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This year nearly 86,000 persons in the US will be diagnosed with a primary brain tumor. Glioblastoma (GBM) is the deadliest and most common of these tumors in adults with overall survival around 15mos. Disease progression is inevitable, and effective second-line therapies are few. Delays in identifying progressed GBM risks neurologic decline, continuation of ineffective therapies, and increased tumor-mutational-burden, potentially rendering treatment less-effective. Brain tumor imaging can be ambiguous and is an active topic in neuro-oncology as there are currently no validated approaches to assessment of tumor treatment response. We present a single institution database including 622 gross-totally-resected GBMs (2006–2018) to evaluate changes in T2/FLAIR signal intensity (T2FSI), diffusion restriction, and contrast enhancement both in and around the resection cavity (RC) to determine earliest indicators of tumor progression. Analysis of NANO score was completed to correlate with predicted tumor progression. This is an early data release of an ongoing two-phased retrospective/prospective study with findings that support a novel integration of radiographic sequences and NANO to supplement established RANO criteria in earlier detection of GBM progression. Of 622 confirmed GBMs, 158 fit the rigorous criteria – included here are 58 cases. We report 70% (n=41) of patients show RC T2FSI correlating with restricted diffusion and increasing NANO score (0.5–1.4) as early as 3.8mos prior to and at time of radiographic progression, respectively. Previous studies have reported similar T2FSI but without associated NANO, less rigid inclusion criteria, and limited MRI sequences. We also report imaging phenomena, not previously described, such as FLAIR migration and FLAIR coring timed closely with progression. The proposed technique uses routine MRI, therefore readily standardized in clinical practice. With further validation, this novel integration of imaging and neurologic assessment might serve to supplement existing response criteria in GBM and improve clinician confidence in earlier detection of progression.

Buprenorphine is an opioid partial agonist used to treat opioid use disorder. While several policy changes have attempted to increase buprenorphine availability, access remains well below optimal levels. This study characterized how buprenorphine utilization in the United States has changed over time and whether there are regional disparities in distribution of the medication.The amount of buprenorphine distributed from 2007 to 2017 was obtained from the Drug Enforcement Administration's Automated Reports and Consolidated Ordering System. Data were expressed as the percent change and milligrams per person in each state. The formulations and cost for prescriptions covered by Medicaid (2008 to 2018) were also examined.Buprenorphine distributed to pharmacies increased about 7-fold (476.8 to 3179.9 kg) while the quantities distributed to hospitals grew 5-fold (18.6 to 97.6 kg) nationally from 2007 to 2017. Buprenorphine distribution per person was almost 20-fold higher in Vermont (40.4 mg/person) relative to South Dakota (2.1 mg/person). There was a strong association between the number of physicians authorized to prescribe buprenorphine and distribution per state (r[49] = +0.94, P .0005). The buprenorphine/naloxone sublingual film (Suboxone) was the predominant formulation (92.6% of 0.31 million Medicaid prescriptions) in 2008 but accounted for less than three-fifth (57.3% of 6.56 million prescriptions) in 2018.Although buprenorphine availability has substantially increased over the last decade, distribution was very nonhomogeneous across the United States.

AimsBuprenorphine is an opioid partial-agonist used to treat Opioid Use Disorders (OUD). While several state and federal policy changes have attempted to increase buprenorphine availability, access remains well below optimal levels. This study characterized how buprenorphine utilization in the United States has changed over time and whether there are regional disparities in distribution.MeasurementsBuprenorphine weights distributed from 2007 to 2017 were obtained from the Drug Enforcement Administration. Data was expressed as the percent change and as the mg per person in each state. Separately, the formulations for prescriptions covered by Medicaid (2008 to 2018) were examined.FindingsBuprenorphine distributed to pharmacies increased about seven-fold (476.8 to 3,179.9 kg) while the quantities distributed to hospitals grew five-fold (18.6 to 97.6 kg) nationally from 2007 to 2017. Buprenorphine distribution per person was almost 20-fold higher in Vermont (40.4 mg/person) relative to South Dakota (2.1 mg/person). There was a strong association between the number of waivered physicians per 100K population and distribution per state (r(49) = +0.76, p < .0005). The buprenorphine/naloxone sublingual film (Suboxone) was the predominant formulation (92.6% of 0.31 million Medicaid prescriptions) in 2008 but this accounted for less than three-fifths (57.3% of 6.56 million prescriptions) in 2018.ConclusionsAlthough buprenorphine availability has substantially increased over the last decade, distribution was very non-homogenous across the US.

The purpose of this study was to determine if different types of exercise and diet interventions promote greater changes in visceral adipose tissue (VAT). 54 sedentary women (34±8 yrs, BMI 35±6) we...

The purpose of this study was to determine if different diet and exercise programs differentially affect android and/or gynoid body composition changes in sedentary women. 54 sedentary women (34±8 ...

The purpose of this study was to determine if different diet and exercise programs differentially affect android and/or gynoid body composition changes in sedentary women. 127 sedentary women (46±12 yr, 45.5±5% body fat, BMI 35.1±5) were randomized to participate in a control group (C) or the Curves Complete® program with online support (CC), Weight Watchers® Points Plus (WW), Jenny Craig® (JC), or Nutrisystem® Advance Select™ (NS) weight loss programs for 12-wks. DEXA body composition with android (A) and gynoid (G) measurements were obtained. MANOVA revealed a significant time (p

The purpose of this study was to determine if different types of exercise and diet interventions promote greater changes in visceral adipose tissue (VAT). 127 sedentary women (46±12 yr, 45.5±5% body fat, 35.1±5 kg/m2) were randomized to participate in a control group (C) or the Curves Complete® program with online support (CC), Weight Watchers® Points Plus (WW), Jenny Craig® (JC), or Nutrisystem® Advance Select™ (NS) weight loss programs for 12-wks. DEXA body composition with VAT determination was obtained at 0 & 12 wks. MANOVA revealed significant (p=

Background Obesity is associated with many negative health outcomes. Diet and exercise has been shown to reduce obesity and various other factors linked to poor health. One of the major concerns is the expense of diet and exercise programs. This study compared the cost effectiveness of four popular weight loss programs and controls in terms of weight loss success and outcomes. Methods

Effects of immediate and delayed nutrient timing following resistance exercise on changes in mixed muscle fractional synthesis rate (FSR) in post-menopausal women participating in a weight loss program M Byrd, S Simbo, YP Jung, B Sanchez, M Cho, CW Lee, B Lockard, C Baetge, K Levers, E Galvan, A Jagim, JM Oliver, R Dalton, B Bessire, K Horrell, T Leopold, M Koozehchian, D Khanna, K Shimkus, W Gapinsky, M Perez, J Hart, S Riechman, J Fluckey, M Greenwood, C Rasmussen, R Kreider

21 sedentary women (59.8±5 yr, 43.7±3% body fat, 31.0±3 kg/m2) followed Curves Complete® energy-restricted diet (30% C, 45% P, and 25% F) while participating in a circuit resistance-training (3 d/w...

25 women (34±7 yrs, 89±19 kg; 43±5% body fat) were assigned to a high carbohydrate (HC, n=13) or high protein (HP, n=12) diet group. Subjects consumed 1,200 kcals/d for 1-wk and 1,500 kcals/d for 3...

The daily pattern of surface activity of banner-tailed kangaroo rats was measured by recording visits to automated feeders, which provided small quantities of millet. From November through March the activity pattern was nocturnal, with an early-evening peak and less activity during moon-up than moon-down. However, as a record drought developed and nights shortened in the spring, moonlight-avoidance ceased and nocturnal activity increased, with small amounts of daylight activity in May. Daylight activity increased during summer, becoming equal to night activity, then began to return to the usual nocturnal pattern at the same time as new vegetation appeared in response to summer rain.

Temporal aspects of nocturnal activity of bannertail kangaroo rats were measured in the field. Maximum activity was about twenty minutes aftyer sunset, thereafter declining throughout the night. Activity was about three times greater when the moon was down than when it was up. Activity shifted somewhat from the open to vegetation cover when the moon was up. Laboratory measures of activity from captive bannertails were also obtained. The activity of bannertails kept in small pens resambled corresponding aspects of the field data. Activity in wheels was unlike activity in the field, and the effects of a laboratory ‘moon’ were opposite to those of the real moon upon bannertails in the field.

The endogenous activity cycle of the nocturnal bannertail kangaroo rat was investigated. Although bannertail activity is a function of the lunar day as well as the solar day, all ten subjects exhibited free‐running activity periods of solar‐day length; there was no evidence of an endogenous lunar‐day cycle. Animals were provided with a burrow system and a small pseudo‐desert, a laboratory facility in which animal activity data closely resembled measurements taken in the field. Several analytical techniques for quantifying the data were utilized, and one, the mean interval of activity, is recommended to other investigators.

It is important to have information about the duration of the adaptation period required for stable running rates in activity wheels both for planning the length of experiments and for scheduling treatments following the adaptation period. Much activity research circumvents problems of apparatus differences by using each animal as its own control, allowing treatment effects to be expressed as a percentage of the activity during the adaptation period (e.g., Finger, 1951). But such percentages are influenced by the extent to which activity stabilized during adaptation. If it were still increasing, for example, treatment effects would be confounded with the irscrease. Even if mean group running rates showed no significant slope across days, unstable individual rates could impair the sensitivity of an experiment by contributing variability. Discussions of the length of adequate adaptation periods leave the impression that 10 to 21 days suff~ce. Munn (1950, p. 77), citing Shirley (1928b), wrote "She claimed that at least ten days of adaptation to the cages are essential." Hall (1961, p. 116; cites another article by Shirley (1928a) to the effect that young rats "require just nine days to become adapted to the activity wheel and older animals (100 days of age) require 15 days." Hall also discusses the work of Eayrs (1954) showing that 21 days may be required but points out that Eayrs used females, whose estrus cycle may have made the lengthy adaptation period necessary. In the course of several experiments it became dear that, while individual running races did stabilize, time periods in excess of the above were required. SS were 23 male albino rats born of pregnant females supplied by the Holtzman Co. All Ss were reared from birth in a 12-hr. light/dark cycle until age 60 days, when they were put in enclosed Wahmann LC-34 activity wheel units which have a small living cage acached to an activity wheel. All wheels were equated for frictional torque (Lacey, 1944) and modified as suggested by Lockard ( 1965 ) . The same light/dark cycle and other laboratory conditions dining rearing continued. Each S lived in a unit for 135 days. The first 80 were an adaptation period with constant conditions of ad lib. food, water, and wheel. On Day 81 Ss were shut off from the wheel by a sliding door for 2 to 6 days, after which the door was open for the remainder of the experiment. The adaptation conditions then continued through Day 129, after which 6 days of either food or

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