ikeda, D. Levinthal, A. Antonelli, R. Baldini, G. Bencivenni, G. Bologna, F. Bossi, P. Campana, G. Capon, F. Cerutti, V. Chiarella, B. D'Ettorre Piazzoli, G. Felici, P. Laurelli, G. Mannocchi, F. Murtas, G. P. Murtas, L. Passalacqua, M. Pepe Altarelli, P. Picchi, P. Colrain, I. ten Have, J. G. Lynch, W. Maitland, W. T. Morton, C. Raine, P. Reeves, J. M. Scarr, K. Smith, M. G. Smith, A. S. Thompson, R. M. Turnbull, B. Brandl, O. Braun, C. Geweniger, P. Hanke, V. Hepp, E. E. Kluge, Y. Maumary, A. Putzer, B. Rensch, A. Stahl, K. Tittel, M. Wunsch, R. Beuselinck, D. M. Binnie, W. Cameron, M. Cattaneo, D. J. Colling, P. J. Dornan, A. M. Greene, J. F. Hassard, N. M. Lieske, A. Moutoussi, J. Nash, S. Patton, D. G. Payne, M. J. Phillips, G. San Martin, J. K. Sedgbeer, A. G. Wright, P. Girtler, D. Kuhn, G. Rudolph, R. Vogl, C. K. Bowdery, T. J. Brodbeck, A. J. Finch, F. Foster, G. Hughes, D. Jackson, N. R. Keemer, M. Nuttall, A. Patel, T. Sloan, S. W. Snow, E. P. Whelan, K. Kleinknecht, J. Raab, B. Renk, H. G. Sander, H. Schmidt, F. Steeg, S. M. Walther, R. Wanke, B. Wolf, A. M. Bencheikh, C. Benchouk, A. Bonissent, J. Carr, P. Coyle, J. Drinkard, F. Etienne, D. Nicod, S. Papalexiou, P. Payre, L. Roos, D. Rousseau, P. Schwemling, M. Talby, S. Adlung, R. Assmann, C. Bauer, W. Blum, D. Brown, P. Cattaneo, B. Dehning, H. Dietl, F. Dydak, M. Frank, A. W. Halley, K. Jakobs, J. Lauber, G. Lütjens, G. Lutz, W. Männer, R. Richter, J. Schröder, A. S. Schwarz, R. Settles, H. Seywerd, U. Stierlin, U. Stiegler, R. S.t. Denis, G. Wolf, R. Alemany, J. Boucrot, O. Callot, A. Cordier, M. Davier, L. Duflot, J. F. Grivaz, P.h. Heusse, D. E. Jaffe, P. Janot, D. W. Kim, F. Le Diberder, J. Lefrançois, A. M. Lutz, M. H. Schune, J. J. Veillet, I. Videau, Z. Zhang, D. Abbaneo, G. Bagliesi, G. Batignani, U. Bottigli, C. Bozzi, G. Calderini, M. Carpinelli, M. A. Ciocci, R. Dell'Orso, I. Ferrante, F. Fidecaro, L. Foà, F. Forti, A. Giassi, M. A. Giorgi, A. Gregorio, F. Ligabue, A. Lusiani, E. B. Mannelli, P. S. Marrocchesi, A. Messineo, F. Palla, G. Rizzo, G. Sanguinetti, P. Spagnolo, J. Steinberger, R. Tenchini, G. Tonelli, G. Triggiani, C. Vannini, A. Venturi, P. G. Verdini, J. Walsh, A. P. Betteridge, Y. Gao, M. G. Green, P. V. March, L.l. M. Mir, T. Medcalf, I. S. Quazi, J. A. Strong, L. R. West, D. R. Botterill, R. W. Clifft, T. R. Edgecock, S. Haywood, P. R. Norton, J. C. Thompson, B. Bloch Devaux, P. Colas, H. Duarte, S. Emery, W. Kozanecki, E. Lançon, M. C. Lemaire, E. Locci, B. Marx, P. Perez, J. Rander, J. F. Renardy, A. Rosowsky, A. Roussarie, J. P. Schuller, J. Schwindling, D. Si Mohand, B. Vallage, R. P. Johnson, A. M. Litke, G. Taylor, J. Wear, J. G. Ashman, W. Babbage, C. N. Booth, C. Buttar, S. Cartwright, F. Combley, I. Dawson, L. F. Thompson, E. Barberio, A. Böhrer, S. Brandt, G. Cowan, C. Grupen, G. Lutters, F. Rivera, U. Schäfer, L. Smolik, L. Bosisio, R. Della Marina, G. Giannini, B. Gobbo, F. Ragusa, L. Bellantoni, W. Chen, J. S. Conway, Z. Feng, D. P. S. Ferguson, Y. S. Gao, J. Grahl, J. L. Harton, O. J. Hayes, J. M. Nachtman, Y. B. Pan, Y. Saadi, M. Schmitt, I. Scott, V. Sharma, Z. H. Shi, J. D. Turk, A. M. Walsh, F. V. Weber, Sau Lan Wu, X. Wu, M. Zheng, G. Zobernig, D'ETTORRE PIAZZOLI, BENEDETTO, D., Buskulic, I., De Boni, D., Decamp, P., Ghez, C., Goy, J. P., Lee, M. N., Minard, B., Pietrzyk, D'ETTORRE PIAZZOLI, Benedetto, F., Ariztizabal, P., Coma, J. M., Crespo, M., Delfino, I., Efthymiopoulo, E., Fernandez, M., Fernandez Bosman, V., Gaitan, Garrido, L. l., T., Mattison, A., Pacheco, C., Padilla, A., Pascual, D., Creanza, M., de Palma, A., Farilla, G., Iaselli, G., Maggi, S., Natali, S., Nuzzo, M., Quattromini, A., Ranieri, G., Raso, F., Romano, F., Ruggieri, G., Selvaggi, L., Silvestri, P., Tempesta, G., Zito, Y., Chai, H., Hu, D., Huang, X., Huang, J., Lin, T., Wang, Y., Xie, D., Xie, D., Xu, R., Xu, J., Zhang, L., Zhang, W., Zhao, E., Blucher, G., Bonvicini, J., Boudreau, D., Casper, H., Drevermann, R. W., Forty, G., Gani, C., Gay, R., Hagelberg, J., Harvey, J., Hilgart, R., Jacobsen, B., Jost, J., Knobloch, I., Lehrau, T., Lohse, M., Maggi, C., Markou, M., Martinez, P., Mato, H., Meinhard, A., Minten, A., Miotto, R., Miquel, H. G., Moser, P., Palazzi, J. R., Pater, J. A., Perla, J. F., Pusztaszeri, F., Ranjard, G., Redlinger, L., Rolandi, J., Rothberg, T., Ruan, M., Saich, D., Schlatter, M., Schmelling, F., Sefkow, W., Tejessy, I. R., Tomalin, R., Veenhof, H., Wachsmuth, S., Wasserbaech, W., Wiedenmann, T., Wildish, W., Witzeling, J., Wotschack, Z., Ajaltouni, F., Badaud, M., Bardadin Otwinowska, R., El Fellou, A., Falvard, P., Gay, C., Guicheney, P., Henrard, J., Jousset, B., Michel, J. C., Montret, D., Pallin, P., Perret, F., Podlyski, J., Proriol, F., Prulhière, F., Saadi, T., Fearnley, J. B., Hansen, J. D., Hansen, J. R., Hansen, P. H., Hansen, R., Møllerud, B. S., Nilsson, A., Kyriaki, E., Simopoulou, I., Sioti, A., Vayaki, K., Zachariadou, J., Badier, A., Blondel, G., Bonneaud, J. C., Brient, G., Fouque, S., Orteu, A., Rougé, M., Rumpf, R., Tanaka, M., Verderi, H., Videau, D. J., Candlin, M. I., Parson, E., Veitch, E., Focardi, L., Moneta, G., Parrini, M., Corden, C., Georgiopoulo, M., Ikeda, D., Levinthal, A., Antonelli, R., Baldini, G., Bencivenni, G., Bologna, F., Bossi, P., Campana, G., Capon, F., Cerutti, V., Chiarella, B., D'Ettorre Piazzoli, G., Felici, P., Laurelli, G., Mannocchi, F., Murta, G. P., Murta, L., Passalacqua, M., Pepe Altarelli, P., Picchi, P., Colrain, I., ten Have, J. G., Lynch, W., Maitland, W. T., Morton, C., Raine, P., Reeve, J. M., Scarr, K., Smith, M. G., Smith, A. S., Thompson, R. M., Turnbull, B., Brandl, O., Braun, C., Geweniger, P., Hanke, V., Hepp, E. E., Kluge, Y., Maumary, A., Putzer, B., Rensch, A., Stahl, K., Tittel, M., Wunsch, R., Beuselinck, D. M., Binnie, W., Cameron, M., Cattaneo, D. J., Colling, P. J., Dornan, A. M., Greene, J. F., Hassard, N. M., Lieske, A., Moutoussi, J., Nash, S., Patton, D. G., Payne, M. J., Phillip, G., San Martin, J. K., Sedgbeer, A. G., Wright, P., Girtler, D., Kuhn, G., Rudolph, R., Vogl, C. K., Bowdery, T. J., Brodbeck, A. J., Finch, F., Foster, G., Hughe, D., Jackson, N. R., Keemer, M., Nuttall, A., Patel, T., Sloan, S. W., Snow, E. P., Whelan, K., Kleinknecht, J., Raab, B., Renk, H. G., Sander, H., Schmidt, F., Steeg, S. M., Walther, R., Wanke, B., Wolf, A. M., Bencheikh, C., Benchouk, A., Bonissent, J., Carr, P., Coyle, J., Drinkard, F., Etienne, D., Nicod, S., Papalexiou, P., Payre, L., Roo, D., Rousseau, P., Schwemling, M., Talby, S., Adlung, R., Assmann, C., Bauer, W., Blum, D., Brown, P., Cattaneo, B., Dehning, H., Dietl, F., Dydak, M., Frank, A. W., Halley, K., Jakob, J., Lauber, G., Lütjen, G., Lutz, W., Männer, R., Richter, J., Schröder, A. S., Schwarz, R., Settle, H., Seywerd, U., Stierlin, U., Stiegler, Denis, R. S. t., G., Wolf, R., Alemany, J., Boucrot, O., Callot, A., Cordier, M., Davier, L., Duflot, J. F., Grivaz, Heusse, P. h., D. E., Jaffe, P., Janot, D. W., Kim, F., Le Diberder, J., Lefrançoi, A. M., Lutz, M. H., Schune, J. J., Veillet, I., Videau, Z., Zhang, D., Abbaneo, G., Bagliesi, G., Batignani, U., Bottigli, C., Bozzi, G., Calderini, M., Carpinelli, M. A., Ciocci, R., Dell'Orso, I., Ferrante, F., Fidecaro, L., Foà, F., Forti, A., Giassi, M. A., Giorgi, A., Gregorio, F., Ligabue, A., Lusiani, E. B., Mannelli, P. S., Marrocchesi, A., Messineo, F., Palla, G., Rizzo, G., Sanguinetti, P., Spagnolo, J., Steinberger, R., Tenchini, G., Tonelli, G., Triggiani, C., Vannini, A., Venturi, P. G., Verdini, J., Walsh, A. P., Betteridge, Y., Gao, M. G., Green, P. V., March, Mir, L. l. M., T., Medcalf, I. S., Quazi, J. A., Strong, L. R., West, D. R., Botterill, R. W., Clifft, T. R., Edgecock, S., Haywood, P. R., Norton, J. C., Thompson, B., Bloch Devaux, P., Cola, H., Duarte, S., Emery, W., Kozanecki, E., Lançon, M. C., Lemaire, E., Locci, B., Marx, P., Perez, J., Rander, J. F., Renardy, A., Rosowsky, A., Roussarie, J. P., Schuller, J., Schwindling, D., Si Mohand, B., Vallage, R. P., Johnson, A. M., Litke, G., Taylor, J., Wear, J. G., Ashman, W., Babbage, C. N., Booth, C., Buttar, S., Cartwright, F., Combley, I., Dawson, L. F., Thompson, E., Barberio, A., Böhrer, S., Brandt, G., Cowan, C., Grupen, G., Lutter, F., Rivera, U., Schäfer, L., Smolik, L., Bosisio, R., Della Marina, G., Giannini, B., Gobbo, F., Ragusa, L., Bellantoni, W., Chen, J. S., Conway, Z., Feng, D. P. S., Ferguson, Y. S., Gao, J., Grahl, J. L., Harton, O. J., Haye, J. M., Nachtman, Y. B., Pan, Y., Saadi, M., Schmitt, I., Scott, V., Sharma, Z. H., Shi, J. D., Turk, A. M., Walsh, F. V., Weber, Sau Lan, Wu, X., Wu, M., Zheng, and G., Zobernig
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Branching fraction, Hadron, Elementary particle, 01 natural sciences, 0103 physical sciences, Transverse momentum, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Nuclear Experiment, 010306 general physics, ALEPH experiment, Lepton, Bar (unit), Event (probability theory)
Abstract: The branching fraction of Z → b b relative to all hadronic decays of the Z has been measured using event shape variables to preferentially select Z → b b events. The method chosen applies a combination of shape discriminators and the selection of high transverse momentum leptons to event hemispheres. From a sample of 440 000 hadronic Z decays collected with the ALEPH detector at LEP, the ration Γ b b Γ had = 0.228±0.005( stat. )±0.005( syst. ) is measured.
Published: 1993
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43. Gamma-ray flares from Mrk421 in 2008 observed with the ARGO-YBJ experiment

Author: G. AIELLI, C. BACCI, B. BARTOLI, X. J. BI, C. BLEVE, P. BRANCHINI, A. BUDANO, S. BUSSINO, A. K. CALABRESE MELCARNE, P. CAMARRI, Z. CAO, A. CAPPA, R. CARDARELLI, S. CATALANOTTI, C. CATTANEO, P. CELIO, S. Z. CHEN, Y. CHEN, N. CHENG, P. CRETI, S. W. CUI, B. Z. DAI, G. D’ALÍ STAITI, DANZENGLUOBU, M. DATTOLI, B. D’ETTORRE PIAZZOLI, M. DE VINCENZI, T. DI GIROLAMO, X. H. DING, G. DI SCIASCIO, C. F. FENG, ZHAOYANG FENG, ZHENYONG FENG, F. GALEAZZI, P. GALEOTTI, R. GARGANA, Q. B. GOU, Y. Q. GUO, H. H. HE, HAIBING HU, HONGBO HU, Q. HUANG, M. IACOVACCI, R. IUPPA, I. JAMES, H. Y. JIA, LABACIREN, H. J. LI, J. Y. LI, X. X. LI, B. LIBERTI, G. LIGUORI, C. LIU, C. Q. LIU, M. Y. LIU, J. LIU, H. LU, X. H. MA, S. M. MARI, S. MASTROIANNI, X. R. MENG, P. MONTINI, C. C. NING, A. PAGLIARO, P. PISTILLI, X. B. QU, E. ROSSI, F. RUGGIERI, L. SAGGESE, P. SALVINI, R. SANTONICO, P. R. SHEN, X. D. SHENG, F. SHI, C. STANESCU, A. SURDO, Y. H. TAN, P. VALLANIA, S. VERNETTO, C. VIGORITO, B. WANG, H. WANG, C. Y. WU, H. R. WU, B. XU, L. XUE, Y. X. YAN, Q. Y. YANG, X. C. YANG, A. F. YUAN, M. ZHA, H. M. ZHANG, JILONG ZHANG, JIANLI ZHANG, L. ZHANG, P. ZHANG, X. Y. ZHANG, Y. ZHANG, ZHAXISANGZHU, X. X. ZHOU, F. R. ZHU, Q. Q. ZHU, G. ZIZZI, BERNARDINI, Paolo, DE MITRI, Ivan, MANCARELLA, Giovanni, MARSELLA, GIOVANNI, MARTELLO, Daniele, PANAREO, Marco, PERRONE, Lorenzo, G., Aielli, C., Bacci, B., Bartoli, Bernardini, Paolo, X. J., Bi, C., Bleve, P., Branchini, A., Budano, S., Bussino, A. K., CALABRESE MELCARNE, P., Camarri, Z., Cao, A., Cappa, R., Cardarelli, S., Catalanotti, C., Cattaneo, P., Celio, S. Z., Chen, Y., Chen, N., Cheng, P., Creti, S. W., Cui, B. Z., Dai, G., D’ALÍ STAITI, Danzengluobu, M., Dattoli, DE MITRI, Ivan, B., D’ETTORRE PIAZZOLI, M., DE VINCENZI, T., DI GIROLAMO, X. H., Ding, G., DI SCIASCIO, C. F., Feng, Zhaoyang, Feng, Zhenyong, Feng, F., Galeazzi, P., Galeotti, R., Gargana, Q. B., Gou, Y. Q., Guo, H. H., He, Haibing, Hu, Hongbo, Hu, Q., Huang, M., Iacovacci, R., Iuppa, I., Jame, H. Y., Jia, Labaciren, H. J., Li, J. Y., Li, X. X., Li, B., Liberti, G., Liguori, C., Liu, C. Q., Liu, M. Y., Liu, J., Liu, H., Lu, X. H., Ma, Mancarella, Giovanni, S. M., Mari, Marsella, Giovanni, Martello, Daniele, S., Mastroianni, X. R., Meng, P., Montini, C. C., Ning, A., Pagliaro, Panareo, Marco, Perrone, Lorenzo, P., Pistilli, X. B., Qu, E., Rossi, F., Ruggieri, L., Saggese, P., Salvini, R., Santonico, P. R., Shen, X. D., Sheng, F., Shi, C., Stanescu, A., Surdo, Y. H., Tan, P., Vallania, S., Vernetto, C., Vigorito, B., Wang, H., Wang, C. Y., Wu, H. R., Wu, B., Xu, L., Xue, Y. X., Yan, Q. Y., Yang, X. C., Yang, A. F., Yuan, M., Zha, H. M., Zhang, Jilong, Zhang, Jianli, Zhang, L., Zhang, P., Zhang, X. Y., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Zhaxisangzhu, X. X., Zhou, F. R., Zhu, Q. Q., Zhu, and G., Zizzi
Subjects: TeV gamma-ray flares – Gamma rays: observations [Mrk421 – Galaxy]
Abstract: In 2008, the blazar Mrk421 entered in a very active phase and was one of the brightest sources in the sky at TeV energies, showing strong and frequent flaring. We searched for gamma-ray emission at energies E>0.8 TeV during the whole 2008 with the ARGO-YBJ experiment, a full coverage air shower detector located at Yangbajing (4300 m a.s.l., Tibet, P.R. China). The observed signal is not constant and in correlation with X-ray measurements. The average emission, during the active period of the source, was about twice the Crab Nebula level. This paper concentrates on 2008 June when the Mrk421 flaring activity has been studied from optical to 100 MeV gamma rays, and only partially up to TeV energies, since the moonlight hampered the Cherenkov telescope observations after 8 June. Our data complete these observations, with the detection of a second flare of intensity of about 7 Crab units on June 11-13, with a statistical significance of 4.2 standard deviations. The observed flux is consistent with a prediction made in the framework of the Synchrotron Self-Compton model, in which the flare is caused by a rapid acceleration of leptons in the jet.
Published: 2010

44. Operation and performance of RPCs in the ARGO-YBJ experiment

Author: THE ARGO YBJ C.O.L.L.A.B.O.R.A.T.I.O.N.G. Aielli a, b, C. Bacci c, d, B. Bartoli e, f, P. Bernardini g, h, X. J. Bi i, C. Bleve g, P. Branchini d, A. Budano d, S. Bussino c, A. K. Calabrese Melcarne x, P. Camarri a, Z. Cao i, A. Cappa j, k, R. Cardarelli b, S. Catalanotti f, e, C. Cattaneo l, P. Celio c, S. Z. Chen i, Y. Chen i, N. Cheng i, P. Creti h, S. W. Cuim, B. Z. Dai o, G. D’Alí Staiti n, p, Danzengluobu q, M. Dattoli j, k, r, I. De Mitri g, B. D’Ettorre Piazzoli f, M. DeVincenzi c, T. Di Girolamo f, X. H. Ding q, G. Di Sciascio b, C. F. Feng s, ZhaoyangFeng i, Zhenyong Feng t, F. Galeazzi d, P. Galeotti j, r, R. Gargana d, Q. B. Gou i, Y. Q. Guo i, H. H. He i, Haibing Huq, Hongbo Hui, Q. Huang t, M. Iacovacci f, R. Iuppa a, I. James c, H. Y. Jia t, Labaciren q, H. J. Li q, J. Y. Li s, X. X. Li i, B. Liberti b, G. Liguori l, u, C. Liu i, C. Q. Liu o, M. Y. Lium, J. Liu o, H. Lui, X. H. Mai, G. Mancarellag, MARI, Stefano Maria, c, d, G. Marsella h, v, D. Martello g, S. Mastroianni e, X. R. Meng q, P. Montini c, C. C. Ning q, A. Pagliaro n, w, M. Panareo h, L. Perrone h, P. Pistilli c, X. B. Qu s, E. Rossi e, F. Ruggieri d, L. Saggese f, P. Salvini l, R. Santonico a, P. R. Shen i, X. D. Sheng i, F. Shi i, C. Stanescu d, A. Surdo h, Y. H. Tan i, P. Vallania j, S. Vernetto j, C. Vigorito j, B. Wangi, H. Wang i, C. Y. Wui, H. R. Wui, B. Xut, L. Xues, Y. X. Yanm, Q. Y. Yang o, X. C. Yang o, A. F. Yuan q, M. Zha i, H. M. Zhang i, JiLong Zhang i, JianLi Zhang i, L. Zhang o, P. Zhang o, X. Y. Zhang s, Y. Zhang i, Zhaxisangzhu q, X. X. Zhou t, F. R. Zhu i, Q. Q. Zhu i, G. Zizzi g, Aielli a, THE ARGO YBJ C. O. L. L. A. B. O. R. A. T. I. O. N. G., B, C., Bacci c, D, B., Bartoli e, F, P., Bernardini g, H, X. J., Bi i, C., Bleve g, P., Branchini d, A., Budano d, S., Bussino c, A. K., Calabrese Melcarne x, P., Camarri a, Z., Cao i, A., Cappa j, K, R., Cardarelli b, S., Catalanotti f, E, C., Cattaneo l, P., Celio c, S. Z., Chen i, Y., Chen i, N., Cheng i, P., Creti h, S. W., Cuim, B. Z., Dai o, G., D’Alí Staiti n, P, Danzengluobu, Q, M., Dattoli j, K, R, I., De Mitri g, B., D’Ettorre Piazzoli f, M., DeVincenzi c, T., Di Girolamo f, X. H., Ding q, G., Di Sciascio b, C. F., Feng, Zhaoyangfeng, I, Zhenyong Feng, T, F., Galeazzi d, P., Galeotti j, R, R., Gargana d, Q. B., Gou i, Y. Q., Guo i, H. H., He i, Haibing, Huq, Hongbo, Hui, Q., Huang t, M., Iacovacci f, R., Iuppa a, I., James c, H. Y., Jia t, Labaciren, Q, H. J., Li q, J. Y., Li, X. X., Li i, B., Liberti b, G., Liguori l, U, C., Liu i, C. Q., Liu o, M. Y., Lium, J., Liu o, H., Lui, X. H., Mai, G., Mancarellag, Mari, Stefano Maria, C, D, G., Marsella h, V, D., Martello g, S., Mastroianni e, X. R., Meng q, P., Montini c, C. C., Ning q, A., Pagliaro n, W, M., Panareo h, L., Perrone h, P., Pistilli c, X. B., Qu, E., Rossi e, F., Ruggieri d, L., Saggese f, P., Salvini l, R., Santonico a, P. R., Shen i, X. D., Sheng i, F., Shi i, C., Stanescu d, A., Surdo h, Y. H., Tan i, P., Vallania j, S., Vernetto j, C., Vigorito j, B., Wangi, H., Wang i, C. Y., Wui, H. R., Wui, B., Xut, L., Xue, Y. X., Yanm, Q. Y., Yang o, X. C., Yang o, A. F., Yuan q, M., Zha i, H. M., Zhang i, JiLong Zhang, I, JianLi Zhang, I, L., Zhang o, P., Zhang o, X. Y., Zhang, Y., Zhang i, Zhaxisangzhu, Q, X. X., Zhou t, F. R., Zhu i, Q. Q., Zhu i, and G., Zizzi g
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, business.industry, Detector, Settore FIS/01 - Fisica Sperimentale, Detector control system, Extensive air showers, Gaseous detectors, Resistive plate chambers, Optics, business, Instrumentation, Argo, Remote sensing
Abstract: The ARGO-YBJ array for EAS detection at high altitude (4300 m a.s.l.) is the largest RPC-based detector in operation at present (active area of 6700 m 2 out of a total instrumented surface of about 10 4 m 2 ). The constant monitoring of the main operational and environmental parameters is essential for both keeping the detector status under control and understanding the detector behaviour more deeply. Exploiting the information provided by the ARGO-YBJ Detector Control System, the present status of the detector is described and some correlations between the environmental and the operational parameters of the ARGO-YBJ RPCs are shown. This study was performed using the monitored data from the complete ARGO-YBJ array which has been in operation since October 2007. Preliminary results on the observations of the Moon shadow and of γ -ray point sources are also presented.
Published: 2009

45. Proton-air cross section measurement with the ARGO-YBJ cosmic ray experiment

Author: I. De Mitri, B. D'Ettorre Piazzoli, A. K. Calabrese Melcarne, P. Pistilli, H. M. Zhang, G. Marsella, X. X. Zhou, Enrico Rossi, Giovanni Mancarella, L. Xue, F. Galeazzi, P. Galeotti, C. Liu, Jilong Zhang, G. D'Alí Staiti, P. Vallania, A. Surdo, X. X. Li, Q. Huang, Giulio Aielli, Hong-peng Lu, X. H. Ma, Longzhou Zhang, Q. Q. Zhu, C. Bacci, G. Liguori, Haibing Hu, M. Y. Liu, A. Pagliaro, A. F. Yuan, Zhenyong Feng, Huaguang Wang, C. Bleve, Paolo Camarri, Y. Zhang, B. Bartoli, X. D. Sheng, Fudong Shi, Q. Y. Yang, N. Cheng, X. R. Meng, G. Zizzi, D. Martello, J. K. K. Liu, C. Cattaneo, J. Y. Li, R. Gargana, Danzengluobu, Labaciren, S. Mastroianni, R. Santonico, M. Iacovacci, Chang-Chun Ning, B. S. Wang, S. M. Mari, X. Y. Zhang, L. Perrone, Zhaxisangzhu, Zhaoyang Feng, Y. Q. Guo, Jianli Zhang, P. Creti, Zihuang Cao, F. Ruggieri, A. Cappa, Carlo Vigorito, Y. X. Yan, Antonio Budano, S. W. Cui, C. Y. Wu, Barbara Liberti, X. B. Qu, C. Q. Liu, X. C. Yang, P. Salvini, X. H. Ding, L. Saggese, P. F. Zhang, X. J. Bi, Irina James, Roberto Cardarelli, P. Bernardini, S. Z. Chen, Y. H. Tan, F. R. Zhu, Paolo Montini, R. Iuppa, S. Catalanotti, M. Panareo, G. Di Sciascio, T. Di Girolamo, P. Celio, H.H. He, M. Dattoli, M. De Vincenzi, Y. B. Chen, Hongbo Hu, C. F. Feng, H. Y. Jia, H. J. Li, S. Vernetto, H. R. Wu, P. R. Shen, M. Zha, B. Z. Dai, Cristian Stanescu, P. Branchini, Bingwei Xu, Severino Angelo Maria Bussino, Q. B. Gou, Aielli, G, Bacci, C, Bartoli, B, Bernardini, P, Bi, XJ, Bleve, C, Branchini, P, Budano, A, Bussino, S, Calabrese Melcarne, AK, Camarri, P, Cao, Z, Cappa, A, Cardarelli, R, Catalanotti, S, Cattaneo, C, Celio, P, Chen, SZ, Chen, Y, Cheng, N, Creti, P, Cui, SW, Dai, BZ, D'Ali'Staiti, G, Danzengluobu, Dattoli, M, De Mitri, I, D'Ettorre Piazzoli, B, De Vincenzi, M, Di Girolamo, T, Ding, XH, Di Sciascio, G, Feng, F, Feng, ZYa, Feng, ZYo, Galeazzi, F, Galeotti, P, Gargana, R, Gou, QB, Guo, YQ, He, HH, Hu, HaB, Hu, HoB, Huang, Q, Iacovacci, M, Iuppa, R, James, I, Jia, HY, Labaciren, Li, HJ, Li, JY, Li, XX, Liberti, B, Liguori, G, Liu, C, Liu, CQ, Liu, J, Liu, MY, Lu, H, Ma, XH, Mancarella, G, Mari, SM, Marsella, G, Martello, D, Mastroianni, S, Meng, XR, Montini, P, Ning, CC, Pagliaro, A, Panareo, M, Perrone, L, Pistilli, P, Qu, XB, Rossi, E, Ruggieri, F, Saggese, L, Salvini, P, Santonico, R, Shen, PR, Sheng, XD, Shi, F, Stanescu, C, Surdo, A, Tan, YH, Vallania, P, Vernetto, S, Vigorito, C, Wang, B, Wang, H, Wu, CY, Wu, HR, Xu, B, Xue, L, Yan, YX, Yang, QY, Yang, XC, Yuan, AF, Zha, M, Zhang, HM, Zhang, JLi, Zhang, JLo, Zhang, L, Zhang, P, Zhang, XY, Zhang, Y, Zhaxisangzhu, Zhou, XX, Zhu, FR, Zhu, QQ, Zizzi, G, G., Aielli, C., Bacci, B., Bartoli, Bernardini, Paolo, X. J., Bi, Bleve, Carla, P., Branchini, A., Budano, S., Bussino, A. K., Calabrese Melcarne, P., Camarri, Z., Cao, A., Cappa, R., Cardarelli, S., Catalanotti, C., Cattaneo, P., Celio, S. Z., Chen, Y., Chen, N., Cheng, P., Creti, S. W., Cui, B. Z., Dai, G., D’Ali' Staiti, M., Dattoli, DE MITRI, Ivan, B., D’Ettorre Piazzoli, M., De Vincenzi, T., Di Girolamo, X. H., Ding, G., Di Sciascio, C. F., Feng, Zhaoyang, Feng, Zhenyong, Feng, F., Galeazzi, P., Galeotti, R., Gargana, Q. B., Gou, Y. Q., Guo, H. H., He, Haibing, Hu, Hongbo, Hu, Q., Huang, M., Iacovacci, R., Iuppa, I., Jame, H. Y., Jia, H. J., Li, J. Y., Li, X. X., Li, B., Liberti, G., Liguori, C., Liu, C. Q., Liu, M. Y., Liu, J., Liu, H., Lu, X. H., Ma, Mancarella, Giovanni, S. M., Mari, Marsella, Giovanni, Martello, Daniele, S., Mastroianni, X. R., Meng, P., Montini, C. C., Ning, A., Pagliaro, Panareo, Marco, Perrone, Lorenzo, P., Pistilli, X. B., Qu, E., Rossi, F., Ruggieri, L., Saggese, P., Salvini, R., Santonico, P. R., Shen, X. D., Sheng, F., Shi, C., Stanescu, A., Surdo, Y. H., Tan, P., Vallania, S., Vernetto, C., Vigorito, B., Wang, H., Wang, C. Y., Wu, H. R., Wu, B., Xu, L., Xue, Y. X., Yan, Q. Y., Yang, X. C., Yang, A. F., Yuan, M., Zha, H. M., Zhang, Jilong, Zhang, Jianli, Zhang, L., Zhang, P., Zhang, X. Y., Zhang, Y., Zhang, X. X., Zhou, F. R., Zhu, Q. Q., Zhu, Zizzi, Giovanni, Bi, Xj, Bussino, Severino Angelo Maria, Melcarne, Akc, Chen, Sz, Cui, Sw, Dai, Bz, Staiti, Gd, Piazzoli, Bd, Ding, Xh, Feng, Cf, Feng, Zy, Gou, Qb, Guo, Yq, He, Hh, Hu, Hb, Jia, Hy, Li, Hj, Li, Jy, Li, Xx, Liu, Cq, Liu, My, Ma, Xh, Mari, Stefano Maria, Meng, Xr, Ning, Cc, Qu, Xb, Shen, Pr, Sheng, Xd, Tan, Yh, Wu, Cy, Wu, Hr, Yan, Yx, Yang, Qy, Yang, Xc, Yuan, Af, Zhang, Hm, Zhang, Jl, Zhang, Xy, Zhou, Xx, Zhu, Fr, Zhu, Qq, Zizzi, G., Bartoli, Bruno, Catalanotti, Sergio, B., D???Ettorre Piazzoli, DI GIROLAMO, Tristano, Iacovacci, Michele, and Collaborazione ARGO, Ybj
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Cosmic rays, Proton-air cross section, gamma astronomy, Proton, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Hadron, Cosmic ray, Cross Section, 01 natural sciences, Cosmic Ray, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear physics, 0103 physical sciences, Multiplicity (chemistry), 010306 general physics, Nuclear Experiment, Zenith, Argo, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Attenuation, Detector, Settore FIS/01 - Fisica Sperimentale, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, 3. Good health, Hadronic Interaction, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Extensive Air Showers
Abstract: The proton-air cross section in the energy range 1-100 TeV has been measured by the ARGO-YBJ cosmic ray experiment. The analysis is based on the flux attenuation for different atmospheric depths (i.e. zenith angles) and exploits the detector capabilities of selecting the shower development stage by means of hit multiplicity, density and lateral profile measurements at ground. The effects of shower fluctuations, the contribution of heavier primaries and the uncertainties of the hadronic interaction models, have been taken into account. The results have been used to estimate the total proton-proton cross section at center of mass energies between 70 and 500 GeV, where no accelerator data are currently available., Comment: 14 pages, 9 figures
Published: 2009

46. Software Timing Calibration of the ARGO-YBJ Detector

Author: A. Cappa, F. R. Zhu, L. Perrone, M. Panareo, P. Zhang, C. Y. Wu, P. Salvini, A. F. Yuan, L. Zhang, Q. Q. Zhu, X. R. Meng, Y.G. Wang, N. Cheng, P. Pistilli, C. Stanescu, Zhaoyang Feng, X. X. Zhou, S. Mastroianni, S. Catalanotti, H.T. Yang, Piero Vallania, C. Vigorito, L. Saggese, X. C. Yang, P. Galeotti, B. D'Ettorre Piazzoli, J. K. K. Liu, H. J. Li, H. R. Wu, A. Budano, Zhengguo Cao, H. Y. Jia, M. Iacovacci, M. Zha, R. Gargana, Labaciren, C. Bacci, C. Cattaneo, T. Di Girolamo, M. Dattoli, X. Y. Gao, L. Xue, P. Celio, G.C. Yu, Haoqi Lu, Zhaxisangzhu, I. James, Q. Huang, G. Di Sciascio, G. Cusumano, C. Pino, F. Shi, Danzengluobu, P. Creti, C.C. Ning, M. De Vincenzi, C. Liu, Sergio Cavaliere, Luciano Nicastro, A. K. Calabrese Melcarne, C. Ferrigno, A. Segreto, R. Cardarelli, Y. H. Zhang, G. Marsella, B. Liberti, G. Mancarella, B. Bartoli, P. Camarri, E. Rossi, X. Y. Zhang, H. W. Wang, S. W. Cui, Zhenyong Feng, Huihai He, S. Vernetto, F. Galeazzi, X. D. Sheng, Paolo Bernardini, Hongbo Hu, A. Surdo, C. F. Feng, R. Santonico, P. R. Shen, G. Aielli, Zhang Jingzhe, Bingwei Xu, Severino Angelo Maria Bussino, Q. B. Gou, J. Y. Li, I. De Mitri, L. Palummo, H. M. Zhang, Q. Y. Yang, G. D'Alí Staiti, G. Zizzi, S. M. Mari, J. Mu, X. J. Bi, S. Z. Chen, B. Z. Dai, F. Ruggieri, P. Branchini, X. B. Qu, X. H. Ding, Y. H. Tan, G. Liguori, Haibing Hu, C. Bleve, D. Martello, G., Aielli, C., Bacci, B., Bartoli, Bernardini, Paolo, X. J., Bi, C., Bleve, P., Branchini, A., Budano, S., Bussino, A. K., Calabrese Melcarne, P., Camarri, Z., Cao, A., Cappa, R., Cardarelli, S., Catalanotti, C., Cattaneo, S., Cavaliere, P., Celio, S. Z., Chen, N., Cheng, P., Creti, S. W., Cui, G., Cusumano, B. Z., Dai, G., D’Alí Staiti, Danzengluobu, M., Dattoli, DE MITRI, Ivan, B., D’Ettorre Piazzoli, M., De Vincenzi, T., Di Girolamo, X. H., Ding, G., Di Sciascio, C. F., Feng, Zhaoyang, Feng, Zhenyong, Feng, C., Ferrigno, F., Galeazzi, P., Galeotti, X. Y., Gao, R., Gargana, Q. B., Gou, H. H., He, Haibing, Hu, Hongbo, Hu, Q., Huang, M., Iacovacci, I., Jame, H. Y., Jia, Labaciren, H. J., Li, J. Y., Li, B., Liberti, G., Liguori, C. Q., Li, J., Li, H., Lu, Mancarella, Giovanni, S. M., Mari, Marsella, Giovanni, Martello, Daniele, S., Mastroianni, X. R., Meng, J., Mu, L., Nicastro, C. C., Ning, L., Palummo, Panareo, Marco, Perrone, Lorenzo, C., Pino, P., Pistilli, X. B., Qu, E., Rossi, F., Ruggieri, L., Saggese, P., Salvini, R., Santonico, A., Segreto, P. R., Shen, X. D., Sheng, F., Shi, C., Stanescu, A., Surdo, Y. H., Tan, P., Vallania, S., Vernetto, C., Vigorito, H., Wang, Y. G., Wang, C. Y., Wu, H. R., Wu, B., Xu, L., Xue, H. T., Yang, Q. Y., Yang, X. C., Yang, G. C., Yu, A. F., Yuan, M., Zha, H. M., Zhang, J. L., Zhang, L., Zhang, P., Zhang, X. Y., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Zhaxisangzhu, X. X., Zhou, F. R., Zhu, Q. Q., Zhu, G., Zizzi, AIELLI, G, BACCI, C, BARTOLI, B, BERNARDINI, P, BI, XJ, BLEVE, C, BRANCHINI, P, BUDANO, A, BUSSINO, S, CALABRESE MELCARNE, AK, CAMARRI, P, CAO, Z, CAPPA, A, CARDARELLI, R, CATALANOTTI, S, CATTANEO, C, CAVALIERE, S, CELIO, P, CHEN, SZ, CHENG, N, CRETI, P, CUI, SW, CUSUMANO, G, DAI, BZ, D'ALI'STAITI, G, DANZENGLUOBU, DATTOLI, M, DE MITRI, I, DETTORRE PIAZZOLI, B, DE VINCENZI, M, DI GIROLAMO, T, DING, XH, DI SCIASCIO, G, FENG, CF, FENG, ZHAOYANG, FENG, ZHENYONG, FERRIGNO, C, GALEAZZI, F, GALEOTTI, P, GAO, XY, GARGANA, R, GOU, QB, HE, HH, HU, HAIBING, HU, HONGBO, HUANG, Q, IACOVACCI, M, JAMES, I, JIA, HY, LABACIREN, LI, HJ, LI, JY, LIBERTI, B, LIGUORI, G, LIU, CQ, LIU, J, LU, H, MANCARELLA, G, MARI, SM, MARSELLA, G, MARTELLO, D, MASTROIANNI, S, MENG, XR, MU, J, NICASTRO, L, NING, CC, PALUMMO, L, PANAREO, M, PERRONE, L, PINO, C, PISTILLI, P, QU, XB, ROSSI, E, RUGGIERI, F, SAGGESE, L, SALVINI, P, SANTONICO, R, SEGRETO, A, SHEN, PR, SHENG, XD, SHI, F, STANESCU, C, SURDO, A, TAN, YH, VALLANIA, P, VERNETTO, S, VIGORITO, C, WANG, H, WANG, YG, WU, CY, WU, HR, XU, B, XUE, L, YANG, HT, YANG, QY, YANG, XC, YU, GC, YUAN, AF, ZHA, M, ZHANG, HM, ZHANG, JL, ZHANG, L, ZHANG, P, ZHANG, XY, ZHANG, Y, ZHAXISANGZHU, ZHOU, XX, ZHU, FR, ZHU, QQ, G ZIZZI, g, Aielli, G, Bacci, C, Bartoli, B, Bernardini, P, Bi, Xj, Bleve, C, Branchini, P, Budano, A, Bussino, Severino Angelo Maria, Melcarne, Akc, Camarri, P, Cao, Z, Cappa, A, Cardarelli, R, Catalanotti, S, Cattaneo, C, Cavaliere, S, Celio, P, Chen, Sz, Cheng, N, Creti, P, Cui, Sw, Cusumano, G, Dai, Bz, Staiti, Gd, Dattoli, M, De Mitri, I, Piazzoli, Bd, De Vincenzi, M, Di Girolamo, T, Ding, Xh, Di Sciascio, G, Feng, Cf, Feng, Zy, Ferrigno, C, Galeazzi, F, Galeotti, P, Gao, Xy, Gargana, R, Gou, Qb, He, Hh, Hu, Hb, Huang, Q, Iacovacci, M, James, I, Jia, Hy, Li, Hj, Li, Jy, Liberti, B, Liguori, G, Liu, Cq, Liu, J, Lu, H, Mancarella, G, Mari, Stefano Maria, Marsella, G, Martello, D, Mastroianni, S, Meng, Xr, Mu, J, Nicastro, L, Ning, Cc, Palummo, L, Panareo, M, Perrone, L, Pino, C, Pistilli, P, Qu, Xb, Rossi, E, Ruggieri, F, Saggese, L, Salvini, P, Santonico, R, Segreto, A, Shen, Pr, Sheng, Xd, Shi, F, Stanescu, C, Surdo, A, Tan, Yh, Vallania, P, Vernetto, S, Vigorito, C, Wang, H, Wang, Yg, Wu, Cy, Wu, Hr, Xu, B, Xue, L, Yang, Ht, Yang, Qy, Yang, Xc, Yu, Gc, Yuan, Af, Zha, M, Zhang, Hm, Zhang, Jl, Zhang, L, Zhang, P, Zhang, Xy, Zhang, Y, Zhou, Xx, Zhu, Fr, Zhu, Qq, Zizzi, G., Bartoli, Bruno, Catalanotti, Sergio, Cavaliere, Sergio, D'ETTORRE PIAZZOLI, Benedetto, DI GIROLAMO, Tristano, and Iacovacci, Michele
Subjects: Physics, Pixel, Calibration (statistics), business.industry, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Detector, Settore FIS/01 - Fisica Sperimentale, ComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISION, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astronomia gamma, Gamma Astronomy, Timing Calibration, Extensive Air Showers, Sciami estesi, Calibrazione temporale, Optics, Software, Raggi cosmici, Settore FIS/05 - Astronomia e Astrofisica, Angular resolution, business, Argo, Remote sensing
Abstract: The ARGO-YBJ experiment is mainly devoted to search for astronomical gamma sources. The arrival direction of air showers is reconstructed thanks to the times measured by the pixels of the detector. Therefore, the timing calibration of the detector pixels is crucial in order to get the best angular resolution and pointing accuracy. Because of the large number of pixels a hardware timing calibration is practically impossible. Therefore an off-line software calibration has been adopted. Here, the details of the procedure and the results are presented. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Published: 2009

47. Results and overview from the ARGO-YBJ experiment

Author: G. Aielli, C. Bacci, F. Barone, B. Bartoli, X. J. Bi, C. Bleve, P. Branchini, A. Budano, S. Bussino, A. K. Calabrese Melcarne, P. Camarri, Z. Cao, A. Cappa, R. Cardarelli, S. Catalanotti, C. Cattaneo, S. Cavaliere, P. Celio, S. Z. Chen, N. Cheng, P. Creti, S. W. Cui, B. Z. Dai, G. D’Alì Staiti, Danzengluobu, M. Dattoli, R. De Rosa, B. D’Ettorre Piazzoli, M. De Vincenzi, T. Di Girolamo, X. H. Ding, G. Di Sciascio, C. F. Feng, Zhaoyang Feng, Zhenyong Feng, F. Galeazzi, P. Galeotti, X. Y. Gao, R. Gargana, F. Garufi, Q. B. Gou, Y. Q. Guo, H. H. He, Haibing Hu, Hongbo Hu, Q. Huang, M. Iacovacci, R. Iuppa, I. James, H. Y. Jia, Labaciren, H. J. Li, J. Y. Li, B. Liberti, G. Liguori, C. Q. Liu, J. Liu, H. Lu, S. M. Mari, S. Mastroianni, X. R. Meng, J. Mu, C. C. Ning, L. Palummo, P. Pistilli, X. B. Qu, E. Rossi, F. Ruggieri, L. Saggese, P. Salvini, R. Santonico, A. Segreto, P. R. Shen, X. D. Sheng, F. Shi, C. Stanescu, A. Surdo, Y. H. Tan, P. Vallania, S. Vernetto, C. Vigorito, H. Wang, Y. G. Wang, C. Y. Wu, H. R. Wu, B. Xu, L. Xue, H. T. Yang, Q. Y. Yang, X. C. Yang, G. C. Yu, A. F. Yuan, M. Zha, H. M. Zhang, J. L. Zhang, L. Zhang, P. Zhang, X. Y. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Zhaxisangzhu, X. X. Zhou, F. R. Zhu, Q. Q. Zhu, G. Zizzi, BERNARDINI, Paolo, DE MITRI, Ivan, MANCARELLA, Giovanni, MARSELLA, GIOVANNI, MARTELLO, Daniele, PANAREO, Marco, PERRONE, Lorenzo, G., Aielli, C., Bacci, F., Barone, B., Bartoli, Bernardini, Paolo, X. J., Bi, C., Bleve, P., Branchini, A., Budano, S., Bussino, A. K., Calabrese Melcarne, P., Camarri, Z., Cao, A., Cappa, R., Cardarelli, S., Catalanotti, C., Cattaneo, S., Cavaliere, P., Celio, S. Z., Chen, N., Cheng, P., Creti, S. W., Cui, B. Z., Dai, G., D’Alì Staiti, Danzengluobu, M., Dattoli, DE MITRI, Ivan, R., De Rosa, B., D’Ettorre Piazzoli, M., De Vincenzi, T., Di Girolamo, X. H., Ding, G., Di Sciascio, C. F., Feng, Zhaoyang, Feng, Zhenyong, Feng, F., Galeazzi, P., Galeotti, X. Y., Gao, R., Gargana, F., Garufi, Q. B., Gou, Y. Q., Guo, H. H., He, Haibing, Hu, Hongbo, Hu, Q., Huang, M., Iacovacci, R., Iuppa, I., Jame, H. Y., Jia, Labaciren, H. J., Li, J. Y., Li, B., Liberti, G., Liguori, C. Q., Liu, J., Liu, H., Lu, Mancarella, Giovanni, S. M., Mari, Marsella, Giovanni, Martello, Daniele, S., Mastroianni, X. R., Meng, J., Mu, C. C., Ning, L., Palummo, Panareo, Marco, Perrone, Lorenzo, P., Pistilli, X. B., Qu, E., Rossi, F., Ruggieri, L., Saggese, P., Salvini, R., Santonico, A., Segreto, P. R., Shen, X. D., Sheng, F., Shi, C., Stanescu, A., Surdo, Y. H., Tan, P., Vallania, S., Vernetto, C., Vigorito, H., Wang, Y. G., Wang, C. Y., Wu, H. R., Wu, B., Xu, L., Xue, H. T., Yang, Q. Y., Yang, X. C., Yang, G. C., Yu, A. F., Yuan, M., Zha, H. M., Zhang, J. L., Zhang, L., Zhang, P., Zhang, X. Y., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Zhaxisangzhu, X. X., Zhou, F. R., Zhu, Q. Q., Zhu, G., Zizzi, Aielli, G, Bacci, C, Bartoli, B, Bernardini, P, Bi, Xj, Bleve, C, Branchini, P, Budano, A, Bussino, Severino Angelo Maria, Calabrese Melcarne, Ak, Camarri, P, Cao, Z, Cappa, A, Cardarelli, R, Catalanotti, S, Cattaneo, C, Celio, P, Chen, Sz, Chen, Tl, Chen, Y, Cheng, N, Creti, P, Cui, Sw, Dai, Bz, D'Ali Staiti, G, Dattoli, M, De Mitri, I, D'Ettorre Piazzoli, B, De Vincenzi, M, Di Girolamo, T, Ding, Xh, Di Sciascio, G, Feng, Cf, Feng Zhao, Yang, Feng Zhen, Yong, Galeazzi, F, Galeotti, P, Gargana, R, Gou, Qb, Guo, Yq, He, Hh, Hu, Haibing, Hu Hong, Bo, Huang, Q, Iacovacci, M, Iuppa, R, James, I, Jia, Hy, Li, Hj, Li, Jy, Li, Xx, Liberti, B, Liguori, G, Liu, C, Liu, Cq, Liu, My, Liu, J, Lu, H, Ma, Xh, Mancarella, G, Mari, Stefano Maria, Marsella, G, Martello, D, Mastroianni, S, Meng, Xr, Montini, P, Ning, Cc, Pagliaro, A, Panareo, M, Perrone, L, Pistilli, P, Qu, Xb, Rossi, E, Ruggieri, F, Saggese, L, Salvini, P, Santonico, R, Shen, Pr, Sheng, Xd, Shi, F, Stanescu, C, Surdo, A, Tan, Yh, Vallania, P, Vernetto, S, Vigorito, C, Wang, B, Wang, H, Wu, Cy, Wu, Hr, Xu, B, Xue, L, Yan, Yx, Yang, Qy, Yang, Xc, Yuan, Af, Zha, M, Zhang, Hm, Zhang Ji, Long, Zhang Jian, Li, Zhang, L, Zhang, P, Zhang, Xy, Zhang, Y, Zhou, Xx, Zhu, Fr, Zhu, Qq, Zizzi, G., Bartoli, Bruno, Catalanotti, Sergio, D'ETTORRE PIAZZOLI, Benedetto, DI GIROLAMO, Tristano, and Iacovacci, Michele
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Extensive air shower, Astronomy, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, Extensive Air Showers, Gamma Astronomy, Array Detector, Cosmic Ray, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Argo, Argo-Ybj
Abstract: Within a Collaboration Agreement between INFN and CAS (Chinese Academy of Science), the ARGO-YBJ experiment is completely installed and has been in stable data taking since November 2007 at the YangBaJing Cosmic Ray Laboratory (Tibet, P.R. China, 4300 m a.s.l.). In this paper we report a few selected results in γ -ray Astronomy and Cosmic Ray Physics.
Published: 2009

48. Gamma Ray Astronomy with the ARGO-YBJ

Author: THE ARGO YBJ C.O.L.L.A.B.O.R.A.T.I.O.N.G. Aielli a, b, C. Bacci c, d, B. Bartoli e, f, P. Bernardini g, h, X. J. Bi i, C. Bleve g, P. Branchini d, A. Budano d, S. Bussino c, A. K. Calabrese Melcarne x, P. Camarri a, Z. Cao i, A. Cappa j, k, R. Cardarelli b, S. Catalanotti f, e, C. Cattaneo l, P. Celio c, S. Z. Chen i, Y. Chen i, N. Cheng i, P. Creti h, S. W. Cuim, B. Z. Dai o, G. D’Alí Staiti n, p, Danzengluobu q, M. Dattoli j, k, r, I. De Mitri g, B. D’Ettorre Piazzoli f, M. De Vincenzi c, T. Di Girolamo f, X. H. Ding q, G. Di Sciascio b, C. F. Feng s, Zhaoyang Feng i, Zhenyong Feng t, F. Galeazzi d, P. Galeotti j, r, R. Gargana d, Q. B. Gou i, Y. Q. Guo i, H. H. He i, Haibing Huq, Hongbo Hui, Q. Huang t, M. Iacovacci f, R. Iuppa a, I. James c, H. Y. Jia t, Labaciren q, H. J. Li q, J. Y. Li s, X. X. Li i, B. Liberti b, G. Liguori l, u, C. Liu i, C. Q. Liu o, M. Y. Lium, J. Liu o, H. Lui, X. H. Mai, G. Mancarella g, c, d, G. Marsella h, v, D. Martello g, S. Mastroianni e, X. R. Meng q, P. Montini c, C. C. Ning q, A. Pagliaro n, w, M. Panareo h, L. Perrone h, P. Pistilli c, X. B. Qu s, E. Rossi e, F. Ruggieri d, L. Saggese f, P. Salvini l, R. Santonico a, P. R. Shen i, X. D. Sheng i, F. Shi i, C. Stanescu d, A. Surdo h, Y. H. Tan i, P. Vallania j, S. Vernetto j, C. Vigorito j, B. Wangi, H. Wang i, C. Y. Wui, H. R. Wui, B. Xut, L. Xues, Y. X. Yanm, Q. Y. Yang o, X. C. Yang o, A. F. Yuan q, M. Zha i, H. M. Zhang i, JiLong Zhang i, JianLi Zhang i, L. Zhang o, P. Zhang o, X. Y. Zhang s, Y. Zhang i, Zhaxisangzhu q, X. X. Zhou t, F. R. Zhu i, Q. Q. Zhu i, G. Zizzi g, MARI, Stefano Maria, Aielli a, THE ARGO YBJ C. O. L. L. A. B. O. R. A. T. I. O. N. G., B, C., Bacci c, D, B., Bartoli e, F, P., Bernardini g, H, X. J., Bi i, C., Bleve g, P., Branchini d, A., Budano d, S., Bussino c, A. K., Calabrese Melcarne x, P., Camarri a, Z., Cao i, A., Cappa j, K, R., Cardarelli b, S., Catalanotti f, E, C., Cattaneo l, P., Celio c, S. Z., Chen i, Y., Chen i, N., Cheng i, P., Creti h, S. W., Cuim, B. Z., Dai o, G., D’Alí Staiti n, P, Danzengluobu, Q, M., Dattoli j, K, R, I., De Mitri g, B., D’Ettorre Piazzoli f, M., De Vincenzi c, T., Di Girolamo f, X. H., Ding q, G., Di Sciascio b, C. F., Feng, Zhaoyang Feng, I, Zhenyong Feng, T, F., Galeazzi d, P., Galeotti j, R, R., Gargana d, Q. B., Gou i, Y. Q., Guo i, H. H., He i, Haibing, Huq, Hongbo, Hui, Q., Huang t, M., Iacovacci f, R., Iuppa a, I., James c, H. Y., Jia t, Labaciren, Q, H. J., Li q, J. Y., Li, X. X., Li i, B., Liberti b, G., Liguori l, U, C., Liu i, C. Q., Liu o, M. Y., Lium, J., Liu o, H., Lui, X. H., Mai, G., Mancarella g, Mari, Stefano Maria, C, D, G., Marsella h, V, D., Martello g, S., Mastroianni e, X. R., Meng q, P., Montini c, C. C., Ning q, A., Pagliaro n, W, M., Panareo h, L., Perrone h, P., Pistilli c, X. B., Qu, E., Rossi e, F., Ruggieri d, L., Saggese f, P., Salvini l, R., Santonico a, P. R., Shen i, X. D., Sheng i, F., Shi i, C., Stanescu d, A., Surdo h, Y. H., Tan i, P., Vallania j, S., Vernetto j, C., Vigorito j, B., Wangi, H., Wang i, C. Y., Wui, H. R., Wui, B., Xut, L., Xue, Y. X., Yanm, Q. Y., Yang o, X. C., Yang o, A. F., Yuan q, M., Zha i, H. M., Zhang i, JiLong Zhang, I, JianLi Zhang, I, L., Zhang o, P., Zhang o, X. Y., Zhang, Y., Zhang i, Zhaxisangzhu, Q, X. X., Zhou t, F. R., Zhu i, Q. Q., Zhu i, and G., Zizzi g
Subjects: Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract: ARGO-YBJ is the first EAS detector combining a very high mountain altitude (4300 m a.s.l.) to a "full coverage" detection surface. These features allow ARGO-YBJ to work with an energy threshold as low as a few hundreds GeV. The high duty cycle and the large field of view (~2 sr) make ARGO-YBJ suitable to monitor the gamma ray sky searching for unknown sources and unexpected events, like Active Galactic Nuclei flaring episodes or high energy Gamma Ray Bursts. In this paper we present the first observations of ARGO-YBJ concerning gamma ray astronomy, in particular the detection of the Crab Nebula and the blazar Markarian 421 during the 2006 and 2008 outbursts, and the results of a search for Gamma Ray Bursts emission in the GeV energy range using the scaler mode technique.
Published: 2009

49. ARGO-YBJ constraints on very high energy emission from GRBs

Author: G. Aielli, C. Bacci, B. Bartoli, X. J. Bi, P. Branchini, A. Budano, S. Bussino, A. K. Calabrese Melcarne, P. Camarri, Z. Cao, A. Cappa, R. Cardarelli, S. Catalanotti, C. Cattaneo, P. Celio, S. Z. Chen, Y. Chen, N. Cheng, P. Creti, S. W. Cui, B. Z. Dai, G. D'Ali' Staiti, Danzengluobu, M. Dattoli, B. D'Ettorre Piazzoli, M. De Vincenzi, T. Di Girolamo, X. H. Ding, G. Di Sciascio, C. F. Feng, Zhaoyang Feng, Zhenyong Feng, F. Galeazzi, P. Galeotti, X. Y. Gao, R. Gargana, Q. B. Gou, Y. Q. Guo, H. H. He, Haibing Hu, Hongbo Hu, Q. Huang, M. Iacovacci, R. Iuppa, I. James, H. Y. Jia, Labaciren, H. J. Li, J. Y. Li, X. X. Li, Y. R. Li, B. Liberti, G. Liguori, C. Liu, C. Q. Liu, M. Y. Liu, J. Liu, H. Lu, X. H. Ma, S. M. Mari, S. Mastroianni, X. R. Meng, J. Mu, C. C. Ning, L. Palummo, P. Pistilli, X. B. Qu, E. Rossi, F. Ruggieri, L. Saggese, P. Salvini, R. Santonico, A. Segreto, P. R. Shen, X. D. Sheng, F. Shi, C. Stanescu, A. Surdo, Y. H. Tan, P. Vallania, S. Vernetto, C. Vigorito, B. Wang, H. Wang, Y. G. Wang, C. Y. Wu, H. R. Wu, B. Xu, L. Xue, Y. X. Yan, H. T. Yang, Q. Y. Yang, X. C. Yang, G. C. Yu, A. F. Yuan, M. Zha, H. M. Zhang, J. L. Zhang, L. Zhang, P. Zhang, X. Y. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Zhaxisangzhu, X. X. Zhou, F. R. Zhu, Q. Q. Zhu, BERNARDINI, Paolo, BLEVE, Carla, DE MITRI, Ivan, MANCARELLA, Giovanni, MARSELLA, GIOVANNI, MARTELLO, Daniele, PANAREO, Marco, PERRONE, Lorenzo, ZIZZI, GIOVANNI, G., Aielli, C., Bacci, B., Bartoli, Bernardini, Paolo, X. J., Bi, Bleve, Carla, P., Branchini, A., Budano, S., Bussino, A. K., Calabrese Melcarne, P., Camarri, Z., Cao, A., Cappa, R., Cardarelli, S., Catalanotti, C., Cattaneo, P., Celio, S. Z., Chen, Y., Chen, N., Cheng, P., Creti, S. W., Cui, B. Z., Dai, G., D'Ali' Staiti, Danzengluobu, M., Dattoli, DE MITRI, Ivan, B., D'Ettorre Piazzoli, M., De Vincenzi, T., Di Girolamo, X. H., Ding, G., Di Sciascio, C. F., Feng, Zhaoyang, Feng, Zhenyong, Feng, F., Galeazzi, P., Galeotti, X. Y., Gao, R., Gargana, Q. B., Gou, Y. Q., Guo, H. H., He, Haibing, Hu, Hongbo, Hu, Q., Huang, M., Iacovacci, R., Iuppa, I., Jame, H. Y., Jia, Labaciren, H. J., Li, J. Y., Li, X. X., Li, Y. R., Li, B., Liberti, G., Liguori, C., Liu, C. Q., Liu, M. Y., Liu, J., Liu, H., Lu, X. H., Ma, Mancarella, Giovanni, S. M., Mari, Marsella, Giovanni, Martello, Daniele, S., Mastroianni, X. R., Meng, J., Mu, C. C., Ning, L., Palummo, Panareo, Marco, Perrone, Lorenzo, P., Pistilli, X. B., Qu, E., Rossi, F., Ruggieri, L., Saggese, P., Salvini, R., Santonico, A., Segreto, P. R., Shen, X. D., Sheng, F., Shi, C., Stanescu, A., Surdo, Y. H., Tan, P., Vallania, S., Vernetto, C., Vigorito, B., Wang, H., Wang, Y. G., Wang, C. Y., Wu, H. R., Wu, B., Xu, L., Xue, Y. X., Yan, H. T., Yang, Q. Y., Yang, X. C., Yang, G. C., Yu, A. F., Yuan, M., Zha, H. M., Zhang, J. L., Zhang, L., Zhang, P., Zhang, X. Y., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Zhaxisangzhu, X. X., Zhou, F. R., Zhu, Q. Q., Zhu, and Zizzi, Giovanni
Subjects: Gamma ray burst, Extensive air shower, Cosmic rays, Gamma-ray
Abstract: The ARGO-YBJ experiment is designed for very high energy gamma-astronomy and cosmic ray researches. Due to the full coverage of a large area (5600 m^2) with resistive plate chambers at a very high altitude (4300 m a.s.l.), the ARGO-YBJ detector is used to search for transient phenomena, such as gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). Because the ARGO-YBJ detector has a large field of view ( about 2 sr) and is operated with a high duty cycle (>90%), it is one of the best ground-based GRB surveying apparatuses. Working at a relatively high energy threshold around a few hundreds of GeV, the ARGO-YBJ detector is operated in searches for high energy GRBs following alarms set by satellite-borne observations at lower energies. In this paper, the sensitivity of the ARGO-YBJ detector for GRB detection is estimated. Upper limits to fluence with 99% confidence level for 30 GRBs inside the field of view from June 2006 to January 2009 are set in the two energy ranges 10 GeV - 100 GeV and 10 GeV-1 TeV.
Published: 2009

50. Simulation study of air shower particles near the core region

Author: G. Aielli, C. Bacci, F. Barone, B. Bartoli, X. J. Bi, C. Bleve, P. Branchini, A. Budano, S. Bussino, A. K. Calabrese Melcarne, P. Camarri, Z. Cao, A. Cappa, R. Cardarelli, S. Catalanotti, C. Cattaneo, S. Cavaliere, P. Celio, S. Z. Chen, N. Cheng, P. Creti, S. W. Cui, G. Cusumano, B. Z. Dai, G. D’Alí Staiti, Danzengluobu, M. Dattoli, R. De Rosa, B. D’Ettorre Piazzoli, M. De Vincenzi, T. Di Girolamo, X. H. Ding, G. Di Sciascio, C. F. Feng, Zhaoyang Feng, Zhenyong Feng, C. Ferrigno, F. Galeazzi, P. Galeotti, X. Y. Gao, R. Gargana, F. Garufi, Q. B. Gou, H. H. He, Haibing Hu, Hongbo Hu, Q. Huang, M. Iacovacci, I. James, H. Y. Jia, Labaciren, H. J. Li, J. Y. Li, B. Liberti, G. Liguori, C. Q. Liu, J. Liu, H. Lu, S. M. Mari, S. Mastroianni, X. R. Meng, J. Mu, L. Nicastro, C. C. Ning, L. Palummo, P. Pistilli, X. B. Qu, E. Rossi, F. Ruggieri, L. Saggese, P. Salvini, R. Santonico, A. Segreto, P. R. Shen, X. D. Sheng, F. Shi, C. Stanescu, A. Surdo, Y. H. Tan, P. Vallania, S. Vernetto, C. Vigorito, H. Wang, Y. G. Wang, C. Y. Wu, H. R. Wu, B. Xu, L. Xue, H. T. Yang, Q. Y. Yang, X. C. Yang, G. C. Yu, A. F. Yuan, M. Zha, H. M. Zhang, J. L. Zhang, L. Zhang, P. Zhang, X. Y. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Zhaxisangzhu, X. X. Zhou, F. R. Zhu, Q. Q. Zhu, G. Zizzi, BERNARDINI, Paolo, DE MITRI, Ivan, MANCARELLA, Giovanni, MARSELLA, GIOVANNI, MARTELLO, Daniele, PANAREO, Marco, PERRONE, Lorenzo, G., Aielli, C., Bacci, F., Barone, B., Bartoli, Bernardini, Paolo, X. J., Bi, C., Bleve, P., Branchini, A., Budano, S., Bussino, A. K., Calabrese Melcarne, P., Camarri, Z., Cao, A., Cappa, R., Cardarelli, S., Catalanotti, C., Cattaneo, S., Cavaliere, P., Celio, S. Z., Chen, N., Cheng, P., Creti, S. W., Cui, G., Cusumano, B. Z., Dai, G., D’Alí Staiti, Danzengluobu, M., Dattoli, DE MITRI, Ivan, R., De Rosa, B., D’Ettorre Piazzoli, M., De Vincenzi, T., Di Girolamo, X. H., Ding, G., Di Sciascio, C. F., Feng, Zhaoyang, Feng, Zhenyong, Feng, C., Ferrigno, F., Galeazzi, P., Galeotti, X. Y., Gao, R., Gargana, F., Garufi, Q. B., Gou, H. H., He, Haibing, Hu, Hongbo, Hu, Q., Huang, M., Iacovacci, I., Jame, H. Y., Jia, Labaciren, H. J., Li, J. Y., Li, B., Liberti, G., Liguori, C. Q., Liu, J., Liu, H., Lu, Mancarella, Giovanni, S. M., Mari, Marsella, Giovanni, Martello, Daniele, S., Mastroianni, X. R., Meng, J., Mu, L., Nicastro, C. C., Ning, L., Palummo, Panareo, Marco, Perrone, Lorenzo, P., Pistilli, X. B., Qu, E., Rossi, F., Ruggieri, L., Saggese, P., Salvini, R., Santonico, A., Segreto, P. R., Shen, X. D., Sheng, F., Shi, C., Stanescu, A., Surdo, Y. H., Tan, P., Vallania, S., Vernetto, C., Vigorito, H., Wang, Y. G., Wang, C. Y., Wu, H. R., Wu, B., Xu, L., Xue, H. T., Yang, Q. Y., Yang, X. C., Yang, G. C., Yu, A. F., Yuan, M., Zha, H. M., Zhang, J. L., Zhang, L., Zhang, P., Zhang, X. Y., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Zhaxisangzhu, X. X., Zhou, F. R., Zhu, Q. Q., Zhu, G., Zizzi, Aielli, G, Bacci, C, Bartoli, B, Bernardini, P, Bi, Xj, Bleve, C, Branchini, P, Budano, A, Bussino, Severino Angelo Maria, Calabrese Melcarne, Ak, Camarri, P, Cao, Z, Cappa, A, Cardarelli, R, Catalanotti, S, Cattaneo, C, Celio, P, Chen, Sz, Chen, Tl, Chen, Y, Cheng, N, Creti, P, Cui, Sw, Dai, Bz, D'Ali Staiti, G, Dattoli, M, De Mitri, I, D'Ettorre Piazzoli, B, De Vincenzi, M, Di Girolamo, T, Ding, Xh, Di Sciascio, G, Feng, Cf, Feng Zhao, Yang, Feng Zhen, Yong, Galeazzi, F, Galeotti, P, Gargana, R, Gou, Qb, Guo, Yq, He, Hh, Hu, Haibing, Hu Hong, Bo, Huang, Q, Iacovacci, M, Iuppa, R, James, I, Jia, Hy, Li, Hj, Li, Jy, Li, Xx, Liberti, B, Liguori, G, Liu, C, Liu, Cq, Liu, My, Liu, J, Lu, H, Ma, Xh, Mancarella, G, Mari, Stefano Maria, Marsella, G, Martello, D, Mastroianni, S, Meng, Xr, Montini, P, Ning, Cc, Pagliaro, A, Panareo, M, Perrone, L, Pistilli, P, Qu, Xb, Rossi, E, Ruggieri, F, Saggese, L, Salvini, P, Santonico, R, Shen, Pr, Sheng, Xd, Shi, F, Stanescu, C, Surdo, A, Tan, Yh, Vallania, P, Vernetto, S, Vigorito, C, Wang, B, Wang, H, Wu, Cy, Wu, Hr, Xu, B, Xue, L, Yan, Yx, Yang, Qy, Yang, Xc, Yuan, Af, Zha, M, Zhang, Hm, Zhang Ji, Long, Zhang Jian, Li, Zhang, L, Zhang, P, Zhang, Xy, Zhang, Y, Zhou, Xx, Zhu, Fr, Zhu, Qq, and Zizzi, G.
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Shower array detector, Particle number, shower core, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Monte Carlo method, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Cosmic ray, Signal, extensive air shower, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Computational physics, Argo-Ybj, Core (optical fiber), Nuclear physics, detector array, Analog signal, Air shower, Energy (signal processing)
Abstract: The ARGO-YBJ experiment has two kinds of signals in the shower working mode which allows coverage of the energy region from TeV to PeV region. One is the digital strip pattern, another is so-called ‘big pad’ mode, which is the analog signal counting the pulse height on half of an RPC, proportional to the number of hitting particles. In this paper by using the Monte Carlo simulation method the ARGO-YBJ sensitivity to the cosmic ray composition is discussed, by using the ‘big pad’ signal for measuring the number of particles detected close to the shower core.
Published: 2008

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