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In this paper, we study approximation properties of single hidden layer neural networks with weights varying on finitely many directions and thresholds from an open interval. We obtain a necessary and at the same time sufficient measure theoretic condition for density of such networks in the space of continuous functions. Further, we prove a density result for neural networks with a specifically constructed activation function and a fixed number of neurons., 12 pages

Automobiles account for a significant share of global output and trade. Since automobile manufacturing is widely considered to be an engine of economic development, a number of countries, including Turkey and South Korea, have pursued industrial policies in the automobile sector, with mixed success. While the two countries started from similar initial conditions and both devised and implemented automobile industrial policies, the outcomes were very different. The Korean automobile sector has far outperformed its Turkish counterpart. The difference in policy outcomes begs an obvious question of why that happened. This paper’s central objective is to find answers to that question by analyzing and comparing industrial policies in the automobile sector. To do so, we develop a list of qualitative and quantitative criteria in order to assess and explain the different outcomes. We base our analysis on a review of the historical development of the automobile sector and policies in both countries. Our analysis suggests that differences in state capacity and hence quality of industrial policies help explain the differential performance of the automobile industry in the two countries. © 2020, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.

WOS: 000505360300001 As a developmental turning point, emerging adulthood has been a recent focus for researchers investigating both resilience and psychopathology. The aim of this study was to examine the roles of negative experiences and the nature of the relationship with parents and siblings in the resilience of college students as emerging adults. The study group included Turkish college students as emerging adults (199 females and 101 males) who lived apart from their parents, had at least one sibling and had experienced at least one negative event. Data were collected from Child and Youth Resilience, Adverse Life Events Form, Parent-Adolescent Relationship Scale, and Lifespan Sibling Relationship Scale. Hierarchical regression analysis was performed to determine the extent to which the independent variables explained the resilience variance. The results revealed that negative life experiences were significant factors in explaining resilience. Moreover, neither a positive nor a negative relationship with the mother had an effect on explaining the resilience, while a positive relationship with the father was an important factor in explaining resilience. Meantime, the role of protective factors in terms of family relationships and the quality of sibling relationships sustained in this period were significant relational strengths for resilience. All these results are considered to be significant contributions to the culturally meaningful family functionality and the resilience of college students as emerging adults.

Amaç: Bilişsel mekanizmalar gelişimsel dönemlerde çevresel zorlayıcı olaylardan etkilenebilir ve bilişsel çarpıtmalar ortaya çıkabilir. Bilişsel çarpıtmalar psikiyatrik hastalıkların klinik seyrini etkilemektedirler. Bu çalışmada bipolar bozuklukta (BB) ve major depresif bozukluk-yineleyen dönemler (MDB-YD) çocukluk çağı travmaları (ÇÇT) ile duygu düzenleme güçlüğünün (DDG), otomatik düşünceler (OD) ve üstbilişler (ÜB) üzerindeki etkileri incelenmiştir. Yöntem: Çalışmamız 81 MDB-YD, 85 BB hastası ile 86 sağlıklı kontrol grubu olmak üzere 252 katılımcıdan oluşmaktadır. Ölçüm araçları olarak Otomatik Düşünce Ölçeği (ODÖ), Üstbiliş Ölçeği (ÜBÖ), Çocukluk Çağı Travmaları Ölçeği (ÇÇTÖ), Duygu Düzenleme Güçlüğü Ölçeği (DDGÖ) kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: BB grubun OD’leri ile ÇÇTÖ fiziksel istismar (β=0,34; p

Amaç – Turizm işletmelerinin rekabet avantajı elde etmek için hizmet kalitelerini çalışanların duygularını yöneterek elde etmeye çalışmaları örgütsel başarıda yeterli bir faktör olmamakla birlikte duygusal emeğin olumsuz etkileri de göz alındığında işletmelerin faaliyetlerinde verimli olabilmeleri için çalışanların katkısına ihtiyaç vardır. Bu çalışmanın amacı psikolojik sermaye ve duygusal emeğin örgütsel bağlılık üzerindeki etkisini araştırmaktır. Yöntem – Alan araştırması şeklinde yürütülen bu çalışmada veriler anket aracılığıyla toplanmıştır. Gaziantep ilinde 4 ve 5 yıldızlı otel işletmelerini kapsayan çalışmanın örneklem grubu 228 çalışandan oluşmaktadır. Verilerin analizinde, keşfedici ve doğrulayıcı faktör analizleri yapılmış, değişkenler arası korelasyonlar tespit edilmiş ve yapısal eşitlik modeli ile modelin uyum iyiliği testleri ve regresyon analizi yapılmıştır. Bulgular – Yapılan analizler neticesinde, çalışanların duygusal emek düzeylerinin örgütsel bağlılık düzeyleri üzerinde negatif ve anlamlı bir etkisinin olduğu, psikolojik sermaye düzeylerinin ise örgütsel bağlılık düzeyleri üzerinde pozitif ve anlamlı bir etkisinin olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Tartışma – Psikolojik sermayenin zorluklar karşısında çalışanlarda olumlu duyguları arttırıcı etkisi ve olumsuzluklara karşı motive edici etkisi çalışanların örgütlerine karşı hissetmiş oldukları olumsuz duyguları azaltabilmektedir. Gerek duygusal emekten kaynaklanan olumsuz durumlar karşısında çalışanların psikolojik kaynaklarının güçlendirilmesi gerekse de örgütsel bağlılığının güçlendirilmesi açısından çalışanların psikolojik sermayelerinin arttırılması örgütlere önemli bir avantaj sağlayacaktır. Purpose – While the efforts of tourism businesses for achieving service quality to obtain competitive advantage by managing the feelings of their employees is not a factor that is sufficient in organizational success, considering the negative effects of emotional effort, businesses need the contribution of their employees to be productive in their activities. The aim of this study is to determine the effects of psychological capital and emotional labor on organizational commitment Design/methodology/approach: – In this study carried out in the format of field research, the data were collected by survey technique. The sample group of the study, which covers four and five-star hotels operating in Gaziantep, consists of 228 employees. In the analysis of the data, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyzes were used, correlations between variables were determined and goodness of fit tests and regression analysis were conducted with the structural equation model. Findings – As a result of the analyzes, it has been concluded that the emotional labor levels of the employees have a negative and significant effect on the levels of organizational commitment and that the psychological capital levels have a positive and significant effect on their organizational commitment levels. Discussion – Thanks to the increasing effect of positive feelings and motivating effect against the difficulties psychological capital can reduce negative feelings that the employees feel against their organizations. Increasing the psychological capital of the employees in terms of strengthening the psychological resources of the employees and strengthening their organizational commitment in the face of the negative situations caused by emotional labor will provide a significant advantage to the organizations.

Financial inclusion has been proved as a strategy to fight poverty. Africa is a continent where the poverty rate is high and the financial sector is not developed. The continent needs more financial innovation and an increase of financial access to fight these problems. Mobile money, a mobile based financial service has been including more and more people in the financial system and the sector is growing. A lot of studies grew interest in this new financial service but none studied the system strategically. This study uses the strategic approach SWOT, completed by TOWs matrix to ascertain the current status and the future of Mobile money services. The results revealed several strengths and significant opportunities for the system as well as its weaknesses and threats. Several strategies are proposed afterward.

Modern type of business organizations was started in Ethiopian before hundred years ago and the number is tremendously increasing nowadays. However, there was no one set of generally accepted accounting standard used by business organization in the country till December 2014 when IFRS was proclaimed as the law of the land. Though IFRS was accepted for financial reporting in the country starting from 2014, the level of preparedness in teaching IFRS in Ethiopian universities was not studied. This paper is aimed at identifying problems in teaching IFRS among teachers in Ethiopia universities. To achieve this objective, data was collected from 46 academic staffs working in six universities in the country. The study found that teachers in relatively old universities are trying to incorporate IFRS in their course plan as compared to those in recently established universities. Generally, the level of preparedness to incorporate IFRS is low in majority of the universities under study. Lack of text books in line with IFRS, problem of integrating IFRS in to the curriculum and lack of practical experiences are the top three bottle necks that hinder teaching IFRS in our universities. In order to prepare our staffs to teach in line with IFRS, both short and long term capacity building strategies were recommended in this study.

Over past few years, the global financial crisis shows certain influence on emerging financial markets including Viet nam. Therefore, this study chooses an analytical approach to give some systematic opinions on how much some certain determinants such as income tax and leverage, affect the level of market risk in listed tourism companies. First, it calculates equity and asset beta values in three different scenarios of changing tax rates and changing the level of financial leverage. Second, under 3 different scenarios of changing tax rates (20%, 25% and 28%), we recognized that there is not large disperse in equity beta values, estimated at 0,753 for current leverage situation. Third, by changing tax rates in 3 scenarios (25%, 20% and 28%), we recognized both equity and asset beta mean values have positive relationship with the increasing level of tax rate. Last but not least, this paper covers some ideas and policy suggestions.

This study aims to examine the effect of Corporate Governance and Share Ownership Structure on Tax Avoidance. The share ownership structure uses controlling shareholders who have the largest shareholding in the company with ownership of between 20-50%. This study used manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during 2015-2017, with 99 observation data and the analytical used multiple linear regression. The results of the study show that both corporate governance and the share ownership structure proxied using controlling shareholders have an effect on tax avoidance.

WOS: 000489681000004 Aim: We believe that automatic external defibrillators are not common in our country and aimed to compare the knowledge and skills of senior students in paramedical, nursing and medical faculties on recognizing cardiopulmonary arrest (CPA) case, providing proper chest compression and maintenance of ventilation as well as evaluating cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) cycle one month before starting profession. Materials and Methods: Fifty senior students from paramedic department, 50 senior students from nursing department and 50 senior students from medical school were included in the study. The participants were asked 10 theoretical questions to evaluate their basic resuscitation knowledge. Each participant was then asked to intervene in a suspicious CPA case using Prestan Adult CPR Manikin alone in a separate room. Results: The highest rate of correct answers given to theoretical questions related to CPR was in paramedic students with a mean score of 7.34 +/- 1.99 points among the students of these three departments (p=0.001). The mean scores of both theoretical and practical application of paramedic students were found to be significantly higher than the students of the nursing and medical faculties, when all three groups were compared with each other with regard to their mean success scores of theoretical and practical applications. Conclusion: In our study, the mean scores of both theoretical and practical application of paramedic students were found to be significantly higher than the other groups.

Capital structure is one of the fundamental aspects to the success of Deposit Taking Savings (DPS) and Credit Cooperative Societies (CCS) as it influences the realization of its objectives and goals. The study intended to determine the effect of two capital structure determinants; liquidity and dividend payout, on financial performance as measured by Return on Assets of DPS and CCS, in Kenya. The study was grounded on the Pecking order and Free cash flow capital structure theories. The study utilized a mixed research design using primary and secondary data for the period 2013 to 2017. The population of the study was 174 DPS and CCS. Stratified and purposive sampling technique was employed. Descriptive statistics and a regression model were used to analyze the data. Results revealed that liquidity and dividend pay-out had a significant and positive effect on the financial performance of DPS and CCS in Kenya. The study concluded that liquidity and dividend pay-out play a significant role in the financial performance of DPS and CCS. The study recommends having in place an Assets and Liabilities Committee in each DPS and CCS that would help manage the assets and liabilities of the institution, ensuring adequate liquidity and cash flow management. Having in place a robust dividend policy that addresses; the basis of the rate of payments and activities that would require funding of which internally generated funds by way of dividend retention, is also critical.

The reinforcements of nanoparticles have an important role in improving the machinability of nanocomposite materials. Except for the known nanoparticles such as carbon nanotube, graphene, nanoclay, etc., the effect of boron nitride reinforcement on the machinability of composite materials are a recent research topic. In this study, boron nitride nanoparticle was introduced to the matrix resin that brings about additional strength and enhancement in thermal and mechanical properties of the composite. Though it was confirmed that this composition enhances the focused properties, it is necessary to investigate drilling performance of these composite and identify the effects of this boron nitride nanoparticle on machinability of carbon fiber epoxy nanocomposite considering thrust force, delamination factor, etc. Accordingly, while the thrust force is increased by reinforcement of the boron nitride nanoparticles, on the contrary of literature, delamination factor is tend to reduce as compared with reference composite. This experimental study shows the addition of boron nitride nanoparticles help to reduce delamination factor of carbon fiber epoxy nanocomposite. In addition, hole surfaces and drilling mechanism analyzed with optical and scanning electron microscope about damage estimation. © The Author(s) 2019.

Developments of composite materials with organic and inorganic components discover the new possibilities in material science. At present, the numerous kinds of polymer materials with various physical mechanical and electro physical characteristics are used as organic matrix. Numerous piezoelectric materials with various properties are as inorganic phase of composites. Such combination of composite components properties allows to create both micro and nanoactive dielectrics. In this paper there have been presented the results of mathematical modeling of the molecular structure of polymer matrix hybrid micro- and nanocomposites materials having three phases: polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) molecule, micro particle of Pb(ZrTiO3) piezoelectric and nanoparticle of (SiO2)6 dielectric (PVDF + Pb(ZrTiO3) + (SiO2)6) by using of Parameterized Model number 3 (PM3) semi empirical method. Molecular orbitals energy, potential ionization, the total electronic energy of PVDF + Pb(ZrTiO3) + (SiO2)6 nanocomposite have been calculated. The theoretical models of (SiO2)n nanoparticle, Pb(ZrTiO3) microparticle and polymer matrix of PVDF 2(h-(-chf-chf-)10-h) + (SiO2)6 + PbZrTiO3 hybrid micro- and nanocomposite are constructed. The results of calculations show that PVDF + Pb(ZrTiO3) + (SiO2)6 nanocomposite is solid, electrophile, dielectrical and stable material. The wavelength of radiated photon is l228 nm. The elasticity of PVDF + Pb(ZrTiO3) + (SiO2)6 nanocomposite is more than twice the elasticity of PVDF polymer. They will find a wide application in radio engineering, electronics, optoelectronics and piezo technic, seismic and acoustic technics.

Sosyal sermaye, yirminci yüzyılın başlarından itibaren oldukça popüler bir çalışma alanı halinegelmiştir. Sosyal bilimler alanında yapılan çalışmalara konu olan bu kavram, literatürde öncelikle toplumsaldüzeyde incelenmiş, konuya ilişkin ilginin artmasıyla beraber özellikle iktisat ve işletme literatüründe üzerindesıklıkla durulan popüler bir çalışma alanı haline gelmiştir. Çalışma kapsamında, sosyal sermaye yönetimininörgütsel düzeyde işletmelere hangi katkıları sağlayabileceği incelenmiştir. Sosyal sermayenin önemli bir boyutuolan güven (trust) boyutu bu kapsamda toplumsal ilişkilerin açıklanmasında kullanılan yönleri ile işletmeörgütlerine uyarlanmıştır. Tüm örgütlenmelerde olduğu gibi, işletmelerde de belirli amaçları bir araya getirmeküzere oluşturulan örgütler üzerinde de güvenin tesis edilmesi ve sürekliliğe kavuşturulması organizasyonlarınbaşarısı açısından kritik bir öneme sahiptir. Örgütsel düzeyde güvenin sağlanması çalışanlarınperformanslarını, iş tatminini ve örgütsel bağlılığını olumlu yönde etkileyeceği düşünülmektedir. Sosyal sermayeliteratüründe, sosyal sermayenin işletmeler açısından değerlendirildiği çalışmalar genellikle sosyal sermayeninölçümlenmesi ve ekonomik kalkınma üzerindeki etkileri üzerine yoğunlaşmıştır. Ayrıca, işletmelerde örgütselperformans ve örgütsel sadakat üzerine yapılan çalışmalar da literatürde yer almaktadır. Ancak, literatürdesosyal sermayenin güven boyutunun işletme örgütlerinin performans ve bağlılığa yönelik etkilerinin doğrudan yada dolaylı olarak değerlendirildiği sınırlı sayıda çalışmaya rastlanılmaktadır. Bu yüzden konunun ayrıntılarıyladeğerlendirilmesi ve işletmenin sosyal sermaye düzeylerinin arttırılmasının örgütsel düzeyde işletmelere ne gibikatkılar sağlayacağının irdelenmesi de önemli gözükmektedir. Bu kapsamda, bu çalışmada literatürde yer alanörgütsel performans ve örgütsel bağlılığa yönelik çalışmalardan yola çıkılarak, sosyal sermaye ve sosyalsermaye-güven ilişkisine yönelik bilgiler ışığında örgütsel performans ve örgütsel bağlılık kavramlarınıgüçlendirmek açısından sosyal sermayenin güven boyutunun işletme örgütleri açısından önemi ortayakonulmaya çalışılmıştır. Since the beginning of 20 th century, social capital has become a very popular field of study. As a subjectarea in social sciences, this concept was first examined at the social level in the related literature. With the increasing interest, it has become a popular field of study, especially in economics and business administration.The present study attempts to investigate what social capital management can contribute to enterprises atorganizational level. Trust, which is an important aspect of social capital, has been adapted to businessorganizations in terms of social relations. As is the case in all enterprises, the establishment and sustainability oftrust in the organizations established to achieve specific goals plays a critical role in the success of suchorganizations. Ensuring trust at the organizational level is expected to have a positively effect on employees'performances, job satisfaction and organizational commitment. In the relevant literature, the studies regardingwith the social capital in enterprises are mainly focused on the measurement of social capital and its effects oneconomic development. There are also some studies that concentrate on organizational performance andorganizational loyalty in enterprises. However, in the related literature, there is lack of studies that directly orindirectly investigated the impact of the social capital on the performance and commitment of businessorganizations. Therefore, it seems to be crucial to analyse the issue in detail and to evaluate the effects ofincreasing social capital levels of enterprises. In the light of the studies that focus on social capital and socialcapital-trust relationship, this study tries to emphasize the importance of trust in social capital in terms ofbusiness organizations in order to enhance organizational performance and organizational commitment.

Early and effective network intrusion detection is deemed to be a critical basis for cybersecurity domain. In the past decade, although a significant amount of work has focused on network intrusion detection, it is still a challenge to establish an intrusion detection system with a high detection rate and a relatively low false alarm rate. In this paper, we have performed a comprehensive empirical study on network intrusion detection as a multiclass classification task, not just to detect a suspicious connection but also to assign the correct type as well. To surpass the previous studies, we have utilized four deep learning models, namely, deep neural networks, long short-term memory recurrent neural networks, gated recurrent unit recurrent neural networks, and deep belief networks. Our approach relies on the pretraining of the models by exploiting a particle swarm optimization–based algorithm for their hyperparameters selection. In order to investigate the performance differences, we also included two well-known shallow learning methods, namely, decision forest and decision jungle. Furthermore, we used in our experiments four datasets, which are dedicated to intrusion detection systems to explore various environments. These datasets are KDD CUP 99, NSL-KDD, CIDDS, and CICIDS2017. Moreover, 22 evaluation metrics are used to assess the model's performance in each of the datasets. Finally, intensive quantitative, Friedman test, and ranking methods analyses of our results are provided at the end of this paper. The results show a significant improvement in the detection of network attacks with our recommended approach. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Bu çalışma, tarihi ve kültürel mekanların sanat eserlerinin sergilenmesi amacıyla kullanılmasısırasında yaşanan sergileme sorunlarının tespitini ve bu sorunlara yönelik çözüm önerilerigetirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu makalenin hedefleri arasında söz konusu mekanların işletmesinielinde bulunduran kurumların sorunların varlığına yönelik olarak dikkatlerini çekmek debulunmaktadır. Amaç doğrultusunda Kuzey Kıbrıs Türk Cumhuriyeti’nin üç turizm kenti olanLefkoşa, Mağusa ve Girne’deki yapılar makaleye konu edilmiş ve bunlarla sınırlandırılmıştır.Çalışmada nitel araştırma yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Araştırma alanlarında gözlem yapılmış, tarihimekanların bağlı bulundukları kurum ve yöneticilerden mekanların mimari ve fiziki durumları ilekullanım ajandaları hakkında bilgiler temin edilmiştir. Ayrıca konuyla ilintili bilimsel makalelertaranmış, değerlendirmeler bu bilgi ve gözlemler çerçevesinde yapılmıştır. Orijinal fonksiyonunuyitirmiş ve günümüzde kültür turizmine hizmet etmekte olan bu yapılar sanatsal aktivitelersırasında da gözlemlenmiş, incelenmiş ve mevcut olanaklarıyla ihtiyaca ne ölçüde cevap verdikleribelirlenmiştir. Söz konusu yapıların sanat eserlerinin sergilenmesine uygunluğu çağdaş sergilemekriterleri çerçevesinde değerlendirilmiştir.&nbsp, This article aims to identify problems and offer solutions about the use of historical and culturalsites as exhibition areas for art pieces. This article also aims to draw the attention of institutionsadministering the sites in question, namely, Nicosia, Famagusta and Kyrenia -the three majortouristic centers in Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus. In this article, qualitative researchapproach is utilized, which includes observations on the above-mentioned sites, data collection onsites’ architectural and physical conditions as well as their event calendar. In addition, these siteswhich have lost their original purpose of construction have been observed during events in order tofind out to what extent they meet the needs. Also, the level of usability has been identified with theircurrent utilities based on the criteria of the modern exhibition techniques of art pieces.&nbsp

İnsanoğlunun binlerce yıldır devam eden seramik ile ilişkisi, son on yılda çok farklı bir noktayaulaşmıştır. Dijital teknolojinin gelişimi ile birlikte ortaya çıkan yeni biçimlendirme teknikleri,sanatçılara ve tasarımcılara, kendilerini ifade etmede yeni olanaklar sağlamıştır. Lazer yazıcılardabulunan demir oksit ve seramik tonerlerin kullanımı ile birlikte, bilgisayar ortamında tasarlanangörseller, çıkartma kağıtları kullanılarak sırlı seramik yüzeylere aktarılabilmektedir. Dijitalortamda oluşturulan görsellerin seramik yüzeylere aktarılması iki farklı teknik kullanılarakmümkün olmaktadır. Bunlardan birincisi lazer baskı olarak bilinen içerisinde demir oksitbarındıran siyah tonerlerin kullanılması ile olmaktadır. Diğer yöntem ise yüksek ısıya dayanıklıseramik tonerlerin kullanılması ile gerçekleştirilir.Bu makalede seramik sanatında bu baskı tekniklerini kullanan sanatçılara ve eserlerindenbazılarına yer verilmiş, ayrıca bu tekniklerin süreçleri ile ilgili açıklamalar yapılmıştır. Esergörselleri üzerinden yapılan yorumlar ile birlikte, dijital baskı tekniklerinin süreçleri de aşamalarıile birlikte görselleştirilmiştir.&nbsp, The relationship of mankind with the ceramicslasting for ages has reached a very different pointin the last decade. The new shaping techniques emerging from the development of digital technologyhave provided new possibilities to the artists and designers to better express themselves. With theuse of iron oxide in laser printers and ceramic toners, images can be transferred to glazed ceramicsurfaces using computer designed water slide papers. Images created digitally can be transferred toceramic surfaces using two different techniques. The first one is the use of black toner containingiron oxide, known as laser printing. The other method is to use high temperature resistant ceramictoners.This article explains the processes of ceramic printing techniques showing the progress at differentstages. It also introduces the ceramic artists who use both techniques and includes some commentson their works.&nbsp

Bu araştırma, işiten ve işitme engelli öğrencilerin morfolojik farkındalık becerilerinin okuma sürecindeki rolünü gelişimsel bakış açısıyla incelemeyi amaçlayan nedensel karşılaştırmalı betimsel bir çalışmadır. Araştırmaya, farklı eğitim düzeylerinde (ilkokul, ortaokul ve lise) öğrenimlerine devam eden 67 işitme engelli öğrenci ile bu öğrencilerle aynı sınıf düzeylerinde öğrenim gören 74 işiten öğrenci olmak üzere toplam 141 öğrenci katılmıştır. Araştırma grubunun morfolojik farkındalık bilgi ve becerileri a) morfolojik duyarlık ve b) morfolojik farkındalık becerileri değerlendirme işlemleri ile değerlendirilmiştir. Araştırmanın verileri, varyans analizi (GLM-Anova) ile iki faktörlü Manova (GLM-Manova) kullanılarak analiz edilmiş ve yapılan analiz sonucunda işitme engelli öğrencilerin morfolojik farkındalık becerilerinin işiten öğrencilere göre anlamlı derecede düşük olduğu görülmüştür. Araştırmanın tartışma bölümünde, işitme engelli öğrencilerde görülen düşük morfolojik farkındalık performanslarının onların genel okuma ve okuduğunu anlama süreçlerine yansımaları ayrıntılı olarak tartışılmıştır. This research is a descriptive study aimed at examining the role of morphological awareness skills of deaf and hearing students on the reading process from a developmental perspective. A total of 141 students (67 deaf and 74 hearing students) from different levels of education (primary school, junior high school, and high school) participated in the research. Morphological awareness knowledge and skills of the research group were evaluated by two independent paradigms: a) morphological sensitivity, and b) morphological awareness paradigms. The data of the study were analyzed using variance analysis (GLM-Anova) and two-factor Manova (GLM-Manova), and the results showed that morphological awareness skills of deaf students were significantly lower than their hearing counterparts in all educational levels. Evidence for the present study is discussed with reference to reflections of poor morphological awareness performances in deaf students to their general reading and reading comprehension processes were discussed in detail.Keywords: Morphological awareness

The advances in social media applications have changed the way we communicate, interact, share and conduct our relationships. In our “web society”, generating dialogical communication is becoming more and more important. The web 2.0 is enabling organizations to engage in dialogue with their audience, thus transforming their communication into a more interactive manner. The effects of this transformation is also witnessed in the way theater institutions are communicating with their publics. Due to the dialogic communication fostered by web 2.0 tools, the relationship between theaters and their audience is becoming more interactive, intersubjective and collaborative. The aim of this article is to assess the level of dialogic communication developed by theaters on the internet, by analyzing the use of Instagram and Instagram stories of seven theatres from public and private sector in Turkey. Taking Kent and Taylor’s dialogical principles as its assessment criteria, the article aims to shed a light on how Instagram is to be used dialogically by theater institutions to foster a strong level of communication and thus fulfill their goal of enlightening the society., Sosyal medya uygulamalarında gözlemlenen baş döndürücü gelişmeler, iletişim biçimlerimizi, etkileşimi, paylaşımı ve ilişkilerimizi yönetim biçimimizi etkilemektedir. Günümüz ağ toplumunda, diyalojik iletişim uygulamaları daha da önem kazanmaktadır. Web 2.0, kurumlara kitleleriyle diyalog kurmaya imkan sağlayarak daha etkileşimsel bir iletişimi mümkün kılmıştır. Bu dönüşümün etkileri tiyatro kurumlarının seyircisiyle olan iletişiminde de gözlemlenmiştir. Web 2.0 araçlarının sağladığı diyalojik iletişimle birlikte, tiyatrolar ve izleyicileri arasındaki ilişki her geçen gün daha etkileşimsel ve öznelerarası olmaktadır. Bu makalenin amacı, tiyatroların internet üzerinde takipçileriyle olan iletişim biçimlerini diyalojik açıdan değerlendirmektir. Bunun için Türkiye’deki kamu ve özel tiyatrolara ait 7 Instagram hesabı ve bu hesaplara ait Instagram hikayeleri incelenecek ve Kent ve Taylor’ın diyalojik iletişim prensipleri temel alınarak, tiyatro kurumlarının takipçileriyle daha kuvvetli bir iletişim kurmak adına Instagram’ı nasıl kullandıkları gözler önüne serilecektir.

Facebook is the preferred social networking service (SNS) platform among Tunisian users for social commerce (SC) and consumer-to-consumer (C2C) commercial activities. This article aims to increase the understanding of the influencing factors of C2C SC activities and provide a new interpretation of the evolution of C2C SC models in Tunisia's fastest growing trend. In order to fulfill this goal, we performed a literature review to update existing multi-facet framework that combines four important dimensions with new fundamental components: incentive systems, information and communication technologies (ICT), participative web, and e-business rules and regulations. This study has shown that these influencing factors are the key ingredients driving the evolution of C2C SC business models in Tunisia and the consideration of the four dimensions founded in our study will aid ECOM professionals to enable the widespread occurrence of C2C SC activities and can drive the success of these business models in Tunisia.

Purpose- The aim of the study is to assess factors affecting tax audit effectiveness as effective tax audit enhances tax administration. Research methodology – To achieve objective of the study, both qualitative and quantitative research methods have been employed. The Sample respondents selected for the study were 146 by employing purposive sampling technique out of which 106 questionnaires were returned back. Descriptive statistic and multiple linear regression analysis via Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) Version 20.0 were employed. Findings- The result revealed that management support, audit quality, taxpayers’ awareness, and standardized integrated government tax administration system have statistically significant positive effect on audit effectiveness, while tax law complexity and tax accounting and reporting have statistically significant negative effect on tax audit effectiveness. Research limitations- The empirical research was carried out on tax audit effectiveness by using tax officials who are working in Tax Authority, but it did not include taxpayers in the study. Because of this and limited scope of the study area may not ensure that the indicated results are characteristic for the tax audit activity in Ethiopia at national level. Future researchers on the topic can include taxpayers’ opinion and widening the scope of the study area. Practical implications- It is recommended that the concerned authority should simplify the area of complex tax laws and encourage taxpayers who declare using relatively good accounting system by assessing tax on their accounting records rather than assessing by estimation. In addition, assessing tax on the specified period of five years to save taxpayers from the unnecessary burden of penalty and interest. Originality/Value- Previous studies din not address effect of tax audit in tax administrative functions on taxpayers’ registration, return reporting and effect of SIGTAS on tax audit.

Lefke stone is a sandstone that has been widely used in mosques, madrasas, churches, and houses as building stone. The geological features and engineering properties of Lefke stone outcropped in the southern part of Osmaneli/Bilecik were investigated in field and laboratory studies. Samples acquired during the fieldwork were tested to determine the physical, mechanical, durability, and hygrothermal properties in the laboratory. The mean physico-mechanical properties of Lefke stone yielded apparent density of 2.38 g/cm3, specific gravity of 2.68 g/cm3, total porosity of 11.26%, 2.93% water absorption by weight, uniaxial compressive strength of 94 MPa, flexure strength of 11.45 MPa, a 3.90 MPa point load strength, 4.5–5 Mohs hardness, and field Schmidt hammer rebound value of 36. According to durability tests, Lefke stone is resistant to CaCl2 salt mist but has low resistance to SO2 aging. Salt crystals placed in the discontinuities of the rock caused slight crack growth. The stone’s resistance to crystallization of sodium sulphate salt is low, and an increase in the volume of salts crystallized in the rock results in low corner strengths. A capillary water-absorption value of 0.0016 kg/m2.h places Lefke stone into the category of very low water absorption capacity and permeability. The water vapor diffusion resistance factor (?) less than 1 indicates that the sandstone has high breathability. Its performance in historical buildings, field observations, and values obtained through laboratory tests confirm that Lefke sandstone can be used as a building stone. © 2019, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature. 2017/16-024 -- The authors would like to thank the Istanbul Commerce University YAPKO unit for financing the project (grant number 2017/16-024), the Osmaneli (Bilecik) Municipality for logistical support during the fieldwork, and ITU-GAL and AKU-NSL laboratories. --

Tekstil sektöründe yaşanan yoğun rekabet şartları nedeniyle firmaların rekabetgüçlerini artırabilmek için süreç yönetimi ve ürün inovasyonuna azami önem vermelerigerekmektedir. Bu çalışmada süreç yönetiminin ürün inovasyon performansı üzerindekietkisinde rekabet yoğunluğunun düzenleyici rolü araştırılmıştır. Bu amaçla İstanbul’datekstil sektöründe faaliyet gösteren 124 imalat firmasından anket ile veri toplanmıştır.Veriler yapısal eşitlik modeli ile analiz edilmiştir. Yapılan analizler neticesinde süreçyönetimi ve rekabet yoğunluğunun ürün inovasyon performansını pozitif yönde anlamlıolarak etkilediği bulgusuna ulaşılmıştır. Düzenleyici etki analizi sonucunda ise süreçyönetiminin ürün inovasyon performansı üzerindeki etkisinde rekabet yoğunluğunundüzenleyici etkisi olduğu bulgusu elde edilmiştir. Due to the intense competition conditions experienced in the textile sector,companies need to give maximum importance to process management and productinnovation in order to increase their competitiveness. In this study, the regulatory roleof competitive intensity in the impact of process management on product innovationperformance was investigated. For this purpose, data were collected from 124manufacturing companies operating in textile sector in Istanbul. The data wereanalyzed by structural equation model. As a result of the analyzes, it was found thatprocess management and competition intensity had a positive effect on productinnovation performance. As a result of regulatory impact analysis, the effect ofcompetitive intensity on the effect of process management on product innovationperformance was obtained.

Bu araştırmanın amacı, eğitsel dijital oyun tasarlamanın öğretmen adaylarının yaratıcılıklarınaetkisini araştırmaktır. Araştırma, ön test-son test kontrol gruplu yarı deneysel araştırmadeseninde tasarlanmıştır. Çalışma grubunu, Türkiye’de bir devlet üniversitesinin eğitimfakültesinde öğrenim görmekte olan ve matematik öğretimi dersini alan sınıf öğretmenliğiöğrencileri oluşturmaktadır. 14 gönüllü öğrenci deney grubu ve 11 öğrenci de kontrol grubuolarak belirlenmiştir . Araştırmanın deney grubunda, 14 hafta boyunca her hafta her öğretmenadayından matematik öğretimine yönelik bir eğitsel dijital oyun tasarlaması istenmiştir. Kontrolgrubunda ise matematik öğretimi dersi içeriğine uygun ders işlenmiştir. Araştırmada veritoplama aracı olarak, Torrance Yaratıcı Düşünme Testi (TYDT) Sözel A Formu- Şekilsel A formukullanılmıştır. Deneysel uygulama öncesi ve sonrasında deney ve kontrol gruplarına testuygulanmıştır. Verilerin betimsel analizleri, ön test ve son test puanlarının gruba göre U-TestiSonuçları ayrıca deney ve kontrol gruplarına TYDT alt boyut puanlarının wilcoxon işaretlisıralar testleri yapılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgular, deney grubundaki öğretmen adaylarının TYDTtüm alt boyutlarından aldıkları deney öncesi ve sonrası puanlar arasında anlamlı farklılığınolduğunu göstermektedir. Ayrıca TYDT alt boyutları; sözel esneklik, sözel orijinallik ile sözeltoplam ve şekilsel toplam son test puanlarının gruba göre sıra ortalamaları deney grubu lehineanlamlı farklılık göstermiştir. The purpose of this research is to examine the influence of designing educational digital gameson the creativity of teacher candidates. The study design is quasi-experimental with pre-test andpost-test control groups. The study group consisted of 25 students from primary school teachingdepartment, 14 of which were the experimental group while 11 were the control group. In theexperimental group, each student was asked to design a game related to the mathematics teachingeach week throughout 14 weeks in mathematics course. In the control group, on the other hand,mathematics course was taught based on the curriculum. Verbal Form-A and Figural Form-A ofthe Torrance Test of Creative Thinking (TTCT) was used as the data collection tool in the study.Tests were applied to experimental and control groups before and after experimental application.Descriptive analysis of the data, U-test results of the pre-test and post-test scores, and Wilcoxonsigned rank tests of the TTCT subscale scores in the pre-test and post-practice experiment andcontrol groups were performed on the data. Findings show that there is a significant differencebetween the pre-test and post-test scores of the prospective teachers in the experimental groupfrom all the subscales of the TTCT. On the other hand, verbal flexibility, verbal originality subdimensions,verbal total and figure total sub-dimensions were significantly different whencompared to the group according to the results of the test scores of the subscales of TTCT.

Purpose Residential satisfaction can be viewed as a part of life satisfaction. There are many studies related to the relationship between residents’ satisfaction with their environments and the quality of those environments. The purpose of this paper is to examine how this satisfaction differs according to the type of residential environment. Design/methodology/approach It is based on empirical data on the quality of life in the different residential environments of the Istanbul Metropolitan Area. The primary source of information was a household survey. Findings In an attempt to find solutions to problems with the quality of residential environments, the data were analyzed through several variables related to the subjective perceptions of residential satisfaction. According to the results of the research, residents living in planned neighborhoods in the city are more satisfied than those living in unplanned neighborhoods. The residents who live in the planned sections of the city are satisfied with the attractiveness and accessibility of their neighborhoods, while those who live in unplanned sections of the city are satisfied with their level of attachment to their neighborhoods. Practical implications The study was designed to produce baseline data so that future changes in residential conditions as perceived by the residents of Istanbul could be monitored to support decisions for residential areas. Originality/value Comparative case studies, especially on planned vs unplanned environments, are relatively limited in number. Therefore, there is a need for new researches examining differences between different residential settings within cities. This study adds value to the field of comparative studies on residential environments.

Let F, N, A and N 2 denote the properties of being finite, nilpotent, abelian and nilpotent of classes at most 2, respectively. Firstly we consider the class of finitely generated FN-groups. We show that the property FC is closed under finite extensions, and extend this result to finitely generated NF-groups. Secondly we prove that a finitely generated NF-group G is in the class ((FC)F, ?) if and only if G is an FA-group. Finally we prove that a finitely generated NF-group in the class ((FC)F, ?)?is an FN 2 -group. Moreover, G/Z 2 (G) is finite. © 2019 Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences.

Karaciğer hücresi nakli, karaciğer yetmezliğindeortotopik hücre nakline güçlü bir alternatiftir. Son yıllarda, kök hücrelerindoğalarının, kinetiklerinin ve yenilenen karaciğer bölgesinde etkili birşekilde toplanmalarının sağlanmasının anlaşılması için hatırı sayılır gayretlersarf edilmektedir. Mesenkimal kökhücreler karaciğer yenilenme sürecini modüle eden ümit verici hücrekaynaklarından bir tanesidir. Bu çalışma, mezenkimal kök hücrelerin sıçanlardatoll benzeri reseptör (TLR) ifadesini değiştirmek suretiyle karaciğer immünyanıtını nasıl etkileyebildiklerini ve karaciğer yenilenmesi esnasındayenilenme potansiyelini arttırabildiklerini belirlemek için gerçekleştirilmiştir. Normal vekaraciğerleri kısmen çıkarılmış sıçanlar, sıçan kemik iliğinden elde edilip çoğaltılanmesenkimal kök hücreler ile muamele edilmişlerdir. Mesenkimal kök hücrelerintoplanması Eş Zamanlı Polimeraz Zincir Reaksiyonu (RT-PCR), Floresan AktiviteHücre Ayırma (FACS), ve Immunfloresan Boyama (IFS) ile doğrulanmıştır. Sham vekaraciğeri kısmen alınmış sıçan grupları arasındaki farklılığın istatistikianalizinde Student's t-testi kullanılmıştır. Elde edilensonuçlar mezenkimal kök hücrelerindeçeşitli TLR’lerin ifade edildiklerini ve bu hücrelerin yenilenme esnasındatoplanmalarının meydana gelen hasarın zamanlamasına bağlı olduğunugöstermiştir. Normal sıçanların kemik iliğinden izole edilen mezenkimal kökhücreler hasarlı karaciğerde enjeksiyon sonrası 3. günde görülmüşlerdir.Hasarsız hayvanların karaciğer kesitlerinde işaretli bir mezenkimal kök hücregörülmemiştir. Mezenkimal kök hücre uygulaması TLR2, 3 ve 9'un ifadesininanlamlı bir şekilde değiştirirken yenilenen karaciğere göç etme yeteneklerinidevam ettirmişlerdir. Sonuçlar, karaciğeryenilenmesi esnasında mezenkimal kök hücre uygulamasının, hücrelerinuygulandığı hasarsız karaciğer parçalarında TLR’lerin ifadelerini değiştirmeyoluyla immün yanıtı modüle ettiğini ortaya koymaktadır. TLR ifadesindeki budeğişim kısmı hepatoktemi sonrası yenilenme sürecine katkı sağlayabilirniteliktedir., Liver cell transplantation is a powerful alternative toorthotopic cell transplantation in the treatment of liver failures. Recently,considerable effort is being channeled to understand the nature and kinetics ofdirecting stem cells to effectively accumulate at the regenerating liver site.Mesenchymal stem cells are one of the promising cell sources modulating liverregeneration process. Present wasdesigned to study how mesenchymal stem cells might modulate liver immunebehaviors by changing Toll-like receptor (TLR) expression and increaseregenerative potential during liver regeneration in rats. Normal and partially hepatectomized rats were treated withmesenchymal stem cells isolated and expanded from rat bone marrows.Accumulation of mesenchymal stem cells was confirmed by Real Time-PolymeraseChain Reaction (RT-PCR),Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sorting (FACS), and Immunofluorescence Staining (IFS). Student's t-test analysiswas used to evaluate the significance of differences between sham and partiallyhepatectomized rat groups. Our results showed that mesenchymal stem cells expressedseveral TLRs, and their accumulation during regeneration was depended on thetiming of injury. Mesenchymal stem cells isolated from bone marrow of normalrats were observed at the injured liver 3 days after the injection. There wereno labeled mesenchymal stem cells in the liver sections of the uninjuredanimals. Mesenchymal stem cell administration significantly altered theexpression of TLR2, 3 and 9 while retaining their migration potential toregenerating liver.Our findings implicated thatmesenchymal stem cell administration during liver regeneration modulate theimmune response through changing the expression of the TLRs in the remainingliver parts into which the cells are recruited or infused. This alteration maycontribute to the regeneration process following partial hepatectomy.

To identify policies that will promote positive effects and mitigate negative ones of grazing is a major challenge in the Silvo-pastoral system. This paper presents the role of examining land-cover change trajectories by remote sensing imagery in grazing policy monitoring. The study was conducted for Duzlercami forest ecosystem located in the Mediterranean geographical region of Turkey and administrated by the General Directorate of Forestry (GDF) of the Ministry of Forestry and Water Affairs. Time series land-cover datasets from Landsat images between 1988 and 2016 were collected and classified. To link the conversions among trajectories and grazing policy, class level landscape metrics derived from the classified images were used. To validate the approach, yearly grazing-plans managed by GDF and populations of livestock were used. Results of this research have indicated that even though there is a yearly grazing plan, overgrazing can happen on the pilot site, and it can be easily identified by the destruction of woody vegetation. The notable correlation (r 2 = 0.89) between degraded woody vegetation and cattle population has occurred in the last 30 years in the landscape, and Landsat imagery can effectively support the grazing policy mapping and monitoring. © 2018 COSPAR Global Environment Facility -- This work was supported by the French Global Environment Facility (FFEM) Project (Maximize the Production of Goods and Services of Mediterranean Forest Ecosystems in the Context of Global Changes Düzlerçamı/Turkey – Component 4). The authors would like to thank Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), the Ministry of Forestry and Water Affairs and Turkish General Directorate of Forestry for giving us this opportunity. Special thanks should be given to Dr. Neşat Erkan for his useful and constructive recommendations on this study. --

3rd World Conference on Technology, Innovation and Entrepreneurship, WOCTINE 2019 -- 21 June 2019 through 23 June 2019 -- -- 141488 In the 21st century, the most important intellectual capital that makes organizations successful is the employee. The critical point for fierce competition and survival of the organizations is the ability of management of employees' attitude and directing their behaviors towards organizational purposes. Organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) could be defined as the performance that supports the social and psychological environment in which task performance takes place. Apart from the roles and responsibilities given, employees who engage in behaviors outside of their tasks and roles and those who serve these behaviors for organizational purposes play a crucial role on the benefits of the organizations. Entrepreneurship is the most important factor that enables organizations to gain competitive advantage in the industry that they operate. Supporting innovative and entrepreneurial behaviors and attitudes is expected to create an advantage in the competitive environment. Entrepreneurial orientation (EO) could be defined as a construct of two dimensions including entrepreneurial behaviors and managerial attitude towards risks. Entrepreneurial behaviors could be defined as innovativeness and proactiveness; whereas managerial attitude towards risk could be defined as an inherent managerial tendency existing at the level of the senior managers tasked with developing and implementing strategies-favoring strategic actions that have uncertain outcomes. The aim of this study is to explore the relationship between organizational citizenship behavior and entrepreneurial orientation by conducting a quantitative research in the hospitality industry. © 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.

In parallel with the developing technology of modern age, there has been a corresponding increase in computer domains that possess data storage function. Therefore, methods which allow storing large data gained an equally grave attention. In this study some of the most popular data analysis methods, namely data mining and statistical methods, have been investigated. The aim of this study is to exhibit the correlation between data mining and statistics. To achieve this aim, firstly data mining process has been explored. Next the need to implement statistical methods during this process has been accentuated. Günümüz teknolojisinin ilerlemesine bağlı olarak, bilgisayarların bilgi saklama kaydı yapılan alanlarında da artışlar meydana gelmektedir. Bu nedenle, büyük verilerin analiz edilmesini sağlayan yöntemler de büyük önem kazanmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, veri analizinde yaygın olarak kullanılan veri madenciliği ve istatistiksel yöntemler incelenmiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, veri madenciliği ile istatistik arasındaki ilişkinin ortaya konmasıdır. Bu nedenle, öncelikle veri madenciliği süreci açıklanmış daha sonra bu süreçte istatistiksel yöntemlerin gerekliliği vurgulanmıştır.

As the digital age is becoming an unavoidable part of our daily life people are becoming more concern about their privacy and security of their digital communications. Steganography and cryptography are the two most frequently used merits of digital life to fulfill these needs. In this study, a new spatial domain chaotic steganography scheme is presented utilizing also new fractal stream encryption algorithm to hide Huffman encoded and compressed Turkish texts. The study composes of four main phases. Firstly, a sample of Turkish newspaper columnist corpus is gathered to obtain not only the frequencies of letters including special Turkish characters but also punctuations, spaces, newlines, quotations, etc. As a result of the first phase, a static Huffman encoding dictionary is obtained for 102 encountered characters. Secondly, super Mandelbrot sets are used with the Logistic map to obtain one-time-pad stream keys to encrypt compressed texts. Thirdly, the LSB (Least Significant Bit) plain of the cover image is analyzed morphologically to find low entropy pixel locations so that in steganography phase spotted locations can be avoided and scheme can become more resistant against stego analysis. Lastly, the chaotic steganography phase is the final phase in which data hiding pixel is selected according to logistic map chaotic function then LSB of the selected pixel is updated. Many tests are carried out on many images to show the image quality namely PSNR, SNR, SSMI, UIQI, Entropy, MSE, and histogram. Results indicate that proposed schemes are successful for encryption and offer robust steganography. © 2013 IEEE. Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People's Republic of China, MIIT -- For certain parts of the presented study patent application is pending with file number 2019/13963 from Turkish Patent and Trademark Office, which is a department of Republic of Turkey Ministry of Industry and Technology. --

In recent years, the topic of Natural Language Processing (NLP) has attracted increasing interest. Many NIP applications including machine translation, machine learning, speech recognition, sentiment analysis, semantic search and natural language generation have been developed for most of the existing languages. Besides, two-level morphological description of the language to be used is required for these applications. However, there is no comprehensive study of Bashkir Turkish in the literature. In this paper, a two-level description of Bashkir Turkish morphology is described. The description based on a root word lexicon of Bashkir Turkish is implemented using Extensible Markup Language (XML) and appended to Nuve framework. The phonetic rules of Bashkir Turkish are encoded using 41 two-level rules. This two-level morphological description is promising to be used in Bashkir Turkish oriented NLP applications. © 2019 CRL Publishing Ltd.

Sağlık yapıları, toplumsal bilinçte olumsuz çağrışımları olan mekanları içermektedir. Bu anlamda algının kırılması ve toplumsal olarak, duygusal bağ kurulmasına izin verecek ortamların oluşturulması bilincin yön değişimini desteklemektedir. Toplumda özellikle devlete ait sağlık kurumlarının mekan algısı, sınırlı kapasite ve imkanlarla hizmet sunulmasına ilişkindir. Yetersizlik düşüncesi, durumu; akademik ve hizmetli personel, hasta ve hasta yakınları yani tüm kullanıcılar için olumsuz psikolojik duygular uyanmasına sebep olmaktadır. Ancak kapasite, hız, imkan problemlerinin çözümüne ilişkin uygulamalar, Endüstri Devrimi’nden günümüze miras kalan bir mekan biçimlenişinin sonucu olarak görülebilir. Hastane tasarımcılarının, insanı nesne olarak algılama eğiliminden uzaklaşarak; iyileşmenin yalnızca doktor ve tıbbi aletlerin varlığından çıkartılıp, bütüncül olarak ele alması gereklilik halini almıştır. Çalışma hastane yapıları üzerinden iyileştirme mekanları ile ilgili teorik altyapı oluşturarak, insan ve mekan etkileşiminin iyileşme üzerindeki etkisini incelemektedir., Healthcare facilities include places that have negative associations on social perception. Breaking such a perception and enabling creation of places allowing people emotionally connected with them will support the change in perception. The perception of place regarding the society and especially the state organizations pertain to the fact that healthcare services are being provided with limited capacity and facilities. Considerations and conditions of ineffectiveness lead to mergence of negative psychological emotions on all of the users including academic and service staff, as well as patients and their relatives. However, the practices on the resolution of capacity, speed and capability issues can be regarded as the result of the formation that was inherited from the Industrial Revolution to these days. It is inevitanle for hospital designers to eliminate their tendency to perceive humans as machines. They should indeed condisider healing holistically by leaving the idea that healing is only connected to the availability of doctors and medical equipment. The study examines the effect of human and spatial interaction on healing by establishing the theoretical background of the healing places through hospital structures.

anemon Thisstudy examines Career Construction Interview (CCI) based on Career ConstructionTheory as one of post-modern career theories. CCI is used as qualitative careerassessment tool and career counseling method in order to determine reasons anddynamics underlined problems that bring the client to counseling. There areenormous studies in the international literature, yet few in Turkey. Therefore, this study aims to review main principles, evaluation and interpretation of theCCI and draw attention to caveats. In spite of critics to the theory, the CCIis tool that is culturally sensitive, responsive to the need of paradigm shiftin career counseling and provides subjective, meaningful and holisticexamination of the self, which contributes to self-exploration that the clientscrucially need in their career construction. Bumakalede, post modern kariyer danışmanlığı yaklaşımlarından KariyerYapılandırma Kuramına dayalı Kariyer Yapılandırma Görüşmesi (KYG) hakkındabilgi verilmiştir. KYG, kişiyi kariyer danışmanlığına getiren problemlerinaltında yatan dinamikleri ortaya çıkarmada kariyer seçimlerinin altında yatannedenleri ve motivasyonları belirlemek üzere kullanılan nitel bir değerlendirmearacı ve kariyer danışmanlığı yöntemidir. KYG’ye uluslararası alanyazındasıklıkla rastlanmakla birlikte Türkiye’de konuya ilişkin çalışma oldukçasınırlıdır. Bu nedenle, bu çalışmada, KYG’nin uygulama, değerlendirme veyorumlama süreçleri ele alınmış ve uygulamada göz önünde bulundurulması gerekennoktalar ve önlemlere dikkat çekilmiştir. Teoriye yöneltilen eleştirilererağmen, KYG’nin kültüre özgü, kariyer danışmanlığında paradigma değişimiihtiyacına cevap veren, kişinin kariyerini yapılandırmada ihtiyaç duyduğu enönemli noktalardan biri olan kendini tanıma sürecine öznel, anlamlı ve bütüncülbir inceleme sunan bir yöntem olduğu görülmektedir. 423085

In this study we will look at the relations between Turkey and the EU from the perspective of the Custom Union. First we will try to observe and understand the process of the Custom Union and its possible effect on the Turkish economy. Then we will try to understand the problems with Custom Union and its results on the relationships between Turkey and EU countries. Finally, we will make a general assessment in order to cover the whole issue.

In this paper we shall prove several weighted Lp Hardy-type inequalities associated to the Baouendi–Grushintype operators.

İnternet kavramı geçmişten günümüze büyük bir değişim göstermiştir. Özellikle günümüzde birçok insanın çok kolay ulaşabildiği ve insanların kolaylıkla bağımsız içerik oluşturabildiği bir ortam haline gelmiştir. Ancak sağladığı bu kolaylıkların yanı sıra üretilen ham veriden bilgi elde etmek daha zor hale gelmiş ve üretilen içeriklere verilen başlıklar daha yanıltıcı olmaya başlamıştır. İnternete servis edilen bilginin çok fazla miktarda olması ve yanıltıcı bilgi içermesi, kısıtlı zamanında aradığı bilgiye kısa zamanda ulaşmak isteyen insan için olumsuz bir durum oluşturmaktadır. İnsanların istediği bilgiye hızlı bir şekilde ulaşmasına yardımcı olacak en belirgin özelliklerden biri içeriklere ait başlıklardır. Çünkü insan, bu başlıklardan yola çıkarak içeriğe ait bir ön bilgiye sahip olabilecektir. Ancak yanıltıcı başlıklar söz konusu olduğunda bu bir dezavantaja dönüşüp, istenilen bilgiye ulaşmayı engelleyebilmektedir. Bu tür yanıltıcı başlıkların üretildiği içeriklerin en başında haber metinleri yer almaktadır. Bu çalışmada derin öğrenme yöntemi ile Türkçe haber metinlerine otomatik olarak başlık üreten bir uygulama geliştirilmiştir. Veri seti olarak SuDer haber derleminden özetleme görevi için uygun olabilecek haber metinleri ayıklanarak, bu ayıklanan haberler bir dizi ön işlemlerden geçirilerek kullanılmıştır. Eğitim öncesi sözel verilerin sayısallaştırılmasında ve kelime gömmelerinin oluşturulmasında, derin öğrenme kütüphanelerinden Keras kütüphanesi kullanılmıştır. Modelin eğitimi için ise günümüzde doğal dil çalışmalarında sıklıkla tercih edilen transformatör mimarisi ile soyut özetleme yöntemi kullanılarak, haber başlıklarının üretiminde daha insansı sonuçlar elde etmek istenmiştir. Modelin 20 ve 25 dönem eğitimden sonra sırasıyla yaklaşık %75 ve %85 oranında doğruluğa ulaşarak, haber metinlerindeki bağlamı ifade etmekte yetenekli başlıklar üretebildiği gözlemlenmiştir. The concept of internet has changed greatly from past to present. Especially today, it has become an environment where many people can easily access and people can easily create independent content. However, in addition to these facilities, it has become more difficult to obtain information from the raw data produced and the titles given to the content produced have become more misleading. The excessive amount of information presented on the internet and the fact that it contains misleading information creates a negative situation for people who want to reach the information they seek in a limited time they have in a short time. One of the most obvious things that will help people quickly find the information they want is the content titles. Because, based on these titles, people will be able to have a preliminary knowledge of the content. However, when it comes to misleading titles, this can turn into a disadvantage and prevent access to the desired information. News texts are at the top of the content in which such misleading headlines are produced. In this study, an application that automatically generates headlines for Turkish news texts with deep learning method was developed. As a data set, news texts that might be suitable for the summarizing task were extracted from the SuDer news collection, and these extracted news were used after a series of pre-processes. Keras library, one of the deep learning libraries, was used to digitize verbal data before education and to create word embedding. For the training of the model, it was aimed to obtain more humanoid results in the production of news headlines by using the transformer architecture, which is frequently preferred in natural language studies today and the abstract summarization method. The model achieved approximately 75% and vii 85% accuracy after 20 and 25 periods of training, respectively. The model succeeded in generating headlines that could express the context in news texts.

Bu çalışmada, ilk duvar yükü 5 MW/m2 (2.22 x 1014 n/s) ve 500 MW füzyon gücü için üç-boyutlu TOROID yapıya sahip geometrili bir manyetik füzyon reaktör modellemesi yapılmıştır. Modellenen füzyon reaktöründe, plazma bölgesinde D-T yakıtı kullanılmıştır. Beş farklı model kapsamında, ilk duvar bölgesinde 1DS-ODS çeliği ve reaktörün soğutucu bölgesinde Flibe (LiF-BeF), Flina (LiF-NaF), Flinak (LiF-NaF-KF) Flinabe (LiF-NaF-BeF) ve Li malzemeleri kullanılmıştır. Bu çalışmanın ilk aşamasında, beş farklı soğutma malzemesi için trityum üretim oranı (TBR), enerji çoğaltım faktörü (M) ve ısı akısı hesaplanmıştır. Çalışmanın ikinci aşamasında, ilk duvardaki ısı akısı ve gaz üretimi ile atom başına kayma (DPA) değerleri ve mıknatıs tabakasındaki nükleer ısı üretimi Monte Carlo nötron ‐ foton transport bilgisayar kodu (MCNP5) yardımıyla ENDF/B‐VI ve CLAW‐IV olarak adlandırılan nükleer bilgi kütüphaneleri kullanılarak hesaplanmıştır. İncelenen modellere göre, TBR ve M değerlerinin reaktöründe üretilen soğutucu malzeme içindeki lityum izotoplarının yoğunluğu ile doğrudan orantılı olduğu gözlenmiştir. Yüksek nötron yoğunluğuna sahip tüm modellerde, füzyon reaktörlerin çalışması için gereken minimum TBR (≥1.05) değeri elde edilmiştir. Bu değerlendirmeler sonucunda, soğutucu olarak lityum ve Flibe içeren modeller en iyi nötronik performansı göstermiştir. In this study, magnetic fusion reactor modeling with three-dimensional TOROID structure geometry has been completed for the first wall load 5 MW/m2 (2.22 x 1014 n/s) and 500 MW fusion power. In the modeled fusion reactor, D-T fuel was used in the plasma region. Within the scope of five different models, 1DS-ODS steel in the first wall region and Flibe (LiF-BeF), Flina (LiF-NaF), Flinak (LiF-NaF-KF) Flinabe (LiF-NaF-BeF) and Li materials were used in the cooling zone of the reactor. In the first stage of this study, tritium breeding ratio (TBR), energy multiplication factor (M) and heat flux of the reactor were calculated for five different cooling materials. In the second stage of the study heat flux gas production and displacement per atoms (DPA) values in the first wall region and nuclear heat generation in the magnet layer were calculated by using Monte Carlo methods with Monte Carlo neutron‐photon transport code (MCNP5) and nuclear data libraries named as ENDF/B‐VI and CLAW‐IV. According to investigated models, it was observed that the density of lithium isotopes in the coolant material and produced in the reactor TBR and M were directly proportional. In all models with high neutron density, the minimum TBR (≥1.05) required for the operation of the reactors was obtained. In this context, the models which contains lithium and Flibe as coolants, they showed the best neutronic performance according to all considerations.

The prevention of intrusion is deemed to be a cornerstone of network security. Although excessive work has been introduced on network intrusion detection in the last decade, finding an Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) with potent intrusion detection mechanism is still highly desirable. One of the leading causes of the high number of false alarms and a low detection rate is the existence of redundant and irrelevant features of the datasets, which are used to train the IDSs. To cope with this problem, we proposed a double Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO)-based algorithm to select both feature subset and hyperparameters in one process. The aforementioned algorithm is exploited in the pre-training phase for selecting the optimized features and model’s hyperparameters automatically. In order to investigate the performance differences, we utilized three deep learning models, namely, Deep Neural Networks (DNN), Long Short-Term Memory Recurrent Neural Networks (LSTM-RNN), and Deep Belief Networks (DBN). Furthermore, we used two common IDS datasets in our experiments to validate our approach and show the effectiveness of the developed models. Moreover, many evaluation metrics are used for both binary and multiclass classifications to assess the model’s performance in each of the datasets. Finally, intensive quantitative, Friedman test, and ranking methods analyses of our results are provided at the end of this paper. Experimental results show a significant improvement in network intrusion detection when using our approach by increasing Detection Rate (DR) by 4% to 6% and reducing False Alarm Rate (FAR) by 1% to 5% from the corresponding values of same models without pre-training on the same dataset.

Araştırmanın amacı, okul öncesi eğitim kurumlarında görev yapan öğretmenlere sunulan erken çocukluk döneminde özel eğitim programının etkililiğini tespit etmektir. Araştırmanın katılımcılarını, Edirne ilinde bulunan Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı’na bağlı bir okul öncesi eğitim kurumunda görev yapan 8 farklı branştan on beş öğretmen oluşturmaktadır. Araştırma probleminden ve öğretmenlere yapılan ihtiyaç analizinden yola çıkılarak literatür doğrultusunda okul öncesi eğitim kurumlarında görev yapan öğretmenlerin erken çocukluk döneminde özel eğitim ve kaynaştırma uygulamalarına yönelik ihtiyaçlarını karşılamak üzere Taba Modelinden yararlanılarak seçilen 3 ana amaç doğrultusunda 3 eğitim modülü hazırlanmıştır. Araştırma verileri, nitel boyutlu çalışma desenlerinden, eylem araştırması ile yürütülmüştür. Verileri analiz etmede betimsel ve içerik analiz yöntemlerinden yararlanmıştır. Araştırma verileri, öğretmenlerin demografik bilgilerini içeren 8 sorulu 1 demografik bilgi formu, her eğitim modülü için özel olarak hazırlanmış ve modül öncesi sunulan 16 soru içeren 3 adet tanıma formu ve uygulana sonrasında sunulmak üzere 16 soru içeren 3 adet düzey belirleme formu olarak toplamda 7 adet form ile toplanmıştır. Eğitim için hazırlanmış modüller; özel eğitimde temel kavramlar ve farklı gelişen bireylerin özellikleri, kaynaştırma ortamında davranış yönetimi ve etkili uyarlamalar, kaynaştırma ortamında etkili öğretim uyarlamaları ve Bireyselleştirilmiş Eğitim Programı (BEP) hazırlamadır. Modüller sunulmadan önce öğretmenlere modülle ilgili 16 soru içeren uygulama öncesi düzey belirleme formu sunularak öğretmenlerin modül öncesi bilgi düzeyleri belirlenmiştir. Modül sunulduktan sonra ise uygulama sonrası düzey belirleme formu öğretmenlere tekrar sunularak öğretmenlerin modül sonunda bilgi düzeylerinin nasıl değiştiği incelenmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda elde edilen bulgular, temalar içerisinde düzenlenip, aktarılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgular ilgili kaynaklar doğrultusunda yorumlanmış ve önerilerde bulunmuştur. The purpose of this research is to analyses the effectiveness of special education programs which have been provided by preschool teachers in preschool as a preventive tool of early childhood intervention for individuals with special needs. The participants of this research paper have been selected as teachers working in the same preschool together, however as teachers from various disciplines of study. They all are working at this preschool, within the boundaries of Edirne province, under the auspices of the Turkish Ministry of Education. Total 15 teachers have been participated this research. Upon the need to address the problem field of this research, together with the urge to address the needs of teachers arising from working in preschool institutions, and furthermore, upon research of available resource on the given topic, a total of 3 educatory modules have been established. The aim of these 3 established educatory modules is to meet the demands of the teachers who are working in preschool institutions. The research’s data has been extracted from qualitative study patterns and also been jointly carried out with action research. In finding out the available data, descriptive and content analysis methods have been applied. The research’s data has been completed trough demographic information forms each entailing 8 demographic questions and 1 demographic information form. Also, for each educatory module, specifically, a total of 7 before and after question forms have been formed, each one consisting 16 questions and 3 pieces of level assessments. This study is a preparation for the following: the modules prepared for education, the concepts of special education and characteristics of individuals with different developments, behavior analysis in individual education programs and preparation of the same. Prior to the presentation of modules, the teachers will have been provided with a 16 questions pre-application assessment form in order to assess their own knowledge. However, after the presentation of each module, the teachers will be provided once again, with the level assessment form, so that it can be possible for them to evaluate how their knowledge has changed throughout the phases of the given modules. The findings at the aftermath of this study, have been arranged and outlined according to the subject titles. Furthermore, the findings have been interpreted in accordance with the available resources and advise to the related topic have been given upon the completion of the above mentioned.

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı kanserli hastaların taşıdıkları port kateterlere ilişkin algı ve deneyimlerini ortaya çıkarmaktır.Gereç-yöntem: Çalışma, İstanbul’da bir onkoloji kliniğine tedavi için başvuran, 16 kanser hastasıyla derinlemesine görüşmeler yoluyla yapılmıştır. Çalışma grubuna en az 6 aydır port kateteri olan meme ve kolon kanserli hastalar alınmıştır.Çalışma temaları hastaların port deneyimlerini çok boyutlu olarak kavramayı hedefleyen: (1) Portun Öyküsü, (2) SosyalYaşam ve Fiziksel Uyum (3) Beden İmajı ve Cinsel Yaşam (4) Tedavi Süreci ve Öneriler dinamiklerini içeren yarı yapılandırılmış açık uçlu sorulardan oluşturulmuştur. Görüşmeler ses kayıt cihazıyla kayıt altına alınarak çözümlemesinde içerikanalizi kullanılmıştır.Bulgular: Çalışmada elde edilen önemli bulgular, port kateterin hastaların cinsel yaşamı ve beden imajını etkileyebileceği, tedirginlik ve korku nedeniyle sosyal izolasyon yaşayabilecekleri gibi dezavantajları bulunurken, tedavide kolaylıkve hastayı tedavi sürecinde özgürleştirerek rahatlık sağladığı için avantajlı olduğu belirlenmiştir.Sonuç: Port kateteri olan kanserli hastaların gereksinim duyduğu bakımın sürdürülmesinde var olan temel ilkelerin yanısıra hasta deneyimlerinin ve port kateterin psikososyal boyutunun da bilinmesi, bakım kalitesinin arttırılması açısındanönemlidir. Methods: This study was done with 16 patients, who applied to the oncology clinic for treatment, by using in-depthinterview technique. The study group consists of colon cancer and breast cancer patients having port catheters for atleast six months. The themes of the study are comprised of four open-ended questions, which aimed to comprehendthe patients’ port experiences in a multidimensional way. These questions are based on (1) story of the port, (2) sociallife and physical adaptation, (3) sexual life and body image, and (4) treatment process and dynamic recommendationsrelated to living with the port.Results: The important findings obtained from the study are twofold. First, the port catheter has disadvantages, suchas influencing patients’ sexual lives and body images, and leading to social isolation through(by) creating anxiety andfear. Second, the port catheter has also advantages, such as providing convenience to patients during the treatment, andgiving comfort to them during the treatment by making them free.Conclusions: One of the important principles related to port catheter that it provides a reliable care to the patients. Inthis direction, in addition to the fundamental principles related to the maintenance of the care needed by the cancerpatients with port, knowing the psychosocial aspect of the port and patient experiences is very important to increasethe quality of the care given.

Outward Foreign Direct Investment (OFDI) has been utilized by developed economies to enter developing markets for competitive advantages. However, recent boom in OFDI from emerging economies has prompted the question as to why these economies are investing abroad? A modest amount of literature exists regarding China and India, however, Turkey being an emerging economy has been largely untapped when it comes to determinants of OFDI. This study uses the Global Competitiveness Index (GCI) to find host and home country factors which have led to OFDI from Turkey to their top 10 investment destinations for the past 10 years. The host country factors found to be significantly correlated with Turkish OFDI are innovation (Netherlands and Russia), technological readiness (Russia and UK), labor market efficiency (Netherlands), infrastructure (Netherlands), domestic market size (Germany), and exports (UK). The home factors found to be significantly correlated with Turkish OFDI are infrastructure and domestic competition. © 2017 by IGI Global.

The effect of oil prices on countries’ economic activity has been the center of attention for decades. The empirical link between oil prices and economic activity has been steadily investigated during this time period but the measured outcomes have revealed mixed results and been inconsistent. This study examines the effect of oil prices on economic activity for Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa (BRICS) and Group of Seven (G7) countries in both short-run and long-run relationships by estimating a maximum likelihood structural vector autoregression model. The model shows that a positive shock to oil prices tends to affect the monetary aggregate in Brazil, Canada, France, Germany, and Russia. The effect on interest rate spread is most significant in India and Russia. Impulse response functions display almost no effect on the gross domestic product in the US and China. A positive response on the consumer price index is observed mostly for developed countries. The response of real exchange rate reveals a positive effect on all countries in varying degrees, with the exception of the US and South Africa. Finally, Granger causality tests were conducted with proper allowance for the non-stationarity of the data. The findings illustrate that the Russian economy is among the economies that are most significantly affected by oil price fluctuations for almost all the selected variables. The models also reveal that the effect of oil price shocks on the US’s and China’s economic activities is only limited to the effect on real exchange rates. Other variables show no or limited reactions to oil prices. We also used the Markov switching maximum likelihood vector autoregression models, which reveals similar results. © 2019, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.

WOS: 000508544900014 The purpose of this study is to develop a Vocabulary Depth Test (VDT), which assesses the depth trait of the semantic knowledge and to analyze the vocabulary depth performance of the typically developing children aged between 4 and 6. It is based on a cross-sectional design. In the designation of the study group, stratified sampling included in random sampling is used at the first stage and 3 schools from lower, medium and higher socio-economic level are designated. The study group contains in total 201 children who attend public or private pre-school education institutions in Izmir. The VDT contains 24 question words in syntagmatic relations, meronymy and paradigmatic relations in total presented in third sections with eight questions in each and all the illustrated question words in VDT, corresponding to one correct answer included in four alternatives in total, are presented verbally. The results obtained show that there is a developmental order from the words with syntagmatic relations to words with paradigmatic relations. When the VDT performances of children at different socio-economic levels are considered, there is a significant difference in the average of the children from lower socio-economic level when compared to those from medium or higher socio-economic level.

WOS: 000508544900015 The purpose of this study is to examine the psychometric properties of two different scales (Self-Efficacy Scale about the Method Sections of the Research Papers - SESMSR and The Research Anxiety Scale - TRAS) applied on paper - pencil tests and web. For this purpose, SESMSR and TRAS were applied to 391 undergraduate students in a five - point Likert type scale form and a 10 cm metric form in a paper - pencil environment and then on a web page prepared within the context of the research. The two-factor structure of SESMSR, which is developed to use for the graduate students, appeared exactly the same except for the fact that one item is included in the other factor at the undergraduate level; and it was seen that TRAS, which is known for consisting of one factor, maintained this structure and that the reliability of scales calculated over different data sets is high. For both scales, it was determined that the extracted variance and reliability coefficients obtained with the use of Likert type scale applied as paper - pencil test were lower than the metric scale and the web-based applications. It has been seen that the metric scale which is labeled on both ends can be used instead of the Likert-type scale and the ideal number of category is seven according to investigations.

WOS: 000505460600001 This paper aims to explore how refugee students construct pathways of access to higher education by drawing on interviews with 15 Syrian university students studying at different universities across Turkey. The research is located within a capabilities-based human development paradigm from which it outlines the factors that enable students' transition into university and looks at how they navigate complex higher education spaces. The refugees' narratives show that access to university is intersectionally shaped by personal ambition, family encouragement, community support, and the social and education policy. On the other hand, their educational experiences highlight that higher education works as a site of justice where the everyday racism, xenophobia, and discrimination is alleviated to a significant degree through providing a peaceful and safe space for coexistence with others despite its financial and pedagogical constraints. The paper draws attention to the agency of students in mobilising the assets they have gained for the good and well-being of their communities and fleshes out the values universities should promote for refugee students who have accessed university against the odds.

Bu çalışmada,Dursunbey (Balıkesir, Türkiye) atmosferindeki polenler gravimetrik yöntemkullanılarak toplanmıştır. Toplanan polenler ışık mikroskobu ile incelenmiş vecm2 başına toplam 6265 polen sayılmıştır. 24 tanesi odunsu bitkilere(yıllık polen indeksinin % 86,17’si), 18 tanesi ise otsu bitkilere (yıllıkpolen indeksinin %13,16’sı) ait olan toplam 42 farklı polen tipitanımlanmıştır. Polenlerin az bir kısmı ise (42 polen, %0.67) tanımlanmamıştır.Sıklıkla rastlanılan ve yıllık toplam polen sayısının %1'inden fazlasınıoluşturan polen tipleri bölge için dominant polen tipleri olarak kabul edilmişolup Pinus L. (%48,23), CupressaceaeRich. ex Bartl./Taxaceae Gray (%16,74), Poaceae Barnhart (%8,32), QuercusL. (%5,31), Acer L. (%4,07), Platanus L. (%3,10), Juglans L. (%2,26), Abies Mill. (%1,75), Plantago L.(%1,25), Amaranthaceae Juss. (% 1,22) ve Olea europaea L. (%1,16)polenleri atmosferik polen spektrumunun ana bileşenleri olarak kaydedilmiştir.Atmosferdeki en yüksek polen miktarı Mayıs ayında tespit edilmiş olup,belirlenen dominant polen tiplerinin çoğunun daha önce polinosisin ananedenleri olarak rapor edilmeleri dikkat çekicidir., In this study, airborne pollen grains in theatmosphere of Dursunbey (Balıkesir, Turkey) were collected using a gravimetricmethod. The pollen grains were investigated by light microscopy and a total of6265 pollen grains per cm2 were counted. 42 different pollen typeswere identified of which 24 belonged tothe arboreal plants (86.17% of the annual pollen index) and 18 to non-arborealplants (13.16% of the annual pollen index). A small portion of the pollens (42grains, 0.67%) were not identified. The most frequent pollen types, whichconstituted more than 1% of annual pollen count were regarded as thepredominating pollen types for the region. The predominating group wasdetermined to be consisted of pollens of Pinus L. (48.23%), Cupressaceae Rich. ex Bartl./Taxaceae Gray(16.74%), Poaceae Barnhart (8.32%), Quercus L.(5.31%), Acer L. (4.07%), Platanus L.(3.10%), Juglans L. (2.26%), Abies Mill. (1.75%), PlantagoL. (1.25%), Amaranthaceae Juss. (1.22%) and Olea europaea L. (1.16%).The highest pollen count was determined in May and it is striking that most ofthe determined predominant pollen types have previously been reported as maincauses of pollinosis.

In this study, ultrasonication wasused to extract antioxidant compounds such as polyphenols, flavonoids, andcurcuminoids from turmeric (Curcuma longaL.) The influences of time, ethanol concentration and temperature as three independentfactors on the extraction of the total phenolic content were evaluated by theFolin-Ciocalteu method and the antioxidant capacities by the ABTS and chromiumreducing antioxidant capacity (CHROMAC) methods. The central composite design(CCD) with a multi-response surface methodology (MRSM) was used for thestatistical modeling of the response data followed by the regression and analysis of variance(ANOVA) to determine the significance of the model and the factors. Theresponse predictions obtained at optimum extraction conditions of an extractiontime of 64min, an ethanol concentration of 82% (v/v) and an extractiontemperature of 32°C were 47.32mg GAE/g (for Folin-Ciocalteu), 29.15 (for ABTS)and 5.17mg TE/g (for CHROMAC). The predicted values obtained from themulti-response surface methodology agreed with the experimental values data 95%confidence level. These data indicate that the multi-response surfacemethodology is applicable for optimizing the ultrasonic-assisted extraction ofantioxidant compounds from C. longa., Buçalışmada ultrasonikasyon, Curcuma longa L.’dabulunan polifenol, flavonoid ve kurkuminoid gibi antioksidan bileşiklerinekstraksiyonu için kullanılmıştır. Zaman, etanol derişimi ve sıcaklık gibi 3bağımsız değişkenin toplam fenolik madde (Folin yöntemi) ve antioksidankapasite (ABTS ve CHROMAC yöntemi) üzerine etkisi değerlendirilmiştir. Merkezikompozit dizayn ile çok yanıtlı yüzey analiz yöntemi, sonuçların istatistikselmodellenmesi, model ve faktörler arası etkileşimi belirlemek için regresyon veANOVA analizinde kullanılmıştır. Belirlenen optimum koşullarda (64dk ekstraksiyonzamanı, %82 (v/v) etanol derişimi ve 32°C ekstraksiyon sıcaklığı)toplam fenolik madde miktarı 47,32mg GAE/g, antioksidan kapasite 29,15 (ABTS)ve 5,17 (for CHROMAC) mg TE/g bulunmuştur. Bu deneysel değerler ile tahminideğerler %95 güven aralığında birbiri ile uyumludur. Buna göre çok yanıtlıyüzey analiz tekniği (MRSM), C. longa’danantioksidan bileşiklerin ultrasonik-destekli ekstraksiyon optimizasyonu içingüvenle kullanılabilir.

Bu çalışmada, daha önce sünmüş ekmekten izole edilmişolan Bacillus amyloliquefaciensFE-K1’in ekstraselüler peptidaz üretiminin, merkezi kompozit tasarıma (MKT)dayalı yanıt yüzey yöntemi (YYY) ile optimize edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Yanıtyüzey yönteminde sıcaklık (20-45°C), enzim üretim ortamının başlangıç pH değeri(pH 5-9) ve inokülasyon seviyesi (%1-5, v/v) faktör olarak kullanılmış,fermentasyon süresi her deneme için ayrı ayrı belirlenmiştir. Sonuçlar optimumpeptidaz üretiminin 33,4°C, pH 6,62 ve %2,3 inokülasyon seviyesinde eldeedildiğini göstermiştir. Optimum koşullar altında fermentasyon süresinin sadece7 saat, ham enzimin aktivitesinin 49,17U/mL, spesifik aktivitesinin ise504,77U/mg olduğu tespit edilmiştir., In this study, it was aimed to optimise the extracellular peptidase production of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FE-K1, previously isolated from ropy wholemeal bread, by using response surface methodology (RSM) based on central composite design (CCD). The temperature (20-45°C), initial pH of the enzyme production medium (pH 5-9) and inoculation level (1-5%, v/v) were used as the factors for RSM, and the fermentation time was determined for each trial separately. Results showed that the optimum peptidase production occurred at 33.4°C, pH 6.62 and 2.3% inoculation. It was determined that the fermentation time was only 7h, the crude enzyme had a peptidase activity of 49.17U/mL and a specific activity of 504.77U/mg under the optimised conditions.

In this study, intra-specific variations innaturally growing and cultivated mastic tree (Pistacia lentiscus L.) samples obtained from western parts ofTurkey were examined using ISSR and IRAP marker techniques. Samples from Creteand Chios were also included in the study. Morphological measurements of someleaf characteristics of the samples were performed and the measured data was evaluatedstatistically with a Pearson Correlation analysis to reveal the correlationsbetween character pairs. ISSR primers produced 81 bands between 161-1884bp with96.3% polymorphism and IRAP primers produced 72 bands between124-2027bp with 91.67% polymorphism. Polymorphism information content (PIC)values were 0.458 and 0.418 for ISSR and IRAP, respectively. Genetic similaritymatrix was examined with Jaccard’s coefficient. Maximum similarity was foundbetween the Cretan samples (LG2 and LG3) with the ISSR analysis (0.933) andbetween L25A (C1, Bodrum) and L29A (C1, Milas) with the IRAP analysis (0.593).Unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) dendrogram wasdivided into 12 and 4 groups by ISSR and IRAP methods, respectively. Specimenswere segregated on 3 main different clusters by the Principal ComponentAnalysis (PCA) based on the combined marker systems. The results showed that P. lentiscus has very high ratios ofintraspecific variation. The present work is an original study in terms oflarge sampling including wild genotypes, cultivated specimen, Chios and Cretanvarieties, use of ISSR and IRAP combination, determination of relations betweenculture and wild genotypes and the use of Bagy-1retrotransposons in intraspecific polymorphism. This study may be considered asa reference study for studies on gene pools of P. lentiscus and phylogenetic relationships within the species andmay contribute to species concept and agricultural breeding programs., Buçalışmada, ISSR ve IRAP markör teknikleri kullanılarak Türkiye’nin batıkesiminde doğal olarak yetişen ve kültürü yapılan sakız ağacı (Pistacia lentiscus L.) örneklerindekitür içi varyasyon analizi yapılmıştır. Girit ve Sakız Adası örnekleri deçalışmaya dahil edilmiştir. Bazı yaprak özelliklerinin morfolojik ölçümlerigerçekleştirilmiş ve aralarındaki korelasyon Pearson Korelasyon analizi ilebelirlenmiştir. ISSR primerleri 161-1884bç arasında %96,3 polimorfizm ile 81bant üretmiştir. IRAP primerleri ise 124-2027bç arasında %91,67 polimorfizm ile72 bant üretmiştir. Polimorfizm bilgi içeriği (PIC) değerleri 0,458 (ISSR) ve0,418 (IRAP) arasında bulunmuştur. Genetik benzerlik matriksleri Jaccardkatsayısıyla oluşturulmuştur. ISSR sonuçlarında en yüksek benzerlik Giritörnekleri (LG2 ve LG3) arasında (0,933) ve IRAP sonuçlarında ise L25A (C1,Bodrum) ve L29A (C1, Milas) arasında bulunmuştur. UPGMA yöntemiyle kurulandendrogramlarda sırasıyla ISSR için 12 grup ve IRAP için 4 grup ayrılmıştır.Her iki markör sistemi için ortak kurulan temel bileşen analizi (PCA)grafiğinde 3 farklı küme oluşmuştur. Sonuçlar göstermiştir ki, P. lentiscus yüksek oranlarda tür içivaryasyona sahiptir. Bu çalışma, ISSR ve IRAP markörlerinin yabani genotipler,kültür türleri, Sakız Adası ve Girit çeşitlerinin analizinde kullanımı, kültürvaryeteleri ve yabani genotipler arasındaki ilişkilerin belirlenmesi ve tür içipolimorfizmde Bagy-1retrotranspozonlarının kullanımı açısından özgün bir çalışmadır. Söz konusuçalışma, P. lentiscus gen havuzununve filogenetik ilişkilerinin araştırılması, tür sınırlarını saptamaya yönelikyapılacak tarımsal ıslah çalışmaları için referans niteliğindedir.