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As a representative intrinsic type P inorganic semiconductor material, copper (I) oxide CuO has been widely used in photovoltaic, catalysis, chemical industries and other fields, and has an extremely important position. For a long time, the literature on the preparation method and preparation technology of CuO is relatively scattered and independent, resulting in a certain degree of obstacles and difficulty in obtaining relevant technical knowledge and understanding its internal principles. Aiming at the progress and innovation of CuO preparation methods and technology in recent years, combined with the team’s long-term experience accumulation and research results, this article focuses on the classification, principles and characteristics of CuO preparation methods, and the optimization methods and development directions of CuO preparation technology. The outlook was carried out. This review aims to provide reference and guidance for the preparation and research of CuO and other related inorganic oxide semiconductors. В качестве репрезентативного неорганического полупроводникового материала типа P оксид меди (I) CuO широко используется в фотоэлектрической, катализной, химической промышленности и других областях и занимает чрезвычайно важное положение. Долгое время литература по способу получения и технологии получения CuO была относительно разрозненной и независимой, что приводило к определенной степени препятствий и трудностей в получении соответствующих технических знаний и понимании ее внутренних принципов. Стремясь к прогрессу и инновациям в методах и технологиях получения CuO за последние годы в сочетании с накоплением многолетнего опыта команды и результатами исследований, эта статья посвящена классификации, принципам и характеристикам методов получения CuO, а также методам оптимизации и направлениям развития технологии получения CuO. Прогноз был выполнен. Цель этого обзора - предоставить справочные материалы и рекомендации по получению и исследованию CuO и других связанных с ними неорганических оксидных полупроводников.

Copper (I) oxide CuO, as a representative intrinsic P-type inorganic semiconductor material, has been widely used in the field of optical energy utilization, such as photovoltaic, photocatalysis, photodegradation and other fields, and has an extremely important position. For a long time, the literature on CuO’s application technology in the field of light energy utilization is relatively scattered and independent, resulting in a certain degree of obstacles and difficulties to obtain relevant technical knowledge and have a deep understanding of its internal principles. According to the application of CuO in the field of light energy utilization in recent years, it is mainly divided into three modules (photovoltaic, photocatalysis, photodegradation, photodegradation), and mainly summarizes the classification, principle and characteristics of CuO application in the field of light energy and prospects the optimization method and development direction of the application in the field of CuO light energy. This review aims to provide reference and guidance for the optical energy applications of CuO and other related inorganic oxide semiconductors. Оксид меди (I) CuO, как типичный неорганический полупроводниковый материал P-типа, широко используется в области использования оптической энергии, такой как фотоэлектрика, фотокатализ, фотодеградация и другие области, и занимает чрезвычайно важное положение. Долгое время литература по технологии применения CuO в области использования световой энергии была относительно разрозненной и независимой, что приводит к определенной степени препятствий и трудностей при получении соответствующих технических знаний и глубокого понимания его внутренних принципов. В соответствии с применением CuO в области использования световой энергии в последние годы, он в основном разделен на три модуля (фотоэлектрический, фотокатализ, фотодеградация, фотодеградация) и в основном обобщает классификацию, принцип и характеристики применения CuO в области световой энергии и перспективы метода оптимизации и направления развития применения в области световой энергии CuO. Цель этого обзора - предоставить справочные материалы и рекомендации по применению CuO и других родственных неорганических оксидных полупроводников в оптической энергии.

Planet formation imprints signatures on the physical structures of disks. In this paper, we present high-resolution ($\sim$50 mas, 8 au) Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) observations of 1.3 mm dust continuum and CO line emission toward the disk around the M3.5 star 2MASS J04124068+2438157. The dust disk consists only of two narrow rings at radial distances of 0.47 and 0.78 arcsec ($\sim$70 and 116 au), with Gaussian $\sigma$ widths of 5.6 and 8.5 au, respectively. The width of the outer ring is smaller than the estimated pressure scale height by $\sim25\%$, suggesting dust trapping in a radial pressure bump. The dust disk size, set by the location of the outermost ring, is significantly larger (by $3\sigma$) than other disks with similar millimeter luminosity, which can be explained by an early formation of local pressure bump to stop radial drift of millimeter dust grains. After considering the disk's physical structure and accretion properties, we prefer planet--disk interaction over dead zone or photoevaporation models to explain the observed dust disk morphology. We carry out high-contrast imaging at $L'$ band using Keck/NIRC2 to search for potential young planets, but do not identify any source above $5\sigma$. Within the dust gap between the two rings, we reach a contrast level of $\sim$7 mag, constraining the possible planet below $\sim$2--4 $M_{\rm Jup}$. Analyses of the gap/ring properties suggest a $\sim$Saturn mass planet at $\sim$90 au is likely responsible for the formation of the outer ring, which can be potentially revealed with JWST., Comment: 15 pages, 5 figures. Accepted for publication in ApJ

Drought is currently one of the most severe natural disasters affecting the world. Therefore, characterizing the temporal and spatial characteristics of droughts is critical to managing drought disasters and coping with global climate change. In this study, we apply the ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD), empirical orthogonal function (EOF) decomposition, and the drought event division method of run theory to analyze the temporal and spatial characteristics of meteorological droughts across the globe from 1901 to 2020 using the self-calibrated Palmer drought severity index (scPDSI). We found that the world was gradually becoming wetter from 1901 to 2020, but the severity and duration of severe and extreme drought events also increased. In contrast to the PDSI, which showed no obvious short-period changes, the annual drought severity (ADS) had short cycle changes of 8 and 17 yr. Based on the EOF decomposition results of drought characteristics, dry and wet trends of local PDSI are inconsistent with increasing or decreasing trends of severe and extreme drought events. This research on the temporal and spatial decomposition of severe and extreme drought events provides a new perspective on drought research and analysis, which is critical for the further characterization of drought and the prevention and management of drought disasters.

Ground-based Multi-AXis Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) is a state-of-the-art remote sensing technique for deriving vertical profiles of trace gases and aerosols. However, MAX-DOAS profile inversions under aerosol pollution scenarios are challenging because of the complex radiative transfer and limited information content of the measurements. In this study, the performances of two inversion algorithms were evaluated for various aerosol pollution scenarios based on synthetic slant column densities (SCDs) derived from radiative transfer simulations. Compared to previous studies, in our study, much larger ranges of aerosol optical depth (AOD) and NO2 vertical column densities (VCDs) are covered. One inversion algorithm is based on optimal estimation; the other uses a parameterized approach. In this analysis, three types of profile shapes for aerosols and NO2 were considered: exponential, Boltzmann, and Gaussian. First, the systematic deviations of the retrieved aerosol profiles from the input profiles were investigated. For most cases, the AODs of the retrieved profiles were found to be systematically lower than the input values, and the deviations increased with increasing AOD. In particular for the optimal estimation algorithm and for high AOD, these findings are consistent with the results in previous studies. The assumed single scattering albedo (SSA) and asymmetry parameter (AP) have a systematic influence on the aerosol retrieval. However, for most cases the influence of the assumed SSA and AP on the retrieval results are rather small (compared to other uncertainties). For the optimal estimation algorithm, the agreement with the input values can be improved by optimizing the covariance matrix of the a priori uncertainties. Second, the aerosol effects on the NO2 profile retrieval were tested. Here, especially for the optimal estimation algorithm, a systematic dependence on the NO2 VCD was found, with a strong relative overestimation of the retrieved results for low NO2 VCDs and an underestimation for high NO2 VCDs. In contrast, the dependence on the aerosol profiles was found to be rather low. Interestingly, the results for both investigated wavelengths (360 and 477 nm) were found to be rather similar, indicating that the differences in the radiative transfer between both wavelengths have no strong effect. In general, both inversion schemes can retrieve the near-surface values of aerosol extinction and trace gas concentrations well.

To explore the clinical effect of bone cement-enhanced Asian proximal femoral anti-rotation intramedullary nail (APFN) internal fixation in the treatment of elderly osteoporotic intertrochanteric fractures of the femur and provide it as a more robust treatment to elderly patients with osteoporotic intertrochanteric femoral fractures.Between January 2017 and January 2019, 42 patients with osteoporotic intertrochanteric fractures in our hospital were selected. All patients were randomly divided into the proximal femoral anti-rotation intramedullary nail (PFNA) group and APFN group. The PFNA group received conventional PFNA internal fixation, and the APFN group received bone cement-enhanced APFN internal fixation. The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, average fracture healing time, weight bearing time, and hip function recovery of the two groups of patients were evaluated.All patients were followed up. There was no significant difference in intraoperative blood loss between the two groups. Compared with the PFNA group, the weight-bearing time and hospital stay of the APFN group were significantly shorter. According to the Harris score of hip joint function, the excellent and good rate of the APFN group was better than that of the PFNA group.Compared with conventional PFNA internal fixation, cement-enhanced APFN internal fixation has the advantage of early functional reconstruction in the treatment of osteoporotic femoral intertrochanteric fractures. It can significantly shorten the time required for patients to get out of bed and bear weight. It is an effective method for the treatment of osteoporotic femoral intertrochanteric fracture.

Habitability of an exoplanet is believed to be profoundly affected by activities of the host stars, although the related coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are still rarely detected in solar-like and late-type stars. We here report an observational study on flares of two M-dwarfs triggered by the high-cadence survey performed by the Ground Wide-angle Camera system. In both events, the fast, time-resolved spectroscopy enables us to identify symmetric broad H$\alpha$ emission with not only a nearly zero bulk velocity, but also a large projected maximum velocity as high as $\sim700-800\ \mathrm{km\ s^{-1}}$. This broadening could be resulted from either Stark (pressure) effect or a flaring-associated CME at stellar limb. In the context of the CME scenario, the CME mass is estimated to be $\sim4\times10^{18}$ g and $2\times10^{19}$ g. In addition, our spectral analysis reveals a temporal variation of the line center of the narrow H$\alpha$ emission in both events. The variation amplitudes are at tens of $\mathrm{km\ s^{-1}}$, which could be ascribed to the chromospheric evaporation in one event, and to a binary scenario in the other one. With the total flaring energy determined from our photometric monitor, we show a reinforced trend in which larger the flaring energy, higher the CME mass is., Comment: 15 pages, 10 figures and 3 tables. Accepted by ApJ. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2106.04774

By the reaction of a rigid π-conjugated H4L linker (5,5′-(1,3,6,8-tetraoxobenzo[lmn][3],[8]phenanthroline-2-7-diyl)bis-1,3-benzenedicarboxylic acid), Cu(NO3)2, and N-donor auxiliary linkers, two new Cu-based coordination polymers (CPs), namely {[Cu(L)0.5(1,4-bib)(H2O)2]·0.5H2O}n (1) and {[Cu(H2L)(4,4′-bibp)(H2O)2]}n (2) {1,4-bib = 1,4-bis(1-imidazolyl)benzene, 4,4′-bibp = 4,4′-bis(imidazolyl)biphenyl} are synthesized under solvothermal conditions and characterized. Furthermore, the protective effect of compounds 1 and 2 on the sepsis mice model is evaluated and the related mechanism is explored. Firstly, the CFU counting assay is performed to detect the bactericidal effect of compounds 1 and 2 in vivo. Then, the ELISA assay is conducted to measure the release of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) into the plasma after treatment with the compounds.

The cross sections of state-selective charge exchange (CX) between highly charged ions and neutrals are important for modeling extreme ultraviolet and soft X-ray emissions in many astrophysical objects with hot plasma impacting cold media. By using cold-target recoil-ion momentum spectroscopy, we measure O6+ CX collisions with He and H2 in the collision energy range of 19.5 to 100 keV amu−1. The relative cross sections of state-selective single CX are reported for electron capture into O5+(1s 2 nl) n = 2, 3, 4, 5, ≥6 and n = 3, 4, 5, ≥6 for He and H2, respectively. With the collision energy increasing to 100 keV amu−1, the main capture channel shifts to higher n for both target species as compared to available theoretical results. We also report state-selective cross sections for double CX with He, where doubly excited states of O 4 + ( 1 s 2 nln ′ l ′ ) with nln ′ l ′ being 2s 2 (1S), 2s2p (1P), 2p 2 (1D), and 2p 2 (1S) [symmetric configurations] and 2s3l, 2p3l−2s4l, and 2s5l−2p5l [asymmetric configurations] are distinguished. It is found that the contributions of doubly excited states with asymmetric configurations are dominant and symmetric configurations increasingly come into play with the increase of collision energy. The present results provide experimental benchmarks available for theoretical calculations.

Multi-wavelength scattered light imaging of debris disks may inform dust properties including typical size and mineral composition. Existing studies have investigated a small set of individual systems across a variety of imaging instruments and filters, calling for uniform comparison studies to systematically investigate dust properties. We obtain the surface brightness of dust particles in debris disks by post-processing coronagraphic imaging observations, and compare the multi-wavelength reflectance of dust. For a sample of resolved debris disks, we perform a systematic analysis on the reflectance properties of their birth rings. We reduced the visible and near-infrared images of 23 debris disk systems hosted by A through M stars using two coronagraphs onboard the Hubble Space Telescope: the STIS instrument observations centering at 0.58 $\mu$m, and the NICMOS instrument at 1.12 $\mu$m or 1.60 $\mu$m. For proper recovery of debris disks, we used classical reference differential imaging for STIS, and adopted non-negative matrix factorization with forward modeling for NICMOS. By dividing disk signals by stellar signals to take into account of intrinsic stellar color effects, we systematically obtained and compared the reflectance of debris birth rings at ~90 deg scattering angle. Debris birth rings typically exhibit a blue color at ~90 deg scattering angle. As the stellar luminosity increases, the color tends to be more neutral. A likely L-shaped color-albedo distribution indicates a clustering of scatterer properties. The observed color trend correlates with the expected blow-out size of dust particles. The color-albedo clustering likely suggests different populations of dust in these systems. More detailed radiative transfer models with realistic dust morphology will contribute to explaining the observed color and color-albedo distribution of debris systems., Comment: 17 pages, 8 figures, 3 tables. A&A accepted

Online testing has been widely used in Chinese universities due to the development of distance education and the outbreak of COVID-19. The current research uses a design-based research (DBR) method aiming to design, implement, and assess remote proctoring of Chinese undergraduates and to further promote its effectiveness at Chinese universities. Across three iterations, a combination of qualitative data collection and analysis procedures were used to investigate the design of the remote proctoring. The results show that remote proctoring designers should add some new features to the remote proctoring and take into account test-takers’ mentality. Finally, the study provides implications in designing remote proctoring. © 2021 by the authors.

With the development of UAV technologies, the advantages of hybrid VTOL UAV have been realized and taken in emergency response. But, former hybrid VTOL UAV is lack of capacities on payload and endurance, which restrict the integration of multiple sensors. In this paper, a high payload fixed wing VTOL UAV, which has 20 kg payload and more than 3 hours endurance, is used to design a UAV system for emergency response. Multiple sensors including an optronics pod, PhaseOne IXM-100 camera, high accuracy inertial navigation system and three-axis stable head are integrated with it. Based on this, specific processing software is developed to process the video data and image which could meet the requirements of emergency response in different stages. Experiment results shown that the precision of mosaic image is about 10m and the precision of orthoimage is about 1m. This work could be reference for the design and practice of UAV system with multiple sensors.

We obtain some new necessary and sufficient conditions for a multi-weight weak type maximal inequality of the form $$\begin{aligned} \int _{\{ {x: \mathcal {M} f(x) > \lambda } \}} {\varphi (\lambda {\omega _1}(x))} {\omega _2}(x) \,d\mu \le {c} \int _X \varphi ({c}f(x){\omega _3}(x)){\omega _4}(x) \,d\mu \end{aligned}$$ in Orlicz classes, where $$\mathcal {M} f$$ is a Hardy–Littlewood maximal function defined on homogeneous type spaces. Our main result extends some known results.

颅内黏液样间叶性肿瘤是一种罕见的肿瘤，分子遗传学伴EWSR1与CREB家族基因融合。本文报道1例9岁男性患儿，小脑占位性病变，肿瘤结节状生长，界限清楚，肿瘤细胞椭圆形、梭形或星芒状，疏密不等，大部分呈条索状或疏松网状分布于黏液性间质中，间质内可见“石棉样”纤维，局灶细胞较丰富，呈片状排列。免疫组织化学结果：波形蛋白阳性，结蛋白及CD68部分阳性，上皮细胞膜抗原及CD99弱阳性，胶质纤维酸性蛋白、Olig2、S-100蛋白、平滑肌肌动蛋白、p63、CD34等均阴性，p53野生型表达，热点区Ki-67阳性指数约20%。分子表型：荧光原位杂交检测到EWSR1基因分离，二代测序检测出EWSR1-CREB1及SELENOW-EWSR1融合基因。病理诊断为伴EWSR1-CREB1融合的颅内黏液样间叶性肿瘤。术后7个月，患者状态良好，无复发及转移。诊断时应与脑膜瘤、胶质瘤、伴EWSR1-CREB家族基因融合的其他肿瘤及骨外黏液样软骨肉瘤等形态相似的肿瘤鉴别。.

Background: Severe tricuspid regurgitation (TR) is independently associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Percutaneous transcatheter approaches may offer an alternative for patients not amenable to surgery. Methods: TriCLASP is a prospective, single-arm, multicenter European post-market clinical follow-up study (NCT04614402) to evaluate the safety and performance of the PASCAL system (Edwards Lifesciences) in patients with severe or greater TR. At 30 days, a composite of major adverse events (MAEs) adjudicated by a clinical events committee, echocardiographic parameters adjudicated by core laboratory, and clinical, functional, and quality-of-life measures were evaluated. Results: Mean age of the 74 enrolled patients was 80.3 years, with 58.1% female, 90.5% systemic hypertension, and 77.0% in New York Heart Association (NYHA) class III/IV. Mean Society for Thoracic Surgeons score (MV repair) was 9.0%. TR severity was significantly reduced at discharge (p < 0.001) and sustained at 30 days (p < 0.001), and 90.0% of patients achieved ≤moderate TR. The composite MAE rate at 30 days was 3.0%, including 4 events in 2 patients: cardiovascular mortality 1.5%, stroke 1.5%, renal complications requiring unplanned dialysis or renal replacement therapy 1.5%, and severe bleeding 1.5%. There were no nonelective tricuspid valve reinterventions, major access site and vascular complications, major cardiac structural complications, or device embolizations. NYHA class I/II was achieved in 55.8%, 6-minute walk distance improved by 38.2 m (p < 0.001), and Kansas City cardiomyopathy questionnaire scores improved by 13.4 points (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Experience with the PASCAL transcatheter valve repair system in a European post-market setting confirms favorable safety and effectiveness at 30 days. TR significantly reduced, and clinical, functional, and quality-of-life outcomes significantly improved. This study is ongoing. Clinical Trial Registration: The study is ongoing and registered on ClinicalTrials.gov as NCT04614402. The current analysis is an interim report.

We present the highest fidelity spectrum to date of a planetary-mass object. VHS 1256 b is a $, Comment: Accepted ApJL Iterations of spectra reduced by the ERS team are hosted at this link: https://github.com/bemiles/JWST_VHS1256b_Reduction/tree/main/reduced_spectra

Gaps in circumstellar disks can signal the existence of planetary perturbers, making such systems preferred targets for direct imaging observations of exoplanets. Being one of the brightest and closest stars to the Sun, the photometric standard star Vega hosts a two-belt debris disk structure. Together with the fact that its planetary system is being viewed nearly face-on, Vega has been one of the prime targets for planet imaging efforts. Using the vector vortex coronagraph on Keck/NIRC2 in Ms-band at 4.67 $\mu$m, we report the planet detection limits from 1 au to 22 au for Vega with an on-target time of 1.8 h. We reach a 3 Jupiter mass limit exterior to 12 au, which is nearly an order of magnitude deeper than existing studies. Combining with existing radial velocity studies, we can confidently rule out the existence of companions more than ~8 Jupiter mass from 22 au down to 0.1 au for Vega. Interior and exterior to ~4 au, this combined approach reaches planet detection limits down to ~2-3 Jupiter mass using radial velocity and direct imaging, respectively. By reaching multi-Jupiter mass detection limits, our results are expected to be complemented by the planet imaging of Vega in the upcoming observations using the James Webb Space Telescope to obtain a more holistic understanding of the planetary system configuration around Vega., Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures, 1 table, A&A accepted. Contrast curve for 2018 observation available in anc folder. Happy Rabbit Year!

Scattered light imaging studies have detected nearly two dozen spiral arm systems in circumstellar disks, yet the formation mechanisms for most of them are still under debate. Although existing studies can use motion measurements to distinguish leading mechanisms such as planet-disk interaction and disk self-gravity, close-in stellar flybys can induce short-lived spirals and even excite arm-driving planets into highly eccentric orbits. With unprecedented stellar location and proper motion measurements from Gaia DR3, here we study for known spiral arm systems their flyby history with their stellar neighbours by formulating an analytical on-sky flyby framework. For stellar neighbors currently located within 10 pc from the spiral hosts, we restrict the flyby time to be within the past $10^4$ yr and the flyby distance to be within $10$ times the disk extent in scattered light. Among a total of $12570$ neighbors that are identified in Gaia DR3 for $20$ spiral systems, we do not identify credible flyby candidates for isolated systems. Our analysis suggests that close-in recent flyby is not the dominant formation mechanism for isolated spiral systems in scattered light., 14 pages, 4 figures, 2 tables, ApJS accepted. Data files for Table 2 in the ancillary folder. Code framework available at https://github.com/slinling/afm-spirals

Many new microbial species which are correlated with periodontitis have been identified in addition to the"red complex"cultured by conventional methods due to the development of high-throughput sequencing technology.随着高通量测序技术的发展，牙周致病菌除使用传统培养方法鉴定出的红色复合体外，许多新的与牙周炎存在较强相关性的微生物种属也相继被发现。其中，龈沟产线菌（

This systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to compare the clinical effect of surgical treatment of peri-implantitis alone or in combination with graft material. Literature searches were conducted up to June 20, 2020. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the clinical effects of open flap debridement (OFD) alone and OFD with adjunctive graft materials for the treatment of peri-implantitis were included. Probing depth (PD) changes and marginal bone level (MBL) changes were assessed and expressed as the standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence interval (CI). Subgroup analyses and sensitivity analyses were conducted. The search yielded 7419 articles, five of which were analysed quantitatively. The adjunctive use of graft materials in OFD did not provide additional PD improvements (SMD 0.46, 95% CI -0.13 to 1.05; P = 0.13), but did yield additional MBL improvements (SMD 1.04, 95% CI 0.71-1.37; P 0.01). The degradability of the material, number of implants included per patient, and risk of bias did not have significant effects on the results, but the origin of the material may affect the PD improvements. Based on the available evidence, the adjunctive use of graft materials in the surgical treatment of peri-implantitis can significantly improve MBL changes but not PD changes.

The state-resolved capture cross sections for principal n and orbital angular momentum l play an important role in modeling soft X-ray emissions induced by charge exchange for many astrophysical environments. However, the empirical and semiclassical theories used to produce these data of n- and l-resolved state-selective capture have not been well tested. Using the cold target recoil ion momentum spectroscopy apparatus at Fudan University, we perform a series of measurements of Ar8+ ion charge exchange with He in the collision energy range from 1.4 to 20 keV u−1. We find that electrons are mainly captured in the n = 4 state of Ar7+ ions. This agrees with the prediction of the scaling law for n capture. Moreover, the relative cross sections are reported for 4s-, 4p-, 4d-, and 4f-resolved state-selective capture. The often used analytical l distributions in the astrophysical literature are evaluated by comparing to the measurements.

This paper presents the global optimization of modular surface-mounted permanent magnet machines considering the effect of stator modularity on machine electromagnetic performances. In order to optimize the electromagnetic performance, the multi-objective genetic algorithm is adopted and 2D finite element method is used. Variables such as stator yoke height, tooth width, flux gap width, split ratio and rotor yoke thickness have been selected for the optimization. The objectives are to achieve maximized average torque, minimized torque ripple, copper loss and total machine mass. Amongst all the variables, the flux gap width is a key parameter which has significant impact on machine electromagnetic performance, but has not been included in the optimization process in the literature. The results in this paper have shown that considering the flux gap width in the optimization will lead to further improvement in machine electromagnetic performance. In addition, for machines with lower slot number than rotor pole number, the optimization process shows that an appropriate flux gap width is needed for optimal electromagnetic performance. However, for machines with higher slot number than pole number, the flux gap width tends to be zero, leading to non-modular machine having the optimal performance.

Over the past 10 years, Oosterhof and Todorov’s valence–dominance model has emerged as the most prominent account of how people evaluate faces on social dimensions. In this model, two dimensions (valence and dominance) underpin social judgements of faces. Because this model has primarily been developed and tested in Western regions, it is unclear whether these findings apply to other regions. We addressed this question by replicating Oosterhof and Todorov’s methodology across 11 world regions, 41 countries and 11,570 participants. When we used Oosterhof and Todorov’s original analysis strategy, the valence–dominance model generalized across regions. When we used an alternative methodology to allow for correlated dimensions, we observed much less generalization. Collectively, these results suggest that, while the valence–dominance model generalizes very well across regions when dimensions are forced to be orthogonal, regional differences are revealed when we use different extraction methods and correlate and rotate the dimension reduction solution. Protocol registration: The stage 1 protocol for this Registered Report was accepted in principle on 5 November 2018. The protocol, as accepted by the journal, can be found at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.7611443.v1. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.

The COVID-19 pandemic has increased negative emotions and decreased positive emotions globally. Left unchecked, these emotional changes might have a wide array of adverse impacts. To reduce negative emotions and increase positive emotions, we tested the effectiveness of reappraisal, an emotion-regulation strategy that modifies how one thinks about a situation. Participants from 87 countries and regions (n = 21,644) were randomly assigned to one of two brief reappraisal interventions (reconstrual or repurposing) or one of two control conditions (active or passive). Results revealed that both reappraisal interventions (vesus both control conditions) consistently reduced negative emotions and increased positive emotions across different measures. Reconstrual and repurposing interventions had similar effects. Importantly, planned exploratory analyses indicated that reappraisal interventions did not reduce intentions to practice preventive health behaviours. The findings demonstrate the viability of creating scalable, low-cost interventions for use around the world. Protocol registration: The stage 1 protocol for this Registered Report was accepted in principle on 12 May 2020. The protocol, as accepted by the journal, can be found at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.4878591.v1 © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.

Summary We can obtain elastic parameters through prestack amplitude versus offset (AVO) inversion, which is used to characterize the reservoir, so it is significant to obtain high precision elastic parameters in order to get highly reliable reservoir prediction result. In this paper, we develop a AVO inversion method based on Bayesian theory in ray parameter domain, whose output is density, P-wave impedance and Vp/Vs. These elastic parameters have high precision, which are valuable input for reservoir characterization because they are related to lithology and fluid content of the reservoir. In ray parameter domain inversion, the ray path of seismic wave propagation is considered polyline, which is more consistent with the actual situation, thus extracted amplitudes of P gathers used in inversion are more accurate. In addition, the reflection coefficient formula in ray parameter domain has higher precision when the incident angle is large. The inversion based on Bayesian theory can improve the stability of the inversion. Test on the actual data shows that the result of ray parameter domain inversion with a Bayesian scheme is more accurate, stable and reliable.

胃型极高分化型腺癌是一种罕见的胃腺癌，其特征是肿瘤腺体拥有良好黏液结构，细胞几乎没有核的异型性，与小凹上皮或幽门腺极为相似。胃型极高分化型腺癌分化程度好，由于尚无统一的病理诊断方法，术前活检病理诊断困难。本病例不仅术前重复活检两次，仍然未能明确诊断，而且病变呈黏膜下层肿瘤样，表面散在开口或呈蜂窝状改变，形态极为特殊，目前极少数文献报道。.

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