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Mixed-anion compounds widen the chemical space of attainable materials compared to single anionic compounds, but the exploration of their structural diversity is limited by common synthetic paths. Especially, oxychlorides rely mainly on layered structures, which suffer from low stability during photo(electro)catalytic processes. Herein we report a strategy to design a new polar 3D tetrahedral framework with composition Zn4Si2O7Cl2. We use a molten salt medium to enable low temperature crystallization of nanowires of this new compound, by relying on tetrahedral building units present in the melt to build the connectivity of the oxychloride. These units are combined with silicon-based connectors from a non-oxidic Zintl phase to enable precise tuning of the oxygen content. This structure brings high chemical and thermal stability, as well as strongly anisotropic hole mobility along the polar axis. These features, associated with the ability to adjust the transport properties by doping, enable to tune water splitting properties for photoelectrocatalytic H2 evolution and water oxidation. This work then paves the way to a new family of mixed-anion solids 135;26

International audience; We propose to demonstrate a video annotation tool tailored to lead climbing performances designed in collaboration with the French climbing federation (FFME). The tool is the result of several months of a user-centered design cycle fueled by remote meetings with a coach and an analyst of the federation, as well as in-person workshops involving athletes competing at the international level. It is used daily to quantify performances and analyze them. It enables reviewing a performance video and annotate it using a sequencer that consists of a list of buttons, each producing an annotation associated to a frame in the video. Annotations are visualized on a timeline to depict actions in the performance, and graphs summarize quantitative data to convey the gist of the performance such as the total or average grasping or resting time, and the climbing speed.; Nous proposons de faire la démonstration d’un outil d’annotation de vidéos d’escalade de difficulté, conçu en collaboration avec la fédération française de la montagne et de l’escalade (FFME). Cet outil est le fruit de plusieurs mois de collaboration s’appuyant sur une approche centrée utilisateur, des réunions en ligne avec une entraîneuse et un analyste de la FFME, ainsi que des journées de travail en personne incluant des athlètes se produisant au niveau international. Il est utilisé quotidiennement pour quantifier des performances et les analyser. Il permet de visionner la vidéo d’une performance et de l’annoter grâce à un panneau séquenceur qui est composé d’une liste de boutons, chacun produisant une annotation qui est associée à une image dans la vidéo. Toutes les annotations sont visualisées sur une ligne de temps pour représenter visuellement toutes les actions effectuées au cours de la performance, et des graphiques résument les données quantitatives entrées pour transmettre l’essentiel de la performance comme le temps moyen de saisie ou de relâche, ou encore la vitesse de grimpe.

Escherichia coli has traditionally been serotyped using antisera against the O and H antigens. However, a proportion of E. coli isolates are nonmotile and, in addition, some isolates do not react w...

This phase IB/II trial evaluated safety and efficacy of cobimetinib alone and in novel combinations with veneto-clax with/without atezolizumab in patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma. Forty-nine patients were enrolled. Cobimetinib alone and in combination with venetoclax with/without atezolizumab was determined to be safe and tolerable; anti-tumor activity was moderate overall but higher in patients with translocation t(11;14). Introduction: Mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway mutations are present in > 50% of patients with relapsed/refractory (R/R) multiple myeloma (MM). MEK inhibitors show limited single-agent activity in R/R MM; combi-nation with B-cell lymphoma-2 (BCL-2) and programmed death-ligand 1 inhibition may improve efficacy. This phase Ib/II trial (NCT03312530) evaluated safety and efficacy of cobimetinib (cobi) alone and in combination with veneto-clax (ven) with/without atezolizumab (atezo) in patients with R/R MM. Patients and Methods: Forty-nine patients were randomized 1:2:2 to cobi 60 mg/day on days 1-21 (n = 6), cobi 40 mg/day on days 1-21 + ven 800 mg/day on days 1-28 with/without atezo 840 mg on days 1 and 15 of 28-day cycles (cobi-ven, n = 22; cobi-ven-atezo, n = 21). Safety run-in cohorts evaluated cobi-ven and cobi-ven-atezo dose levels. Results: Any-grade common adverse events (AEs) with cobi, cobi-ven, and cobi-ven-atezo, respectively, included diarrhea (33.3%, 81.8%, 90.5%) and nausea (16.7%, 50.0%, 66.7%); common grade >= 3 AEs included anemia (0%, 22.7%, 23.8%), neutropenia (0%, 13.6%, 38.1%), and thrombocytopenia (0%, 18.2%, 23.8%). The overall response rate for all-comers was 0% (cobi), 27.3% (cobi-ven), and 28.6% (cobi-ven-atezo), and 0%, 50.0%, and 100%, respectively, in patients with t(11;14) + . Biomarker analysis demon-strated non-t(11;14) patient selection with NRAS /KRAS /BRAF mutation or high BCL-2/BCL-2-L1 ratio ( > 52% of the study population) could enrich for responders to the cobi-ven combination. Conclusions: Cobi-ven and cobi-ven-atezo demonstrated manageable safety with moderate activity in all-comers, and higher activity in patients with t(11;14) + MM, supporting a biomar ker-dr iven approach for ven in MM.

La hepatitis crónica por el virus de la hepatitis C (VHC) es un problema de salud mundial, afecta a más de 71 millones de personas en todo el mundo y se considera una de las principales causas de enfermedad hepática crónica. La Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) estimaba en 2015 una prevalencia mundial de infección crónica del 1%, con un rango de 0,5% a 2,3% según las distintas regiones1,2 . Existen grandes disparidades regionales en la prevalencia, ya que las áreas más expuestas son Egipto o Mongolia con el 15% de la población históricamente infectada. En estos países, la contaminación fue principalmente nosocomial debido a la ausencia de hemovigilancia en Mongolia o debido al tratamiento sistemático de la esquistosomiasis sin equipo de un solo uso en Egipto3 . Otras regiones, como África occidental o África central, tienen una prevalencia de 5–8% de la población. Las variaciones de la prevalencia de infección por VHC se mantienen en Europa oscilando desde 0,1% a 5,9% y siguiendo un patrón de menor prevalencia en el norte y mayor en el sur2,4 . En España, entre 2017 y 2018, la prevalencia de anticuerpos frente al VHC en población general era de 0,85% y la de infección activa de 0,22%; identificando un claro patrón por sexo y edad, con las prevalencias de anticuerpos frente a VHC más altas en varones de más de 50 años y en mujeres de más de 705 . Entre los factores de riesgo de transmisión de hepatitis C se incluyen el sexo masculino, haber recibido transfusiones sanguíneas con anterioridad a 1990, el uso de drogas por vía parenteral, portadores de tatuajes y/o piercings o tener relaciones sexuales de riesgo6 . La vía de diseminación intrafamiliar si bien es controvertida, parece no ser un factor de riesgo importante y no dependiente de la coinfección con el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH). Aun así, existe un subgrupo de pacientes en los que se desconoce el modo de transmisión. Entre 1990 y 2013, la hepatitis viral aumentó del décimo al séptimo lugar en todo el mundo como causa de muerte siendo incluso más alta que la mortalidad por infección por el VIH, la malaria y la tuberculosis7 . En ese momento fue la principal causa de mortalidad infecciosa en el mundo a pesar de que la prevalencia del VHC disminuyó de aproximadamente 170 millones de portadores crónicos en todo el mundo en 19998 a 71 millones en 20179 . Esta reducción en la prevalencia está relacionada con la reducción del riesgo de infección nosocomial, la mejora al acceso a un tratamiento antiviral, pero también a la mortalidad de los sujetos infectados.

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Cryptococcosis is a fungal disease affecting more than one million people per yearworldwide. Its main etiological agents are Cryptococcus neoformans species complex and Cryp-tococcus gattii species complex. Cryptococcal meningitis (CM) is considered an AIDS-definingcondition. Rapid diagnosis by cryptococcal antigen assays, either the latex agglutination test(LA) or the lateral flow assay, is key to decreasing mortality due to cryptococcal disease. Theaim of the study was to develop a latex agglutination reagent (LA-ANLIS) for the rapid and reliable diagnosis of cryptococcosis in Argentina. This reagent will be produced in order to supplythe NMLN (National Mycology Laboratory Network). The evaluation of LA-ANLIS performanceand its comparison with the Cryptococcus Antigen Latex Agglutination Test System (LA-IMMY)(Immuno-Mycologics, Inc., USA) were conducted in 94 samples of cerebrospinal fluid. LA-ANLISand LA-IMMY compared exhibited 100% positive agreement and 97% negative agreement. LA-ANLIS showed 94% sensitivity and 97% specificity with the positive and negative predictivevalues of 94% and 97%, respectively. The LA-ANLIS is a reliable, reproducible and cost-effectivereagent, especially useful in countries where the commercial kit is not generally available andmust be obtained at a high cost. National production of reagents is the best choice for a reliableaccess to the rapid diagnosis of CM in Argentina. Resumen La criptococosis es una enfermedad fúngica que afecta a más de un millón de personas por año en todo el mundo. Los principales agentes etiológicos pertenecen a los complejos de especies Cryptococcus neoformans y Cryptococcus gattii. La criptococosis meníngea (CM) se considera una enfermedad marcadora de sida. El diagnóstico rápido de esta enfermedad a través de la detección del antígeno de Cryptococcus, ya sea por aglutinación en partículas de látex o por inmunocromatografía, es clave para disminuir la mortalidad. El objetivo del presente estudio fue desarrollar un reactivo de aglutinación en partículas de látex para el diagnóstico rápido y certero de la CM en Argentina. Este reactivo (denominado en adelante LA-ANLIS) será producido para abastecer a la Red Nacional de Laboratorios de Micología. Se evaluó el desempeno del reactivo LA-ANLIS, y se realizó una comparación con el reactivo comercial Immuno-Mycologics, Inc. (en adelante, LA-IMMY) utilizando 94 muestras de líquido cefalorraquídeo. Hubo un 100% de acuerdo positivo y un 97% de acuerdo negativo entre los resultados obtenidos con los reactivos LA-ANLIS y LA-IMMY. El reactivo LA-ANLIS mostró una sensibilidad del 94% y una especificidad del 97%; los valores predictivos positivo y negativo fueron del 94 y del 97%, respectivamente. Se concluye que el LA-ANLIS es un reactivo confiable y rentable, que arroja resultados reproducibles, por lo que es especialmente útil en países donde los reactivos comerciales generalmente no están disponibles o sus costos son elevados. La producción nacional de reactivos es la mejor opción para asegurar el acceso de todos los hospitales al diagnóstico rápido de la CM en Argentina.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major public health problem worldwide for which the inci-dence and mortality are similar, pointing to the lack of effective treatment options. Knowing the different issues involved in the management of HCC, from risk factors to screening and manage-ment, is essential to improve the prognosis and quality of life of affected individuals. This document summarises the current state of knowledge and the unmet needs for all the different stakeholders in the care of liver cancer, meaning patients, relatives, physicians, regulatory agencies and health authorities so that optimal care can be delivered to patients. The document was commissioned by the International Liver Cancer Association and was reviewed by senior members, including two ex -presidents of the Association. This document lays out the recommended approaches to the societal management of HCC based on the economic status of a given region.(c) 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL). This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/4.0/).

Radioembolization (RE) is a medical treatment for primary and secondary liver can-cer that involves the transcatheter intraarterial delivery of micron-sized andradiation-emitting microspheres, with thegoal of improving microsphere depositionin the tumoral bed while sparing healthytissue. An increasing number of in vitroand in silico studies on RE in the literature suggest that the particle injection veloc-ity, spatial location of the catheter tip and catheter type are important parameters inparticle distribution. The present in silico study assesses the performance of a novelcatheter design that promotes particle dispersion near the injection point, with thegoal of generating a particle distribution that mimics the flow split to facilitatetumour targeting. The design is based on two factors: the direction and the velocityat which particles are released from the catheter. A series of simulations was per-formed with the catheter inserted at an idealised hepatic artery tree with physiologi-cally realistic boundary conditions. Two longitudinal microcatheter positions in thefirst generation of the tree were studied by analysing the performance of the cathe-ter in terms of the outlet-to-outlet particle distribution and split flow matching. Theresults show that the catheter with the best performance is one with side holes onthe catheter wall and a closed frontal tip. This catheter promotes a flow-split-matching particle distribution, which improves as the injection crossflow increases.

Previous studies on hospital food waste have focused on raising awareness among patients about this problem. The aim of the study was to quantify the food waste in a flexible and inflexible ordering system from a hospital located in the north of Spain in order to implement specific modifications to reduce the waste. The avoidable waste of 15 dishes was determined in the flexible (choice menu) and inflexible (basal diet) ordering system by weighing the avoidable waste from the same dish and diet by conglomerate. Milk, chicken and lunch fish generated more than 25% of plate waste and were classified as critical dishes, with the choice menu being the one that obtained the lowest percentages of waste. The implemented modifications in the case of milk (reducing the serving size) did not decrease the waste percentage. By contrast, the new chicken recipes and the increased fish variety in the inflexible ordering system decreased the plate waste in both dishes from 35.7% to 7.2% and from 29.5% to 12.8%, respectively. Identifying critical dishes, implementing actions to reduce the food waste and monitoring the progress are essential measures to decrease plate waste in hospitals.

Simple Summary Monoclonal gammopathy of clinical significance (MGCS) refers to a recently coined term describing a complex and heterogeneous group of nonmalignant monoclonal gammopathies. These patients are characterized by the presence of a commonly small clone and the occurrence of symptoms that may be associated with the clone or with the monoclonal protein through diverse mechanisms. This is an evolving, challenging, and rapidly changing field. Patients are classified according to the key organ or system involved, with kidneys, skin, nerves, and eyes being the most frequently affected. However, multiorgan involvement may be the most relevant clinical feature at the presentation or during the course. This review delves into the definition, history, differential diagnosis, classification, prognosis, and treatment of this group of entities by analyzing the evidence accumulated to date from a critical perspective. Monoclonal gammopathies of clinical significance (MGCSs) represent a group of diseases featuring the association of a nonmalignant B cells or plasma cells clone, the production of an M-protein, and singularly, the existence of organ damage. They present a current framework that is difficult to approach from a practical clinical perspective. Several points should be addressed in order to move further toward a better understanding. Overall, these entities are only partially included in the international classifications of diseases. Its definition and classification remain ambiguous. Remarkably, its real incidence is unknown, provided that a diagnostic biopsy is mandatory in most cases. In fact, amyloidosis AL is the final diagnosis in a large percentage of patients with renal significance. On the other hand, many of these young entities are syndromes that are based on a dynamic set of diagnostic criteria, challenging a timely diagnosis. Moreover, a specific risk score for progression is lacking. Despite the key role of the clinical laboratory in the diagnosis and prognosis of these patients, information about laboratory biomarkers is limited. Besides, the evidence accumulated for many of these entities is scarce. Hence, national and international registries are stimulated. In particular, IgM MGCS deserves special attention. Until now, therapy is far from being standardized, and it should be planned on a risk and patient-adapted basis. Finally, a comprehensive and coordinated multidisciplinary approach is needed, and specific clinical trials are encouraged.

Introducción: Los cambios de volumen inducidos por la radioembolización pueden aumentar la posibilidad de resección del tumor en pacientes con un futuro remanente hepático (FLR) insuficiente. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue identificar parámetros dosimétricos y clínicos asociados con atrofia del volumen tratado e hipertrofia contralateral del volumen no tratado después una radioembolización lobar o lobar extendida (del lóbulo derecho + segmento IV) con microesferas de resina de 90Y. Materiales y métodos: Estudio retrospectivo de pacientes estudiados mediante PET con 90Y tras radioembolización lobar o lobar extendida. Se realizó un análisis por vóxel 3D mediante un software específico (PLANET Dose; DOSIsoft SA), donde se obtuvieron parámetros dosimétricos tanto del volumen tumoral como del no tumoral hepático (NTL), incluyendo dosis media, la dosis mínima que recibe cierta cantidad del volumen (20, 50%, 70%, 90%, 95% del volumen tumoral o NTL) y el porcentaje de volumen tumoral o NTL que recibe cierta cantidad de Gray (30, 40, 50, 70, 100 y 120 Gy). Asimismo, se recogieron variables clínicas. Los pacientes fueron estratificados por FLR basal (T0-FLR)

Le dysfonctionnement mitochondrial est largement rapporté dans diverses maladies et contribue à leur pathogénèse. Nous avons évalué l'effet de la supplémentation en flavanols de cacao sur la fonction mitochondriale et l'ensemble du métabolisme, et nous avons exploré si la déacétylase mitochondriale sirtuine-3 (Sirt3) est impliqué ou non. Nous avons exploré les effets de 15 jours de supplémentation en CF dans le type sauvage et Sirt3 - / - souris. Le métabolisme du corps entier a été évalué par calorimétrie indirecte et une tolérance au glucose par voie orale test a été effectué pour évaluer le métabolisme du glucose. La fonction respiratoire mitochondriale a été évaluée dans les fibres perméabilisées et la teneur en nucléotides pyridiniques (NAD+ et NADH) ont été quantifiées. Dans le type sauvage, la supplémentation en CF a modifié de manière significative le métabolisme du corps entier en favorisant consommation de glucides et amélioration de la tolérance au glucose. La supplémentation en CF a induit une augmentation significative de la masse mitochondriale, tandis qu'une adaptation qualitative significative s'est produite pour maintenir H2O2 production et le stress oxydatif cellulaire. La supplémentation en CF a induit une augmentation significative de Contenu NAD+ et NADH. Tous les effets mentionnés ci-dessus ont été atténués chez les souris Sirt3 - / -. Collectivement, la supplémentation en CF a stimulé le métabolisme du NAD qui stimule le métabolisme des sirtuines et amélioration de la fonction mitochondriale, qui a probablement contribué au métabolisme du corps entier observé adaptation, avec une plus grande capacité à utiliser les glucides, au moins partiellement grâce à Sirt3. Mitochondrial dysfunction is widely reported in various diseases and contributes to their pathogenesis. We assessed the effect of cocoa flavanols supplementation on mitochondrial function and whole metabolism, and we explored whether the mitochondrial deacetylase sirtuin-3 (Sirt3) is involved or not. We explored the effects of 15 days of CF supplementation in wild type and Sirt3-/- mice. Whole-body metabolism was assessed by indirect calorimetry, and an oral glucose tolerance test was performed to assess glucose metabolism. Mitochondrial respiratory function was assessed in permeabilised fibres and the pyridine nucleotides content (NAD+ and NADH) were quantified. In the wild type, CF supplementation significantly modified whole-body metabolism by promoting carbohydrate use and improved glucose tolerance. CF supplementation induced a significant increase of mitochondrial mass, while significant qualitative adaptation occurred to maintain H2O2 production and cellular oxidative stress. CF supplementation induced a significant increase in NAD+ and NADH content. All the effects mentioned above were blunted in Sirt3-/- mice. Collectively, CF supplementation boosted the NAD metabolism that stimulates sirtuins metabolism and improved mitochondrial function, which likely contributed to the observed whole-body metabolism adaptation, with a greater ability to use carbohydrates, at least partially through Sirt3. 13;10

Chitosans, partially de-N-acetylated derivatives of chitin, are multifunctional biopolymers. In nature, biological activities of partially acetylated chitosan polymers are mediated in part by their oligomeric breakdown products, which are generated in situ by the action of chitosanolytic enzymes. Understanding chitosanolytic enzymes, therefore, can lead to the production of chitosan oligomers with fully defined structures that may confer specific bioactivities. To address whether defined oligomer products can be produced via chitosanolytic enzymes, we here characterized a GH8 family chitosanase from Bacillus spec. MN, determining its mode of action and product profiles. We found that the enzyme has higher activity towards polymers with lower degree of acetylation. Oligomeric products were dominated by GlcN3, GlcN3GlcNAc1, and GlcN4GlcNAc1. The product distribution from oligomers were GlcN3 > GlcN2. Modeling and simulations show that the binding site comprises subsites ranging from (−3) to (+3), and a putative (+4) subsite, with defined preferences for GlcN or GlcNAc at each subsite. Flexible loops at the binding site facilitate enzyme-substrate interactions and form a cleft at the active site which can open and close. The detailed insight gained here will help to engineer enzyme variants to produce tailored chitosan oligomers with defined structures that can then be used to probe their specific biological activities.

STUDY QUESTION What is the influence of age and chemotherapy regimen on the longitudinal blood anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) variations in a large series of adolescents and young adult (AYA) (15–24 years old) and non-AYA (25–35 years old) lymphoma patients? SUMMARY ANSWER In case of alkylating regimen treatment, there was a deep and sustained follicular depletion in AYA as well as non-AYA patients; however in both groups, the ovarian toxicity was extremely low in cases of non-alkylating treatments. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY AMH is now well-recognised to be a real-time indicator of ovarian follicular depletion and recovery in women treated by chemotherapy. Its longitudinal variations may discriminate between highly and minimally toxic protocols regarding ovarian function. It has been shown, in different cancer types, that age, type of chemotherapy regimen and pre-treatment AMH levels are the main predictors of ovarian recovery. Large studies on longitudinal AMH variations under chemotherapy in lymphoma patients are few but can provide the opportunity to assess the degree of follicle loss at a young age. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION This prospective cohort study was conducted in the Fertility Observatory of the Lille University Hospital. Data were collected between 2007 and 2016. Non-Hodgkin or Hodgkin lymphoma patients (n = 122) between 15 and 35 years old were prospectively recruited before commencing chemotherapy. Patients were treated either by a non-alkylating protocol (ABVD group; n = 67) or by an alkylating regimen (alkylating group; n = 55). PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Serial AMH measurements were performed at baseline (AMH0), 15 days after the start of chemotherapy (AMH1), 15 days before the last chemotherapy cycle (AMH2), and at time 3, 6, 9, 12, 18 and 24 months from the end of chemotherapy. The whole study population was divided into two groups according to age: AYA (15–24; n = 65) and non-AYA (25–35; n = 57). All patients received a once monthly GnRH agonist injection during the whole treatment period. A linear mixed model was used to account for the repeated measures of single patients. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE At baseline, non-AYA patients had higher BMI and lower AMH levels than AYA patients. All AYA and non-AYA patients having received ABVD protocols had regular cycles at 12 months of follow-up. In case of alkylating regimens, amenorrhoea was more frequent in non-AYA patients than in AYA patients at 12 months (37% vs 4%, P = 0.011) and at 24 months (24% vs 4%, P = 0.045). We distinguished a similar depletion phase from AMH0 to AMH2 between ABVD and alkylating groups but significantly different recovery phases from AMH2 to AMH + 24 months. AMH recovery was fast and complete in case of ABVD protocols whatever the age: AMH reached pre-treatment values as soon as the 6th month of follow-up in the AYA group (mean (95% CI) in log AMH M0 vs M6: 3.07 (2.86 to 3.27) vs 3.05 (2.78 to 3.31), P = 1.00) and in the non-AYA group (mean (95% CI) in log AMH M0 vs M6: 2.73 (2.40 to 3.05) vs 2.47 (2.21 to 2.74), P = 1.00). In contrast, no patients from the alkylating group returned to pre-treatment AMH values whatever the age of patients (AYA or non-AYA). Moreover, none of the AMH values post-chemotherapy in the non-AYA group were significantly different from AMH2. Conversely in the AYA group, AMH levels from 6 months (mean (95% CI) in log AMH: 1.79 (1.47 to 2.11), P LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION There was a large disparity in subtypes of protocols in the alkylating group. The average duration of chemotherapy for patients treated with alkylating protocols was longer than that for patients treated with ABVD. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS These results make it possible to develop strategies for fertility preservation according to age and type of protocol in a large series of young lymphoma patients. In addition, it was confirmed that young age does not protect against ovarian damage caused by alkylating agents. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This work was supported by Agence Régionale de Santé Hauts de France and Agence Onco Hauts-de-France who provided finances for AMH dosages (n° DOS/SDES/AR/FIR/2019/282). There are no competing interests. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER DC-2008-642 and CNIL DEC2015-112.

International audience; In addition to their well-known role in the control of cellular proliferation and cancer, cell cycle regulators are increasingly identified as important metabolic modulators. Several GWAS have identified SNPs near CDKN2A, the locus encoding for p16INK4a (p16), associated with elevated risk for cardiovascular diseases and type-2 diabetes development, two pathologies associated with impaired hepatic lipid metabolism. Although p16 was recently shown to control hepatic glucose homeostasis, it is unknown whether p16 also controls hepatic lipid metabolism. Using a combination of in vivo and in vitro approaches, we found that p16 modulates fasting-induced hepatic fatty acid oxidation (FAO) and lipid droplet accumulation. In primary hepatocytes, p16-deficiency was associated with elevated expression of genes involved in fatty acid catabolism. These transcriptional changes led to increased FAO and were associated with enhanced activation of PPARα through a mechanism requiring the catalytic AMPKα2 subunit and SIRT1, two known activators of PPARα. By contrast, p16 overexpression was associated with triglyceride accumulation and increased lipid droplet numbers in vitro, and decreased ketogenesis and hepatic mitochondrial activity in vivo. Finally, gene expression analysis of liver samples from obese patients revealed a negative correlation between CDKN2A expression and PPARA and its target genes. Our findings demonstrate that p16 represses hepatic lipid catabolism during fasting and may thus participate in the preservation of metabolic flexibility.