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In the preliminary stage, ship design analyzes and evaluates the close correlation and interaction fit between the hull, main engine, and propulsion. Therefore, the process of calculation and selection of the appropriate propulsion device plays the role of ensuring the necessary propulsion to achieve the design speed according to the mission and ensuring the appropriate torque of the main engine to achieve optimal performance. According to the traditional approach, the propeller design method is based on series B - Wageningen's experimental graph to determine the suitable diameter and geometric parameters. This paper presents the method of integrating the neural network algorithm in the preliminary design stage to support selecting the appropriate blade area ratio from input parameters, including the ship length, displacement, design speed, and the number of propeller blades. The neural network principle is to synthesize the reference result from the propeller database's individuals to give the appropriate blade area ratio with the closest probability in the database, taking into account cavitation. In this study, the B-Wagenningen series propeller design database is verified and applied well in practice. On that basis, the propeller geometry parameters are proposed from the neural network algorithm, and the thrust and torque coefficients are calculated and verified based on computational analysis from commercial software.

There have been very few studies of the Daoist conception of time in either the West or the East. The only explicit study on this topic in the English literature is David Chai’s (Chai 2014). Chai maintains that “human measured time” manifested in the myriad things in the Daoist universe is merely a mental construction, whereas the authentic time is cosmological time, which consists of neither an A-series (which is ordered by nonreducible pastness, presentness, and futurity) nor a B-series (which is ordered by earlier-than relations) but something without order and directionality. In this article, I start with Daoist texts (i.e., Dao De Jing 道德經 and Zhuangzi 莊子) about fundamental reality and time. I then explain and analyze Chai’s interpretations of these texts. Lastly, I argue that Chai’s interpretations violate an important Daoist principle. In addition, the idea that human measured time is merely a mental construction is not the best available interpretation of the texts.

Islam felsefesinin tartismasiz en onemli filozoflarindan biri olan Ibn Sina, donemindeki yogun Aristoteles etkisine karsilik, Aristoteles’in sisteminden bagimsiz yeni bir zaman sistemi kurmustur. Sifa isimli kitabinda bu sistemi sunan Ibn Sina, ayni zamanda hareket, hiz, mekansal buyukluk gibi belli kavramlarin yaninda bolunebilir bir buyukluk olan ve zorunlu bir sekilde oncelik ve sonraliga sahip olan bir kapasite olarak tanimladigi imkana dayali bir zamanin gercekligi savunusu yapmakla birlikte bu kavramlarin anlam kazanabilmesi icin zaman kavramina ihtiyacimiz oldugunu gostermistir. Zamanin gercekligi sorusu, guncel felsefenin aktorlerinden de buyuk dikkat cekmistir. Bu isimlerden biri olan J. Ellis McTaggart, hayli tartismali olmasinin yanisira etkili de olan “Zamanin Gercekdisiligi” baslikli makalesinde zamanin bir illuzyondan ibaret oldugunu tartismistir. McTaggart, gerek bu makalede gerekse Varolusun Dogasi isimli kitabinda zamanin gercek olmadigini ve zamana dair verdigimiz her tanimin dongusel, celiskili veya yetersiz oldugunu savunmustur. McTaggart, bu ispatini zamandaki anlarin birbirine nispetle iki farkli sekilde siniflandirilabilecegi varsayimi uzerine kurgulamistir. Buna gore A serisi, zamandaki anlari gecmis, su an ve gelecek seklinde konumlandirirken B serisi, oncelik ve sonralik iliskisi ile konumlandirmaktadir. Bu calisma, Ibn Sina’nin sundugu zaman sisteminin McTaggart’in B serisi ile uyumlu olup olmadigi sorusunu cevaplamayi amaclamaktadir. Anahtar kelimeler: Ibn Sina, Zaman, Mekansal Buyukluk, Imkan, Hareket, McTaggart, B serisi

Fumonisins are a group of mycotoxins generated by the Fusarium spp. in foods and feeds. More than 15 isomers of Fumonisin are recognized, and the B series of Fumonisins is the primary and referral isomer of Fumonisin. Fumonisin B can cause leukoencephalomalacia in rabbits and horses and porcine pulmonary edema in swine. Fumonisin B is also nephrotoxic, hepatotoxic, immunotoxic and carcinogenic. It blocks sphingolipid biosynthesis (and hinders the synthesis of ceramide) by a noticeable resemblance to sphingosine and sphinganine. This paper provides a review of the toxicity, occurrence, and mechanism of carcinogenicity, hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity as well as immunotoxicity of Fumonisins, which are primarily found on a variety of food and feed in Africa, America, Europe, Asia, and Oceania. In this paper, current information on contamination of feeds and foods by Fumonisins around the world is summarized. Because of economic losses induced by Fumonisins and their harmful effects on animal and human health, various procedures to detoxify infected feeds and foods have been illustrated in this review, including biological, physical, and chemical processes. Additionally, we discuss dietary intakes and maximum limits of Fumonisins in some countries.

In the scope of this research, we shall examine the feasibility of applying an optimization method to ship propeller selection. The idea is to model the “traditional” selection process as a constrained optimization problem. Throughout this particular paper, an objective function (propeller performance) is optimized, subjects to a number of constraints imposed by cavitation, required propeller thrust, and available engine power. In the beginning, we select Wageningen’s B-series propellers as our study object because of its fidelity in experimental data, and, for the sake of simplicity, we shall use Sequential Quadratic Programming (SQP) method to solve the optimization problem. By introducing this new approach, we want to exploit the power of numerical machine to deal with a computational challenge; selecting a propeller not only best fits the design requirements but also in a most effective manner. Moreover, this method could be further developed, and be applied to the optimization of ship design.

The connection between trees and differential equations was pointed out in the classic paper by Cayley (Phil. Mag. 13, 172–176 1857). Trees were also used in the work of Merson (1957), on the order of Runge–Kutta methods. The paper by Hairer and Wanner (Computing 13, 1–15 1974), where the term B-series was introduced, followed papers by the present author (Butcher J. Austral. Math. Soc. 3, 185–201 1963, Math. Comput. 26, 79–106 1972). The present paper will survey the use of trees in the formulation of B-series and illustrate the results by constructing and analysing some examples of general linear methods.

Although it has not been possible to survey all aspects of the burgeoning subject of Geometric Integration, symplectic Runge–Kutta methods and their generalization to general linear methods are introduced to the extent that their main properties are studied and explained. It is perhaps surprising that G-symplectic methods perform well over millions of time steps, even though they will eventually fail because of round-off errors. Energy preserving methods are briefly surveyed, based on Continuous Stage Runge–Kutta methods, which were previously introduced in Chapter 4, as examples of integration methods.

There is a tension in the doctrine of intertemporal law outlined by Max Huber in the Island of Palmas case. The first branch demands that the legality of an act be judged by the law in force at the time the act occurs; the second that we take into account any change in the law over time. We see the problem in the 2019 Chagos Archipelago proceedings. The UK argued that the detachment of the Archipelago from Mauritius in 1965 was not unlawful, because it was not regarded as unlawful at the time. The International Court of Justice (ICJ) disagreed, deciding that the detachment was unlawful at that time, but it relied on the 1970 Declaration on Friendly Relations to confirm this conclusion. This article explains why the ICJ’s use of dynamic logic to reach its decision was correct—and what this tells us about the intertemporal doctrine.

In the North Coastal Region of Central Java, the traditional fishing boat is a primary object that generates the economics activities of the social community. As an artisanal fishery, the boats generally adopt the tradition to build technique from their predecessor. Therefore the lack of practice to determine the propeller design which considered the hydrodynamic relation within the boat dimension, hull form geometry and propeller is observed. Presently, there is no a standard propeller design that particularly well designed considering the hull shape geometry for the traditional boat. The aim of the research is to identify the propeller that would be applied to the fishing boats typically found in the North Coastal Region of Central Java using B-Series marine propeller. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis for assessing the performance of thrust and torque of the developed propeller was performed.

The age old conflict between logical analysis and phenomenological study revealed by different philosophical treatments of our experience of temporal passage are discussed in the present paper. Temporal passage is found to be problematic because philosophers entertain conflicting views regarding the status of the passage of time. As logical analyses prove temporal passage as unreal or illusory and phenomenological study of our experience of temporal passage considers it to be a fundamental structure of our life, the conflict regarding the status of the passage of time emerges. In this paper our aim will be to explore gradually different logical analyses of our experience of temporal passage provided by philosophers of both classical India and the West on the one hand and also to discuss some of the phenomenological treatments of our experience of temporal passage provided by some continental philosophers to show the conflict between the results of these two philosophical treatments. Finally, we would like to state that since this conflict culminates into the conflict between reason and experience, it is not possible to resolve the conflict in the present life form in which both these categories have their distinctive roles to play.

Background: This study was undertaken to evaluate the major causes of mortality at different stages of incubation and their economic impact in response to sustainability challenges at the Rwandan National Hatchery.Methods: The study evaluated the fertility, hatchability and embryonic deaths in broiler-producing flocks (B series) and layer-producing flocks (L series) at Rubilizi, a state-owned hatchery in Kigali, Rwanda.Results: Mean fertility in the B series (94.23%) was not significantly different (P > 0.05) from that of the L series (93.24%). Mean hatchability in the B series (57.39%) was significantly (P 0.05).Conclusions: Low hatchability in the L series possibly resulted from the higher number of embryonic deaths and hatch debris and not from reduced fertility or cull chicks. Total chick losses during the study amounted to US$54 327.00. The hatchery was experiencing more losses in layers than in broilers as emanating from low hatchability of the layers. Further investigations are needed with aim to maximise the hatchery’s capacity.

Structure, chemical durability and thermal properties of two glass series (A and B) in ZnO-Fe 2 O 3 -P 2 O 5 system were investigated in this study. Nominal compositions of A and B glass series are (100 − x )[0.45ZnO-0.1Fe 2 O 3 -0.45P 2 O 5 ]- x AO (in mol%, x = 5, 10, AO = Al 2 O 3 , B 2 O 3 , SiO 2 ) and (42.75 − y )ZnO-9.5Fe 2 O 3 -42.75P 2 O 5 -5Al 2 O 3 - y BO (in mol%, y = 5, 10, BO = Bi 2 O 3 , MoO 3 ), respectively. For glasses in A series, the variations in thermal expansion coefficient and characterization temperature are slight with theses oxides addition; thermal stability improved with the addition of SiO 2 ; chemical durability improved with the addition of B 2 O 3 or Al 2 O 3 ; A 2 glass obtained by 5 mol% Al 2 O 3 addition has good comprehensive performance in A series, and it was chosen as base glass in B series. High thermal stability (TS = 201 °C), high chemical durability (DR = 3.2 × 10 − 8 g/cm 2 /min), relative low thermal expansion coefficient (α 25–300 °C = 7.71 × 10 − 6 /°C) are achieved simultaneously in B 2 glass prepared by the substitution of 5 mol% Bi 2 O 3 for ZnO in A 2 glass. A 2 , A 4 , A 5 and B 2 glasses have potential to be used in 490–600 °C sealing applications. B 2 glass also has the potential to be used in high level radioactive waste immobilization.

J. M. E. McTaggart famously divided time into two time series, which he entitled A-series and B-series. Although he was proponent of neither of them, his division initiated a discussion as to which of the series is prior or real. This paper follows Clifford Williams’s claim that these series are not as distant as their proponents argue they are. It demonstrates their translatability in the case of examples from temporal logic and natural language. It argues that, if there are any deep-rooted differences between these two series, they are only metaphysical. These metaphysical differences could be overcome by focusing on logic or natural language. These two series of time are also used in computer science and in the development of Artificial Intelligence. However, no attempt at unifying them has been suggested in these fields of study. J. M. E. McTaggart rozdělil čas na dvě časové série, A-série a B-série. Třebaže nebyl zastáncem žádné z nich, jeho rozdělení podnítilo diskuzi, která z těchto časových sérií je přednější nebo jediná skutečně reálná. Tento článek navazuje na názor Clifforda Williamse, že tyto časové série nejsou tak rozdílné, jak tvrdí jejich zastánci. V článku je demonstrována jejich přeložitelnost na příkladech z temporální logiky a přirozeného jazyka. Článek dále tvrdí, že jestliže je zde nějaký hluboce zakořeněný rozdíl mezi těmito dvěma sériemi, pak je pouze metafyzický. Tyto metafyzické rozdíly mohou být překonány, zaměříme-li se na logiku a přirozený jazyk. Tyto dvě časové série jsou také použity v informatice a rozvoji umělé inteligence, třebaže v těchto oborech dosud nebyly navrženy žádné pokusy o jejich propojení.

The preceding chapters made the case that perspectival contents are indispensible for accounts of human action, emotion, perception, normative behavior, computation, and information, and that they cannot be eliminated or replaced by aperspectival contents. One idea that has been widely held (and previously held by the author) is the idea that tensism is not compatible with the B-series conception of time. This chapter argues that competing accounts of tense—the A-series and the B-series—are in fact compatible. One can wed perspectival temporal contents to an aperspectival picture of the world without creating fatal philosophical puzzles. The solution, it is argued, is to deploy resources from the dynamic lexicon and understand that perspectival contents are not to be confused with their modes of expression.

We discuss stochastic differential equations with a stiff linear part and their approximation by stochastic exponential Runge–Kutta integrators. Representing the exact and approximate solutions using B-series and rooted trees, we derive the order conditions for stochastic exponential Runge–Kutta integrators. The resulting general order theory covers both Ito and Stratonovich integration.

The fishing ship propulsion system will affect the performance of the ship and impact the fishermen’s income. A crucial factor is the level of efficiency produced by propellers mounted on fishing vessels. In B-series propellers, propeller efficiency can be optimized by varying the size of the geometric dimensions. This propeller optimization process can be done after the ship resistance value is known. In Cirebon waters, as in other regions in Indonesia, the selection of propellers by fishermen is still unclear. Most are only based on the availability of goods on the market, without looking at how big the actual ship resistance occurs. In this research, one of the fishing boats that will be built will be chosen to estimate the ships’ resistance. After that, by considering the engine used as its driving source, the geometry dimensions that can produce the highest efficiency are sought. Estimation of ship resistance is sought by the Holtrop method, and propeller optimization is carried out with the help of software. From the results of this study, the value of ship resistance commonly used by Cirebon waters fishermen is 2.608 kN at an operational speed of 7 knots. Optimized propeller design provides a 6 percent increase in efficiency compared to previously used propellers.

Many algorithms in numerical analysis are affine equivariant: they are immune to changes of affine coordinates. This is because those algorithms are defined using affine invariant constructions. There is, however, a crucial ingredient missing: most algorithms are in fact defined regardless of the underlying dimension. As a result, they are also invariant with respect to non-invertible affine transformation from spaces of different dimensions. We formulate this property precisely: these algorithms fall short of being natural transformations between affine functors. We give a precise definition of what we call a weak natural transformation between functors, and illustrate the point using examples coming from numerical analysis, in particular B-Series.

The influence of cornmeal industrial production processing on the distribution of fumonisins in thevarious different production chain corn derivatives (corn, corn flour, germ, middlings, broken corn,cornflake and cornmeal flour)was studied.Free and hydrolyzed fumonisin fractions were extracted and their content was determined by HPLC-MS/MS analysis. Results showed that fumonisin amounts decreased significantly after cleaning and corn-flaking processes, achieving a final reduction of about 40% in the cornmeal semolina, while higher levelof contamination in corn flour (fumetto) and middlings were detected. Furthermore, in order to betterunderstand the influence of the different treatments on fumonisin distribution, the occurrence of theirfree and masked forms during this industrial processing was investigated.Results for masked fumonisins showed that they were not detected probably due to different climaticand technological factors.© 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. 1. IntroductionFumonisins are a group of secondary metabolites mainly pro-duced by Fusarium verticilloides and Fusarium proliferatum, that canoccur in corn and corn-base products. These mycotoxins, especiallythose pertaining to B series (FBs), may cause a variety of undesir-able effects in mammals, such as hepatocarcinogenic, hepatotoxic,nephrotoxic, and cytotoxic diseases. In human, the high incidenceof esophageal cancer has been related with FB1 exposure (Creppy,2002). The consumption of fumonisin-contaminated maize hasalso been associated with the occurrence of neural tube defects(Marasas et al, 2004). For these reasons FB1 has been classified as a2B carcinogenic by the International Agency of Research on Cancer(IARC, 2002). The joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Ad-ditives (JECFA) has determined a maximum tolerable daily intake(PMTDI) of 2

Details of an experimental study for 22 clear-water scour tests around bridge piers are presented in three combinations of flow-altering countermeasures against bed erosion. The combined countermeasures are as follows: (1) berm and geometry; (2) berm, geometry, and centered slot; and (3) berm, geometry, and off-centered slots. First, four different cross-sections were selected for the model piers (A series). The results of this group have shown that the lenticular model can decrease the scour depth remarkably. The efficient height of a berm was then determined through B series of tests for circular cylindrical model pier. Then, it was found that the first combination (C series) could not decrease the bed erosion significantly. Also, the second combination (D series) mainly decreased the scour depth only in the circular and round-nosed rectangular geometries. Finally, the third combination (E series) used for the first time with considering its structural aspects can be considered as the most effective countermeasure only for the common geometries of the model piers. The results showed that the combination of different countermeasures would not be an efficient tool for all geometries of model piers.

Bu çalışma, zamanın ne’liğiproblemi üzerine felsefi bir sorgulama amacını taşımaktadır. Zamanın ne’liğimeselesi, Antikçağdan günümüze kadar pek çok felsefeci tarafındanincelenmiştir. Bu felsefeciler arasında yirminci yüzyıl felsefecilerinden JohnEllis McTaggart’ın ortaya attığı “Zamanın Gerçekdışılığı Argümanı”,sorgulamanın gidişatı açısından son derece önem teşkil etmiştir. Bu nedenleçalışmanın merkezi McTaggart’ın argümanının incelenmesine ayrılmış, diğerbölümlerde ise McTaggart öncesi ve McTaggart sonrasına ait düşünceler elealınmıştır. Bu bağlamda çalışmanın ilk bölümünde McTaggart’a kadarki süreçiçerisinde felsefe tarihinde geliştirilmiş zaman düşünceleri ele alınacaktır.Çalışmanın ikinci bölümü, McTaggart’ın “Zamanın Gerçekdışılığı Argümanı”nınincelenmesine ayrılmıştır. Çalışmanın üçüncü bölümünde ise McTaggart sonrasıgeliştirilen zaman teorileri ve yirminci yüzyıl zaman felsefesinin tartışmalarıele alınacaktır. Sonuç niteliğindeki son bölüm ise felsefe tarihindeki zamandüşüncelerine ait genel değerlendirmeleri ve yazarın kişisel düşüncelerini içermektedir., This study is aimed to philosophical inquiry into the problem of what is time. This question has been examined by philosophers from Ancient ages to the present. Among these philosophers, John Ellis McTaggart’s argument of ‚The Unreality of Time‛ was great importance in course of the examination. For this reason, the center of the study is devoted to examination of McTaggart’s argument, while pre- and post-McTaggart ideas were considered on the other sections. The first part of the study will focus on time thought as far as McTaggart. The second part of the study is devoted to an examination about McTaggart’s ‚The Unreality of Time‛ argument. In the third part of the study, the time theories developed after McTaggart and the discussions of the twentieth-century philosophy of time will be discussed. And the last section contains general considerations of the philosophical history of time and the author’s personal thoughts.

A very interesting topic in naval architecture is the choice of propeller. The engineer team should pay attention to several characteristics of the vessel to choose properly the most effective propeller for that specific application. At the beginning of the Second World War, the diagrams of a well-known propeller design were published, the B-Series Propellers. They were tested at the Netherlands Ship Model Basin in Wageningen and analyzed with multiple polynomial regression analysis. Until today this propeller is studied because it possesses satisfactory efficiency and adequate cavitation properties. Besides that, open-water characteristics (KT, KQ and η0) are easy to get. The purpose of this work is to evaluate the usefulness of CFD analysis to get the main characteristics of a propeller in order to make this selected process more effective, as long as with a lower cost is possible to analyze much more designs of propellers at a lower cost. A tool using Microsoft Excel was developed to draw any B-Series propeller. For this work was used a specific B-Series propeller, the B3.80. The CFD results are verified using Richardson Extrapolation and then validated against the propeller model results. The open-water characteristics are used for this purpose and the numerical results showed a fairly good agreement with the experimental data. Other interesting results of this propeller are shown too, e.g. the pressure distribution, streamlines and wall y+.

The order conditions for Runge–Kutta methods are intimately connected with the graphs known as rooted trees. The conditions can be expressed in terms of Taylor expansions written as weighted sums of elementary differentials, that is as B-series. Polish notation provides a unifying structure for representing many of the quantities appearing in this theory. Applications include the analysis of general linear methods with special reference to G-symplectic methods. A new order 6 method has recently been constructed.

Um dos marcos mais importantes da filosofia do tempo contemporânea é o artigo de McTaggart (1908) denominado “The Unreality of Time”, no qual o autor defende que a suposição da existência do tempo é contraditória. O texto em questão demorou algumas décadas para ter sua importância filosófica devidamente reconhecida, devido à dificuldade proposta pela segunda parte de sua argumentação, chamada posteriormente de “Paradoxo de McTaggart” , pois não consiste em mostrar a coerência de suposição da que o tempo é irreal, mas que a ideia da existência disso que comumente se entende por tempo é inconsistente devido a uma contradição na aplicação dos predicados ser presente, ser passado e ser futuro. Há alguns autores que consideram o argumento de McTaggart muito plausível e que desenvolveram respostas a este, a fim de assegurar a realidade do tempo abandonando alguma (ou algumas) das suposições fundamentais que se tem a respeito da natureza do tempo. Uma destas respostas é denominada presentismo e consiste em defender que tudo e apenas o que existe é presente e tudo e apenas o que é presente existe. Essa resposta enfrenta algumas dificuldades, dentre as quais ressalta-se a dificuldade da veridação de proposições a respeito do passado e do futuro, e a dificuldade de conciliar o presentismo com a teoria da relatividade. A proposta desta dissertação é analisar a argumentação de McTaggart levando em consideração os requisitos necessários para interpretá-la a fim de que fique claro o que está sendo pretendido em cada premissa. O próximo passo será analisar o presentismo enquanto teoria coerente para, por fim, verificar a possibilidade de utilizar o presentismo como uma alternativa concreta de interpretação da realidade na qual o tempo seja real, resolvendo o paradoxo de McTaggart. One of the most important milestones of contemporary philosophy of time is the paper by McTaggart (1908) "The Unreality of Time", in which he argues that the existence of time is contradictory. The work in question took a few decades to have its philosophical importance duly acknowledged, mainly due to the difficulty of the second part of McTaggart’s argument, which came to be called “McTaggart’s Paradox”, since it does not show the consistency of the assumption that time is unreal, but that the idea of the existence of what is commonly understood by time is inconsistent due to a contradiction in applying the predicates of being past, present or future. There are some authors who consider the McTaggart's argument very plausible, and have developed responses to it in order to ensure the reality of time, abandoning some of the fundamental notions that are usually attributed to time. One of these responses is called presentism, and consists in the assumption that all and only what exists is present and all and only what is present exists. That response faces some difficulties, like the difficulty of the truthmakers, the makers of the truth-value of assumptions about the past and the future, since only the present exists, or the difficulty reconciling presentism and Relativity Theory. The purpose of this dissertation, then, is to examine McTaggart's Paradox, analyzing the requirements needed to interpret it in a way that is consistent. If the argument shows itself sound, the next step will be to analyze presentism as a coherent theory in order to finally verify the possibility of using presentism as a concrete alternative for interpreting reality in which time is real, solving the McTaggart’s Paradox.

The reactions of hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene, N3P3Cl6 (1), with 1,6-diaminohexane (2a) and 1,8-diaminooctane (2b), having long carbon chains, in acetonitrile have been investigated. The reactions gave three different types of products, whose structures have been characterized by elemental analysis, mass spectrometry, H-1 and P-31 NMR spectroscopy, viz, the triple-bridged compounds N3P3Cl3[NH(CH2)(n)NH](3)N3P3Cl3 [n = 6 (a series); n = 8 (b series)] (3a, 3b), the mono-ansa compounds N3P3Cl4[NH(CH2)(n)NH] (4a, 4b) and the double-bridged compounds N3P3Cl4[NH(CH2)(n)NH](2)N3F3Cl4, (5a, 5b). X-ray crystallographic studies confirmed the structures of the two ansa compounds (4a, 4b) and the meso-anti double-bridged compounds (5a, 5b). The results of both reactions were compared with previous work on the reaction of compound 1 with the same diamines (2a, 2b). (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

The crystallization of PbO–WO3–P2O5 ternary glasses was studied in three compositional series of (100 − x)[0.5PbO–0.5P2O5]–xWO3 glasses (A series), 50PbO–(50 − y)P2O5–yWO3 glasses (B series) and (50 − z)PbO–50P2O5–zWO3 glasses (C series) beginning with Pb(PO3)2. The crystallization products of the annealed glass powders were evaluated using X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. The results of the X-ray diffraction analysis of the crystallized glasses revealed the formation of several crystalline phosphate compounds and in the samples with a high WO3 content also the formation of a new crystalline compound of Pb(WO2)2(PO4)2 in series A and B. From the obtained diffraction pattern, the hexagonal cell parameters were calculated as a = 11.3531(1) A and c = 6.3168(1) A. The surface mechanism of crystallization dominates the crystallization process of the glass into the Pb(WO2)2(PO4)2 compound as evaluated using Day's method. Raman spectra of the crystallized samples confirmed the results of the X-ray diffraction measurements and provided information on the thermal stability of the glasses and formation of the glass-crystalline phases by the annealing of glass samples.

We present an algorithm based on Automatic Differentiation for computing general B-series of vector fields $f\colon \mathbb{R}^n\rightarrow \mathbb{R}^n$. The algorithm has a computational complexity depending linearly on $n$, and provides a practical way of computing B-series up to a moderately high order $d$. Compared to Automatic Differentiation for computing Taylor series solutions of differential equations, the proposed algorithm is more general, since it can compute any B-series. However the computational cost of the proposed algorithm grows much faster in $d$ than a Taylor series method, thus very high order B-series are not tractable by this approach.

The process of designing a propeller as a ship propulsor is an important step to produce a propeller that has the ability to achieve the desired target speed of the ship. Propeller optimization is an effort to produce a propeller design with optimal capabilities. This propeller design uses a B-series propeller where this propeller is commonly used as ship propulsor. Optimization steps to find the optimal propeller, namely: determining the objective function, determining the decision variable, and determining the constraint variable. The objective function of this optimization is to determine the Advanced-optimal (J-opt) coefficient value for the propeller. The J-opt coefficient must have a value greater than the J-Design coefficient (J-d) value and the smallest possible value (minimization function). For decision variables include picth diameter ratio (P / D) and Blade area ratio (Ae / Ao) and number of leaves (Z). While the constraint variables are: the pitch diameter ratio value of the B-series propeller (0.5≤P/D≤1.4), the blade area ratio B-series (0.3≤Ae/Ao≤1, 05) as well as the number of blade (2≤Z≤7). From the calculation results of the optimization of the B-series propeller design for the KCR 60, the optimum value is different for each blade. the propeller with the number of blade 2 (Z = 2) obtained the optimum propeller with the value of J-opt =0.77098733, Ae/Ao=0.3, P/D=1.13162337, KT = 0.165632781, 10KQ=0, 27546033 and efficiency=0.73198988. Popeller with number of blades 3 (Z=3) obtained optimum propeller with J-opt value=0.77755594, Ae/Ao=0.3, P/D=1.06370107, KT=0.168069763, 10KQ=0.28984068 and efficiency=0.70590799. Propeller with number of blades 4 (Z=4) obtained optimum propeller with J-opt value=0.78478688, Ae/Ao=0.45954773, P/D=1.03798312, Kt=0.172147709, 10Kq= 0.3091063 and efficiency=0.67797119. Propeller with blades number 5(Z=5) obtained optimum propeller with J-opt value=0.78575616, Ae/Ao=0.65607164, P/D=1.02716571, KT=0.174099168, 10KQ=0.31376705 and efficiency=0.67547177. Propeller with blades number 6 (z=6) obtained optimum propeller with J-opt value=0.78867357, Ae/Ao=0.71124343, P/D=1.0185055, KT=0.176525247, 10KQ=0.32215257 and efficiency =0.66705719. Propeller with number of blades 7 (Z=7) obtained optimum propeller with J-opt value=0.7949898, Ae/Ao=0.69772623, P/D=1.01780081, KT=0.181054792, KQ=0.34011349 , and efficiency =0.64804328.Keywords : KCR, Optimization,Wageningen B-series.

The phenomena of cavitation which occurs when the propeller work can cause adverseeffects. One of them is the ship would miss the thrust so that the speed can not beachieved as expected. Various experiments and researches have been done in an effort toobtain maximum results by reducing or even eliminating cavitation occurring.One of these efforts is to reduce or eliminate cavitation occurring on the hub vortex. Thisis done by modifying the propeller without changing the original design self. Thepropeller boss cap is modified by adding fins / fin, and then examines the differencesbetween the cavitation that occur with a standard cap boss the modified. It is thencalculated how big the impact on the efficiency of the propeller. In this study, propellermodels of type B series 4:45 (model no. 3468) is used. The test conducted in thecavitation tunnel Laboratory for Hydrodynamics, BPP Technology in Surabaya.From the results of efficiency measurements and observations conducted cavitation it wasfound that modifications made to be able to eliminate the hub vortex cavitation therebyincreasing the efficiency up to 8.58%.

Three galactosyl cyclitols, digalactosyl myo-inositol (assigned the trivial name DGMI), trigalactosyl myo-inositol (assigned the trivial name TGMI), and trigalactosyl d-chiro-inositol (fagopyritol B3), were isolated from common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) seeds. Structures of the three compounds were determined by 2D NMR spectroscopy. DGMI is α-d-galactopyranosyl-(1→6)-α-d-galactopyranosyl-(1→1)-1l-myo-inositol, TGMI is α-d-galactopyranosyl-(1→6)-α-d-galactopyranosyl-(1→6)-α-d-galactopyranosyl-(1→1)-1l-myo-inositol, and fagopyritol B3 is α-d-galactopyranosyl-(1→6)-α-d-galactopyranosyl-(1→6)-α-d-galactopyranosyl-(1→2)-1d-chiro-inositol. DGMI and TGMI are higher oligomers of galactinol, a major galactosyl donor in plant seeds. Fagopyritol B3 is a higher oligomer of the fagopyritol B series and one of six fagopyritols found in buckwheat seeds and in the bran milling fraction. Samples of TGMI and fagopyritol B3 also contained the compounds N-(β-glucopyranosyl)-nicotinic acid and β-d-apiofuranosyl-(1→6)-β-d-(1-O-methyl)-glucopyranoside.

Summary Following the work of the idealist philosopher John McTaggart, we argue studies of management practice use two senses of socially constructed time, distinguished as A and B series. In B series, time is spatialized into calculable instants allowing the structuring and intensification of commercial activity into sequences of means and ends, something that that aids exploitation. In A series, time is akin to experience in which the future and past are open to subjects’ imagination and interpretation, something that aids exploration. We then extend this theorization of time in management practice; specifically we conceptually develop A series by considering the intimacy between time, experience and existence. Drawing on the work of Heidegger we develop another idea of time – ‘world time’ – in which altogether different possibilities for managerial practice may be glanced, ones associated with experiment and play in which time is no longer something to be saved, or made use of, because time is no longer understood as a resource, or even a thing. World time, we argue, develops the work of James March, by de-coupling exploration from exploitation; no longer is one in the service of the other.