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Çalışma öğretmen adaylarının “farklı olmak” kavramına yönelik zihinsel algıları ortaya çıkarmak amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışma grubu İstanbul’da bir vakıf üniversitesindeki eğitim fakültesinin Türkçe, Arapça, ilköğretim matematik, özel eğitim ve sınıf öğretmenliği bölümlerinde öğrenim gören ve özel eğitim dersine kayıtlı olan 176 öğretmen adayından oluşmaktadır. Araştırma tarama modellerinden tekil tarama modeli ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Veri seti, katılımcı öğretmen adayların “Farklı olmak......…....benzer. Çünkü, …….” ifadelerini tamamlaması yoluyla elde edilmiştir. Öğretmen adaylarının 77 ortak olmak üzere toplam 527 metafor ürettikleri gözlemlenmiştir. Farklılık için en çok “güneş” metaforunu kullanmayı tercih etmişlerdir. Araştırmanın ilk aşamasında, öğretmen adayları tarafından üretilen metaforlar; içerik analizi sonucunda (1) kişiye ortama zamana veya duruma göre değişen bir kavram olarak farklılık, (2) dahil olan / kabul edilen ve bütünleştiren bir kavram olarak farklılık, (3) özgün bir tavır olarak farklılık, (4) dışlanan, kabul edilmeyen ve ayrımcılığa maruz kalan bir kavram olarak farklılık, (5) anlaşılması gereken bir kavram olarak farklılık ve (6) mücadeleyi içeren bir kavram olarak farklılık olmak üzere altı farklı temada toplanmıştır. Araştırmanın ikinci aşamasında, farklılık kavramına ilişkin tüm üretilen anlamlar birleştirilmiş ve özel gereksinimliler adına yeni bir farklılık bilinci inşa edilmiştir. Bu farklılık bilincini geliştirmek için; öğretmen adaylarının lisans programlarında, normalleşme politikası, uyumsuzlukla yüzleşme ve norm değerlerinin oluşumu ve yok oluşu konularına yer verilmesi gerektiği düşünülmüştür.

Bu çalışmada, kimyasal yapısında iki adet pozitif yüklü kuaterner amonyum azotu içeren üç tane di-katyonik yüzey aktif madde sentezlenmiştir. Sentezlenen yüzey aktif maddelerin kimyasal yapıları çeşitli spektroskopik yöntemlerle (FT-IR, 1H NMR ve 13C NMR) ispatlanmıştır. Sentezlenen ve moleküler yapıları aydınlatılan 3 adet ürünün, 1.0 M HCl asidik ortamda, kütle kaybı yöntemi kullanılarak yumuşak çeliğin korozyonuna karşı inhibisyon etkinlikleri belirlenmiştir. Farklı inhibitör konsantrasyonlarına sahip asidik çözeltilere, metal kuponların, oda sıcaklığında 24 saat süreyle daldırılması suretiyle yapılan korozyon testleri sonucunda, her üç yüzey aktif madde için, birbirine yakın ve etkin inhibisyon verimleri elde edilmiştir. Moleküler yapılarında bulunan uzun karbon zincirindeki karbon sayısının fazlalığı korozyona karşı korumada etkin bir faktör olduğu gösterilmiştir. Uzun zincirindeki karbon sayısı en fazla olan inhibitörün asit ortamındaki korozyon inhibisyon etkinliğinin diğerlerine göre biraz daha yüksek olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bunun yanı sıra, korozyona karşı etkinlikleri ile ilişkilendirmek adına, söz konusu di-katyonik yüzey aktif maddeler için kritik misel konsantrasyonu, bu konsantrasyondaki yüzey gerilimleri, misel oluşum serbest enerjisi, köpük kararlılığı gibi bazı fizikokimyasal parametreleri de hesaplama yoluna gidilmiştir. Yüzey aktif maddelerin metal yüzeyine adsorbe olarak yüzeyi korozyondan koruduklarının önemli bir destekleyici delili olan taramalı elektron mikroskobu (SEM) ile yüzey görüntüleri de alınmış ve asit çözeltisine daldırılan metal yüzeylerindeki pürüzlülük halleri belirlenmiştir.

An iron(III) complex, [Fe(L1)Cl].H2O, was synthesized by template condensation reaction of 1,1,1-Trifluoroacetylacetone-S-methylthiosemicarbazone hydrogen iodide (L) and 2,3-dihydroxybenzaldehyde in the presence of iron(III) ions. The complex was characterized by IR, ESI MS and X-ray diffraction techniques. Free radical scavenging (FRS) ability and antioxidant capacity of the S-methylthiosemicarbazone and the iron(III) complex were evaluated through DPPH and CUPRAC methods, respectively. The complex exerted better than the S-methylthiosemicarbazone in both TEAC and FRS% values. In addition, iron(III) complex was found to be 3.1 times more antioxidant than the reference ascorbic acid according to the CUPRAC method.

İnsanlık tarihinde toplum ve kültürlere bakıldığında neredeyse her toplumun içerisinde yer alan belirli inanışların olduğu görülmektedir. Bu inanışlar kimi zaman insanın aklının yetmediği olguları çözmek, kimi zaman tanrısal ve ruhani güçlerin olduğuna dair düşünceler çerçevesinde ortaya çıktığı düşünülmektedir. Bu bağlamda bilinmeyene olan bu merakın giderilmesi, çözülemeyen sorunların ilahi veya ruhani varlıklarca çözüleceğine inanılması sonucunda büyü, ayin ve benzeri doğaüstü inanışlara başvurulduğu bilinmektedir. Bu sebeple başvurulan bu uygulamalar için ruhani varlıklarla iletişimi sağladığına inanılan medyum, büyücü, cadı, cinci ya da hoca olarak adlandırılan kişilere müracaat edildiği görülmektedir. Bu uygulamalar kapsamında büyü yaptırmak isteyen kişilerden bu uygulamalar için belirli bir ücret ya da büyünün içerisinde kullanılacak malzemeler istenmektedir. Bu malzemeler bitkisel malzemelerin yanı sıra hayvan uzuvları ya da insandan alınan belirli parçaların da olduğu bilinmektedir. Bu çalışma kapsamında büyü için kullanılan hayvanlara dikkat çekilmektedir. Medyumlar tarafından yapılan bu büyüler, tılsımlar ve ayinler de hayvanların şiddetli bir şekilde katledildiği ya da belirli uzuvlarının kesilerek yaralı bir biçimde doğaya tekrar salındığı gözlemlenmektedir. Bu bağlamda sosyal sorumluluk projesi kapsamında insanlara en etkili ve kısa yoldan bu mağduriyetlerin son bulmasına yönelik hazırlanan sosyal medya gönderilerinin insanları bilinçlendirmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda medyum mağduru hayvanları konu edinen, sosyal medya platformlarında paylaşılması hedeflenen on sosyal medya gönderisi göstergebilimsel yöntemle analiz edilmiştir. Bu sosyal medya gönderileri Roland Barthes’ın çözümleme yöntemine göre; düz anlam ve yan anlam boyutuyla incelenerek çözümlenmiş, çözümleme sonucunda elde edilen bulgulara göre ise, medyumların hayvanları büyüler, tılsımlar ve ayinler için mağdur ettiği gözlemlenmiştir.

Siyaset Bilimi ve Kamu Yönetimi (SBKY) eğitiminde Bilgi ve İletişim Teknolojileri (BİT) yaygınlaşmaktadır. Keşfedici yönteme dayalı bu çalışmada yüksek öğretim düzeyinde geçerli BİT’lerin ve eğitim yazılımlarının tek bir üniversitenin (Pamukkale Üniversitesi / PAÜ) tek bir enstitü anabilim dalındaki (EABD) ve bölümündeki durumu araştırma ekibince geliştirilen özgün çerçevede irdelenmektedir. Örneklem PAÜ SBKY EABD ve bölümü, zaman aralığı 2010-2022’dir. Çalışma bu EABD ve Bölümdeki eğitim-öğretim faaliyetlerindeki dijital BİT’i arz yönlü temelde irdeleyici, keşfedici, çerçeve çizici ve yenilik getirici şekilde ele almaktadır. Türkiye özelinde eğitim-öğretim teknolojilerinde tek bir bölümdeki dijital BİT’lerin çeşitli faaliyetler, stratejiler, uygulamalar ve dersler gibi konulara odaklanan eserler sınırlı sayıdadır. Birinci el ve derinlemesine bilgi sağlayan bu tür araştırmalar parçadan bütüne gidişte daha somut bilgiler ve daha çok sayıdaki örneklerden istifade yoluyla toparlayıcı eserler üretimine destek verebilir. Tartışma ve sonuç kısmında BİT’lerin yükseköğretimde özellikle sosyal bilimler özelinde yaygın kullanımının getirdiği avantajlara ve dezavantajlara da yer verilmektedir.

Solar energy has been the most emphasized issue in recent years, as it is sustainable and causes zero emissions. Solar cells are of interest because they convert sunlight into electricity through photovoltaic effects. Over the last ten years, the efficiency of perovskite solar cells has achieved 25% due to the development of synthesis techniques and electrode materials etc. The electron transport layer, a hole transport layer their thickness and structure of surface etc. act an important role in improving the performance of perovskite solar cells. We have investigated the effect of the acid-assisted route and the acetylacetone-assisted (AA) route on TiO2 films and thus the effect of the efficiency of perovskite solar cells. Perovskite (CH3NH3PbI3) solar cells based on different c-TiO2 have been fabricated by the spin coating route, and the overall experimental section is made in the nitrogen medium at room temperature. Cracked c-TiO2 film obtained via the acid-assisted route. The planar heterojunction structure of ITO/AA-TiO2/CH3NH3PbI3/P3HT/Ag resulted 0.03% of power conversion efficiency (PCE). However, the perovskite solar cells with a mesoporous heterojunction structure of ITO/ AA-TiO2/m- TiO2 /CH3NH3PbI3/P3HT/Ag resulted 0.1% of PCE.

Bu araştırmanın amacı anlatıya ulaşımın hikâye anlatıcılığına etkisinde unutulmaz turizm deneyimlerinin aracılık etkisini incelemektir. Günümüzde, postmodernizm ile deneyimsel pazarlama bağlamında unutulmaz turizm deneyimleri yaratmak oldukça önemli hale gelmiştir. Bu nedenle, hem hikâyelerin unutulmaz bir deneyim yaratma aracı olarak kullanılıp kullanılamayacağı hem de yaratılan bu deneyimin yeniden hikâyeleştirilerek anlatılıp anlatılmadığı bulgular sonucu tartışılacaktır. Araştırma, nicel yöntem ve nedensel tarama modeli ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmanın çalışma evrenini, Türkiye’de yaşayan ve paket tur programlarına katılım sağlamış olan yerli turistler oluşmaktadır. Katılımcılardan toplam 250 geçerli veri elde edilmiştir. Elde edilen bu veriler; faktör analizi (AFA ve DFA), güvenirlik, regresyon ve aracılık etkisi analizleri yapılarak değerlendirilmiştir. Yapılan analizler sonucunda, anlatıya ulaşımın hikâye anlatıcılığı üzerindeki etkisinde, unutulmaz turizm deneyiminin aracı rolü ortaya koyulmuştur.

Çalışma ile turist rehberlerinin kültürel miras aktarımı esnasında hikâye anlatımının rolünü incelemek amaçlanmıştır. Sürdürülebilir değerler, oldukça önem kazanmış durumdadır. Bu bağlamda, kültürel mirasın da sürdürülebilir olması oldukça önem taşımaktadır. Turist rehberleri bu açıdan ele alındığında, kültürel mirası gelecek nesillere aktaran anlatıcılardır. Bu nedenle, destinasyonlara ait hikâyelerin, turistler üzerinde nasıl bir rol oynadığını belirlemek adına, doğrudan bu hikâyeleri anlatarak tepkileri gözlemleme fırsatı olan turist rehberleri ile görüşülmüştür. Çalışma nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden vaka çalışması desenine dayanarak hazırlanmıştır. Veriler, aktif olarak turist rehberi olarak görev yapan 16 kişiden, yarı yapılandırılmış soru formu aracılığı ile toplanmıştır. Elde edilen veriler için içerik analizi kullanılmıştır. Çalışmanın bulgularına göre; hikâye anlatımı, kültürel mirası aktarma sürecini çok daha ilgi çekici, akılda kalıcı, eğlenceli ve bilgilendirici kılmaktadır. Sonuçlar ışığında bir model geliştirilmiştir. Model üzerinde, hikâye anlatımının ise hem turist rehberleri (anlatıcı) hem de turistler (dinleyici) açısından rolleri verilmiştir. Hikâye anlatımı sonrası çıktılar ise turistler, turist rehberleri ve kültürel miras bağlamında incelenmektedir.

Çalışmada Türkiye'nin Doğu Karadeniz Bölgesi'ndeki 4 ve 5 yıldızlı otellerin restoran menülerinde yer alan ve alkollü içeceklerle birlikte tüketilebilen eşlikçiler ve mezeler incelenmiştir. Böylece bölgedeki otel restoranlarında alkollü içeceklerle birlikte tüketilebilecek yiyecek maddelerinin bulunma sıklığı ve özelliklerinin ortaya koyulması amaçlanmaktadır. Çalışmada nitel araştırma yöntemi tercih edilmiştir. Araştırmada amaçları bakımından betimsel araştırma yaklaşımı ve tarama modeli benimsenmiştir. Çalışma verilerini toplamak için ölçüt örnekleme tekniği kullanılmıştır. Bölgede bulunan 4 ve 5 yıldızlı otellerden restoranları bulunan ve hizmet verenlerden 1 Aralık 2021 ile 3 Mart 2022 tarihleri arasında menüleri hakkında bilgi toplanmıştır. Bu restoranlara ait menülere içerik analizi uygulanmıştır. Bölgedeki 45 otelin restoran menüleri incelendiğinde 172 adet eşlikçi ve meze çeşidine ulaşılmıştır. Eşlikçi ve meze çeşitlerinin menülerde toplam 453 defa bulunma sıklığı görülmektedir. Eşlikçi ve meze çeşitleri uzman görüşlerinden ve literatürden yararlanılarak 11 kategoride sınıflanmıştır. Belirlenen kategoriler “iştah açıcı ve eşlikçiler”, “peynir ve şarküteri çeşitleri”, “zeytinyağlılar”, “yemekler ve ara sıcaklar”, “deniz ürünleri”, “yöresel ürünler”, “kuruyemiş”, “meyveler”, “turşular”, “salatalar” ve “diğerleri” olarak isimlendirilmiştir

This study was carried out to characterize antioxidant activity, total phenolic content, and the phenolic and flavonoids profile of postbiotic of Pediococcus acidilactici and to evaluate the effects of postbiotics (10% and 50%) alone and in combination with chitosan coating (1%) on the microbial and chemical quality of chicken breast fillets during storage at 4 °C. Antioxidant activity and total phenolic content of the postbiotics were found to be 1291.02 ± 1.5 mg/L TEAC and 2336.11 ± 2.36 mg/L GAE, respectively. The most abundant phenolic was vanillic acid, followed by t-caffeic, gallic, and caftaric acids. The postbiotic-chitosan (50% + 1%) combination decreased L. monocytogenes and S. Typhimurium counts by 1.5 and 2.1 log10 CFU/g, respectively, compared to the control (P 0.05). Postbiotic treatment did not significantly change the pH values and color properties of the breast fillets (P > 0.05). Postbiotic-chitosan combinations extended the shelf-life by up to 12 days compared to the control. In conclusion, the postbiotic-chitosan combination can be used to preserve and improve the microbial quality of chicken meat products.

To evaluate the effect of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) for idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISSNHL) on central macular thickness (CMT) and choroidal thickness (CT).The study included 42 healthy eyes of 21 patients with ISSNHL (aged 24-61 years) who started HBOT within the first three days of the onset of hearing loss. Duration and severity of hearing loss were noted before starting HBOT. Central macular thickness (CMT), choroidal thickness (CT) 1500 µm nasal and temporal of the fovea, and subfoveal CT were measured by spectral domain optic coherence tomography before the first session of HBOT and after sessions 10 and 20. Measurements obtained before and after HBOT were compared.Eleven patients (52.4%) were men and 10 (47.6%) were women. The mean age was 44.67 ± 10.1 years. The mean duration of sudden hearing loss before HBOT was 2.05 ± 1 day. Hearing loss was mild in five patients, moderate in five patients, moderate to severe in 2 patients, severe in 4 patients and profound in 5 patients. Comparison of measurements obtained before HBOT and after 10 and 20 sessions of HBOT revealed no significant differences in CMT (219.17 ± 22.91, 220.33 ± 19.66, and 220.21 ± 19.3 µm), subfoveal CT (347.71 ± 66.82, 348.38 ± 74.55, and 345.45 ± 75.39 µm), nasal CT (328.64 ± 82.31, 316.02 ± 79.32, and 313.52 ± 89.92 µm), or temporal CT (321.76 ± 71.29, 317.05 ± 73.94, and 314.05 ± 74.61 µm, respectively) (HBOT for the treatment of ISSNHL had no significant effect on CMT or CT in healthy eyes.

In our study, the synthesis of zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF-12) crystals and the preparation of mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) with various ZIF-12 loadings were targeted. The characterization of ZIF-12 and MMMs were carried out by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and thermomechanical analysis. The performance of MMMs was measured by the ability of binary gas separation. Commercial polyetherimide (PEI-Ultem® 1000) polymer was used as the polymer matrix. The solution casting method was utilized to obtain dense MMMs. In the SEM images of ZIF-12 particles, the particles with a rhombic dodecahedron structure were identified. From SEM images, it was observed that the distribution of ZIF-12 particles in the MMMs was homogeneous and no agglomeration was present. Gas permeability experiments of MMMs were measured for H2, CO2, and CH4 gases at steady state, at 4 bar and 35 °C by constant volume-variable pressure method. PEI/ZIF-12-30 wt% MMM exhibited high permeability and ideal selectivity values for H2/CH4 and CO2/CH4 were P H 2 / CH 4 = 331.41 ${P}_{{\text{H}}_{2}/{\text{CH}}_{4}}=331.41$ and P CO 2 / CH 4 = 53.75 ${P}_{{\text{CO}}_{2}/{\text{CH}}_{4}}=53.75$ gas pair.

Two new zinc(II) complexes were synthesized by condensation of 4,4,4-trifluoro-1-(2-thienyl)-1,3-butanedione-S-methyl-thiosemicarbazone with salicylaldehyde or 4-methoxy-salicylaldehyde. Structures of the N2O2-chelate complexes, Zn1 and Zn2, were explicated by IR, 1H NMR, ESI-MS and X-ray crystallography. Electronic spectral analysis was performed to assign the nature of the interaction between the complexes and calf thymus DNA (CT-DNA). DNA cleavage activities of the complexes were investigated by gel electrophoresis (pBR322 DNA). The results indicated that the complexes bind to CT-DNA via an intercalation mode and the binding of Zn2 is stronger than that of Zn1. Relatively high concentrations of the zinc complexes were found to encourage the cleavage of DNA from supercoiled form (Form I) to nicked circular form (Form II). The antiproliferative activity of the complexes was determined against human colorectal adenocarcinoma (HT-29) and human cervical carcinoma (HeLa) cell lines by MTT assay. The tests revealed that the complex Zn2 exhibited a higher antiproliferative effect than Zn1 on HT-29 and HeLa cells, analogical to the data from DNA interaction experiments. The studies demonstrated that complex Zn2 could be a good candidate as a chemotherapeutic drug targeting DNA.

The objective of the study was to carry out characterization of postbiotics from Pediococcus acidilactici and to assess their efficacy (50% and 100%) in combination with chitosan (0.5 and 1%) against Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella Typhimurium, Listeria monocytogenes on frankfurters during refrigerated storage for 35 days. High amounts of total phenolic content (1708.15 ± 93.28 mg GAE/L) and carboxylic acids, which comprised 74.89% of the total volatiles, were found in the postbiotics. On day 0, the postbiotic-chitosan combinations decreased the E. coli O157:H7, L. monocytogenes and S. Typhimurium counts ranging from 1.58 to 3.21 log

Reaction of acetylacetone-S-methyl-thiosemicarbazone and 4-methoxy-salicylaldehyde in presence of Fe(ClO4)3 and NaN3 resulted in a mixed ligand complex, [Fe(L)N3], where L is N2O2-chelating thiosemicarbazidato ligand formed by template condensation. The first iron complex of the thiosemicarbazidato structure bearing a nitrogen ligand instead of chlorine in the 5th coordination site of iron(III) was characterized by using elemental analysis and spectroscopic methods. Crystallographic analysis clearly revealed the square pyramidal environment of iron(III) center. To support and compare the experimental data, the molecular geometries, vibrational frequencies, NMR chemical shifts, molecular electrostatic potential surface and HOMO-LUMO energies were performed by using DFT-B3LYP method. Formation of the iron(III) complex was explicated by identification the reaction intermediates using experimental and theoretical methods.

In order to examine the anticancer potential of oxovanadium(IV) complexes with thiosemicarbazone, two new complexes were prepared starting from 2-thenoyltrifluoroacetone-S-methylthiosemicarbazone. The complexes with tetradentate thiosemicarbazone ligand were characterized by elemental analysis, IR, ESI MS, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Cytotoxicity on breast cancer cells, MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7, was determined by MTT assay. Cisplatin was positive control and the results were compared with those of the normal cells, HUVEC and 3T3. The complexes exhibited greater activity on cancer cells than cisplatin, but they were cytotoxic at several times higher concentrations in the healthy cells. In our study, the presence of thiophene and fluoro groups in the oxovanadium(IV) complexes with thiosemicarbazone increased greatly the cytotoxic activity of the complexes on breast cancer cells. Moreover, the complexes induced apoptosis-mediated cell death and also reduced the expression of MDR-1 or P-glycoprotein and ABCG2. As a result, the findings indicated that the complexes have selective cytotoxicity on breast cancer cells and can overcome multidrug resistance. These properties of the complexes make it possible to be a potential anticancer drug candidate for breast cancer treatment.

The aims of this study were to characterize postbiotics, and to evaluate their antibacterial effects in-vitro and on chicken drumsticks. Postbiotics [Pediococcus. acidilactici (PA), Latilactobacillus sakei/Staphylococcus xylosus (LS)] exhibited strong antioxidant activity, and their total phenolic contents were found as 2952.78 +/- 0.4 and 1819.44 +/- 0.39 mg GAE/L, respectively (P < 0.05). A total of 19 different phenolic and flavonoids were determined in the postbiotics. The results of the study revealed that 5% and 10% postbiotics + EDTA decreased the number of L. monocytogenes nearly 5.0 log10 in 6 h in TSB. S. Typhimurium count in the chicken drumstick decontaminated with 10% PA was found as 2.1 log10 lower than the control group on day 0. L. monocytogenes counts in the chicken drumstick decontaminated with 10% Postbiotics+1% LA groups were found to be 1.1 log10 lower than the control group (P < 0.05). The lowest total mesophilic aerobic bacteria counts in the chicken drumsticks were found in the 10% Postbiotics+1% LA samples, and postbiotics did not change the color properties of the drumstick samples on day 0 (P > 0.05). In conclusion, postbiotics and their combinations with natural preservatives may be an alternative approach to reduce the food-borne pathogens and to extend the shelf-life of poultry meat and meat products.

New cobalt complexes, Co1 and Co2, were synthesized starting from acetylacetone-S-methylthiosemicarbazone. The square planar cobalt(II) and octahedral cobalt(III) complexes were characterized by FT-IR, UV–visible, 1H NMR, and X-ray diffraction spectroscopies and mass spectrometry. Frontier orbitals of the complexes were theoretically obtained to better understand the complex structures and intermolecular interactions. The electrochemical behaviors of Co1 and Co2 were investigated and the results were evaluated by comparing with each other and with similar published compounds to determine their possible usage in various electrochemical technologies, such as energy storage devices, electrocatalysts, and electrosensors. Metal-based oxidation at around 0 V and metal-based reduction at around −1.0 V indicated that these complexes are valuable for the proposed applications. By determining the trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity and the radical scavenging activity of the cobalt complexes, the compatibility between the antioxidant qualification, redox, and theoretical calculation results was discussed. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

The template reaction was performed between benzoylacetone-S-propylthiosemicarbazone and salicylaldehyde in the presence of Co(ClO4)2 and a square planar cobalt(II) complex, [Co(L)] (Co1) where L is a dibasic thiosemicarbazidato ligand was isolated. It was aimed to synthesize the octahedral cobalt complexes by using the co-ligands, pyridine and 2-amino pyridine. An octahedral cobalt(III) complex, [Co(L)(py)2]ClO4 (Co2), with two axial-pyridine ligands was obtained. Reaction with 2-amino pyridine gave an unexpected cobalt(III) centered structure, [Co(L1)]·H2O (Co3), where L1 is a new sixdentate (N4O2) ligand that yielded by the addition of the amino group of pyridine to the L ligand. L1 has tribasic thiosemicarbazidato structure that altered by the participation of an oxygen atom in addition to the amines. Experimental characterizations of three complexes have been completed using IR, NMR, UV–Vis, ESI-MS techniques and X-ray data. In order to better understand the intermolecular interactions of the structures, the Nonlinear Optical (NLO) properties and frontier orbitals (FMO) of the complexes were obtained using the Gaussian 09 program, DFT/B3LYP with 6–31 G (d, p) bas set for the C, N, O, H atoms and with LanL2DZ basic set for Co metal atom.

New thiosemicarbazone-based zinc(II) complexes were synthesized to study their cytotoxicity on A375 malignant melanoma cells. The complexes containing salicylidene (Zn1a), 3-methoxy-salicylidene (Zn1b) or 4-methoxy-salicylidene (Zn1c) moiety were characterized by analytical and spectroscopic methods. Anticancer potential of the complexes was determined by MTT test and HUVEC endothelial cells line was used to comprehend the effect on normal cells. Zn1b with an IC50 of 13 μM was found to be highly cytotoxic against A375 cancer cells, more effective than cisplatin (IC50: 37 μM). Zn1a and Zn1c did not have a negative effect on cell viability in the normal cells and gave the impression that they are more advantageous than cisplatin in this respect. Further, the ability of Zn1a-c to inhibit neuraminidase enzyme and its role in cytotoxicity was discussed. The test revealed that the Zn1b with 3-methoxy substituent exhibited higher inhibition activity against the neuraminidase than the Zn1a and Zn1c as analogical to the cytotoxicity results. In neuraminidase inhibition, IC50 values of Zn1b and Zn1c were 14 and 66 μM, respectively. These concentrations were very close to the cytotoxicity concentrations for Zn1b and Zn1c. The findings may indicate the role of neuraminidase enzyme inhibition in cell death for Zn1b and Zn1c.

PubMed ID: 30273072, Owing to its lipophilic property, carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4 ) is rapidly absorbed by both the liver and brain. We investigated the protective effects of crocin against brain damage caused by CCl 4 . Fifty rats were divided into five groups of ten: control, corn oil, crocin, CCl 4 and CCl 4 + crocin. CCl 4 administration decreased glutathione (GSH) and total antioxidant status (TAS) levels, and catalase (CAT) activity, while significant increases were observed in malondialdehyde (MDA) and total oxidant status (TOS) levels and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. The cerebral cortex nuclear lamina developed a spongy appearance, neuronal degeneration was observed in the hippocampus, and heterochromatic and pyknotic neurons with increased cytoplasmic eosinophilia were observed in the hippocampus after CCl 4 treatment. Because crocin exhibits strong antioxidant properties, crocin treatment increased GSH and TAS levels and CAT activities, and decreased MDA and TOS levels and SOD activity; significant improvements also were observed in histologic architecture. We found that crocin administration nearly eliminated CCl 4 induced brain damage by preventing oxidative stress. © 2018, © 2018 The Biological Stain Commission.

Six of acetylacetone-S-R-thiosemicarbazones (R: methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl or hexyl) were synthesized, and the template reactions resulting in N2O2 type complexes of the thiosemicarbazones with 4-methoxy-salicylaldehyde were carried out in the presence of iron(III) or nickel(II). The thiosemicarbazones and metal complexes were defined by elemental analysis, and infrared, UV–Vis, 1H NMR spectra. Three complexes bearing butyl-pentyl- and hexyl- groups were analyzed by X-Ray diffraction technique. The crystal data demonstrated that the iron complexes are in square pyramidal structure and nickel complexes in square planar structure. To explicate the relationship between the S-alkyl chain length and antioxidant ability, total antioxidant capacity (as TEAC value) and free radical scavenging activity of the compounds have been tested using CUPRAC and DPPH methods, respectively. Furthermore, the antioxidant potential of the thiosemicarbazones were determined in vitro measuring the scavenging activity of hydroxyl radical (⋅OH), superoxide anion radical (⋅O2−), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The results revealed that the compounds have an antioxidant features comparable to ascorbic acid reference. Synthesized compounds with the remarkable antioxidant properties have a potential to examine in development of new anticancer agents.

The discovery of new inhibitors that can be used in the treatment of viral diseases, including Covid-19, is an area open to research, and there is a need for innovative compounds with increased efficiency that provide inhibition by suppressing enzyme, and receptor mechanisms. The iron(III) and nickel(II) complexes were synthesized by template condensation of 4-methoxy-salicylaldehyde with S-methylthiosemicarbazone derivatives of 1,1,1-trifluoroacetylacetone (for Fe1) and methylacetoacetate (for Ni1). The complex structures having N2O2-chelating thiosemicarbazidato ligand were identified by analytical, spectroscopic, and X-ray crystallography results. Coordination environment of iron(III) center in complex Fe1 has a distorted square pyramidal geometry consisting of the N2O2 donor set and a chlorine atom, while that of Ni1 is square plane with the set. Inhibitory effect of Fe1 compound against SARS-CoV-2 virus specific 3C-like protease enzyme was investigated experimentally. It was determined that the highest inhibition concentration of Fe1 was 100 mu M. Percent inhibition activity at this concentration was on average 30.62 +/- 3.809%. Binding of both compounds to the 3C-like protease enzyme specific to the SARS-CoV-2 virus was analyzed using docking calculations. As a result of the docking calculation of Fe1, it has been observed that the compound has a binding energy of -7.4 kcal / mol to 3CL-like protease. It has been observed that the protein amino acids GLY143, THR26, and ASN142 contribute to the high binding affinity of the Fe1. The experimental and theoretical results obtained for the two complexes support each other. (C) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Increasing antimicrobial resistance is one of the most serious threats to human health worldwide. Therefore, there is an urgent need for the discovery of novel antimicrobial agents. Herein, we presented the synthesis of ten thiosemicarbazone derivatives (T1-T10) obtained by the reaction of S-alkylthiosemicarbazide with various dicarbonyl derivatives. The compounds were characterized by IR, 1H NMR, ESI-MS and X-ray crystallography. Reaction with the dicarbonyl compound bearing the 4-fluorobenzoyl group unexpectedly gave a pyrazole derivative (T8) containing the entire S-methylthiosemicarbazone backbone. We extensively screened these derivatives for their antimicrobial activities against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and various bacterial and Candida strains. Additionally, the biofilm inhibition capacity of T8 was evaluated on Staphylococcus epidermidis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm positive strains. To find out the potential mechanism of anti-biofilm activity against PAO1, the docking studies of T8 were carried out into the binding site of LasR, which is the main regulator of bacterial cell-to-cell communication system known as quorum sensing.

The aim of this study was to evaluate Rheum ribes L. juice as a marinade against L. monocytogenes, E. coli O157:H7 and S. Typhimurium in vacuum packed raw beef. The juice was used at levels of 10%, 50%, and 100% for different marination times (2, 6 or 24 h). E. coli O157:H7 and S. Typhimurium counts in the marinated samples at 100% conc. for 24 h were found as 1.1 and 1.7 log10 lower than the control group on day 0, respectively (P

Five oxovanadium(IV) complexes were synthesized using acetyl- and benzoylacetone-S-alkyl-thiosemicarbazones (alkyl=methyl, ethyl, propyl or butyl) and salicylaldehyde. Structural characterization was performed by element analysis, infrared, mass and electronic spectra, and also single crystal X-ray crystallography for one sample. The purity of all the complexes was verified with Miller indices (hkl) observed and calculated angles, 2θ values and crystal sizes obtained from powder XRD diffraction. The in vitro cytotoxic activity was determined for the MCF-7, MDA-MB-231 and 3T3 cell lines with an MTT assay for 72 h. The complexes showed cytotoxicity against MCF-7, MDA-MB-231 and 3T3 cells at concentrations of 73–148, 75–224 and 112–176 μM, respectively. All the complexes had better cytotoxicity than the positive control, fluorouracil (5-FU). The complex containing the S-propyl group was the most effective complex, with the concentrations of 72.9 (for MCF-7) and 75.5 (for MDA-MB-231) µM. Furthermore, the ability of the complexes to inhibit elastase, xanthine oxidase and neuraminidase enzymes and their role in cell death was studied. All the complexes inhibited the elastase and xanthine oxidase enzymes at higher concentrations than the IC50 values found for the cytotoxicity. However, the IC50 values for the inhibition of neuraminidase by the complexes bearing ethyl and propyl groups are better than those of quercetin and are close to the values found for the cytotoxicity.

Aim In recent studies, it has been shown that the Transient Receptor Potential Melastatin-2 Channels (TRPM2) and Phospholipases A2 (PLA2) inhibitors may have a protective effect on neurons. This study was aimed to investigate the protective effect of TRPM2 and PLA2 inhibitor N-(p-amylcinnamoyl) Anthranilic Acid (ACA) in a neurodegenerative model induced by Okadaic Acid (OKA). Main methods OKA (200 ng/10 μl) was administered bilateral intracerebroventricularly as a single injection. Key findings OKA-treated rats showed significant impairments of spatial memory in Morris Water Maze Test. OKA-induced memory-impaired rats showed increased numbers of degenerated neurons and Caspase-3, tau phosphorylated ser396, β-amyloid positive cells in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex. Furthermore, OKA-treated rats exhibited significantly increased MDA, TNF-α levels, and decreased SOD, GSH-PX enzyme activates and GSH levels of the tissues. ACA administration ameliorated OKA-induced memory impairment in rats. The ACA treatment also increased SOD and GSH-PX enzyme activation and GSH levels, and conversely decreased the levels of MDA, TNF-α. It was found that the numbers of the degenerated neurons and Caspase-3 positive cells of cortex and hippocampus regions were significantly reduced. Significance ACA administration attenuates the oxidative stress and neuroinflammation of OKA-induced neurodegeneration; and ameliorates the cognitive decline and neurodegeneration.

Eighteen of the iron(III) and nickel(II) complexes with tetradentate thiosemicarbazidato ligands were synthesized and described, by analytical and spectroscopic methods. Two complexes as an example to the iron and nickel centered ones were crystallographically analyzed to confirm the molecular structures. Cytotoxic effects of the complexes on K562 chronic myeloid leukemia cells were determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. For comparison, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) was used as a noncancerous cell line. While four of the iron(III) complexes exhibited the antileukemic effect with 50% inhibition of cell growth (IC50) values in the 3.4 to 6.9 mu g/mL range on K562 cell line, the nickel(II) complexes showed no significant effect on both cell lines. The complexes Fe4, Fe5, and Fe6, bearing 4-methoxy substituent exhibited relatively high antiproliferative activity on both cell lines. Complex Fe3 with 3-methoxy and S-allyl groups exhibited a selectivity between K562 and HUVEC cells by IC50 values of 6.9 and >10 mu g/mL, respectively. Lipophilicity, a key parameter for bioavailability and oral administration, was found in the range of -0.3 and +1.3 that desired for drug active ingredients. The results were discussed in the context of a structure-activity relationship.

WOS: 000466887300006, PubMed ID: 30895485, One iron(III) and two manganese(III) complexes based on thiosemicarbazone were synthesized and characterized using analytical and spectroscopic data. The crystallographic analysis showed the square pyramid structures of the complexes. Electronic spectra analysis was performed to determine the nature of the interaction between the complexes and calf thymus DNA (CT-DNA). DNA cleavage activities of the complexes were examined by gel electrophoresis (pBR322 DNA). The cytotoxicity of the complexes was determined against human cervical carcinoma (HeLa) and human colorectal adenocarcinoma (HT-29) cell lines by MTT assay. The results indicated that complex Fe1 is bound to CT-DNA via the intercalation mode, while complexes Mn1 and Mn2 are bound to CT-DNA via groove binding and/or electrostatic interactions rather than the intercalation mode. In addition, they showed good binding activity, which followed the order of Fe1>Mn2>Mn1. Complexes were found to promote the cleavage of DNA from supercoiled form (SC, Form I) to nicked circular form (NC, Form II) without concurrent formation of Form III, revealing the single-strand DNA cleavage. No significant cleavage was found in the presence of Mn1 and Mn2; however, it was observed at 2000 and 3000 mu M concentrations of Fe1. The ability of Fe1 to cleave DNA was greater than that of other complexes and these results are in conformity with their DNA-binding affinities. Cytotoxicity determination tests revealed that the complex Fe1 on HeLa and HT-29 cells exhibited a higher anti-proliferative effect than Mn1 and Mn2 (Fe1>Mn2>Mn1). These studies suggested that the complex Fe1 could be a good candidate as a chemotherapeutic drug targeting DNA. [GRAPHICS], Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit of Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, This work was supported by the Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit of Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa. The authors acknowledge Scientific and Technological Research Application and Research Center, Sinop University, Turkey, for the use of the Bruker D8-QUEST diffractometer.

In vitro cytotoxicity and xanthine oxidase inhibition capabilities were investigated for five palladium (II) chelate complexes. The palladium complexes were synthesized by starting from S-alkyl-thiosemicarbazones where the alkyl component is methyl, ethyl, propyl or butyl. The solid complexes are characterized by elemental analysis and spectroscopic techniques (UV-visible, IR and 1H NMR). In order to be able to verify the N2O2-type thiosemicarbazidato ligand (L2−) structure in the square planar geometry, complex 1 has been studied as a representative by using single crystal X-ray crystallography. The in vitro cytotoxic activity measurements were carried out in HepG2 and Hep3B hepatocellular carcinomas, HCT116 colorectal carcinoma, and 3 T3 mouse fibroblast cell lines. The palladium complexes exhibited notable cytotoxic activities in all cell lines at lower μM concentrations compared to the standard chemicals, cisplatin and allopurinol. IC50 values were determined between 0.42 ± 0.01 and 12.01 ± 0.37 μg/ml in examining the antixanthine oxidase abilities of the complexes. Two complexes with S-methyl group exhibited a high inhibition activity on the xanthine oxidase. The results indicated that these complexes could be used as active pharmaceutical ingredients.

Type 1 diabetes (T1DM) is a common chronic disease in childhood. Increasing insulin resistance in puberty gives rise to higher doses of insulin usage in treatment. Of this reason new approaches in treatment are needed. Noopept researches suggest it to have anti-diabetic properties. We tried to determine the effects of noopept on pubertal diabetes.The research was made with 60 prepubertal, 28 day-old, male, Sprague Dawley rats. The rats were divided into randomised 6 groups (n = 10/group). i) Control, ii) Diabetes Control, iii) Noopept Control, iv) Diabetes + Noopept, v) Diabetes + Insulin, vi) Diabetes + Insulin + Noopept. T1DM model was induced by streptozotocin on postnatal 28th day. 0.5 mg/kg noopept and 1 IU insulin were administered intraperitoneally for 14 days. Blood glucose and body weight measurements, puberty follow-up and MWM tests were performed. Hippocampus, hypothalamus and testis were evaluated histologically. Hypothalamic GnRH and kisspeptin were studied immunohistochemically. Serum LH, FSH and insulin, hippocampal homogenate NGF and BDNF levels were determined by ELISA.Delayed puberty was normalized by noopept (p 0.05). Blood glucose levels were lower in noopept-administered diabetic groups (p 0.05). Noopept decreased HOMA-IR in insulin administered diabetic group (p 0.05). Number of degenerated cells in hippocampus and testis were higher in diabetes control group when compared with other groups (p 0.05). GnRH immunoreactivity in Diabetes + Noopept group was increased when compared to insulin + noopept group (p = 0.018). There was no difference in kisspeptin, serum LH, FSH, hippocampal NGF-BDNF levels and spatial learning assessment among groups (p 0.05).Noopept may have positive effect in treatment of pubertal diabetes.

The present study aimed to determine the level of felt stigma, overprotection, concealment, and concerns related to epilepsy in different life domains by using culturally-specific scales for Turkish individuals with epilepsy. Also, it aimed to detect relations among the study variables and to determine the variables which predict felt stigma. For this purpose, felt stigma scale, overprotection scale, concealment of epilepsy scale, and concerns of epilepsy scale were administered to two hundred adult persons with epilepsy (PWE). The results showed that almost half of the participants reported felt stigma, overprotection, concealment of epilepsy, concerns related to future occupation, and concerns related to social life. Almost all the study variables show correlations with each other. Concealment of epilepsy, concerns related to social life, and concerns related to future occupation were found as the predictors of felt stigma. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Iron(III) and nickel(II) complexes from acetylacetone-S-methyl-thiosemicarbazone were synthesized and characterized. The thiosemicarbazidato structures of N2O2 are N1-acetylacetone, N4-salicyl/3-methoxy/5-bromo-/3,5-dichlorosalicylidene. The square-pyramidal iron(III) and square-planar nickel(II) complexes of N1-acetylacetone-N4-3-methoxy thiosemicarbazidato were determined by X-ray diffraction. Electrochemical characterizations of the complexes were carried out by using cyclic voltammetry and square wave voltammetry. While nickel(II) complexes only give ligand based reduction and oxidation reactions, iron(III) complexes give reversible FeIII/FeII reduction in addition to the ligand based processes. Changing of the substituents on the ligand, shifts the redox processes and also affects the stabilities of the electrogenerated species. With respect to the reduction potential of FeIII/FeII couple, the most easily reduced complex was 3,5-dichloro substituted complexes and the most difficult to reduce was the ...

The aim of this study was to develop two culture-specific scales to measure the level of felt stigma, and level of concealment of Turkish adult people with epilepsy (PWE). For this purpose, a 10-item felt-stigma scale and a 17-item disclosure of epilepsy scale were developed and then applied to 200 adult PWE. After item and factor analyses of the stigma scale, the 10 items with a one-factor solution explained 45.6% of the variance with a 0.86 internal consistency value. Higher scores represent higher felt stigma. The concealment of epilepsy scale has 17 items loaded on one factor, which explained 45.1% of the variance. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was found to be 0.92. The higher the score, the higher the concealment of illness by the participant. For convergent validity, the relationship between stigma and disclosure scales was examined, and a positive significant relation (r=0.64, p

The purpose of the study is to examine the acquisitions of the 2009-2017 Life Science Curriculum in terms of raising awareness in relation to the disabled. This research is a analytical research model. Data source of the research is the 2009 and 2017 Life Science Curriculum. The 2009 curriculum includes 14 acquisitions and four activities aiming at raising awareness in relation to the disabled and the 2017 curriculum includes six acquisitions. Contrary to this, the skills and personal qualities included in the 2009 curriculum included statements aiming at raising awareness in relation to the disabled. Although there is no title called "personal qualifications" in the 2017 curriculum, these qualifications are treated as values. It is thought that it is important to increase the gains and examples of activities that will provide awareness of disability in the Life Science Curriculum to be prepared., Bu araştırmanın amacı 2009-2017 Hayat Bilgisi Öğretim Programı kazanımlarının engellilere yönelik farkındalık oluşturması açısından incelenmesidir. Araştırma analitik araştırma modelidir. Araştırmanın dokümanlarını 2009 ve 2017 Hayat Bilgisi Öğretim Programı oluşturmaktadır. 2009 programı’nda engellilere yönelik farkındalık oluşturacak nitelikte 14 kazanım ve dört etkinlik, 2017 programı’nda ise altı kazanım yer almaktadır. Ancak bu kazanım ve etkinliklerin çoğu engellilere yönelik farkındalık oluşturmaya yönelik açık ve net ifadeler içermemektedir. 2009 programında yer alan beceri ve kişisel niteliklerde engelli bireylere yönelik farkındalık oluşturacak ifadelere rastlanmıştır. 2017 programında kişisel nitelikler adında bir başlık bulunmasa da söz konusu nitelikler değerler olarak ele alınkıştır. Hazırlanacak Hayat Bilgisi öğretim programlarında engellilere yönelik farkındalığı sağlayacak kazanımların ve etkinlik örneklerinin artırılmasının önemli olduğu düşünülmektedir.

New iron(III) and manganese(III) complexes were synthesized by the condensation of 1-phenyl-1,3-butanedione-S-propyl-thiosemicarbazone (1) with salicylaldehyde in the presence of iron(III) or manganese(II) ions. The complexes were characterised by analytical and spectroscopic methods. X-ray analysis displayed the square pyramidal environments of the iron and manganese ions. The electrochemical behaviors of the iron(III) (1a) and manganese(III) (1b) complexes were studied by cyclic voltammetry and square wave voltammetry in different solvents. Both complexes displayed metal-based electron transfer reactions in addition to ligand based irreversible reduction and oxidation processes, which were affected by the type of metal. Spectroelectrochemical methods were used to examine the electrogenerated species of the complexes and to define the redox processes. The total antioxidant capacity (as the TEAC value) and free radical scavenging activities (FRS%) of the compounds were determined. The TEAC values of 1 (2.78), 1a (1.63) and 1b (1.28) are higher than those of vitamin C (0.96).

In the literature, it is proved that grooved pipe models are thermally more efficient than the smooth pipe model. Different than the previous studies in which the groove dimensions are constant along the pipe, we study the effect of groove radius and the gap between adjacent grooves on the local heat transfer coefficients using computational fluid dynamics software. The grooved section consists of three sub-sections to see the effects of groove dimension in stream-wise flow direction. We vary the radius of circular grooves parametrically in each section to optimize the local groove radius throughout the pipe. We couple the fluid flow (1200

Thiosemicarbozone complexes that have a broad spectrum of biological activity are formed as a result of condensation reaction between thiosemicarbazide [H2N(C=S)-NH-NH2] and carbonyl-containing compounds. A new Nickel(II) complexes with N1-acetylacetone, N4-4-methoxy-salicylidene-thiosemicarbazidato ligand was synthesized and characterized. We studied the antileukemic activity of the Ni(II) thiosemicarbazone compound and assessed their potential for drug development. Specifically, the effects of this Ni(II) thiosemicarbazone compound on intracellular signal nodes and apoptotic pathways were investigated. According to our results, the Ni(II) thiosemicarbazone compound has apoptotic activity against HL60 cells. Moreover, while Ni(II) thiosemicarbazone compound significantly increased levels of p53 and cleaved caspase-3 proteins, it decreased level of Phospho-Akt1 protein in HL60 cells. The Ni(II) thiosemicarbazone compound could induce HL60 cell apoptosis through inhibiting of PI3K/Akt pathway. These results showed that Ni(II) thiosemicarbozone compound might be an antileukemic agent.