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Synopsis: B‐Lynch 1 uterine compression suture is useful for bleeding from the uterine body and "B‐Lynch 2" (transverse B‐Lynch) for bleeding from the lower uterine segment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The aim was to assess the hemostatic impact of B-Lynch sutures following an open myomectomy for efficacy. Material and methods: In this prospective clinical research, performed in Alazhar university hospitals (Al-Hussain, Damietta, Assiut) and Minia University Maternity Hospital, 250 women scheduled for open myomectomy between January 2021 and January 2023 had multiple fibroid uteri with uterine sizes corresponding to 12-22 weeks. There were two groups of women. Group I (125) underwent standard open myomectomy surgery, whereas Group II (125) underwent normal open laparotomy surgery followed by B-Lynch sutures. Certain inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied to every patient. We recorded vital data, length of the procedure, complications (bleeding during the procedure, bleeding from multiple bites, bladder injury, fever, wound infection), complete blood count before and after surgery, need for blood transfusion, postoperative vital data, time until ambulation, passing flatus, and ability to eat and drink, as well as the amount of blood lost during and after the procedure. Results: There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in age, parity, weight, number of fibroids, or uterine size as measured by ultrasonography. Between groups I and II, there was a significant difference in the average intraoperative blood loss (Group I lost 562.6 ml, whereas Group II lost 411.3 ml) as well as the mean blood loss following surgery (205 ±82 ml in Group I and 117 ±41 ml in Group II). No significant difference was observed in the mean length of hospital stay between groups I and II (2 ±0.3 days and 2 ±0.6 days, respectively). Conclusions: Using a B-Lynch suture can help minimize blood loss during and after an open myomectomy. Therefore, if the uterus is large and has a lot of fibroids, it is recommended to be done frequently. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To compare H‐Hayman, a modified uterine compression suturing technique (UCS) that we describe for the first time in the literature, with conventional vertical UCS techniques. Methods: The H‐Hayman technique was used in 14 women and the conventional UCS technique in 21 women. In order to provide standardization in the study, only patients who had developed upper‐segment atony during cesarean section were recruited for the study. Results: Bleeding control was achieved in 85.7% (12/14) of the cases using the H‐Hayman technique. In the remaining two patients with persistent hemorrhage in this group, bleeding control was provided with bilateral uterine artery ligation, and a hysterectomy was avoided in all cases. With the conventional technique, bleeding control was achieved in 76.1% (16/21) of the patients, and the overall success rate was 95.2% after bilateral uterine artery ligation in those with persistent hemorrhage. In addition, the estimated blood loss and the need for erythrocyte suspension transfusion were significantly lower in the H‐Hayman group (P = 0.01 and P = 0.04, respectively). Conclusion: We found the H‐Hayman technique to be at least as successful as conventional UCS. In addition, patients who underwent suturing with the H‐Hayman technique had less blood loss and a lower requirement for erythrocyte suspension transfusion. Synopsis: The H‐Hayman technique is at least as successful as conventional uterine compression suture techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To emphasize the importance of antenatal diagnosis of the morbidly adherent placenta, employ management options accordingly and their impact on the patient’s outcome. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Combined Military Hospital, Okara Pakistan, Jan 2018 to Aug 2020. Methodology: One hundred and twenty-four patients were enrolled in the study. Diagnosed morbidly adherent placenta was made through trans-abdominal ultrasound, and a Doppler study in selected cases of posterior placenta previa magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed. The surgical approach was either a high transverse placenta sparing or a classical incision on the uterus. After delivery of baby, conservative management included resection of part of uterus with adherent placenta followed by reconstruction of the lower uterine segment, segmental resection of myometrial tissue and hemostatic sutures, and over sewing of placental bed. The requirement of blood transfusion, intensive care unit stay, post-operative recovery, and day of discharge, along with all demographic and surgical details, was noted. Results: In 87(70%) patients, high transverse or placental sparing incision was made to assess the baby. Over sewing of the placental bed was done in 37(29.8%) patients, and myometrial segment resection was done in 57(46%) patients. An obstetrical hysterectomy was carried out in 30 patients. Blood transfusion of > 4 units RCCs was required in 92(74%) patients. 16% the patients required intensive care management. Conclusion: Antenatal diagnosis of morbidly adherent placenta through useful imaging modality allowed for a planned surgical approach and minimized......

An alternate pull‐on‐compress and pull‐on‐release suture tightening technique can be considered when a surgeon encounters difficulty when performing B‐Lynch compression suture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To illustrate the obstetrical outcome after B-Lynch sutures and ligation of the uterine arteries. Case: A 26-year-old nulliparous woman. A caesarean section performed for obstructed labour was complicated by uterine atony. A B-Lynch uterine compression suture technique was used combined with ligation of the ascending branches of the uterine arteries. Before the subsequent fertility treatment, gel instillation sonography and power Doppler imaging showed a normal uterine cavity and restored myometrial vascularization. Subsequent caesarean section showed external adhesions on the anterior uterine serosa. A healthy baby of normal weight was delivered. There was focal placenta accreta; the underlying myometrium was strikingly thinner and prone to inversion. Discussion: After B-Lynch sutures and ligation of the ascending branches of the uterine arteries, the pregnancy was subsequently uncomplicated. The potential association between B-Lynch sutures and placenta accreta or uterine inversion in a subsequent pregnancy has to be assessed in further studies. This case report illustrates how 3D gel instillation sonography is a valuable tool to evaluate the integrity of the uterine cavity.

Abstract Background We developed a dedicated blunt straight needle with No. 2 polydioxanone sutures (2-Monodiox®) for uterine compression sutures (UCSs) and aimed to assess the outcomes and complication rates of UCSs for postpartum hemorrhage by comparing with commercially available needle and suture types. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed between January 2010 and February 2018. During the study period, two types of commercially available sutures and 2-Monodiox® were used. PubMed, MEDLINE, and Scopus databases were searched for English articles published between January 1997 and May 2017 using search terms related to the suture and needle types for UCSs to discuss the dedicated needles and sutures for UCS. Results The analysis included 47 cases of UCSs for the uterine body with three suture types (No. 0 polydioxanone, 7 cases; No. 1 poliglecaprone 25, 21 cases; and No. 2 polydioxanone, 19 cases). B-Lynch suture using No. 0 sutures was associated with a significantly lower uterine preservation rate than those with Nos. 1 and 2 sutures (42.9% vs. 95.2 and 89.5%, respectively; p

Srisuda Songthamwat, Metha Songthamwat Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Udonthani Hospital, Udonthani, Thailand Objective: The aim of this study was to report our clinical experience of applying a uterine flexion suture, which was modified from the B-Lynch uterine compression suture, for treating uterine atony during cesarean section. Materials and methods: This is a retrospective descriptive study describing the use of a new technique, uterine flexion suture, for treating uterine atony during cesarean section. The study period was from January 2009 to December 2017 at Udonthani Hospital, Udonthani, Thailand. Uterine atony during cesarean section was treated by manual compression, intravenous oxytocin, methylergonovine maleate, and prostaglandins and then was observed for 10–15 minutes before applying a uterine flexion suture in the failed medical treatment cases. The patients were observed for vaginal bleeding, hematometra, and infection after operation. Uterine ultrasound scan results on days 1, 7, and 30 postoperation were also reviewed. Results: Fifty-seven patients with uterine atony during cesarean delivery received the uterine flexion suture. The mean age of patients was 27.0 (15–44 years). Thirty-four patients were primipara. The indications for cesarean section were cephalopelvic disproportion in 27 (47.4%) cases, and previous cesarean section in 11 (19.3%) cases. Neither postoperative excessive bleeding nor hysterectomy was observed. There was no hematometra or serious postoperative complication after surgery. The estimated time for uterine flexion suture is only 2–3 minutes and was very easy to perform. Conclusion: Uterine flexion suture technique, which was modified from the B-Lynch suture, was inexpensive, quick, and effective in the treatment of atonic postpartum uterus in women undergoing cesarean section. Keywords: B-Lynch, uterine atony, cesarean section, uterine compression suture, uterine flexion suture

Background: Surgical methods of reduction of bleeding from uterus by inserting compression sutures have been developed to reduce the need for emergency hysterectomy in patients with atonic primary postpartum haemmorhage. Objectives: To determine the efficacy of B-Lynch brace suture in the management of atonic primary postpartum haemmorhage during cesarean section. Study Design: A prospective observational study. Setting: Gynaecology Department, Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar. Period: 1st January 2016 to 31st December 2016. Methodology: 14 patients who underwent B-lynch suturing for atonic PPH during cesarean section, nonresponsive to medical line of management. Patient's age, parity, booking status, birth weight of newborn, blood transfusion and effectiveness of procedure was noted. The patients were followed up for 6months for any postprocedural morbidity. Results: In all 14 patients with atonic primary postpartum haemmorhage with failed medical treatment, B-lynch suture was applied. 10(71.42%) belonged to 21-30 years age group. 8(57%) were multiparous and 10(71.42%) were non booked. Birth weight of 9(52.94%) cases was 2-3kg.4-5 units of blood was transfused in 6(42.8%) cases. Most common indication for cesarean section was prolonged labor in 4(28.57%), followed by placental abruption and multiple pregnancy in 3(21.42%) each. Success rate of this procedure was 92.85%. It failed in one patient who ended up in hysterectomy. Patients were followed for 6 months and no postprocedural morbidity was seen. Conclusion: This is a beneficial procedure for surgical treatment of atonic uterus especially in young patients where fertility issues are of concern, and has added advantage of less time of application, less bleeding and lesser skill requirement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we aimed to discuss the reliability of B-Lynch suture, especially in patients with Couveliare uterus, and to present a patient who underwent bilateral uterine artery ligation in addition to B-Lynch compression suture for uterine atony resulting from abruptio placentae and developed retroperitoneal hematoma due to uterine laceration in the postpartum period.

Objective: Our objective was to evaluate the impact of uterine tamponade with a Bakri balloon on the rate of postpartum hysterectomy due to uterine atony.Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study of all deliveries >20 weeks gestation from January 2002 to March 2013 at Baystate Medical Center. Charts were reviewed to determine incidence of postpartum hysterectomy, Bakri balloon placement, uterine artery embolization (UAE) and the B-Lynch procedure. Patients with evidence of placenta accreta were excluded. The primary outcome was the change in rates of postpartum hysterectomy for uterine atony before and after the introduction of Bakri balloon tamponade, using chi-square testing.Results: There were 48 767 deliveries during the study period, with 17 950 before and 30 817 after the introduction of the Bakri balloon. A total of 43 Bakri balloons were placed during the study period and 21 hysterectomies were performed for postpartum hemorrhage secondary to uterine atony, 14 before and 7 after the introduction of the Bakri balloon. This was consistent with a decrease in the rate of postpartum hysterectomy from 7.8/10 000 deliveries to 2.3/10 000 deliveries (p = 0.01).Conclusion: Our findings show that utilization of the Bakri balloon is associated with a decreased rate of postpartum hysterectomy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: To assess the effectiveness of the new modified technique in order to control bleeding in women presenting with atonic, flabby uterus compared to the most commonly described technique of classic B-Lynch suture.Method: This study included 160 women of uncontrolled atonic postpartum hemorrhage delivered by cesarean section at Ain Shams University Maternity Hospital between January 2013 and October 2015. Participants were randomly assigned following simple randomization procedures (computerized random numbers) and divided into two groups. Group, I (80 patients) operated upon by the modified (new technique) stitch while group II (80 patients) operated upon by the classic technique. The ultimate goals were to stop blood loss after placement of the sutures and avoid life-saving hysterectomy thus preserving the life and fertility of the patient.Results: The modified new technique was done in 80 patients with atonic postpartum hemorrhage and it was found to be superior to the classic technique with a success rate 95 % (4 cases needed hysterectomy as a lifesaving measure) compared to 85 % with the classic technique (in 12 cases, a life-saving hysterectomy was done).Conclusions: This technique can replace the classic B-lynch in flabby unresponsive atonic uteri as it has 8 shaped placement of the stitch which causes more firm compression on the uterus and simultaneous bilateral uterine artery ligation. This technique was proved valuable and successful in many patients who suffer from uncontrolled massive postpartum hemorrhage (PPH). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 1997, B-Lynch and colleagues introduced the B-Lynch uterine compression suture for postpartum haemorrhage. Since then, various uterine compression sutures have been used and postpartum hysterectomy has been avoided in many women. However, some complications have emerged in years. In this article we discuss two types of uterine compression sutures in which stitches can be removed. The procedures have been successfully applied with no problems and no observed complications to date. This is a novel concept, with the potential to reduce morbidity related to compression sutures, but needs further evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction The Postpartum bleeding is the first cause of maternal mortality in Morocco. It is an obstetrical emergency that requires a fast multimodal management including medical care, interventional procedure and in few cases a salvatory surgery. Clinical case We report a rare case of uterine necrosis following postpartum hemorrhage, refractory to medical therapy, and which was controlled by a combination of uterine hemostatic techniques and vascular ligation three days after surgery, the patient developed a fever (39 °C). At day 3 of postoperative period, the patient developed a fever (39 °C) associated with diffuse abdominal pain, diarrhea and non-fetid lochia. At day 5, she presented a state of sepsis. Abdominal and pelvic CT objectified gas bubbles in the uterine myometrium suggestive of necrosis. An exploratory laparotomy was performed. After adhesiolysis, exploration found a complete necrosis of the uterus Discussion There are many surgical techniques for the management of postpartum bleeding, and hysterectomy remains the reference solution in this context. However, new conservative surgical techniques that are easier to perform and are less aggressive have emerged and are becoming more commonly used. Conclusion We emphasize on the importance of choosing surgical techniques that lead to the preservation of uterine vascularization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate the reproductive prognosis after having a B-Lynch suture placed previously. Design: Follow-up study based on patients' records. Setting: University hospital setting (level three; 4,800 deliveries per year). Patient(s): All patients registered to have had a B-Lynch suture placed from 2002 to 2012. Intervention(s): None. Main Outcome Measure(s): Future pregnancies. Result(s): Forty-four B-Lynch procedures were identified in 43 women. Twenty-six were primiparas at the time of B-Lynch suture. Follow-up took place a median 45 months (range, 17–126 months) after B-Lynch suture placement; one woman was lost to follow-up. Overall, 16 of 42 women obtained a new pregnancy. Among primiparas, 44% either had an ongoing pregnancy or a delivery. Among women not having a succeeding pregnancy, one woman had a peripartum hysterectomy, one was advised against pregnancy, one developed Asherman's syndrome, and three women were known to attempt to obtain pregnancy. In deliveries after a previous B-Lynch suture, 3 of 13 women had estimated bleeding above 1,000 mL, and 2 of these had severe bleeding. A time trend was observed indicating that B-Lynch sutures are placed increasingly often. Conclusion(s): The reproductive prognosis after a B-Lynch suture has been placed seems to be relatively good. Nonetheless, complications that might influence future pregnancy may occur, and advice given should address this. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 1997, B-Lynch pioneered the use of uterine compression sutures for postpartum hemorrhage. Since then, some researchers, including ourselves, have devised various uterine compression sutures. High-level evidence has not been demonstrated as to whether compression sutures achieve better and safer hemostasis for postpartum hemorrhage than other methods, and, if they do, whether one suture is more efficient and safer than another. However, generally speaking, uterine compression sutures have achieved hemostasis while preserving fertility in many women and thus their efficacy and safety have been time-tested. Each suture has both merits and drawbacks: obstetricians must be aware of the fundamental characteristics of various sutures. In this review, we summarize the technical procedures, efficacy, safety and complications of various uterine compression sutures. We add our own experiences and opinions where necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The B-Lynch brace suture technique is a life-saving procedure. It is a simple and safe alternative to hysterectomy. Thus, it preserves fertility with less surgical morbidity. In this case series, we evaluated the use of a novel modification of the B-Lynch brace suture to minimise its potential reported complications. Five women with intractable primary atonic postpartum haemorrhage were reported. They were initially managed with bilateral uterine artery ligation. The procedure was resorted to women who did not respond to ligation. The procedure is efficient. Women were followed up for up to 24 months to report any complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The purpose of this study is to describe treatment alternatives to prevent postpartum hysterectomy after failure of conventional therapies. Prevention of hysterectomy was the main outcome studied. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective study of 19 patients diagnosed to have intractable postpartum hemorrhage and not managed with medical treatment who were subsequently treated with operative interventions in our unit between January 2004 and January 2009. The cases were identified by review of medical records. Results: In the period under review, a total of 17,341 deliveries were conducted, out of which 19 women were managed for intractable PPH. The incidence of severe PPH unresponsive to standard medical treatment was 0.1%. The mean maternal age was 33.5±3.4 years (range 27-39 years). The mean gestational age was 38.3±1.3 weeks (range 37-41 weeks). Organ preserving surgery methods were utilized in all the patients with a success rate 78.9%. The mean duration of surgery was 95 minutes (range 50-130 minutes) and the mean hospital stay was for 5 days. The mean transfused blood volume was 2.4 units as packed red cells. Among these 19 cases, 4 cases were resorted to hysterectomy. Conclusions: In the presence of uncontrolled hemorrhage, this simple procedure should be tried before other complex treatment alternatives are undertaken. Our case series suggests that the combination of uterine artery ligation with B-Lynch sutures might be the best surgical approach because it preserves future fertility better than other methods and avoids high operative risks and morbidity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We performed a systematic review of the current literature on efficacy, complications and impact on future pregnancies of uterine compression sutures (UCS) applied in cases of severe postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) in women who wish to preserve fertility. Publications related to UCS from their initial description 03/1996–07/2009, were identified using PubMed and EMBASE. Numerous case series have demonstrated the high efficiency of UCS against PPH. When performed correctly, they are associated with a low complications rate. A higher risk of uterine ischaemia seems to be caused when combined with vessel ligation. No negative impact on fertility has been reported. Uncomplicated future pregnancies occur within a range of 1–3 years. UCS appear safe, simple to learn and preserve future reproductive potential. They should be considered prior to definite measures like hysterectomy in severe PPH. Long-term follow-up is recommended when additional combined vessel ligation is performed due to the potential risk of ischaemic necrosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we aimed to discuss the reliability of B-Lynch suture, especially in patients with Couveliare uterus, and to present a patient who underwent bilateral uterine artery ligation in addition to B-Lynch compression suture for uterine atony resulting from abruptio placentae and developed retroperitoneal hematoma due to uterine laceration in the postpartum period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Haemostatic brace suturing techniques have been used recently for the treatment of massive post-partum haemorrhage due to uterine atony. Placement of these sutures can be considered before embarking on more technically complicated measures such as internal iliac artery ligation or hysterectomy. This article describes different uterine brace compression sutures, their advantages and complications and their place among other treatment modalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) remains among the 5 main causes of maternal death in developing and developed countries, and uterine atony is the most common cause (75-90%) of primary PPH. Uterine compression sutures running through the full thickness of both uterine walls (posterior as well as anterior) have recently been described for surgical management of atonic PPH. Christopher B-Lynch was the first to highlight this revolutionary principle, and other uterine compression suture techniques have since been described by Hayman and Cho.Objectives: Step-by-step description of the B-Lynch brace suture and discussion of the current compression suture techniques.Conclusions: The different uterine suture techniques have proved to be valuable and safe alternatives to hysterectomy in the control of massive PPH, and the present review can make the surgeon better aware of their effective use and the risks they may entail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Postpartum haemorrhage may be a life threatening complication. Seven cases are described in which the B-Lynch surgical technique (a brace like suture over the uterus) was successful in obtaining haemostasis. In four cases, the B-Lynch technique was the first line of treatment. In three cases, the B-Lynch was used after, or in combination with artery or other vessel ligation. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Uterine compression suture is a safe and effective technique for hemostasis in postpartum hemorrhage. This technique was useful for the prophylaxis of acute recurrence of uterine inversion, which was repositioned under laparotomy. We add a new compression suture to the list of those introduced by earlier researchers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate intrauterine balloon tamponade with or without B-Lynch sutures in avoiding postpartum hysterectomy in cases with severe postpartum hemorrhage. Study Design: Retrospective analysis using all women delivering between January 2005 and July 2010 in our center. Prevention of hysterectomy was the main outcome studied. Results: Twenty-four cases of severe postpartum hemorrhage occurred in which medical treatment alone failed. In 20 cases, the Bakri balloon was the first choice to stop hemorrhage. Sixty percent (n = 12) of these were successfully treated with the balloon alone, 30% (n = 6) with the balloon and the B-Lynch suture. Therefore, 90% (n = 18) were successfully treated with the balloon as part of the treatment. The balloon tamponade was not successful in 2 cases. Four cases were treated with emergency hysterectomy a priori. Conclusion: The Bakri balloon with or without B-Lynch sutures in a stepwise approach is an effective option for the treatment of severe PPH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the treatment of postpartum haemorrhage from uterine atony, uterine compression sutures, such as the B-Lynch suture and its modifications have a role with the advantage of preservation of the uterus for fertility. There is however, a risk that apposition of the anterior and posterior walls of the uterus will impede drainage of lochia, resulting in undesirable complications. We undertook a five-year retrospective study of all women who underwent uterine compression sutures at the KK Women's and Children's Hospital, between 2008 and 2012. In total, 23 women had uterine compression sutures during the study period, of which, nineteen women managed to conserve their uterus. Our complication rate was 25%, which included persistent vaginal discharge, pyometra and endometritis. There were three conceptions, with two successful pregnancies. Our study shows uterine compression suture to be a safe and effective alternative to avoid hysterectomy with preservation of fertility at the time of major postpartum haemorrhage. The outcome of subsequent pregnancies is reassuring.