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Politik kültür çalışmaları, siyasal gelişmeleri, olayları, tutum ve davranışları anlamada tarihsel sürekliliğin ve aktarımın önemine vurgu yapar. Güncel siyasal olaylarla, hatta yapısal ögelerle tarihsel ve kültürel ögeler arasında kökensel bir ilişki olduğu varsayımı politik kültür çalışmalarının temel iddialarından birisidir. Türkiye’de 1936 yılında politik ve idari bir karar ile devlet-parti bütünleşmesi (CHP Genel Sekreteri’nin aynı zamanda İç İşleri Bakanı ve il başkanlarının da vali olması) gerçekleşmiştir. Bu karar doğrudan kendi döneminde idari ve politik sonuçlar doğurduğu gibi politik kültür açısından sonraki süreçleri de etkileyen bir mahiyete sahip olmuştur. Çalışma bu kararın, alınış ve uygulanış aşamalarıyla birlikte, bir politik kültürü ögesi ve kaynağı olarak ne tür nitelikler taşıdığını ve nasıl bir etkiye sahip olduğunu analiz etmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu analizin amaçlarından birisi de güncel olanın daha iyi anlaşılması çabası olarak ortaya çıkmaktadır. Bu nedenle çalışma, döneme ilişkin yaptığı analiz neticesinde ortaya çıkan bulgular doğrultusunda, çok genel hatlarıyla güncele dair de açıklamalar yapma iddiasında olacaktır.

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Bu araştırma, bazı kırsal mekânların mevcut toplumsal ilişkileri hangi dinamiklerden yola çıkarak inşa ettiği veya ne şekilde ortadan kaldırdığı sorusundan hareketle hazırlanmıştır. Ayrıca bu kırsal mekânların toplumsal hafızada ne şekilde yer aldığı, toplumsal hafızayı nasıl koruduğu ve sonraki kuşaklara nasıl aktardığı sorularına yanıt aramaktadır. Özellikle kırsal alanlarda sıkça karşılaştığımız köprü, su değirmeni, medrese, karakol, kervan yolu ve baraj gibi mekânların toplumsal işlevlerine odaklanılmıştır. Söz konusu bu mekânların toplumsal grupları bir araya getirme, ayrıştırma ve bu grupların yer değiştirmesi üzerindeki rollerine değinilmiştir. Bir yılı aşkın bir süre devam eden bu etnografik çalışmada nitel araştırma deseni kullanılmıştır. Çalışma, Siirt ve Batman illerine bağlı köylerde karşılaşılan belli sayıda mekânlarla sınırlıdır. Bu doğrultuda Batman’da 35, Siirt’te ise 37 köye ziyaret gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu köylerde de farklı yaş, cinsiyet ve mesleğe sahip olan toplam 72 kişi ile görüşmeler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Amaçsal örnekleme tekniği ile belirlenen bu katılımcılarla yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formları ile mülakatlar gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu görüşmeler neticesinde elde edilen veriler ise içerik analizi tekniği ile analiz edilmiştir.

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Today, Albania, which is a candidate country for the European Union (EU), is facing difficulties on the road to full membership. This situation has reasons related to Albania as well as the EU. This study aims to discuss whether the integration model of the Approach of Variable Geometric Europe can be an option for Albania, by examining those reasons. The method of the literature review was employed, and written sources were analysed in the study. There are some theoretical explanations concerning how European integration can be realized. When contributions of policy makers are examined, it is seen that flexible and differentiated integration models were suggested beside classical integration theories such as functionalism, intergovernmentalism, institutionalism, and constructivism. Academic studies, on the other hand, show that the Approach of Variable Geometric Europe constitutes a subclass of the concept of differentiated integration. This approach has importance in fast and easier integration, and in solving the problems of the countries which have serious challenges and are lagging behind the core and other member countries. Consequently, our study analysing Albania in this context, claims that the Approach of Variable Geometric Europe, as a suitable integration way, can contribute to Albania while it is struggling to overcome political and economic difficulties in its integration process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The European Union, which was founded in 1951 with economic concerns and has been trying to integrate both economically and politically, has taken steps towards univocality with the aim of evolving into a federative structure. Over time, it took on a supranational structure and achieved this by delegating authority to the institutions it created. The expansion of cooperation areas such as the transition to the Euro and free movement led to the growth of the Union's economic volume, the development of its borders, and the increase in its population and areas of responsibility. However, the Union lost its emphasis on single voice with the economic crises in the member countries, the rise of the far right, Brexit and most recently the Covid-19 epidemic, on the way to create a "Single Voice" in Europe. Within the scope of the study, while the important steps that brought the Union closer to being a single Europe were examined, the opposite and distinctive features were also examined. The main research point of the study is the effect of the Covid-19 Pandemic on the single voice of the Union. In this context, the focus has been on the reflection of the decisions taken by the member countries during the epidemic, their economic situations, and the problems such as vaccine supply to the Union. In this respect, the study examines how the Union, which had experienced internal fractures before, moved towards integration and becoming a "Europe with Single Voice" when faced with a global health crisis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Avrupa bütünleşmesi çalışmalarında derogasyonların rolünü incelemektir. Bu kapsamda şu sorulara yanıt aranmaktadır: Derogasyon Avrupa bütünleşmesi bağlamında nasıl tanımlanmaktadır? Derogasyon hakkı kim tarafından hangi kriterlere göre devletlere verilebilir? Bütünleşme sürecine derogasyonların etkisi nasıl olmuştur? Yer yer Hukuk, örgüt sosyolojisi ve siyaset bilimi literatürlerinde konu edilen derogasyon meselesine kavramsal ve kuramsal açıdan eleştiriler getiren bu çalışma, çeşitli AB derogasyonlarının vaka analizleri yoluyla Avrupa bütünleşmesine ilişkin rasyonalist açıklamaların yetersiz kaldığını göstermektedir.

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Yerleşim kümelenmeleri kentsel ya da kırsal yoğunlaşma ya da yığışım alanlarıdır, bunlar bazen ölçek olarak metropoliten bölgeleri de kapsayabilmektedir. Bu yoğunlaşmalardan ya da yığışmalardan farklı olarak, coğrafik ya da idari sınırlar çok net olarak çizilebilse dahi, yerleşim kümelenmelerinin ‘değişken’ sınırları vardır. Üstelik de bunların gelişiminin tekdüze olduğundan da bahsetmek zordur. Doğal yapıyla iç içe geçmiş yerleşimsel bütünlüklerin özellikle kıyılardaki çeşitli çekim güçlerinden dolayı, buralarda daha da yoğunlaştığı/aglomere olduğu ve genişleyerek bir birleşme-bütünleşme (conurbation) durumu oluşturduğu gözlemlenmektedir. Giderek daha fazla yaklaştığımız bir ekümenopolise doğru yerelin küreselle olan kavgası süregitmekte ve yerleşmeler köyden aldığı genetik harçlarını unutarak daha da azmanlaşmakta ve çevresini yıkarak, bozarak ya da yok ederek daha da büyümektedir. Sonuç kent-bölgeyi de aşan bölge-kentleri olacak gibi görünmektedir.______________________________________________________________________________Towards Integrating Cities on Urban Concentration / Consolidation Axis…AbstractSettlement clusters/agglomerations are urban or rural concentration or consolidation areas, which may sometimes include metropolitan areas as a scale. Unlike these concentrations or agglomerations, settlement clusters have 'variable' boundaries, even if geographic or administrative boundaries can be drawn very clearly. Moreover, it is difficult to talk about the uniformity of their development. It is observed that the settlement integrations intertwined with the natural structure constitute a conurbation state because of various gravitational forces especially on the shore, where they are more intensified / agglomerated and expanding. An ecumenopolis that we are getting closer and closer to the politics continues to be a localized global conflict. Settlements or agglomerations are becoming even more obsolete by forgetting the genetic charges they receive from their peasants and are growing further by tearing, destroying or disrupting their environment. The result seems to be region-cities that transcend the city-region.

Since foundation of sociology of religion, many subjects have been examined with this regard and one of the most important subject is religion and social change relations. Sociology of Religion has placed special emphasis on examination of social change subject since mid of twentieth century, examination of social change process has taken up a lot of room in religion sociology literature of the last fifty years. Social change which is one of the important study fields of sociology necessitates the presentation of models to be explained. Whereas models may differ from society to society. As each societal structure has characteristics of its own, taking a model as an example may not provide an explanation of the social change in that society. What needs to be done in this situation is to exemplify the principles of a new model, a new denotation and model. This article is a social change model study to put forth relation between religion and social change and it comprises 23 years of Muhammad The Prophet. The change which occurred in the society in 23-years period which is referred to as the revelation period in the article has been explained through the circular loop model and the principles of this model has been stated conceptually.

Bu çalışmanın amacı, İngiltere’deki Avrupa şüpheciliğinin David Cameron Başbakanlığı döneminde hükümet tarafından yapılan açıklamaların içerik analizi yapılarak incelenmesidir. İnceleme, İngiltere’de Avrupa şüpheciliğinin artıp artmadığını ortaya koymak için yürütülmüştür. Bununla birlikte, toplumsal güvenlik açısından bir tehdit unsuru olarak kabul edilen bütünleşmenin Avrupa şüpheciliğinin gelişimine nasıl etki ettiği açıklanmaya çalışılmıştır. Öte yandan, İngiltere’de Avrupa şüpheciliğinin Avrupa Birliği (AB) karşıtlığı anlamına gelip gelmediği ve İngiltere’nin AB’den ayrılmaktan yana mı yoksa AB’de reformdan yana mı olduğu ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır. Bu doğrultuda, sözel, yazılı ve diğer materyallerin sistematik şekilde analizi olan içerik analizi yöntemi üzerinde durulmuştur. Bu çalışmanın ana argümanı, İngiltere’nin reformdan yana olan yumuşak Avrupa şüphecisi olduğu ve aslında AB’den ayrılmayı düşünmediğidir.

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The main objective of this study is to measure prospects for Turkey's regionalization efforts in its immediate geography with various political economic fault lines. For this purpose, it has proposed an interacting two-legged - political (establishment of "stable peace") and economic (interdependence) - regionalization/integration model. In the framework of our model, it comparatively analyzes Turkey's regionalization moves such as the EU, the Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO), and the Black Sea Economic Cooperation (BSEC) countries. Considering levels of political-economic relations with those groupings, it concludes that without presence of solid political ground of regional "stable peace", none of Turkey's regionalization moves do have any prospects to reach advanced stages of integration/regionalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Bu çalışma, yüzyıllardır Türkiye’de yaşayan, Kafkasya kökenli Abhaz ve Çerkez toplulukların, Türk toplum yapısıyla ne derece bütünleştiğini değerlendirmek amacındadır. Bunun için, sosyo-kültürel yapının unsurları olan, demografik ve aile özellikleri ile ekonomi ve siyaset gibi bazı alanlarda Abhaz ve Çerkezlerin faaliyetleri üzerinde durulmuştur. Göç eden toplulukların, katıldıkları farklı sosyo-kültürel yapılarla ilişkilerini açıklayan kuramlar ile Abhaz ve Çerkezlerin bu kuramlara uygun yönleri değerlendirilmiştir. Ayrıca şehirleşme ve modernleşmenin etkisiyle, bu toplulukların sosyal ve kültürel yapılarında meydana gelen değişmeler üzerinde durulmuştur. Türkiye’de yaşayan Kafkas toplulukları aile yapılarını geleneklerine uygun şekilde sürdürmekle birlikte değişmelerle karşılaşmaktadırlar. Bu topluluklar ekonomik ve siyasi faaliyetlere yoğun şekilde katılmaktadır. Türkiye’de simbiyotik bir ilişki olarak başlayan karşılıklı temas, ekonomik ve siyasi bütünleşmeyle devam etmiştir. Ancak değişimlerden kaynaklanan kültürlerini kaybetme endişesi ve bazı siyasi gelişmeler, bu toplulukların kendilerini Türk toplumu içinde asli unsur görmekten, diaspora olarak görmeye doğru yönelmelerine neden olmaktadır.

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In this article we deal with religion, philosophy and science together almost first time. In religion philosophy relations theology and philosophy relations deserves attention and philosophy of religion or philosophical theology unites these two areas. Strict rasionalizm, critical rasionalism and fideism are main approaches for this reletionships. In relations of religion and science there are five approaches: conflict, dialog, differentiation, integration and islamization of science. Religion focuses why of events and the other areas how of events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The state-centric and military-based security conception, which was conceptualized in the respect of international anarchic system, has been reconsidered with the end of the Cold War. In this article, difficulties of traditional security conception in defining of widening agenda and deepening actors of security will be addressed in the context of relationship between globalization and security in post-Cold War era. Connected to globalization process, the close connection of identity concept with integration and fragmentation processes obliges the analysts to focus on the relationship between the concepts of security and identity. Because, although globalization accelerates the integration process in economic, political, social and cultural realms, the homogenizing tendencies of globalization instabilize the existing identities and encourages the resistance of local identities. Thus, nation-state itself has to face both the globalizing and localizing pressures from below and above of it. As a result, a perspective, which solely focuses on state security but ignores the security of social groups, would have difficulty for considering the essence of the problem. In this respect, it is needed to place a normative conception, which considers the security requirements of individuals, social groups and humanity in security policies. This article emphasizes the importance of social structures such as identity in understanding of relationship between globalization and security in terms of method. It aims to evaluate the changing security conception in the framework of identity and globalization process in a critical manner. Thus, it targets to contribute to the security studies literature in Turkey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Once it will be evident that Europe will not open its doors to Turkey a it would be possible to face with a new new political and economic power that could change equilibriums in Europe and Asia. High growth is likely to continue in turkey, making the Country the next global power, presumably by the beginning of the decade 2020-30. Turkey will so extend by large its influence on the nearby region: the Western Balkans (especially Albania, Bosnia and Macedonia) and the Turkic Republics. Indeed this move started in 2009, when Ahmet Davutoglu was appointed as Foreign minister. The one he set up is the so called strategic depth: the Balkan branch being based on the heritage from the Ottoman period and the religious identity; while the Turkic branch, besides religion, digs deep into the very origins of the Turkish nation. Neo-Ottomanism and Pan Turkism are two clear features of Davutoglu's foreign policy. Turkey, because of its deep effort with Western Balkan countries, could not keep passive face to the prospect of seeing these countries entering the EU, while staying out. At the same time these countries could become more and more unsatisfied with the perspective of becoming a member of EU. On their part Turkic republics could turn more discontented in their relations with Russia, for economic, historical and cultural reasons; for these very same reasons they will prefer leaning towards Turkey. The interaction of these elements could determine a convergence of interests toward deeper and deeper political and economic ties; crucial developments could follow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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