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At the level of the European Union, the implementation of circular economy principles is in early stages, despite the involvement of political decision-makers through the adoption, since 2015, of a set of dedicated policies and diff erent national government strategies. The waste of electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) recovery activity is of greater importance for countries that apply the principles of the circular economy, being a form of resource saving. The research focuses on analysing the main drivers of sustaining the circular economy of the electrical and electronic equipment (EEE) sector, pointing out the importance of resources effi cient use and waste recovery. Our panel dataset consider the period 2008-2020, for EU-27 countries. The analysis carried out highlights the importance of the EEE sector in implementing the principles of the circular economy by promoting products with medium and high level of technology and saving resources for households. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The analysis of the evolution of foreign trade is important for any economy, for political decision-makers to outline the development strategy in the short, medium and long term. Aspects such as the degree of commercial openness, the relationship with partner countries on intra-EU and Extra-EU dimensions, main exported and imported products, the degree of technology are very important in economic analyses and for defining the resilience and sustainable development potential of the national economy. In this research, we analyzed Romania's international trade relations in the post-accession period, with the main objective of identifying the main features, trends and structural changes of Romanian foreign trade, considering its potential for sustainable development of the national economy in the globalization context, but also the costs and efforts they entail for building resilience. The aim is to emphasize the foreign trade pattern during the last two biggest global crises, the economic crisis in 2008-2009 and the pandemic crisis in 2020-2022, as well as the structural changes and competitiveness of the foreign trade. The results show that foreign trade remains among the most important factors supporting robust recovery after a crisis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Romanian foreign trade was significantly changed after 1990. The privatization, economic restructuring and EU accession had an impact not only on the size and foreign trade diversity but also on the structure and commerce routes. Moreover, Romania's Integration in the European Union on January 1st, 2007, eliminates the trade barriers between member countries, increasing the trade relations within the region and facilitating the expansion of intra-industry trade. This paper aims to analyze the level and structure of foreign trade in Romania after 1989 by analyzing the dependency and the stability indicators. The Grubel Lloyd index is computed by type of ownership of fi rm's capital and specific activity of companies - export of high-tech products, inward processing transactions, etc. The main conclusion is that Romania should keep a right balance between dependency on EU single market and developing trade relations with other non-EU countries where it can have either an exceeding trade balance or comparative advantages based on high-tech exports. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper is focused on the export activity in Romania, in relation with labour market and technological intensity of manufacturing industries. At similar technological intensity, we analysed whether labour market segmentation takes place in relation with the form of capital ownership, i.e., higher attractiveness for employment in foreign capital firms due to the benefits of labour payment. The study reveals the existence of advantages; however, they are not significant to produce strong segmentation on the market, based on the often-erroneous perception of the potential and productive intent of foreign capital. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The sustainable development on export means both specific market share growth and use of high-qualified human resources, able to create quality goods for export as well as technological transfer and quality of work promotion for increasing companies' competitiveness on international markets. The scope of the paper is to analyze the impact of external trade in goods on employment in Romania. The research is based on companies' typology on main activity, ownership and technological level of exported goods. Special attention is devoted to the impact of fi rms with FDI and high-tech products on export dynamics and sustainability and quality of employment. To reach this goal, VAR models are being conducted, using R statistical software. The results of the analyses performed revealed an inverse relationship between export growth and developments in unit labor costs. The role of FDI in the economic development of a region and even of the economy cannot be disputed but exports provided by FDI fi rms remain rather limited by the restricted integrated value chains, mainly oriented to origin countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]