31 results on '"Büyükkileci, Ali Oğuz"'
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2. Designing of a Xylan/Chitosan Shell with a Curcumin-Loaded Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticle Core: Evading GIT pH and Providing Microbially-Activated Drug Delivery in the Colon
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Zeybek, Nuket, primary, Büyükkileci, Ali Oğuz, additional, Güleç, Sükrü, additional, Polat, Mehmet, additional, and Polat, Hurriyet, additional
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- 2022
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3. Lactate and ethanol productions by Rhizopus oryzae ATCC 9363 and activities of related pyruvate branch point enzymes
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Büyükkileci, Ali Oğuz, Hamamcı, Haluk, and Yucel, Meral
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- 2006
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4. KRİTİK ALTI SU İLE FINDIK ATIKLARINDAN ANTİOKSİDAN BİLEŞİKLERİN EKSTRAKSİYONU
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Sürek, Ece, Büyükkileci, Ali Oğuz, and Izmir Isntitute of Technology
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Fen ,Hazelnut,wastes,antioxidant activity,phenolics,subcritical water extraction ,Fındık,atık,antioksidan aktivite,fenolikler,kritik altı su ekstraksiyonu ,Science ,Gıda Bilimi ve Teknolojisi - Abstract
Türkiye fındık üretim ve ihracatında dünya lideridir. Fındığın tarımı ve işlenmesi sırasında büyük miktarda kabuk, zuruf ve dal gibi atıklar açığa çıkmaktadır. Bu atıkların çevre dostu bir teknoloji ile işlenmesi ve önemli ürünlerin üretilmesi katma değer sağlayabilir. Bu çalışmada, fındık atıklarının farklı sıcaklık (150-200?C) ve sürelerde (0-45 dk) kritik altı su ekstraksiyonu ile elde edilen likörlerinin toplam fenolik madde içeriği (TFİ) ve toplam antioksidan aktiviteleri (TAA) incelenmiştir. Genel olarak, kritik altı su ekstraksiyonu ile aseton ve metanol ekstraksiyonuna göre daha yüksek verim elde edilmiştir. Sıcaklık arttıkça fındık kabuğundan elde edilen TFİ ve TAA artmıştır. Süre artışı 180?C'de istatistiksel olarak önemli bir fark yaratmazken, 190?C'de TFİ süre arttıkça yükselmiştir (P, Turkey is the world leader in hazelnut production and export. Large amount of wastes such as shell, husk and prunings are produced during the agriculture and processing of hazelnuts. Treatment of hazelnut wastes using an eco-friendly technology and production of valuable products can add value to those. In this study, total phenolic content (TPC) and total antioxidant activity (TAA) in the liquors of hazelnut wastes from subcritical water extraction at different temperature (150-200?C) and time (0-45 min.) values were analyzed. Generally, higher yields were obtained by subcritical water extraction compared to solvent extraction. As temperature increased, TPC and TAA obtained from shells increased. Increase in time did not have a statistically significant effect at 180C; however, TPC increased significantly with time at 190?C (P
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- 2017
5. Extraction, Characterization of Phytochemicals from Medicinal Plants and Determination of Their Anti-Carcinogenic Effects
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Ahmad, Bilal, Büyükkileci, Ali Oğuz, and Sukru Gulec
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- 2017
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6. KRİTİK ALTI SU İLE FINDIK ATIKLARINDAN ANTİOKSİDAN BİLEŞİKLERİN EKSTRAKSİYONU
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BÜYÜKKİLECİ, Ali Oğuz, primary and SÜREK, Ece, additional
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- 2018
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7. Modeling of glycolysis
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Batur, Ayşem, primary, Hamamcı, Haluk, additional, (Şahin), Ceylan Büyükkileci, additional, and Büyükkileci, Ali Oğuz, additional
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- 2016
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8. KRİTİK ALTI SU İLE FINDIK ATIKLARINDAN ANTİOKSİDAN BİLEŞİKLERİN EKSTRAKSİYONU.
- Author
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Sürek, Ece and Büyükkileci, Ali Oğuz
- Abstract
Turkey is the world leader in hazelnut production and export. Large amount of wastes such as shell, husk and prunings are produced during the agriculture and processing of hazelnuts. Treatment of hazelnut wastes using an eco-friendly technology and production of valuable products can add value to those. In this study, total phenolic content (TPC) and total antioxidant activity (TAA) in the liquors of hazelnut wastes from subcritical water extraction at different temperature (150-200°C) and time (0-45 min.) values were analyzed. Generally, higher yields were obtained by subcritical water extraction compared to solvent extraction. As temperature increased, TPC and TAA obtained from shells increased. Increase in time did not have a statistically significant effect at 180°C; however, TPC increased significantly with time at 190°C (P <0.05). The combined effect of temperature and time on hazelnut shells was examined in a single variable by calculating logarithmic value of severity factor (log Ro). TPC (905.3-2115.7 mg GAE/100 g shell) and TAA (8163.9-12261.5 mg TE/100 g shell) increased with log Ro. Turkey is the world leader in hazelnut production and export. Large amount of wastes such as shell, husk and prunings are produced during the agriculture and processing of hazelnuts. Treatment of hazelnut wastes using an eco-friendly technology and production of valuable products can add value to those. In this study, total phenolic content (TPC) and total antioxidant activity (TAA) in the liquors of hazelnut wastes from subcritical water extraction at different temperature (150-200°C) and time (0-45 min.) values were analyzed. Generally, higher yields were obtained by subcritical water extraction compared to solvent extraction. As temperature increased, TPC and TAA obtained from shells increased. Increase in time did not have a statistically significant effect at 180°C; however, TPC increased significantly with time at 190°C (P <0.05). The combined effect of temperature and time on hazelnut shells was examined in a single variable by calculating logarithmic value of severity factor (log Ro). TPC (905.3-2115.7 mg GAE/100 g shell) and TAA (8163.9-12261.5 mg TE/100 g shell) increased with log Ro. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2018
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9. Optimization of exo-polygalacturonase production from orange peel by Aspergillus sojae
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Tari, Canan, GÖĞÜŞ BAĞIŞ, NİHAN, DEMİR, HANDE, Lahore, Marcello Fernandez, and BÜYÜKKİLECİ, ALİ OĞUZ
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- 2010
10. Investigation of sugar metabolism in Rhizopus oryzae
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Büyükkileci, Ali Oğuz, Hamamcı, Haluk, Harsa, Hayriye Şebnem, and Diğer
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Biyomühendislik ,Ethanol ,Bioengineering ,Rhizopus oryzae ,Biyoteknoloji ,Biotechnology - Abstract
Rhizopus oryzae, yüksek miktarda L(+)-laktik asit üretirken, yan ürün olarakda etil alkol üreten filementli bir küftür. Bu organizmanın pirüvat ayrılma noktasınıanlamak amacıyla değişik aşı ve glikoz derişimlerinde fermantasyonlar yapıldı.Düşük aşı derişiminde (1x103 spor/ml) yüksek laktat derişimi (78 g/l) eldeedilebilirken yüksek etil alkol derişimleri (37 g/l) yüksek inoculum derişimlerinde(1x106 spor/ml) elde edildi. Yüksek aşı konsantrasyonlarında (1x105 and 1x106 sporml-1) çalışma hacminin düşürülmesi laktat üretimini artırdı, ama hacim değişikliğidüşük aşı derişimlerde (1x103 and 1x104 spor/ml) etki göstermedi.R. oryzae'nın düşük glikoz derişimlerindeki fizyolojisi çalkalamalı kültür vefermentörde incelendi. Çalkalamalı kültürde, düşük başlangıç glikoz derişimlerindebiyokütle verimi yüksek, laktat ve etil alkol verimleri düşük oldu. Başlangıç glikozderişimini yükselterek daha yüksek laktat ve etil alkol derişimleri elde edildi.Aljinata tutuklanmış yarı kesikli R. oryzae kültürlerinde glikoz çok düşükderişimlerde tutuldu. Çalkalamalı kültürdekine benzer şekilde, glikoz derişimidüştükçe laktat ve etil alkol derişimi düşmüş, biyokütle verimi yükseldi. Glikozderişimi birden artırıldığında, pirüvat ayrılma noktası enzimlerinin faaliyeti vemetabolit derişimlerinde artışa sebep oldu. Yarı-kesikli kültürde, daha Yüksekbiyokütle verimi (0.25 g kuru hücre ağırlığı/g glikoz)elde edildi.Laktat dehidrogenaz, aşı derişiminden ve glikoz konsantrasyonundan pirüvatdekarboksilaz ve alkol dehidrogenaza göre daha fazla etkilenmiştir. Bu enzim laktatüreten kültürde daha yüksek aktivite gösterdi. Laktat dehidrogenazın tersine, pirüvatdekarboksilaz ve alkol dehidrogenaz düşük glikoz konsantrasyonlarında bile yüksekaktivite gösterdi. Rhizopus oryzae is a filamentous fungus, which can produce high amounts ofL(+) lactic acid and produces ethanol as the main by-product. In an effort tounderstand the pyruvate branch point of this organism, fermentations under differentinoculum and glucose concentrations were carried out.At low inoculum size (1x103 spores/ml), high amount of lactate (78 g/l) wasproduced, whereas high ethanol concentration (37 g/l) was obtained at high inoculumsizes (1x106 spores/ml). Decreasing working volume increased lactate productionsignificantly at high inoculum sizes (1x105 and 1x106 spores/ml), but did notinfluenced the physiology at low inoculum sizes (1x103 and 1x104 spores/ml).In shake flask cultures, at low initial glucose concentrations biomass yieldwas high and lactate and ethanol yields were low. Higher lactate and ethanol andlower biomass yields were obtained by increasing the initial glucose concentrations.In alginate immobilized, semi-continuous cultures with cell retention, glucose levelin the medium was kept at low values. Like in shake flask cultures, as the glucoseconcentration decreased lactate and ethanol yields decreased and biomass yieldsincreased. Increasing the glucose concentration by a pulse of glucose causedincreases in branch point enzyme activities, as well as in concentrations of themetabolites. In fed batch cultures higher biomass yield (0.25 g DCW/g glucose)could be obtained.Lactate dehydrogenase was influenced by the inoculum size and glucoseconcentration more than pyruvate decarboxylase and alcohol dehydrogenase. Itshowed higher activity at lactate producing fermentations. Unlike lactatedehydrogenase, pyruvate decarboxylase and alcohol dehydrogenase showed highactivity even at low glucose concentrations. 94
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- 2007
11. UTILIZATION OF WHITE GRAPE POMACE FOR LACTIC ACID PRODUCTION.
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Bayrak, Emrah and Büyükkileci, Ali Oğuz
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LACTIC acid , *FERMENTATION , *GLUCOSE - Abstract
White grape pomace (WGP) contains high amount of soluble carbohydrates (glucose and fructose), which can potentially be used as a carbon source in the fermentative production of bio-based chemicals. In this study, this waste was valorized by lactic acid (LA) production by Lactobacillus casei. Adding WGP directly into the culture medium at a solid loading of 10% yielded 33.3 g/L LA. Water extract of WGP allowed comparably faster LA production. Increasing the solid loading in the extraction step increased the LA titers, however, it had a significant negative effect on the production rate. In all cases, fructose was consumed at a slower rate as compared to glucose. Yeast extract powder was required at a concentration of 10 g/L to support LA production. Alternatively, baker's yeast was autolyzed and the lysate was successfully used as the nitrogen source. The findings show that WGP can be regarded as a sustainable plant-based feedstock for LA production by casei, however, the probable negative effect of other pomace constituents should be avoided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2018
- Full Text
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12. Lactobacillus casei NRRL B441 ile peynir altı suyundan L(+) laktik asit üretimi
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Büyükkileci, Ali Oğuz, Harsa, Hayriye Şebnem, Diğer, TR29392, and Izmir Institute of Technology. Biotechnology and Bioengineering
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Lactic acid industry ,Lactic acid bakteria ,Whey ,Fermentation ,QR121 .B89 2000 ,Lactic acid ,Fermentation products industry ,Biyoteknoloji ,Lactobacillus casei ,Biotechnology - Abstract
Thesis (Master)--Izmir Institute of Technology, Biotechnology, Izmir, 2000, Includes bibliographical references (leaves: 62-65), Text in English;Abstract: Turkish and English, xii, 68 leaves, Lactic acid, its derivatives and poly-lactic acid are widely used in the industry. Lactic acid has been produced chemically or by fermentation for many years. However, there is a need to develop low cost production and purification methods. The development and use of processes with high productivity and product yield from inexpensive carbohydrate sources can lead to a more feasible lactic acid production.The goal of this work was to find the most suitable values of some fermentation parameters for lactic acid production from whey by an L-lactic acid producing bacterium, Lactobacillus casei. Whey is the by-product of cheese production and it is inexpensive and year-round available.Fermentations were conducted in the fermenter and shake flasks to determine the optimum values for temperature and pH. The highest lactic acid productivity values were obtained at 37 a1C and pH 5.5. The productivity was 2.0 g r1 h-1 at 37 a1C in the shake flask. In the fermenter, a productivity of 4.6 g r1 h-1 was obtained at pH 5.5. The effect of yeast extract concentration was also examined. Although the productivity values were found to be slightly higher (approximately 1.8-2.0 g r1 h-1 with 0.75 and 1.0% (w/v), 0.5% (w/v) yeast extract concentration with a productivity figure of 1.75 g r1 h-1 was concluded to be the most feasible concentration, since yeast extract is an expensive material.1. casei was tested for its capability to utilize different substrates, particularly whey, synthetic lactose and synthetic glucose. Whey yielded a higher productivity value of 1.75 g r1 h-1 than the synthetic sugars.The effect of initial substrate concentration on lactic acid production was examined up to 10% (w/v) whey lactose. Lactose was utilized completely for every initial substrate concentration examined in this study. Product yields were between 0.89-0.94 g lactic acid (g lactose r1 The salt effect was examined by discarding one of the salts (K2HP04, KH2P04, MgS04 or MnS04"H20) from the medium at each run. The lactic acid production was poor in the absence of MnS04.Seed culture that had the same composition as the fermentation medium was used as the inoculum for the fermenter. With this seed culture greater productivity values were obtained than the shake flasks, which were inoculated with litmus milk culture. In the shake flasks the highest productivity was around 2.0 g r1 h-1, while in the fermenter a productivity value of 4.6 g r1 h-1 could be obtained with 12.5% inoculum at pH 5.5. Biomass growth was investigated in lactose synthetic medium. The lactic acid production was associated with the biomass growth up to a certain time, but then a non-growth associated lactic acid production was observed. Maximum specific growth rate was calculated as 0.32 h-1.
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- 2000
13. Contributions to modelling of glycolytic pathway of saccharomyces cerevisiae
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Büyükkileci, Ceylan, primary, Büyükkileci, Ali Oğuz, additional, and Hamamcı, Haluk, additional
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- 2012
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14. Screening of aroma profiles for artisanal yogurt starter cultures
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Baran, Ezgi, primary, Büyükkileci, Ali Oğuz, additional, and Harsa, Şebnem, additional
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- 2012
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15. Growth characteristics determination for in vitro and pilot-scale growth of the potential probiotic, Enterococcus faecium to be used in fish aquaculturing
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Hamamci, Haluk, primary, Büyükkileci, Ali Oğuz, additional, and Aytekin, Nihal Destan, additional
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- 2012
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16. Comparison of liquid hot water, very dilute acid and alkali treatments for enhancing enzymatic digestibility of hazelnut tree pruning residues
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Kevser Sabanci, Ali Oguz Buyukkileci, Izmir Institute of Technology, Sabancı, Kevser, Büyükkileci, Ali Oğuz, and Izmir Institute of Technology. Food Engineering
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0106 biological sciences ,Environmental Engineering ,020209 energy ,Hazelnut tree pruning residue ,Bioengineering ,02 engineering and technology ,Cellulase ,Alkalies ,Saccharification ,Lignin ,01 natural sciences ,Trees ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Residue (chemistry) ,Hydrolysis ,Corylus ,Lignocellulosic biomass valorization ,010608 biotechnology ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Hemicellulose ,Cellulose ,Hazelnut tree ,Waste Management and Disposal ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Chromatography ,biology ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,Water ,General Medicine ,Alkali metal ,Refuse Disposal ,Enzyme ,chemistry ,biology.protein ,Pretreatment - Abstract
WOS: 000433211600019, PubMed: 29660656, The effect of pretreatments on the composition of the hazelnut tree pruning residue (HTPR) and on the digestibility of the cellulose was investigated. The liquid hot water (LHW) and the very dilute acid (VDA) treatments were effective in solubilizing hemicellulose. The cellulose conversion increased up to around 60% (corresponding to 32-36 g/L glucose) with decreasing hemicellulose concentration in the pretreated HTPR. The alkali treatment provided partial delignification, however, the glucose production was comparably lower. Combining the hemicellulose removal and the delignification effect of different pretreatments in two-stage processes (LHW-alkali and VDA-alkali treatments) enhanced the cellulose concentration in the solids, but not the amount of glucose released in the enzymatic digestion. These results suggested that the hemicellulose was the main barrier against the conversion of cellulose in the LHW and VDA treated HTPR and the glucose in the hydrolysis medium inhibited the cellulase activity, which prevented the complete conversion of cellulose.
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- 2018
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17. Organosolv treatment for prebiotic oligosaccharide production from agro-food waste
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Temelli, Nuran, Büyükkileci, Ali Oğuz, and Gıda Mühendisliği Ana Bilim Dalı
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Functional foods ,Food Engineering ,Food additives ,Gıda Mühendisliği - Abstract
Prebiyotik karbonhidrat olan ksilooligosakkaritler (KOS), lignoselülozik tarım vegıda atıklarındaki ksilan polisakkaritinin hidroliz edilmesiyle üretilir. Alkaliekstraksiyona dayanan enzimatik hidroliz ve otohidroliz kullanılan yöntemler çeşitlikısıtlara sahiptir. Bu çalışmada bu kısıtları aşabilecek olan bir yöntem geliştirilmesihedeflenmiştir. Model olarak kullanılan mısır koçanı organosolv önişlemindengeçirilmiştir. Organosolv şartları (çözgen derişimi, süre, sıcaklık, katalizör ilavesi)biyokütledeki lignini uzaklaştıracak ancak ksilanın biyokütlede kalmasını sağlayacakşekilde ayarlanmıştır. Uygun şartlarda ligninin %40-%50'si ayrılabilirken ksilan yaklaşık%85 oranında katıda kalmıştır. İşlem görmüş biyokütle üç ticari ksilanaz ile hidrolizedilerek organosolv işleminin KOS üretimine etkisi belirlenmiştir. Organosolv veenzimatik hidroliz şartlarının toplam KOS üretiminde etkili olduğu görülmüştür. Enverimli KOS üretimi 150°C'de 1 sa %70 etanol ve 0,1M MgO varlığında organosolvişlemi görmüş biyokütle ile elde edilmiştir. Bu biyokütlenin 70°C'de 0,6 U/ml ksilanazile geçekleştirilen enzimatik hidrolizi sonucu ksilanın %70'si dönüştürülerek 9,5 g/l KOSiçeren hidrolizat elde edilmiştir. Geliştirilen yöntem sayesinde ksilanın ekstraktedilmesine ihtiyaç duyulmadığı için derişik alkali ya da asit gibi kimyasallarkullanılmayacak ve otohidroliz yöntemindeki gibi çok yüksek sıcaklıklar kullanılmadığıiçin karbonhidrat bozunma ürünleri oluşmayacaktır. Bunlar ürün saflaştırma aşamalarınıkolaylaştıracak ve çevreye zararlı kimyasal atık miktarını azaltacaktır. Süreçte lignincezengin bir sıvı faz ve selülozca zengin katı faz oluşmaktadır ve ksilan ile beraber bunlarda değerlendirilerek biyorafineri yaklaşımıyla lignoselülozik atıklara katma değerkazandırılabilir. Bu çalışmanın devamında ürünün saflaştırılması ve prebiyotik etkilerininbelirlenmesi için projeler geliştirilmesi planlanmaktadır. Ayrıca geliştirilen süreç diğerlignoselülozik atıklar üzerinde de test edilecektir. Xylooligosaccharides (XOS), which are among the prebiotic carbohydrates, areproduced by hydrolysis of xylan in the lignocellulosic agricultural and food wastes.Production processes, such as autohydrolysis and enzymatic hydrolysis following alkaliextraction, have some limitations. In this study, it was aimed to develop a process thatcould overcome those limitations. Corn cob was used as the model biomass and it waspretreated with organosolv. The organosolv pretreatment conditions (solventconcentration, time, temperature, catalyst addition) were adjusted to maximize the ligninremoval from the biomass while recovering xylan in the biomass. Delignification couldbe achieved with 40%-50% lignin removal, and around 85% of the xylan was retained inthe biomass. The effect of the organosolv conditions on XOS formation was investigatedby the hydrolysis of the pretreated biomass using three commercial xylanases. Theorganosolv and the enzymatic hydrolysis conditions influenced the XOS formation. Themaximum XOS production was observed with the biomass pretreated at 150°C for 1 hwith 70% ethanol and 0.1 M MgO. That biomass was enzymatically hydrolyzed at 70°Cwith 0.6 U/ml xylanase and 70% of the xylan was converted to XOS yielding ahydrolysate containing 9.5 g/l XOS. With the process developed in this study, the needfor the application of concentrated alkaline and acidic solutions can be eliminated sincethe xylan extraction step is not needed. In addition to that, the formation of carbohydratedegradation products can be avoided due to the lower treatment temperatures comparedto autohydrolysis. These can simplify the downstream processing following theproduction of XOS and minimize the environmentally harmful chemical wastes. In thisprocess, a liquid stream rich in lignin and a solid stream rich in cellulose were released.Following a biorefinery concept, these streams can potentially be valorized together withthe xylan, so that lignocellulosic wastes can have an added value. This study will befollowed by related projects on XOS purification and determination of the prebioticpotential of XOS. In addition to that, the process developed will be tested on otherlignocellulosic wastes. 76
- Published
- 2020
18. Nitzschia sp. ve Nanofrustulum shiloi'nin farklı stres koşulları altında yağ içeriğinin belirlenmesi
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Şahin, Mustafa Süha, Conk Dalay, Meltem, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Dalay, Meltem, Büyükkileci, Ali Oğuz, İmamoğlu, Esra, and Biyoteknoloji Anabilim Dalı
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Deniz Bilimleri ,Nitzschia Sp ,Su Ürünleri ,Fucoxanthin ,Fukoksantin ,Yağ ,Lipid ,Nanofrustulum Shiloi ,Microalgae ,Aquatic Products ,Marine Science ,Diyatomlar ,Lipit ,Biyoteknoloji ,Biotechnology - Abstract
Mikroalgler besin zincirinin birinci halkasını oluşturan ticari öneme sahip mikroskobik canlılardır. Mikroalglerin diğer bir kolu olan diyatomlar, ökaryotik canlılar olup, tek hücreli yada koloni halinde yaşarlar. Diğer mikroalglerden ayıran en önemli özellikleri, bol miktarda silis içermeleridir. Ticari değere sahip olup, petrol işleri, deniz suyu kirlilik oranı tespiti, kozmetik kremler, gıda sanayisi, inşaat sanayisinde oldukça rağbet görmektedir. Ayrıca sahip olduğu yağ içeriği, biyodizel alanındaki çeşitli çalışmalarda kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada kesikli üretimde Nitzschia sp. ve Nanofrustulum shiloi'nin ışık yoğunluğu gibi fiziksel ve azot, demir ve bakır gibi farklı kimyasal konsantrasyonların spesifik büyüme hızı, ikilenme süresi, karotenoid miktarı, biyokütle ve yağ içeriğindeki değişimlerin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Türlerin kendi kültür ortamları ve farklı stres koşulları altında hazırlanan kültürler içerisinde, morfolojik ve biyokimyasal içerikleri belirlenmiştir. Çalışmada optik yoğunluk, hücre sayımı, fukoksantin, klorofil-a, yağ miktarlarındaki değişimler belirlenmiştir. HPLC-DAD cihazı yardımıyla karotenoidlerdeki değişimler ve ARGEFAR GC-FID cihazıyla da toplam yağ asit içerikleri belirlenmiştir. Kültürler ortam sıcaklığı 20±1ºC ve pH 8.2-8.5 sabit tutularak, ışık şiddeti 30 ile 300 μmol m-2 sec-1 arası, azot 0 ile 2 g L-1, demir 0 ile 15,8 mg L-1, bakır 0 ile 1,49 mg L-1 konsantrasyonları kullanılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda Nitzschia sp. için en iyi spesifik büyüme hızı, azot konsantrasyonunun 2 g L-1 olduğu stress koşulunda, 0,27 gün-1 çıkmıştır. Nanofrustulum shiloi için en iyi spesifik büyüme hızı ise azot konsantrasyonunun 2 g L-1 olduğu stress koşulunda 0,36 gün-1 olarak belirlenmiştir. İkilenme süreleri için yapılan hesaplamalarda, Nitzchia sp. için en iyi değer azot konsantrasyonunun 2 g L-1 olduğu stres koşulunda, 2,54 gün çıkmıştır. Nanofrustulum shiloi için azot konsantrasyonunun 2 g L-1 olduğu stres koşulunda, 1,88 gün olduğu belirlenmiştir. Biyokütle ölçümlerinde ise çıkan sonuçlarda, Nitzschia sp. için en iyi sonuç bakır konsantrasyonunun 1,49 mg L-1 koşulunda 0,27 g L-1, Nanofrustulum shiloi için azot konsantrasyonunun 2 g L-1 koşulunda 0,68 g L-1 olduğu görülmüştür. Yapılan fukoksantin HPLC ölçümlerinde Nitzschia sp. için en yüksek değer düşük ışık şiddetinde 8,47 mg mL-1, Nanofrustulum shiloi için en yüksek değer demir konsantrasyonunun 15,8 mg L-1 olduğu stres koşulunda 7,83 mg mL-1 ölçülmüştür. Yüzdesel yağ içeriği olarak ise Nitzschia sp. için en yüksek değer azot konsantrasyonunun 2 g L-1 stres koşulunda %37,8, Nanofrustulum shilio için ise demir konsantrasyonunun 15,8 mg L-1 olduğu koşulda %17,8 olduğu görülmüştür. Nitzschia sp.'nin doymuş yağ asidi yüzdesi en yüksek, ışık yoğunluğunun 30 μmol m-2 sec-1 olduğu stres koşulunda %67,3 , tekli doymamış yağ asidi yüzdesi en yüksek, bakır konsantrasyonunun 1,49 mg L-1 olduğu stres koşulunda %63,6 , çoklu doymamış yağ asidi yüzdesi en yüksek, demir konsantrasyonunun 0 g L-1 olduğu stres koşulunda %9,71 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Nanofrustulum shiloi'nin doymuş yağ asidi yüzdesi en yüksek, bakır konsantrasyonunun 1,49 mg L-1 olduğu stres koşulunda %74,4 , tekli doymamış yağ asidi yüzdesi en yüksek, azot konsantrasyonunun 0 g L-1 olduğu stres koşulunda %37,4 , çoklu doymamış yağ asidi içeriği en yüksek, bakır konsantrasyonunun 1,49 mg L-1 olduğu stres koşulunda %20,2 olarak hesaplanmıştır., Microalgae are microscopic organisms with commercial value that constitute the first pace of the food chain. Diatoms, substation of microalgae, are eukaryotic organisms and live in a colony or single cell. Their most important feature is that they contain plenty of silica. It has commercial value and is very popular in petroluem Works, sea water pollution rate determination, cosmetic product, food industry and construction industry. In addition, the oil content that it possesses has led to various studies in the production of biodiesel. In this study, batch culture of Nitzschia sp. and Nanofrustulum shiloi are aimed to determine the specific growth rates of different chemical concentrations, such as light and nitrogen, iron and copper, as well as the changes in the content of carotenoid, biomass and fatty acids content. Morphological and biochemical contents of cultures prepared under different culture conditions and different stress conditions of the species have been determined optical density, cell count, fucoxanthin, chlorophyll-a, amount of total fatty acids were measured. The changes in carotenoids with the help of HPLC-DAD and the total fatty acids content were determined with ARGEFAR GC-FID. The cultures were incubated at ambient temperature of 20 ± 1ºC and pH 8.2-8.5 with light intensity of 30 to 300 μmol m-2 sec-1, nitrogen 0 to 2 g L-1, iron 0 to 15.8 mg L-1, copper 0 to 1.49 mg L-1 concentrations were used. As a result of the study, Nitzschia sp., the best specific growth rate was 0.27 days-1 under the stress condition that the nitrogen concentration was 2 g L-1. The best specific growth rate for the Nanofrustulum shiloi was 0.36 days-1 in the stress condition where the nitrogen concentration was 2 g L-1. The best value for the doubling time of Nitzchia sp. is 2.54 days-1 where stress condition that the nitrogen concentration was 2 g L-1. It was determined that the nitrogen concentration for the Nanofrustulum shiloi was 1.88 days under the stress condition of 2 g L-1. For biomass weights, the best value for Nitzschia sp. is 0.27 g L-1 where copper concentration was 1.49 mg L-1 and the best value for Nanofrustulum shiloi is 0.68 g L-1 where nitrogen concentration is 0.68 g L-1. HPLC measurements showed that Nitzschia sp. the highest value was measured as 8.47 mg mL-1 at low light intensity and 7.83 mg mL-1 at the stress condition where the highest iron concentration was 15.8 g L-1 for the Nanofrustulum shiloi. The fat content for Nitzschia sp. was found to be 37.8% in 2 g L-1 nitrogen concentration. For Nanofrustulum shiloi was found to be 17.8% in 15.8 g L-1 iron concentration. The highest percentage of saturated fatty acid in the Nitzschia sp. was found to be 67.3% in the stress condition with the light intensity of 30 μmol m-2 sec-1, the highest percentage of monounsaturated fatty acid was 63,6% in the stress condition of copper concentration was 1.49 mg L-1, the highest percentage of polyunsaturated fatty acid was 9.71% in the stress comdition of iron concentration was 0 g L-1. The highest percentage of saturated fatty acid in the Nanofrustulum shiloi was found to be 74.4% in the stress condition of copper concentration was 1,49 mg L-1, the highest percentage of monounsaturated fatty acid was 37.4% in the stress condition of nitrogen concentration was 0 g L-1, the highest percentage of polyunsaturated fatty acid was 20.2% in the stress comdition of copper concentration was 1.49 mg L-1.
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- 2018
19. Production of xylooligosaccharides by autohydrolysis of hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) shell
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Ali Oguz Buyukkileci, Ece Surek, TR29392, Sürek, Ece, Büyükkileci, Ali Oğuz, and Izmir Institute of Technology. Food Engineering
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0106 biological sciences ,Hot Temperature ,Polymers and Plastics ,020209 energy ,Hazelnut shell ,Severity factor ,Oligosaccharides ,Glucuronates ,02 engineering and technology ,macromolecular substances ,Xylose ,Furfural ,01 natural sciences ,Husk ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Corylus ,Xylooligosaccharides ,010608 biotechnology ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Materials Chemistry ,Lignin ,Nuts ,Food science ,Cellulose ,Chromatography ,Hydrolysis ,Organic Chemistry ,food and beverages ,Hazelnut residues ,Xylan ,chemistry ,Autohydrolysis ,Corylus avellana ,Xylooligosaccharide - Abstract
Hazelnut shell (HS), husk and pruning residues were characterized and evaluated for xylooligosaccharides (XOS) production by autohydrolysis. HS contained the highest amount of xylan and yielded more XOS compared to other hazelnut residues. The temperature and holding time of HS autohydrolysis greatly influenced the composition of the liquor and the remaining solid. The highest XOS yield (62% of the feedstock xylan) was obtained at 190 °C and 5 min of holding time. At this temperature, 30 min of holding time was required to maximize the percentage of XOS with low degree of polymerization. Xylose, acetic acid and furfural concentrations increased with treatment severity. The concentrations of the products in the autohydrolysis liquors followed specific trends with changing severity factor (log Ro) values. Solubilization of xylan in the treatments enhanced the cellulose and lignin contents in the remaining solids.
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- 2017
20. Exploitation of agricultural wastes and by-products for production of Aureobasidium pullulans Y-2311-1 xylanase: Screening, bioprocess optimization and scale up
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Ali Oguz Buyukkileci, Yekta Göksungur, Sirma Yegin, Sayit Sargin, TR29392, Büyükkileci, Ali Oğuz, and Izmir Institute of Technology. Food Engineering
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0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,Environmental Engineering ,Bioreactor ,01 natural sciences ,Aureobasidium pullulans ,03 medical and health sciences ,010608 biotechnology ,Response surface methodology ,Food science ,Bioprocess ,Beet pulp ,Waste Management and Disposal ,biology ,Bran ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,business.industry ,Xylanase ,biology.organism_classification ,Biotechnology ,Bioprocess optimization ,030104 developmental biology ,Aeration ,business - Abstract
The potential of several agricultural wastes and by-products (wheat bran, oat bran, corn cob, brewer’s spent grain, malt sprout, artichoke stem, sugar beet pulp, olive seed, cotton stalk and hazelnut skin) was examined as the substrate for xylanase production by Aureobasidium pullulans Y-2311-1. Based on the screening studies, wheat bran was selected as the best substrate for further optimization studies. The effects of initial medium pH, temperature and incubation time on xylanase production in shake flask system were optimized by response surface methodology (RSM). The optimum levels of the process variables defined by the model (initial medium pH, 4.24; temperature, 30.27 °C; and incubation time 126.67 h) resulted in production of 85.19 U/ml xylanase. Taking the RSM optimized parameters in shake-flask scale into consideration; xylanase production was scaled up to bioreactor system with a working volume of 1.5 l. The peak of enzyme production was achieved after 126 h incubation that has previously been determined by RSM studies at shake flask level. Furthermore, the optimum levels of agitation and aeration in bioreactor system was found as 200 rpm and 1.5 vvm. Maximum enzyme production was close to 85 kU/l which could be translated into a productivity of 0.68 kU/l/h. No previous work considered the statistical optimization of xylanase production by A. pullulans on wheat bran and scale up of the bioprocess to a bioreactor system, Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TOVAG 112O521); Ege University Science and Technology Center-EBILTEM 2013/BIL/025
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- 2017
21. Dilute-Acid Hydrolysis of Apple, Orange, Apricot and Peach Pomaces as Potential Candidates for Bioethanol Production
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Can Ucuncu, Hande Demir, Canan Tari, Ali Oguz Buyukkileci, Banu Ozen, TR29392, TR44768, Üçüncü, Can, Tarı, Canan, Demir, Hande, Büyükkileci, Ali Oğuz, Özen, Banu, and Izmir Institute of Technology. Food Engineering
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chemistry.chemical_classification ,Central composite design ,Agro-industrial wastes ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,business.industry ,Fruit pomaces ,Pomace ,Bioethanol ,Bioengineering ,Tricoderma harzianum ,Furfural ,Hydrolysate ,Reducing sugar ,Biotechnology ,Biomaterials ,Hydrolysis ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Ethanol fuel ,Fermentation ,Food science ,Dilute acid hydrolysis ,business - Abstract
Chemical composition of four selected fruit pomaces (agro-industrial wastes) was evaluated. The effect of temperature, time, acid concentration and solid:liquid (S:L) ratio on dilute-acid hydrolysis of selected pomaces were investigated using 24 factorial and central composite design and optimum hydrolysis conditions were determined. A preliminary study was initiated using apple hydrolysate and the fungus Tricoderma harzianum in order to explore and demonstrate their potential uses in bioethanol production. Chemical composition of pomaces was promising as fermentation media. The highest reducing sugar yield from the optimization step was 31%, 49%, 56% and 52% for apple, apricot, orange and peach pomaces, respectively under optimum hydrolysis conditions. Neither furfural nor hydroxmethylfurfural (HMF) were detected in hydrolysates. The highest bioethanol production (1.67 g/L) was obtained in 6 days in a non-static incubator using Tricoderma harzianum pregrown in minimal medium. It was demonstrated that selected pomaces holds potential for bioethanol production and can be eliminated without being potential waste problem to the environment, with economical return. Although, this work is an initial study in showing the potential of these pomaces and T. harzianum in bioethanol production, an extensive study on the optimization of fermentation parameters is recommended for further increase of bioethanol production. Copyright © 2013 American Scientific Publishers All rights reserved., KONFRUT Fruit Juice Concentrates and Purees Inc.; Izmir Institute of Technology
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- 2013
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22. Extraction of phytochemicals from Scolymus hispanicus and determination of potential health effects
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Ahmad, Bilal, Büyükkileci, Ali Oğuz, Güleç, Şükrü, and Biyoteknoloji Ana Bilim Dalı
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Biyoteknoloji ,Biotechnology - Abstract
Şevketi Bostan (Scolymus hispanicus) Türkiye'de gıda olarak tüketilen tıbbi bir bitkidir. Yerel halk tarafından çeşitli rahatsızlıkların giderilmesinde uzun yıllarıdır kullanılmaktadır. Geçmişte ilaç formundaki kök kabuğu özütleri böbrek taşı düşürmek için kullanılmıştır. Sadece kök kabuğu yenmekte, toprak üstü kısmı ve kök ortası atık olarak kabul edilmektedir. Toplama zamanı ve bitkinin olgunluğunun bu bitkinin fitokimyasal kompozisyonuna etkisi daha önce incelenmemiştir. Ayrıca, önceki çalışmalarda sadece yenilen kısımdaki biyoaktif bileşenler analiz edilmiş, atıklar (kök ortası ve toprak üstü kısım) daha önce analiz edilmemiştir. Bu çalışmada, Kasım 2016 – Temmuz 2017 arası hasat edilmiş S. hispanicus'un toprak üstü, kök ortası ve kök kabuğu etanol özütlerinde çeşitli fitokimyasallar ve toplam antioksidan aktivite ölçülmüştür. Kök ve toprak üstü kısımlarda baskın olan fitokimyasallar farklı olurken, fitokimyasallar hasat zamanından değişen seviyelerde etkilenmiştir. Toplam fenolik madde ve toplam antioksidan aktivite toprak üstü kısımda köklere göre daha yüksekken, toplam triterpenoidler kök kabuğu ve kök ortası dokularında daha yüksek olmuştur. İnce tabaka kromatografisi analizi ekstraktlarda serbest triterpenoid olmadığını göstermiştir, ancak triterpenoid içermesi muhtemel glikozitler bulunmaktadır. S. hispanicus'un ham ekstraktı Caco-2 hücresi büyümesinde sitotoksik etki göstermiştir. Sonuçlar, bu ekstraktların kolon kanseri üzerinde potansiyel koruyucu etkileri olabileceğini düşündürmektedir. Golden thistle (Scolymus hispanicus) is an edible medicinal plant growing in Turkey. It has been in use since decades for the treatment of various disorders by local folks. In the past the extracts from the root barks of S. hispanicus were in use in the form of a medicine for the removal of kidney stones. Its root barks are the only eaten part and the root internal and aerial parts are considered as residues. The effect of harvesting time and plant maturity on phytochemicals composition of this plant have not been studied before. Besides that, in previous studies only the edible part was analyzed for bioactive constituents and the residues (aerial parts and root internal parts) have not been analyzed before. In this study, various phytochemicals and total antioxidant activities in the ethanol extracts of aerial parts, root barks and root internal tissues of S. hispanicus harvested from November 2016 to July 2017 were measured. The dominant phytochemicals were different in the roots and the aerial parts, whereas phytochemicals were influenced differently by the harvesting time. Total phenol contents and total antioxidant activities were higher in the aerial parts than the root parts, while total triterpenoid contents were higher in root barks and root internal tissues. Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) analysis showed that there were not any free triterpenoids in the extracts, however there were glycosides, which may have contained triterpenoids. The crude extracts of S. hispanicus showed cytotoxic effects on Caco-2 cells growth. The results suggested that these extracts might have potential preventative effects on colon cancer. 76
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- 2017
23. Polysaccharide based packaging film for fresh cut produce
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Şamli, Merve, Harsa, Hayriye Şebnem, Büyükkileci, Ali Oğuz, and Gıda Mühendisliği Ana Bilim Dalı
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Food packaging ,Carboxymethylcellulose ,Lignocellulosic structure ,Food Engineering ,Hemicellulose ,Lignocellulose ,Gıda Mühendisliği - Abstract
Bu tezde, enginarın kullanılmayan kısımlarından (sapları, yaprakları) yararlanılarak taze kesilmiş enginarda kullanılabilecek nitelikte biyobozunur paketleme malzemesi geliştirilmiştir. Enginar atıklarının hafif bazik koşullarda muamele edilmesi sonucunda elde edilen selüloz, hemiselüloz, lignin ve vaks fraksiyonları film oluşturulmasında kullanılmıştır. Ayrıca, enginardan özütlenen selüloz liflerine uygulanan kimyasal dönüşüm işlemi ile sodyum karboksimetil selüloz elde edilmiştir. Mikro boyutta selüloz liflerinin (boyu 50-200 μm ve eni 10-30 μm) üretimi için çevre dostu mekanik bir işlem (Masuko mekanik parçalayıcı, -100 μm aralığında dişlilerden 5 kez besleme) kullanımının uygun olduğu gösterildi. Bu fraksiyonlar, film çözeltilerinde polisakkarit bazlı hammadde olarak kullanıldı. Faktoriyel tasarım temelli deneysel tasarım tekniğinden yararlanılarak, tüm denemeler içerisinden dört adet en uygun içerik belirlendi. Temelde mikrofibril selüloz ve karboksi metil selülozdan oluşan ve önceki denemeler sonucunda belirlenen en uygun koşullarda üretilen filmlerin tercih edilebilir nitelikte esneklik (%16 uzama), kopma mukavemeti ve düşük gaz geçirgenliği (150ml O2 / m2.gün) özellikleri gösterdiği tespit edildi. Vaks, stearik asit, kitosan gibi katkıların ve plastikleştirici olarak gliserolün değişik konsantrasyonlarda ilaveleri ve bunların film oluşturabilme özellikleri üzerine etkileri incelendi. Seçilen filmlerin, taramalı elektron mikroskobu görüntüleri filmlerin pürüzsüz yüzeye, yoğun, sıkı ve tekdüze bir kesite sahip olduğunu gösterdi. Termal analizler sonucunda, enginardan elde edilen -mikrofibril selüloz haricindeki- tüm ürünlerle yapılan filmlerin 200- 250C sıcaklık aralığında ısıl yapışma özelliği gösterdiği, ancak mikrofibril selüloz ilavesi yapılan filmlerin, ısıl yapışma özelliğini kaybettiği görüldü. Sonuç olarak, mikrofibril selüloz ve karboksil metil selüloz içeren karışıma gliserol, stearik asit ve vaks ilavesi halinde elde edilen filmin üretilen filmler arasında en uygun malzeme olduğuna karar verildi. In this thesis, agro industrial wastes such as bracts and leaves of artichoke were used to develop biodegradable packaging materials for fresh-cut artichokes. As film forming materials; cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and wax fractions were extracted by using mild alkaline treatment applied to artichoke wastes. Carboxy methyl cellulose was chemically synthesized from extracted cellulose fiber. A mechanical process (Masuko Supermasscolloider, at -100 μm grind size via 5 times feeding) with minimum environmental impact was selected to obtain cellulose micro fibrils with micro sized dimensions (50-200 μm in length and 10-30 μm in width). These fractions used as polysaccharide sources in film forming solutions. Different combinations of these polysaccharide based film materials were optimized using General Factorial Design and four film combinations were selected among the films produced. Selected films were MFC and CMC based having good elasticity (16 % strain), tensile strength and low gas permeability properties (150ml O2 / m2.day). Different concentrations of additives such as wax, stearic acid, chitosan were used with the glycerol addition of plasticizer. SEM analyses of selected films showed films having smooth surface and dense structure by looking their cross sectional area. Thermal analyses proved sealability of films obtained by extracted fractions from artichoke at 200-250 C temperature intervals. But, presence of MFC in films hindered the heat sealing ability. Therefore, MFC and CMC based films successfully showed optimal properties when they were combined with glycerol, stearic acid and wax. 173
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- 2017
24. Prebiotic oligosaccharide production from hazelnut wastes
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Sürek, Ece, Büyükkileci, Ali Oğuz, and Gıda Mühendisliği Ana Bilim Dalı
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Food Engineering ,Gıda Mühendisliği - Abstract
Türkiye fındık üretiminde dünya lideri olup bu ürünün hasadı ve işlenmesi sırasında büyük miktarda atık açığa çıkmaktadır. Bu atıklardan değerli ürünler elde edilmesi katma değer yaratacaktır. Bu çalışmada, hedef ürün olarak ülkemizde üretimi olmayan, prebiyotik özellik taşıyan ksilooligosakkarit (KOS) seçilmiştir. Fındık tarımı ve işleme endüstrilerinin atıkları (kabuk, zuruf ve budama atıkları) prebiyotik özellikli KOS eldesi için iyi birer kaynaktır. Fındık atıklarının değerlendirilmesi ile ilgili çalışmalar olsa da fındık atıklarından KOS üretimi konusunda herhangi bir çalışma bulunmamaktadır. Bu çalışmada kabukta bulunan ksilan otohidroliz ve enzimatik hidroliz kullanılarak farklı koşullarda hidroliz edilmiştir. En yüksek KOS verimi %62.93 olarak 190 oC'de 5 dk. otohidroliz ile elde edilmiştir. Düşük polimerizasyon dereceli (DP
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- 2017
25. Xylan degredation mechanism of human intestinal bacteria
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Polat, Nüket, Büyükkileci, Ali Oğuz, Güleç, Şükrü, and Biyoteknoloji Ana Bilim Dalı
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Biyoteknoloji ,Biotechnology - Abstract
Ksilan, selülozun yanında doğada en çok bulunan ikinci bitki hücre duvarıpolisakkaritidir. Tarım, orman ve endüstriyel atıklardan elde edilen ksilanca zenginlignoselülozik materyal, ucuz ham madde eldesi sağlamaktadır.Ksilan parçalanması, insan kolonik ekosisteminde yaşayan mikrobiyaltoplulukların devamının sağlanmasına katkıda bulunan önemli bir süreçtir. Karmaşık,uzun zincirli yapısından ve içerdiği çeşitli kimyasal bağlardan dolayı, ksilan hidrolizifarklı enzimatik faaliyetler gerektirmektedir. Kolonda yaşayan, insan sağlığı açısındanyararlı olan probiyotik türler, örneğin Bifidobacterium ve Lactobacillus türleri; ksilanparçalması gerçekleştirememektedir. Ancak, kolonda yaşayan ve kolonda ikinci büyükyoğunluğa sahip olan Bacteroides türleri tarafından çeşitli ksilan tiplerikullanılmaktadır.Bu çalışmada farklı Bifidabacterium ve Bacteriodes türlerinin birlikte kültüreedildiklerinde kayın kerestesi ve mısır koçanı ksilanı parçalama yetenekleriniincelenmiştir. Bacteroides ve Bifidobacterium, karbon kaynağı olarak ksilanınbulunduğu tüpte kültüre edilmiştir. Ksilan'ı kullanma yeteneğine sahip olmayan B.animalis subsp. lactis'in, ksilan içeren ortamda Bacteroides türleri ile birlikte kültüreedildiğinde büyüyebildiği gözlenmiştir. Besiyerindeki ksilanın Bacteroides türleritarafından KOS'a ayrıldığı ve oluşan KOS'un her iki tür tarafından bir karbon kaynağıolarak kullanıldığını göstermiştir. Birlikte kültür edilmiş bakterilerin, kısa zincirli yağasidi ve laktik ve süksinik asit üretim profilleri tek kültürlerden farklı olmuştur, bu dabirlikte kültürün olumlu bir etkisini göstermektedir.Bu çalışma, kolonda bulunan farklı bakterilerin çapraz beslenmesinin bir sonucuolarak, ksilan'ın kolondaki yararlı bakterilerin büyümesini seçici olarak uyarabilenpotansiyel bir prebiyotik karbonhidrat olduğunu göstermiştir. Xylan is the second most abundant plant cell wall polysaccharide after cellulose.The xylan rich lignocellulosic material obtained from agriculture, forestry and industrialwastes provides cost effective raw materials.The degradation of xylan in the human body is an important process contributingto the continuation of the microbial communities living in the human colonicecosystem. Due to its complex, long chain structure and the various chemical bonds itcontains, xylan hydrolysis requires different enzymatic activities. Bacteria that live inthe colon and are useful for human health, such as Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillusspecies can not perform xylan utilization. However, several types of xylan are utilizedby the Bacteroides species, which have the second largest density in the colon.In this study, different Bifidabacterium and Bacteriodes species wereinvestigated for their ability to degrade beechwood xylan and corncob xylan.Bifidabacterium and Bacteriodes were cultured together in tubes containing xylan as thesole carbon source. It was observed that; the B. animalis subsp. lactis, which does nothave the ability to use the xylan, could grow when cultured on xylan-containing mediumwith Bacteroides species. These showed that, the xylan in the media was degraded intoxylooligosaccharides by the Bacteroides species and the XOS formed was used as acarbon source by both species. The short chain fatty acid and lactic and succinic acidproduction profiles of co-cultures were different than the mono cultures, indicating apositive effect of co-culturing.This study showed that xylan is a potential prebiotic carbohydrate, which canselectively stimulate the growth of beneficial bacteria in the colon, as a result ofpossible cross feeding of different bacteria residing in the colon. 78
- Published
- 2017
26. Pretreatment methods for valorization of hazelnut pruning wastes
- Author
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Doğru, Kevser, Büyükkileci, Ali Oğuz, and Gıda Mühendisliği Ana Bilim Dalı
- Subjects
Food Engineering ,Agricultural wastes ,Bioethanol ,Gıda Mühendisliği - Abstract
Türkiye, fındık üretiminde dünya lideri olup bu ürünün hasadı ve işlenmesi sırasında büyük miktarda atık açığa çıkmaktadır. Fındık budama atıklarının büyük bölümü tarlalarda sadece yakılarak değerlendirilmektedir. Bu atıkların değerlendirilmesi ve etanol gibi katma değeri yüksek ürünlere dönüştürülmesi ekonomiye fayda sağlayabilir. Mikroorganizmalar tarafından fermantasyon yolu ile üretilen etanol ümit verici bir alternatif biyoyakıttır. Üretiminde genellikle kolay fermente edilebilen karbonhidratlar kullanılırken, atık bitkisel biyokütlenin kullanılmasına yönelik bir eğilim vardır. Lignoselülozik biyokütledeki selüloz, hemiselüloz ve lignin ile karmaşık ve kuvvetli bir yapı oluşturduğundan, selüloz erişilebilirliğinin arttırılması için önişlem gereklidir. Sıvı sıcak su (SSS) işlemi, etanol fermantasyonundan önce selülozun glikoza enzimatik hidrolizini kolaylaştırmak için gerekli olan önişlem proseslerinden biridir. Organosolv, SSS önişlemine benzer olmakla birlikte ortama sadece su yerine etanol-su karışımı eklenerek yapılan bir önişlemdir. SSS hemiselülozları lignoselülozik yapıdan bir miktar uzaklaştırabilirken, H2SO4 ilavesi hemiselülozun uzaklaşmasında daha ekili olmuştur. Organosolv, hemisellülozun yanı sıra ligninin de uzaklaştırılmasında etkili olmuştur. Asit katalizörü, SSS uygulamasında olduğu gibi organosolv uygulamasında da hemiselülozun çözünürlüğünü geliştirmiştir. Asit katalizörü eklenerek uygulanan organosolv ile, fındık budama atıklarının selüloz içeriği %67.91'e yükselmiştir. Bu örnek %87.32'lik glikoz dönüşüm verimliliği ile hidroliz edilmiştir. Saccharomyces cerevisiae kullanılarak etanol üretimi için ortam olarak 60.63 g/L glikoz içeren sıvı kullanılmıştır. Fermantasyon işleminde 6 saat sonra 22.2 g/L etanol elde edilerek teorik verim 83.49% olarak hesaplanmıştır. Bu sonuçlar, fındık budama atığının etanol üretimi için bir hammadde olarak kullanılma potansiyeline sahip olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Turkey is the world leader in hazelnut production and a large amount of residues is produced during its harvesting and processing. So far, the residues of hazelnut production had no economic value and usually burned in the fields. Obtaining valuable products such as ethanol from hazelnut pruning waste (HPW) can add value to those.Ethanol produced by microorganisms via fermentation is a promising alternative biofuel. Ethanol has been produced for a long time from sugary substances, while lignocellulosic biomasses (LCBs) are interesting alternative to fossil fuel based resources in order to have a sustainable production process.Liquid hot water (LHW) treatment is one of the pretreatment processes necessary to facilitate enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose into glucose before ethanol fermentation. Organosolv is similar to LHW treatment except that ethanol-water mixture is generally used is the liquid part instead of only water. LHW could remove the hemicelluloses from the lignocellulosic matrix to some extent, while adding H2SO4 improved the hemicellulose removal. Organosolv was effective on removal of lignin as well as of hemicellulose. Acid catalysis improved the hemicellulose solubilization in organosolv, like in LHW treatment. After acid catalyzed organosolv, cellulose content of the HPW was increased to 67.91%. This sample was hydrolyzed with a conversion efficiency of 87.32%. Hydrolysate containing 60.63 g/L glucose was used as the medium for ethanol production using Saccharomyces cerevisiae. At an 83.49% theoretical yield, 22.2 g/L ethanol was obtained after 6 h. These results demonstrated that hazelnut pruning waste has potential to be used as a feedstock for ethanol production. 98
- Published
- 2016
27. Utilization of wine waste for fermentative processes
- Author
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Bayrak, Emrah, Büyükkileci, Ali Oğuz, Izmir Institute of Technology. Food Engineering, and Gıda Mühendisliği Ana Bilim Dalı
- Subjects
Wine and wine making Chemistry ,Biyoteknoloji ,Wine and wine making--Analysis ,Biotechnology - Abstract
Thesis (Master)--Izmir Institute of Technology, Food Engineering, Izmir, 2013, Includes bibliographical references (leaves: 59-62), Text in Englisg; Abstract: Turkish and English, xi, 62 leaves, Grape pomace is generally considered as most valuable waste of winemaking process. Two different grape types of Syrah (red) and Muscat (white) were collected in the middle of the harvest season after pressing steps of both red and white wine making process Carbohydrate content of grape pomace was hydrolysed by enzymatic and acid hydrolysis. After screening possible fermentable sugars of grape pomace lactic acid fermentation were performed from grape pomace suspension and liquid extract phase. Lactic acid fermentation by Lactobacillus casei showed that grape pomace can be used as a substrate for lactic acid production. Different solid loadings and yeast extract concentrations effect the lactic acid production yield from grape pomace. Enzymatic hydrolysis was performed to hydrolyse pectin, cellulose and hemicellulose of grape pomace. Commercial pectinase, cellulase and β-glucosidase were supplemented into grape pomace suspensions at different concentrations. Maximum hydrolysed glucose and xylose from extracted solid phase of grape pomace were calculated as 8.93 ± 0.21 and 4.52 ± 0.11 % of total solid. Furthermore, acid hydrolysis showed that two stages acid hydrolysis is more efficient in releasing glucose from extracted solid phase of grape pomace but dilute acid hydrolysis is also more efficiency on hydrolysis of xylose and arabinose. Exo-polygalacturonase production from grape pomace was conducted using different filamentus fungi, namely Aspergillus sojae, Rhizopus oryzae and Aspergillus niger but no significant enzyme activity was obtained. Maximum 84 % of fermentable sugar in dry grape pomace was converted to lactic acid by L. casei. Effect of yeast extract researches designated that commercial yeast (bakers’ yeast) can be used as nitrogen source instead of yeast extract and 10 g/l of yeast extract was the most suitable concentration for lactic acid production from grape pomace by L.casei. This study showed the potential of the grape pomace for fermentative processes.
- Published
- 2013
28. Karbon kaynaklarının ve pH'nın Aspergillus sojae ile ekzo-poligalakturonaz üretimine etkileri üzerine araştırmalar
- Author
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Kuru, Gülten, Büyükkileci, Ali Oğuz, Diğer, and Izmir Institute of Technology. Biotechnology and Bioengineering
- Subjects
Biyomühendislik ,Aspergillus--Biotechnology ,Bioengineering ,Biyoteknoloji ,Carbon compounds--Biotechnology ,Biotechnology - Abstract
Thesis (Master)--Izmir Institute of Technology, Biotechnology, Izmir, 2013, Includes bibliographical references (leaves: 59-62), Text in English; Abstract: Turkish an English, xii, 73 leaves, Pectinases are a group of enzymes that are responsible for degredation of pectic substances. Pectinases are produced by many organisms including plants, bacteria and fungi. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different carbon sources and pH on pectinase production by a group of flamentous fungi. For this purpose, Aspergillus niger, Rhizopus oryzae ATCC 4858, Aspergillus sojae ATCC 2035 (A. sojae WT) and its mutant type Aspegillus sojae MT (A. sojae MT) grown in orange peel containing media were evaluated in terms of exo-polygalacturonase (exo-PG), pectin lyase (PL), pectin methyl esterase (PME), and also xylanase and cellulase activities. A. sojae WT and A. sojae MT were found to be as exo-PG producers. Maximum exo-PG activities were 47.84 U/ml and 108.02 U/ml, respectively. Exo-PG production by A. sojae WT and A. sojae MT was evaluated using the medium containing glucose, pectin, pectin/glucose, pectin/fructose and pectin/sucrose as substrate. Additional supply of glucose to the pectin media was found to be more effective than fructose or sucrose. The fermentations in which pH was not maintained, the use of glucose, pectin and pectin/glucose resulted in superior enzyme activities compared to ones obtained with other media compositions.
- Published
- 2013
29. Utilization of orange peel extract for fungal enzyme production
- Author
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Genç, Berna, Büyükkileci, Ali Oğuz, Tarı, Canan, and Biyomühendislik Ana Bilim Dalı
- Subjects
Biyomühendislik ,Bioengineering ,Biyoteknoloji ,Biotechnology - Abstract
Pektinazlar pektik bileŞikleri parçalayan hidrolitik bir enzim grubudur ve filamentli fungusların da dâhil olduğu çok çeŞitli organizmalar tarafından üretilmektedir. Daha önceki çalıŞmalarda portakal kabuğu özellikle katı kültür fermantasyonlarda ilave Şeker ve besin kaynağı olarak kullanıldı. Bu tez çalıŞması kapsamında, tarımsal bir atık olan portakal kabuğundan, pektinaz üreticisi olduğu kanıtlanmıŞ olan Aspergillus sojae kullanılarak batık kültürde ekzo-poligalakturonaz (ekzo-PG) üretilmeye çalıŞıldı. Portakal kabuğu içerisindeki karbonhidratların çözünmesi su ekstraksiyonu ve seyreltik fosforik (% 0,4 asit deriŞimi, 120 oC ve 20 dak.) ve sülfürik asit (% 0,5 asit deriŞimi, 116 oC ve 13 dak.) hidrolizi ile sağlandı.Fosforik asit hidrolizi ayrıca optimize edildi ve farklı sıcaklık (oC), zaman (dak.) ve asit deriŞimler (% v/v) değiŞken faktörler olarak belirlenirken indirgen Şeker deriŞimi yanıt değiŞkeni oldu.Enzim üretimlerinde kullanılacak olan ortamları elde etmek için belirlenen iki farklı seyreltik asit hidrolizi (120 oC, % 0,4 fosforik asit konsantrasyonu, 20 dak. ve 116 oC, % 0,5 sülfürik asit konsantrasyonu, 13 dak) ve su ekstraksiyonu gerçekleŞtirildi. Hem A.sojae ATCC 20235 hem de mutant A.sojae 'nin bu asit hidrolizatları ile portakal kabuğu ekstraktında ekzo-PG üretmesi sağlandı. Enzim üretimini arttırmak için iz element solüsyonu kullanıldı. Pellet çapı, sayısı, yoğunluğu, pH ve fermantasyonun spor inokülasyonu fermantasyonlar boyunca takip edilen diğer parametrelerdendi.En yüksek ekzo-PG üretimi 18,4 UmL-1 idi ve bu mutant A.sojae tarafındansülfürik asit hidrolizatında elde edildi ancak diğer taraftan mutant A.sojae portakal kabuğunun su ekstraktında 19,7 UmL-1 ekzo-PG aktivitesi üretti. Pectinases are a group of hydrolytic enzymes that degrade pectic substances and produced by a variety of microorganisms including filamentous fungi. In previous studies orange peel especially in solid state fermentations was utilized as a source of additional sugars and nutrients. In this study, orange peel, an agro industrial residue was used for exo-polygalacturonase (exo-PG) production insubmerged fermentation (SmF) by Aspergillus sojae which have been shown to be a potential exo-polygalacturonase producer. Solubilization of carbohydrates within orange peel was provided by water extraction and treatment with dilute phosphoric (at 0.4% acid concentration and 120 oC in 20 min.) and sulfuric (at 0.5% acid concentration and 116 oC in 13 min.) acid hydrolysis. Phosphoric acid hydrolysis was optimized selecting temperature (oC), time (min.) and acid concentration (v/v %) as variable factors, while reducing sugar concentration (gL-1) was the response factor.Two different dilute acid hydrolysis (at 0.4 % phosphoric acid concentration and120 0C in 20 min and at 0.5 % sulfuric acid concentration and 116 0C in 13 min.) and water extraction were carried out to obtain media that were utilized for enzyme productions. A.sojae ATCC 20235 and mutant A.sojae strains were used to produce exoPG in these hydrolysates and water extract of orange peel. To enhance exo-PG production, trace element solutions added as well as macro nutrients. Pellet size, number, density, pH and spore inoculation of fermentation were the other parameters that were controlled during fermentations. The highest exo-PG production was 18.4 UmL-1, which was obtained by mutant A.sojae in phosphoric acid hydrolysate but on the other hand mutant A.sojae produced 19.7 UmL-1 exo-PG activities in water extract of orange peel 86
- Published
- 2013
30. Optimization of growth characteristics for the potential probiotics to be used in fish aquaculturing
- Author
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Aytekin, Nihal Destan, Hamamcı, Haluk, Büyükkileci, Ali Oğuz, and Gıda Mühendisliği Anabilim Dalı
- Subjects
Trouts ,Probiotics ,Food Engineering ,Enterococcus faecium ,Fermentation ,Biyoteknoloji ,Gıda Mühendisliği ,Biotechnology - Abstract
Tuzlu ve tatlı sularda kültür balıkçılığı, dünyada ve Türkiye'de, sürekli olarak artmaktadır. Levrek, çupra ve alabalık üçlüsünden alabalık Türkiye'de en çok üretilendir. Bugün, Türkiye'de üretim, yılda 170000 tona ulaşmıştır. Dünyada, balık yetiştiriciliğinde, antibiyotik kullanımı sona erdirilmektedir. Probiyotik kullanımı, yemdeki antibiyotik eksikliğini giderebilmek adına ortaya atılmıştır. Probiyotiklerin kullanımını arttırmak için bunların üretim koşullarının optimize edilmesi, sürdürülebilir, ekonomik üretim süreçlerinin geliştirilmesi gerekir. Çiftlik hayvanları için (özellikle kanatlılar) endüstriyel ürünler mevcutken, kültür balıkları için böylesi probiyotik ürünler bulunmamaktadır. Enterococcus faecium, çiftlik hayvanlarında sıkça kullanılan probiyotik suşlardandır ve gastrointestinal asitlik ve yüksek safra oranını tolere edebilmesi, büyümeyi destekleyici özellikleri ve belirli balık patojenlerine karşı antagonistik etkisi başta olmak üzere gösterdiği yararlı etkiler nedeni ile balık yetiştiriciliği için güçlü bir potansiyel probiyotik olarak değerlendirilmektedir.Bu çalışmanın amacı, E. faecium'un biyokütle ve biyokütle verimliliğini arttırmak için kültürün büyütülme koşullarının optimizasyonudur. Çalışmanın ilk kısmında, farklı bileşiklerden veya farklı oranlarda bileşiklerden oluşan ortamlar, sıcaklık ve pH değerleri denenmiştir. İkinci kısımda ise, mikroorganizma, biyoreaktörde farklı fermentasyon yöntemleri denenerek büyütülmüştür. Son aşamada ise, biyokütleyi fermentöre geri döndürmek üzere fermentöre entegre edilmiş membran filtrasyon sistemi denenmiştir. Sonuçlara göre optimum sıcaklık olan 37 °C ve 6.5 pH değerlerinde, en iyi büyüme gözlemlenmiştir. 37 °C, 350 rpm ve 6.5 pH değerlerinde, en yüksek değer olan 6.3 g/L biyokütle, sürekli steril ve taze besi ortamının beslendiği ve biyokütlenin fermentöre geri döndürülüğü membran filtrasyon sistemini içeren deneyde elde edilmiştir. The aquaculturing of marine and fresh water fish is continually increasing in the world and in Turkey. Of the three fish species; sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax), seabream (Sparus aurata) and trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), the latter has the highest share in Turkey, with a current production rate of 170000 tons per annum. The use of antibiotics in true feed is being phased out in the world. Probiotics have emerged one way of making up for the lack of antibiotics in the feed. In order to increase the probiotics usage, optimization of the strains? growth conditions, development of sustainable and economic manufacturing process are required. While there are commercial probiotics for the farm animals, there is none so far produced for the aquaculture, in Turkey. Enterococcus faecium is one of the widely used probiotic in farm animals sector. Due to the characteristics of E. faecium to tolerate acid and bile salts in the gastrointestinal tract, to produce inhibitory compounds and show antagonistic effects towards target fish pathogens, to stimulate immune system and better growth, the microorganism may be evaluated as a strong potential probiotic for aquaculturing.Aim of this study was to optimize the culture conditions in order to maximize the biomass concentration and the biomass yield of E. faecium. In the first part of this study, several growth media, temperature and pH values were tested. In the second part, the microorganism was grown using different fermentation modes in bioreactor. In the last part, a membrane filtration system was incorporated to the fermentor in order to recycle biomass. Results showed that temperature 37 °C and pH 6.5 yielded higher amount of biomass compared to others. The biomass concentration was 6.3 g/L at pH 6.5, 37 °C, 350 rpm when the fresh medium was added continuously and biomass was recycled back to the fermentor using the membrane filter. 83
- Published
- 2013
31. Batch production of L(+) lactic acid from whey by Lactobacillus casei (NRRL B-441)
- Author
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Ali Oguz Buyukkileci, Sebnem Harsa, TR29392, TR9626, Büyükkileci, Ali Oğuz, Harsa, Hayriye Şebnem, and Izmir Institute of Technology. Food Engineering
- Subjects
Lactobacillus casei ,Batch fermentation ,General Chemical Engineering ,Industrial fermentation ,Inorganic Chemistry ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Whey ,Yeast extract ,Food science ,Lactose ,Waste Management and Disposal ,Shake flask ,biology ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,Organic Chemistry ,food and beverages ,biology.organism_classification ,Pollution ,Lactic acid ,Fuel Technology ,chemistry ,Biochemistry ,Composition (visual arts) ,L(+) lactic acid ,Biotechnology - Abstract
The effects of temperature, pH, and medium composition on lactic acid production by Lactobacillus casei were investigated. The highest lactic acid productivity values were obtained at 37 °C and pH 5.5. The productivity was 1.87 g dm−3 h−1 at 37 °C in shake flasks. In the fermenter, a productivity of 3.97 g dm−3 h−1 was obtained at pH 5.5. The most appropriate yeast extract concentration was 5.0 g dm−3. Whey yielded a higher productivity value than the analytical lactose and glucose. Initial whey lactose concentration did not affect lactic acid productivity. MnSO4 ·H2O was necessary for lactic acid production by L casei from whey. Product yields were approximately 0.93 g lactic acid g lactose−1. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
- Published
- 2004
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