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Vulvar squamous cell carcinoma associated with lichen sclerosus (VLS-VSCC) are rare tumors but with higher recurrence and worse prognosis than other types of VSCC. Lack of experimental models has limited the search for better understanding of the biology and development of treatment modalities. In this study, we isolated and characterized primary cells from VSCC (n = 7) and normal vulvar tissue adjacent to tumor (n = 7). Detailed characterization of the novel spontaneously immortalized cell line, VCC1 revealed a characteristic epithelial morphology in vitro and a well-differentiated keratinizing SCC histology in vivo, closely resembling the tumor of origin. VCC1 expressed higher levels of epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers and higher clonogenic properties as compared to other established non VLS-VSCC cell lines. In vitro 3D organotypic assays and in vivo xenografts revealed a prominent role of cancer-associated fibroblasts in VCC1 invasion and tumor formation. In conclusion, VCC1 mirrored several major VLS-VSCC features and provided a robust experimental tool for further elucidation of VLS-related oncogenesis and drug testing., (Copyright © 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background: Hysteroscopic transcervical resection of the endometrium and submucous fibroids has been performed to treat excessive uterine bleeding as an alternative to hysterectomy. The present study aims to evaluate the treatment effect of this procedure at our department., Methods: Retrospective record review and a questionnaire 4-10 years after surgery. Patients' characteristics, symptoms, medical treatment prior to surgery, uterine size, weight of resectate, blood loss, glycine loss, operative time, complications, procedures per surgeon, indications, frequency and time to hysterectomy, dysmenorrhea related to prior tubal ligation, the presence of adenomyosis related to later hysterectomy, and patient satisfaction., Results: In the period 1992-1998, 386 patients had 390 procedures performed by six different surgeons. 49.5% of patients had fibroids and 46.9% had a prior tubal sterilization. During operations, 6% had a hemoglobin loss of more than 2.5 g/dl, and 2.1% had a glycine loss of more than 1.51. Uterine perforations were encountered in 31 cases (8%), of which only 2 led to a laparotomy. During the time of follow-up of 4-10 years, 16.6% of patients had a hysterectomy, usually because of pain or bleeding, and 50% of these were done within 2 years after the initial hysteroscopic procedure. Malignancy was found in the resectate in 6 of the patients (1.5%) despite a normal preoperative cytological or histological endometrial sample, and all these had a hysterectomy. Adenomyosis was not related to later hysterectomy and dysmenorrhea did not seem to increase after the procedure., Conclusions: For 83.4% of the patients, the problem of uterine bleeding was solved by the hysteroscopic resection, and major surgery was avoided. Long-term results did not correlate to surgeon's experience. Patient satisfaction was high.