120 results on '"Bêty, J."'
Search Results
2. Survival Rate of the Long-tailed Jaeger at Alert, Ellesmere Island, Nunavut
- Author
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Julien, J. R., Gauthier, G., Morrison, R. I. G., and Bêty, J.
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. The impact of sea ice conditions on breeding decisions is modulated by body condition in an arctic partial capital breeder
- Author
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Jean-Gagnon, Frankie, Legagneux, P., Gilchrist, G., Bélanger, S., Love, O. P., and Bêty, J.
- Published
- 2018
4. Pulsed resources at tundra breeding sites affect winter irruptions at temperate latitudes of a top predator, the snowy owl
- Author
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Robillard, A., Therrien, J. F., Gauthier, G., Clark, K. M., and Bêty, J.
- Published
- 2016
5. The impact of sea ice conditions on breeding decisions is modulated by body condition in an arctic partial capital breeder
- Author
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Jean-Gagnon, Frankie, Legagneux, P., Gilchrist, G., Bélanger, S., Love, O. P., and Bêty, J.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Irruptive movements and breeding dispersal of snowy owls: a specialized predator exploiting a pulsed resource
- Author
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Therrien, J.-F., Gauthier, G., Pinaud, D., and Bêty, J.
- Published
- 2014
7. Predation pressure by avian predators suggests summer limitation of small-mammal populations in the Canadian Arctic
- Author
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Therrien, J.-F., Gauthier, G., Korpimäki, E., and Bêty, J.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Developing common protocols to measure tundra herbivory across spatial scales
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Barrio, I.C., primary, Ehrich, D., additional, Soininen, E.M., additional, Ravolainen, V.T., additional, Bueno, C.G., additional, Gilg, O., additional, Koltz, A.M., additional, Speed, J.D.M., additional, Hik, D.S., additional, Mörsdorf, M., additional, Alatalo, J.M., additional, Angerbjörn, A., additional, Bêty, J., additional, Bollache, L., additional, Boulanger-Lapointe, N., additional, Brown, G.S., additional, Eischeid, I., additional, Giroux, M.A., additional, Hájek, T., additional, Hansen, B.B., additional, Hofhuis, S.P., additional, Lamarre, J.-F., additional, Lang, J., additional, Latty, C., additional, Lecomte, N., additional, Macek, P., additional, McKinnon, L., additional, Myers-Smith, I.H., additional, Pedersen, Å.Ø., additional, Prevéy, J.S., additional, Roth, J.D., additional, Saalfeld, S.T., additional, Schmidt, N.M., additional, Smith, P., additional, Sokolov, A., additional, Sokolova, N., additional, Stolz, C., additional, van Bemmelen, R., additional, Varpe, Ø., additional, Woodard, P.F., additional, and Jónsdóttir, I.S., additional
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Pressure of Avian Predators Limits Small-Mammal Populations in Arctic Summer
- Author
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Therrien, J.F., Gauthier, G., Korpimäki, E., and Bêty, J.
- Published
- 2013
10. Developing common protocols to measure tundra herbivory across spatial scales
- Author
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Barrio, I.C., Ehrich, D., Soininen, E.M., Ravolainen, V.T., Bueno, C.G., Gilg, O., Koltz, A.M., Speed, J.D.M., Hik, D.S., Mörsdorf, M., Alatalo, J.M., Angerbjörn, A., Bêty, J., Bollache, L., Boulanger-lapointe, N., Brown, G.S., Eischeid, I., Giroux, M.A., Hájek, T., Hansen, B.B., Hofhuis, S.P., Lamarre, J.F., Lang, J., Latty, C., Lecomte, N., Macek, P., Mckinnon, L., Myers-smith, I.H., Pedersen, Å.O., Prevéy, J.S., Roth, J.D., Saalfeld, S.T., Schmidt, N.M., Smith, P., Sokolov, A., Sokolova, N., Stolz, C., van Bemmelen, R., Varpe, Ø., Woodard, P.F., Jónsdóttir, I.S., Barrio, I.C., Ehrich, D., Soininen, E.M., Ravolainen, V.T., Bueno, C.G., Gilg, O., Koltz, A.M., Speed, J.D.M., Hik, D.S., Mörsdorf, M., Alatalo, J.M., Angerbjörn, A., Bêty, J., Bollache, L., Boulanger-lapointe, N., Brown, G.S., Eischeid, I., Giroux, M.A., Hájek, T., Hansen, B.B., Hofhuis, S.P., Lamarre, J.F., Lang, J., Latty, C., Lecomte, N., Macek, P., Mckinnon, L., Myers-smith, I.H., Pedersen, Å.O., Prevéy, J.S., Roth, J.D., Saalfeld, S.T., Schmidt, N.M., Smith, P., Sokolov, A., Sokolova, N., Stolz, C., van Bemmelen, R., Varpe, Ø., Woodard, P.F., and Jónsdóttir, I.S.
- Abstract
Understanding and predicting large-scale ecological responses to global environmental change requires comparative studies across geographic scales with coordinated efforts and standardized methodologies. We designed, applied, and assessed standardized protocols to measure tundra herbivory at three spatial scales: plot, site (habitat), and study area (landscape). The plot- and site-level protocols were tested in the field during summers 2014–2015 at 11 sites, nine of them consisting of warming experimental plots included in the International Tundra Experiment (ITEX). The study area protocols were assessed during 2014–2018 at 24 study areas across the Arctic. Our protocols provide comparable and easy to implement methods for assessing the intensity of invertebrate herbivory within ITEX plots and for characterizing vertebrate herbivore communities at larger spatial scales. We discuss methodological constraints and make recommendations for how these protocols can be used and how sampling effort can be optimized to obtain comparable estimates of herbivory, both at ITEX sites and at large landscape scales. The application of these protocols across the tundra biome will allow characterizing and comparing herbivore communities across tundra sites and at ecologically relevant spatial scales, providing an important step towards a better understanding of tundra ecosystem responses to large-scale environmental change.
- Published
- 2022
11. Disentangling trophic relationships in a High Arctic tundra ecosystem through food web modeling
- Author
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Legagneux, P., Gauthier, G., Berteaux, D., Bêty, J., Cadieux, M.-C., Bilodeau, F., Bolduc, E., McKinnon, L., Tarroux, A., Therrien, J.-F., Morissette, L., and Krebs, C. J.
- Published
- 2012
12. Suitability of Artificial Nests
- Author
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Faaborg, John, Mckinnon, L., Smith, P. A., Nol, E., Martin, J. L., Doyle, F. I., Abraham, K. F., Gilchrist, H. G., Morrison, R. I. G., and Bêty, J.
- Published
- 2010
13. Lower Predation Risk for Migratory Birds at High Latitudes
- Author
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McKinnon, L., Smith, P. A., Nol, E., Martin, J. L., Doyle, F. I., Abraham, K. F., Gilchrist, H. G., Morrison, R. I. G., and Bêty, J.
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Seasonal variations in migration strategy of a longdistance Arctic-breeding seabird
- Author
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Seyer, Y, primary, Gauthier, G, additional, Bêty, J, additional, Therrien, JF, additional, and Lecomte, N, additional
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Feeding at the front line: interannual variation in the use of glacier fronts by foraging black-legged kittiwakes
- Author
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Bertrand, P, primary, Strøm, H, additional, Bêty, J, additional, Steen, H, additional, Kohler, J, additional, Vihtakari, M, additional, van Pelt, W, additional, Yoccoz, NG, additional, Hop, H, additional, Harris, SM, additional, Patrick, SC, additional, Assmy, P, additional, Wold, A, additional, Duarte, P, additional, Moholdt, G, additional, and Descamps, S, additional
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Plasma mammalian leptin analogue predicts reproductive phenology, but not reproductive output in a capital-income breeding seaduck
- Author
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Hennin, H.L. (Holly L.), Legagneux, P. (Pierre), Gilchrist, H.G. (Hugh Grant), Bêty, J. (Joël), McMurtry, J.P. (John P.), Love, O.P. (Oliver P.), Hennin, H.L. (Holly L.), Legagneux, P. (Pierre), Gilchrist, H.G. (Hugh Grant), Bêty, J. (Joël), McMurtry, J.P. (John P.), and Love, O.P. (Oliver P.)
- Abstract
To invest in energetically demanding life history stages, individuals require a substantial amount of resources. Physiological traits, particularly those related to energetics, can be useful for examining variation in life history decisions and trade-offs because they result from individual responses to environmental variation. Leptin is a protein hormone found in mammals that is proportional to the amount of endogenous fat stores within an individual. Recently, researchers have confirmed that a mammalian leptin analogue (MLA), based on the mammalian sequence of leptin, is present with associated receptors and proteins in avian species, with an inhibitory effect on foraging and body mass gain at high circulating levels. While MLA has been both quantified and manipulated in avian species, little is currently known regarding whether plasma MLA in wild-living species and individuals is associated with key reproductive decisions. We quantified plasma MLA in wild, Arctic-nesting female common eiders (Somateria moll
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
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17. Comment on “Global pattern of nest predation is disrupted by climate change in shorebirds”
- Author
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Bulla, M., Reneerkens, J., Weiser, E.L., Sokolov, A., Taylor, A.R., Sittler, B., McCaffery, B.J., Ruthrauff, D.R., Catlin, D.H., Payer, D.C., Ward, D.H., Solovyeva, D.V., Santos, E.S.A., Rakhimberdiev, E., Nol, E., Kwon, E., Brown, G.S., Gates, H.R., Johnson, J.A., van Gils, J.A., Hansen, J., Lamarre, J.-F., Rausch, J., Conklin, J.R., Liebezeit, J., Bêty, J., Lang, J., Alves, J.A., Fernández-Elipe, J., Exo, K.-M., Bollache, L., Bertellotti, M., Giroux, M.-A., van de Pol, M., Johnson, M., Boldenow, M.L., Valcu, M., Soloviev, M.Y., Sokolova, N., Senner, N.R., Lecomte, N., Meyer, N., Schmidt, N.M., Gilg, G., Smith, P.A., Machín, P., McGuire, R.L., Cerboncini, R.A.S., Ottvall, R., van Bemmelen, R.S.A., Swift, R.J., Saalfeld, S.T., Jamieson, S.E., Brown, S., Piersma, T., Albrecht, T., D’Amico, V., Lanctot, R.B., Kempenaers, B., Bulla, M., Reneerkens, J., Weiser, E.L., Sokolov, A., Taylor, A.R., Sittler, B., McCaffery, B.J., Ruthrauff, D.R., Catlin, D.H., Payer, D.C., Ward, D.H., Solovyeva, D.V., Santos, E.S.A., Rakhimberdiev, E., Nol, E., Kwon, E., Brown, G.S., Gates, H.R., Johnson, J.A., van Gils, J.A., Hansen, J., Lamarre, J.-F., Rausch, J., Conklin, J.R., Liebezeit, J., Bêty, J., Lang, J., Alves, J.A., Fernández-Elipe, J., Exo, K.-M., Bollache, L., Bertellotti, M., Giroux, M.-A., van de Pol, M., Johnson, M., Boldenow, M.L., Valcu, M., Soloviev, M.Y., Sokolova, N., Senner, N.R., Lecomte, N., Meyer, N., Schmidt, N.M., Gilg, G., Smith, P.A., Machín, P., McGuire, R.L., Cerboncini, R.A.S., Ottvall, R., van Bemmelen, R.S.A., Swift, R.J., Saalfeld, S.T., Jamieson, S.E., Brown, S., Piersma, T., Albrecht, T., D’Amico, V., Lanctot, R.B., and Kempenaers, B.
- Published
- 2019
18. ArcticWEB - a pan-Arctic network to monitor and model Arctic trophic interactions
- Author
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Legagneux, Pierre, Giroux, M-A., Archambault, P., Barraquand, F., Berteaux, Dominique, Bêty, J., Gauthier, Gilles, Gilg, Olivier, Ehrich, Dorothee, Høye, Toke Thomas, Ims, Rolf Anker, Lecomte, Nicolas, Naud, M-J., Roslin, Tomas, Schmidt, Niels Martin, Smith, P. A., Sokolov, A.A., Yoccoz, N. G., and Gravel, Dominique
- Published
- 2017
19. Rate of condition gain mediates optimal combinations of lay date and clutch size: a test of the condition-dependent individual optimization model
- Author
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H. L., Hennin, C. J., Dey, Bêty, J., Gilchrist, H.G., Legagneux, Pierre, Love, O. P., and Lacalle, Martine
- Subjects
[SDE] Environmental Sciences ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS - Published
- 2017
20. Significance of extreme weather conditions and black fly outbreaks in an avian Arctic top-predator: a harbinger of future climate?
- Author
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Lamarre, Vincent, Legagneux, Pierre, Franke, A., Curie, D., B, Berteaux, Bêty, J., and Lacalle, Martine
- Subjects
[SDE] Environmental Sciences ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS - Published
- 2017
21. Unexpected diversity in socially synchronized rhythms of shorebirds
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Bulla, M., Valcu, M., Dokter, A.M., Dondua, A.G., Kosztolányi, A., Rutten, A.L., Helm, B., Sandercock, B.K., Casler, B., Ens, B.J., Spiegel, C.S., Hassell, C.J., Küpper, C., Minton, C., Burgas, D., Lank, D.B., Payer, D.C., Loktionov, E.Y., Nol, E., Kwon, E., Smith, F., Gates, H.R., Vitnerová, H., Prüter, H., Johnson, J.A., St Clair, J.J.H., Lamarre, J.-F., Rausch, J., Reneerkens, J., Conklin, J.R., Burger, J., Liebezeit, J., Bêty, J., Coleman, J.T., Figuerola, J., Hooijmeijer, C.E.W., Alves, J.A., Smith, J.A.M., Weidinger, K., Koivula, K., Gosbell, K., Exo, K.-M., Niles, L., Koloski, L., McKinnon, L., Praus, L., Klaassen, M., Giroux, M.-A., Sládecek, M., Boldenow, M.L., Goldstein, M.I., Šálek, M., Senner, N.R., Rönkä, N., Lecomte, N., Gilg, O., Vincze, O., Johnson, O.W., Smith, P.A., Woodard, P.F., Tomkovich, P.S., Battley, P., Bentzen, R., Lanctot, R.B., Porter, R., Saalfeld, S.T., Freeman, S., Brown, S.C., Yezerinac, S., Székely, T., Montalvo, T., Piersma, T., Loverti, V., Pakanen, V.-M., Tijsen, W., Kempenaers, B., Bulla, M., Valcu, M., Dokter, A.M., Dondua, A.G., Kosztolányi, A., Rutten, A.L., Helm, B., Sandercock, B.K., Casler, B., Ens, B.J., Spiegel, C.S., Hassell, C.J., Küpper, C., Minton, C., Burgas, D., Lank, D.B., Payer, D.C., Loktionov, E.Y., Nol, E., Kwon, E., Smith, F., Gates, H.R., Vitnerová, H., Prüter, H., Johnson, J.A., St Clair, J.J.H., Lamarre, J.-F., Rausch, J., Reneerkens, J., Conklin, J.R., Burger, J., Liebezeit, J., Bêty, J., Coleman, J.T., Figuerola, J., Hooijmeijer, C.E.W., Alves, J.A., Smith, J.A.M., Weidinger, K., Koivula, K., Gosbell, K., Exo, K.-M., Niles, L., Koloski, L., McKinnon, L., Praus, L., Klaassen, M., Giroux, M.-A., Sládecek, M., Boldenow, M.L., Goldstein, M.I., Šálek, M., Senner, N.R., Rönkä, N., Lecomte, N., Gilg, O., Vincze, O., Johnson, O.W., Smith, P.A., Woodard, P.F., Tomkovich, P.S., Battley, P., Bentzen, R., Lanctot, R.B., Porter, R., Saalfeld, S.T., Freeman, S., Brown, S.C., Yezerinac, S., Székely, T., Montalvo, T., Piersma, T., Loverti, V., Pakanen, V.-M., Tijsen, W., and Kempenaers, B.
- Published
- 2016
22. Feather corticosterone reveals effect of moulting conditions in the autumn on subsequent reproductive output and survival in an Arctic migratory bird
- Author
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Harms, N.J. (N Jane), Legagneux, P. (Pierre), Gilchrist, H.G. (H Grant), Bêty, J. (Joël), Love, O.P. (Oliver P.), Forbes, M. (Mark), Bortolotti, G.R. (Gary R.), Soos, C. (Catherine), Harms, N.J. (N Jane), Legagneux, P. (Pierre), Gilchrist, H.G. (H Grant), Bêty, J. (Joël), Love, O.P. (Oliver P.), Forbes, M. (Mark), Bortolotti, G.R. (Gary R.), and Soos, C. (Catherine)
- Abstract
For birds, unpredictable environments during the energetically stressful times of moulting and breeding are expected to have negative fitness effects. Detecting those effects however, might be difficult if individuals modulate their physiology and/or behaviours in ways to minimize short-term fitness costs. Corticosterone in feathers (CORTf) is thought to provide information on total baseline and stress-induced CORT levels at moulting and is an integrated measure of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal activity during the time feathers are grown. We predicted that CORTf levels in northern common eider females would relate to subsequent body condition, reproductive success and survival, in a population of eiders nesting in the eastern Canadian Arctic during a capricious period marked by annual avian cholera outbreaks. We collected CORTf data from feathers grown during previous moult in autumn and data on phenology of subsequent reproduction and survival for 242 eider females over 5 years. Using path analyses, we detected a direct relationship between CORTf and arrival date and body condition the following year. CORTf also had negative indirect relationships with both eider reproductive success and survival of eiders during an avian cholera outbreak. This indirect effect was dramatic with a reduction of approximately 30% in subsequent survival of eiders during an avian cholera outbreak when mean CORTf increased by
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Detecting population heterogeneity in effects of North Atlantic Oscillations on seabird body condition: get into the rhythm
- Author
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Descamps, S., Yoccoz, N.G., Gaillard, J.M., Gilchrist, H.G., Erikstad, K.E., Hanssen, S.A., Cazelles, B., Forbes, M.R., Bêty, J., Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biodémographie évolutive, Département écologie évolutive [LBBE], Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE)
- Subjects
[SDV.OT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Other [q-bio.OT] - Published
- 2010
24. No selection on immunological markers in response to a highly virulent pathogen in an Arctic breeding bird
- Author
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Legagneux, P. (Pierre), Berzins, L.L. (Lisha L.), Forbes, M. (Mark), Harms, N.J. (Naomi Jane), Hennin, H.L. (Holly L.), Bourgeon, S. (Sophie), Gilchrist, H.G. (Hugh Grant), Bêty, J. (Joël), Soos, C. (Catherine), Love, O.P. (Oliver P.), Foster, J.T. (Jeffrey T.), Descamps, S. (Sébastien), Burness, G. (Gary), Legagneux, P. (Pierre), Berzins, L.L. (Lisha L.), Forbes, M. (Mark), Harms, N.J. (Naomi Jane), Hennin, H.L. (Holly L.), Bourgeon, S. (Sophie), Gilchrist, H.G. (Hugh Grant), Bêty, J. (Joël), Soos, C. (Catherine), Love, O.P. (Oliver P.), Foster, J.T. (Jeffrey T.), Descamps, S. (Sébastien), and Burness, G. (Gary)
- Abstract
In natural populations, epidemics provide opportunities to look for intense natural selection on genes coding for life history and immune or other physiological traits. If the populations being considered are of management or conservation concern, then identifying the traits under selection (or 'markers') might provide insights into possible intervention strategies during epidemics. We assessed potential for selection on multiple immune and life history traits of Arctic breeding common eiders (Somateria mollissima) during annual avian cholera outbreaks (summers of 2006, 2007 & 2008). We measured prelaying body condition, immune traits, and subsequent reproductive investment (i.e., clutch size) and survival of female common eiders and whether they were infected with Pasteurella multocida, the causative agent of avian cholera. We found no clear and consistent evidence of directional selection on immune traits; however, infected birds had higher levels of haptoglobin than uninfected birds. Also, females that laid larger clutches had slightly lower immune responses during the prelaying period reflecting possible downregulation of the immune system to support higher costs of reproduction. This supports a recent study indicating that birds investing in larger clutches were more likely to die from avian cholera and points to a possible management option to maximize female survival during outbreaks.
- Published
- 2014
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25. Arctic ecosystem structure and functioning shaped by climate and herbivore body size
- Author
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Legagneux, P., primary, Gauthier, G., additional, Lecomte, N., additional, Schmidt, N. M., additional, Reid, D., additional, Cadieux, M-C., additional, Berteaux, D., additional, Bêty, J., additional, Krebs, C. J., additional, Ims, R. A., additional, Yoccoz, N. G., additional, Morrison, R. I. G., additional, Leroux, S. J., additional, Loreau, M., additional, and Gravel, D., additional
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. LONG-TAILED JAEGERS IN THE CANADIAN ARCTIC
- Author
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Therrien, J. F., primary, Gauthier, G., additional, Korpimäki, E., additional, and Bêty, J., additional
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Timing of breeding, peak food availability, and effects of mismatch on chick growth in birds nesting in the High Arctic
- Author
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McKinnon, L., primary, Picotin, M., additional, Bolduc, E., additional, Juillet, C., additional, and Bêty, J., additional
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Diet–tissue discrimination factors of carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes in blood of Snowy Owl (Bubo scandiacus)
- Author
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Therrien, J.-F., primary, Fitzgerald, G., additional, Gauthier, G., additional, and Bêty, J., additional
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Suitability of Artificial Nests—Response
- Author
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McKinnon, L., primary, Smith, P. A., additional, Nol, E., additional, Martin, J. L., additional, Doyle, F. I., additional, Abraham, K. F., additional, Gilchrist, H. G., additional, Morrison, R. I. G., additional, and Bêty, J., additional
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Using life-histories to predict and interpret variability in yolk hormones
- Author
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Love, O.P., primary, Gilchrist, H.G., additional, Bêty, J., additional, Wynne-Edwards, K.E., additional, Berzins, L., additional, and Williams, T.D., additional
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Uneven Rates of Landscape Change as a Source of Bias in Roadside Wildlife Surveys
- Author
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BETTS, M. G., primary, MITCHELL, D., additional, DIAMOND, A. W., additional, and BÊTY, J., additional
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. A circumpolar study unveils a positive non-linear effect of temperature on arctic arthropod availability that may reduce the risk of warming-induced trophic mismatch for breeding shorebirds.
- Author
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Chagnon-Lafortune A, Duchesne É, Legagneux P, McKinnon L, Reneerkens J, Casajus N, Abraham KF, Bolduc É, Brown GS, Brown SC, Gates HR, Gilg O, Giroux MA, Gurney K, Kendall S, Kwon E, Lanctot RB, Lank DB, Lecomte N, Leung M, Liebezeit JR, Morrison RIG, Nol E, Payer DC, Reid D, Ruthrauff D, Saalfeld ST, Sandercock BK, Smith PA, Schmidt NM, Tulp I, Ward DH, Høye TT, Berteaux D, and Bêty J
- Subjects
- Animals, Arctic Regions, Climate Change, Food Chain, Charadriiformes physiology, Animal Migration, Arthropods physiology, Seasons, Temperature, Biomass
- Abstract
Seasonally abundant arthropods are a crucial food source for many migratory birds that breed in the Arctic. In cold environments, the growth and emergence of arthropods are particularly tied to temperature. Thus, the phenology of arthropods is anticipated to undergo a rapid change in response to a warming climate, potentially leading to a trophic mismatch between migratory insectivorous birds and their prey. Using data from 19 sites spanning a wide temperature gradient from the Subarctic to the High Arctic, we investigated the effects of temperature on the phenology and biomass of arthropods available to shorebirds during their short breeding season at high latitudes. We hypothesized that prolonged exposure to warmer summer temperatures would generate earlier peaks in arthropod biomass, as well as higher peak and seasonal biomass. Across the temperature gradient encompassed by our study sites (>10°C in average summer temperatures), we found a 3-day shift in average peak date for every increment of 80 cumulative thawing degree-days. Interestingly, we found a linear relationship between temperature and arthropod biomass only below temperature thresholds. Higher temperatures were associated with higher peak and seasonal biomass below 106 and 177 cumulative thawing degree-days, respectively, between June 5 and July 15. Beyond these thresholds, no relationship was observed between temperature and arthropod biomass. Our results suggest that prolonged exposure to elevated temperatures can positively influence prey availability for some arctic birds. This positive effect could, in part, stem from changes in arthropod assemblages and may reduce the risk of trophic mismatch., (© 2024 His Majesty the King in Right of Canada and The Authors. Global Change Biology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Reproduced with the permission of the Minister of Environment and Climate Change Canada. This article has been contributed to by U.S. Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.)
- Published
- 2024
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- View/download PDF
33. Why do avian responses to change in Arctic green-up vary?
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Tavera EA, Lank DB, Douglas DC, Sandercock BK, Lanctot RB, Schmidt NM, Reneerkens J, Ward DH, Bêty J, Kwon E, Lecomte N, Gratto-Trevor C, Smith PA, English WB, Saalfeld ST, Brown SC, Gates HR, Nol E, Liebezeit JR, McGuire RL, McKinnon L, Kendall S, Robards M, Boldenow M, Payer DC, Rausch J, Solovyeva DV, Stalwick JA, and Gurney KEB
- Subjects
- Animals, Arctic Regions, Female, Charadriiformes physiology, Reproduction, Climate Change, Seasons, Animal Migration physiology, Nesting Behavior
- Abstract
Global climate change has altered the timing of seasonal events (i.e., phenology) for a diverse range of biota. Within and among species, however, the degree to which alterations in phenology match climate variability differ substantially. To better understand factors driving these differences, we evaluated variation in timing of nesting of eight Arctic-breeding shorebird species at 18 sites over a 23-year period. We used the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index as a proxy to determine the start of spring (SOS) growing season and quantified relationships between SOS and nest initiation dates as a measure of phenological responsiveness. Among species, we tested four life history traits (migration distance, seasonal timing of breeding, female body mass, expected female reproductive effort) as species-level predictors of responsiveness. For one species (Semipalmated Sandpiper), we also evaluated whether responsiveness varied across sites. Although no species in our study completely tracked annual variation in SOS, phenological responses were strongest for Western Sandpipers, Pectoral Sandpipers, and Red Phalaropes. Migration distance was the strongest additional predictor of responsiveness, with longer-distance migrant species generally tracking variation in SOS more closely than species that migrate shorter distances. Semipalmated Sandpipers are a widely distributed species, but adjustments in timing of nesting relative to variability in SOS did not vary across sites, suggesting that different breeding populations of this species were equally responsive to climate cues despite differing migration strategies. Our results unexpectedly show that long-distance migrants are more sensitive to local environmental conditions, which may help them to adapt to ongoing changes in climate., (© 2024 His Majesty the King in Right of Canada. Global Change Biology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Reproduced with the permission of the Minister of Environment and Climate Change Canada.This article has been contributed to by U.S. Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.)
- Published
- 2024
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34. Predator home range size mediates indirect interactions between prey species in an arctic vertebrate community.
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Dulude-de Broin F, Clermont J, Beardsell A, Ouellet LP, Legagneux P, Bêty J, and Berteaux D
- Subjects
- Animals, Food Chain, Geese physiology, Foxes physiology, Homing Behavior, Predatory Behavior physiology
- Abstract
Indirect interactions are widespread among prey species that share a common predator, but the underlying mechanisms driving these interactions are often unclear, and our ability to predict their outcome is limited. Changes in behavioural traits that impact predator space use could be a key proximal mechanism mediating indirect interactions, but there is little empirical evidence of the causes and consequences of such behavioural-numerical response in multispecies systems. Here, we investigate the complex ecological relationships between seven prey species sharing a common predator. We used a path analysis approach on a comprehensive 9-year data set simultaneously tracking predator space use, prey densities and prey mortality rate on key species of a simplified Arctic food web. We show that high availability of a clumped and spatially predictable prey (goose eggs) leads to a twofold reduction in predator (arctic fox) home range size, which increases local predator density and strongly decreases nest survival of an incidental prey (American golden plover). On the contrary, a scattered cyclic prey with potentially lower spatial predictability (lemming) had a weaker effect on fox space use and an overall positive impact on the survival of incidental prey. These contrasting effects underline the importance of studying behavioural responses of predators in multiprey systems and to explicitly integrate behavioural-numerical responses in multispecies predator-prey models., (© 2023 The Authors. Journal of Animal Ecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of British Ecological Society.)
- Published
- 2023
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35. Factors influencing mercury exposure in Arctic-breeding shorebirds.
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Perkins M, Stenhouse IJ, Lanctot RB, Brown S, Bêty J, Boldenow M, Cunningham J, English W, Gates R, Gilchrist HG, Giroux MA, Grond K, Hill B, Kwon E, Lamarre JF, Lank DB, Lecomte N, Pavlik D, Rausch J, Regan K, Robards M, Saalfeld ST, Smith F, Smith PA, Wilkinson B, Woodard P, and Basu N
- Subjects
- Humans, Animals, Ecosystem, Birds, Breeding, Environmental Monitoring, Mercury analysis
- Abstract
Mercury (Hg) pollution remains a concern to Arctic ecosystems, due to long-range transport from southern industrial regions and melting permafrost and glaciers. The objective of this study was to identify intrinsic, extrinsic, and temporal factors influencing Hg concentrations in Arctic-breeding shorebirds and highlight regions and species at greatest risk of Hg exposure. We analyzed 1094 blood and 1384 feather samples from 12 shorebird species breeding at nine sites across the North American Arctic during 2012 and 2013. Blood Hg concentrations, which reflect Hg exposure in the local area in individual shorebirds: 1) ranged from 0.01-3.52 μg/g ww, with an overall mean of 0.30 ± 0.27 μg/g ww; 2) were influenced by species and study site, but not sampling year, with birds sampled near Utqiaġvik, AK, having the highest concentrations; and 3) were influenced by foraging habitat at some sites. Feather Hg concentrations, which reflected Hg exposure from the wintering grounds: 1) ranged from 0.07-12.14 μg/g fw in individuals, with an overall mean of 1.14 ± 1.18 μg/g fw; and 2) were influenced by species and year. Most Arctic-breeding shorebirds had blood and feather Hg concentrations at levels where no adverse effects of exposure were predicted, though some individuals sampled near Utqiaġvik had Hg levels that would be considered of concern. Overall, these data increase our understanding of how Hg is distributed in the various shorebird breeding areas of the Arctic, what factors predispose Arctic-breeding shorebirds to Hg exposure, and lay the foundation for future monitoring efforts., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)
- Published
- 2023
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36. Predator-mediated interactions through changes in predator home range size can lead to local prey exclusion.
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Beardsell A, Berteaux D, Dulude-De Broin F, Gauthier G, Clermont J, Gravel D, and Bêty J
- Subjects
- Animals, Foxes physiology, Population Dynamics, Geese physiology, Population Growth, Predatory Behavior physiology, Arvicolinae physiology, Food Chain, Homing Behavior, Charadriiformes
- Abstract
The strength of indirect biotic interactions is difficult to quantify in the wild and can alter community composition. To investigate whether the presence of a prey species affects the population growth rate of another prey species, we quantified predator-mediated interaction strength using a multi-prey mechanistic model of predation and a population matrix model. Models were parametrized using behavioural, demographic and experimental data from a vertebrate community that includes the arctic fox ( Vulpes lagopus ), a predator feeding on lemmings and eggs of various species such as sandpipers and geese. We show that the positive effects of the goose colony on sandpiper nesting success (due to reduction of search time for sandpiper nests) were outweighed by the negative effect of an increase in fox density. The fox numerical response was driven by changes in home range size. As a result, the net interaction from the presence of geese was negative and could lead to local exclusion of sandpipers. Our study provides a rare empirically based model that integrates mechanistic multi-species functional responses and behavioural processes underlying the predator numerical response. This is an important step forward in our ability to quantify the consequences of predation for community structure and dynamics.
- Published
- 2023
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37. A mechanistic model of functional response provides new insights into indirect interactions among arctic tundra prey.
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Beardsell A, Gravel D, Clermont J, Berteaux D, Gauthier G, and Bêty J
- Subjects
- Animals, Arctic Regions, Arvicolinae physiology, Birds physiology, Foxes physiology, Population Dynamics, Predatory Behavior, Tundra
- Abstract
Prey handling processes are considered a dominant mechanism leading to short-term positive indirect effects between prey that share a predator. However, a growing body of research indicates that predators are not necessarily limited by such processes in the wild. Density-dependent changes in predator foraging behavior can also generate positive indirect effects but they are rarely included as explicit functions of prey densities in functional response models. With the aim of untangling proximate mechanisms of species interactions in natural communities and improving our ability to quantify interaction strength, we extended the multi-prey version of the Holling disk equation by including density-dependent changes in predator foraging behavior. Our model, based on species traits and behavior, was inspired by the vertebrate community of the arctic tundra, where the main predator (the arctic fox) is an active forager feeding primarily on cyclic small rodent (lemming) and eggs of various tundra-nesting bird species. Short-term positive indirect effects of lemmings on birds have been documented over the circumpolar Arctic but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. We used a unique data set, containing high-frequency GPS tracking, accelerometer, behavioral, and experimental data to parameterize the multi-prey model, and a 15-year time series of prey densities and bird nesting success to evaluate interaction strength between species. We found that (1) prey handling processes play a minor role in our system and (2) changes in arctic fox daily activity budget and distance traveled can partly explain the predation release on birds observed during lemming peaks. These adjustments in predator foraging behavior with respect to the main prey density thus appear as the dominant mechanism leading to positive indirect effects commonly reported among arctic tundra prey. Density-dependent changes in functional response components have been little studied in natural vertebrate communities and deserve more attention to improve our ability to quantify the strength of species interactions., (© 2022 The Ecological Society of America.)
- Published
- 2022
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38. Fine-scale spatial segregation in a pelagic seabird driven by differential use of tidewater glacier fronts.
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Bertrand P, Bêty J, Yoccoz NG, Fortin MJ, Strøm H, Steen H, Kohler J, Harris SM, Patrick SC, Chastel O, Blévin P, Hop H, Moholdt G, Maton J, and Descamps S
- Subjects
- Animals, Arctic Regions, Ecosystem, Estuaries, Feeding Behavior physiology, Ice Cover, Seasons, Birds physiology, Charadriiformes physiology
- Abstract
In colonially breeding marine predators, individual movements and colonial segregation are influenced by seascape characteristics. Tidewater glacier fronts are important features of the Arctic seascape and are often described as foraging hotspots. Albeit their documented importance for wildlife, little is known about their structuring effect on Arctic predator movements and space use. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that tidewater glacier fronts can influence marine bird foraging patterns and drive spatial segregation among adjacent colonies. We analysed movements of black-legged kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla) in a glacial fjord by tracking breeding individuals from five colonies. Although breeding kittiwakes were observed to travel up to ca. 280 km from the colony, individuals were more likely to use glacier fronts located closer to their colony and rarely used glacier fronts located farther away than 18 km. Such variation in the use of glacier fronts created fine-scale spatial segregation among the four closest (ca. 7 km distance on average) kittiwake colonies. Overall, our results support the hypothesis that spatially predictable foraging patches like glacier fronts can have strong structuring effects on predator movements and can modulate the magnitude of intercolonial spatial segregation in central-place foragers., (© 2021. The Author(s).)
- Published
- 2021
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39. Global COVID-19 lockdown highlights humans as both threats and custodians of the environment.
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Bates AE, Primack RB, Biggar BS, Bird TJ, Clinton ME, Command RJ, Richards C, Shellard M, Geraldi NR, Vergara V, Acevedo-Charry O, Colón-Piñeiro Z, Ocampo D, Ocampo-Peñuela N, Sánchez-Clavijo LM, Adamescu CM, Cheval S, Racoviceanu T, Adams MD, Kalisa E, Kuuire VZ, Aditya V, Anderwald P, Wiesmann S, Wipf S, Badihi G, Henderson MG, Loetscher H, Baerenfaller K, Benedetti-Cecchi L, Bulleri F, Bertocci I, Maggi E, Rindi L, Ravaglioli C, Boerder K, Bonnel J, Mathias D, Archambault P, Chauvaud L, Braun CD, Thorrold SR, Brownscombe JW, Midwood JD, Boston CM, Brooks JL, Cooke SJ, China V, Roll U, Belmaker J, Zvuloni A, Coll M, Ortega M, Connors B, Lacko L, Jayathilake DRM, Costello MJ, Crimmins TM, Barnett L, Denny EG, Gerst KL, Marsh RL, Posthumus EE, Rodriguez R, Rosemartin A, Schaffer SN, Switzer JR, Wong K, Cunningham SJ, Sumasgutner P, Amar A, Thomson RL, Stofberg M, Hofmeyr S, Suri J, Stuart-Smith RD, Day PB, Edgar GJ, Cooper AT, De Leo FC, Garner G, Des Brisay PG, Schrimpf MB, Koper N, Diamond MS, Dwyer RG, Baker CJ, Franklin CE, Efrat R, Berger-Tal O, Hatzofe O, Eguíluz VM, Rodríguez JP, Fernández-Gracia J, Elustondo D, Calatayud V, English PA, Archer SK, Dudas SE, Haggarty DR, Gallagher AJ, Shea BD, Shipley ON, Gilby BL, Ballantyne J, Olds AD, Henderson CJ, Schlacher TA, Halliday WD, Brown NAW, Woods MB, Balshine S, Juanes F, Rider MJ, Albano PS, Hammerschlag N, Hays GC, Esteban N, Pan Y, He G, Tanaka T, Hensel MJS, Orth RJ, Patrick CJ, Hentati-Sundberg J, Olsson O, Hessing-Lewis ML, Higgs ND, Hindell MA, McMahon CR, Harcourt R, Guinet C, Hirsch SE, Perrault JR, Hoover SR, Reilly JD, Hobaiter C, Gruber T, Huveneers C, Udyawer V, Clarke TM, Kroesen LP, Hik DS, Cherry SG, Del Bel Belluz JA, Jackson JM, Lai S, Lamb CT, LeClair GD, Parmelee JR, Chatfield MWH, Frederick CA, Lee S, Park H, Choi J, LeTourneux F, Grandmont T, de-Broin FD, Bêty J, Gauthier G, Legagneux P, Lewis JS, Haight J, Liu Z, Lyon JP, Hale R, D'Silva D, MacGregor-Fors I, Arbeláez-Cortés E, Estela FA, Sánchez-Sarria CE, García-Arroyo M, Aguirre-Samboní GK, Franco Morales JC, Malamud S, Gavriel T, Buba Y, Salingré S, Lazarus M, Yahel R, Ari YB, Miller E, Sade R, Lavian G, Birman Z, Gury M, Baz H, Baskin I, Penn A, Dolev A, Licht O, Karkom T, Davidzon S, Berkovitch A, Yaakov O, Manenti R, Mori E, Ficetola GF, Lunghi E, March D, Godley BJ, Martin C, Mihaly SF, Barclay DR, Thomson DJM, Dewey R, Bedard J, Miller A, Dearden A, Chapman J, Dares L, Borden L, Gibbs D, Schultz J, Sergeenko N, Francis F, Weltman A, Moity N, Ramírez-González J, Mucientes G, Alonso-Fernández A, Namir I, Bar-Massada A, Chen R, Yedvab S, Okey TA, Oppel S, Arkumarev V, Bakari S, Dobrev V, Saravia-Mullin V, Bounas A, Dobrev D, Kret E, Mengistu S, Pourchier C, Ruffo A, Tesfaye M, Wondafrash M, Nikolov SC, Palmer C, Sileci L, Rex PT, Lowe CG, Peters F, Pine MK, Radford CA, Wilson L, McWhinnie L, Scuderi A, Jeffs AG, Prudic KL, Larrivée M, McFarland KP, Solis R, Hutchinson RA, Queiroz N, Furtado MA, Sims DW, Southall E, Quesada-Rodriguez CA, Diaz-Orozco JP, Rodgers KS, Severino SJL, Graham AT, Stefanak MP, Madin EMP, Ryan PG, Maclean K, Weideman EA, Şekercioğlu ÇH, Kittelberger KD, Kusak J, Seminoff JA, Hanna ME, Shimada T, Meekan MG, Smith MKS, Mokhatla MM, Soh MCK, Pang RYT, Ng BXK, Lee BPY, Loo AHB, Er KBH, Souza GBG, Stallings CD, Curtis JS, Faletti ME, Peake JA, Schram MJ, Wall KR, Terry C, Rothendler M, Zipf L, Ulloa JS, Hernández-Palma A, Gómez-Valencia B, Cruz-Rodríguez C, Herrera-Varón Y, Roa M, Rodríguez-Buriticá S, Ochoa-Quintero JM, Vardi R, Vázquez V, Requena-Mesa C, Warrington MH, Taylor ME, Woodall LC, Stefanoudis PV, Zhang X, Yang Q, Zukerman Y, Sigal Z, Ayali A, Clua EEG, Carzon P, Seguine C, Corradini A, Pedrotti L, Foley CM, Gagnon CA, Panipakoochoo E, Milanes CB, Botero CM, Velázquez YR, Milchakova NA, Morley SA, Martin SM, Nanni V, Otero T, Wakeling J, Abarro S, Piou C, Sobral AFL, Soto EH, Weigel EG, Bernal-Ibáñez A, Gestoso I, Cacabelos E, Cagnacci F, Devassy RP, Loretto MC, Moraga P, Rutz C, and Duarte CM
- Abstract
The global lockdown to mitigate COVID-19 pandemic health risks has altered human interactions with nature. Here, we report immediate impacts of changes in human activities on wildlife and environmental threats during the early lockdown months of 2020, based on 877 qualitative reports and 332 quantitative assessments from 89 different studies. Hundreds of reports of unusual species observations from around the world suggest that animals quickly responded to the reductions in human presence. However, negative effects of lockdown on conservation also emerged, as confinement resulted in some park officials being unable to perform conservation, restoration and enforcement tasks, resulting in local increases in illegal activities such as hunting. Overall, there is a complex mixture of positive and negative effects of the pandemic lockdown on nature, all of which have the potential to lead to cascading responses which in turn impact wildlife and nature conservation. While the net effect of the lockdown will need to be assessed over years as data becomes available and persistent effects emerge, immediate responses were detected across the world. Thus, initial qualitative and quantitative data arising from this serendipitous global quasi-experimental perturbation highlights the dual role that humans play in threatening and protecting species and ecosystems. Pathways to favorably tilt this delicate balance include reducing impacts and increasing conservation effectiveness., Competing Interests: Authors declare no competing interests., (© 2021 Published by Elsevier Ltd.)
- Published
- 2021
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40. Linking winter habitat use, diet and reproduction in snowy owls using satellite tracking and stable isotope analyses.
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Robillard A, Gauthier G, Therrien JF, and Bêty J
- Subjects
- Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena, Animals, Arctic Regions, Ecosystem, Feathers chemistry, Female, Nunavut, Predatory Behavior, Satellite Communications, Seasons, Carbon Isotopes analysis, Nitrogen Isotopes analysis, Reproduction physiology, Strigiformes physiology
- Abstract
Coupling isotope values of feathers and satellite tracking of individuals have the potential to reveal multi-season linkages between wintering habitat, diet and carry-over effects on reproductive parameters in migrating birds. Snowy owls Bubo scandiacus have multiple wintering tactics as they can use both terrestrial and marine resources during the non-breeding season, but their nomadic behaviour complicates their study. We assessed if inter-individual variability in the diet inferred by feather isotopes could be explained by habitat use in winter as determined by satellite telemetry and examined possible carry-over effects on reproduction. Seventeen breeding female snowy owls were equipped with satellite transmitters and sampled for stable isotopes ( δ
13 C and δ15 N) in feathers. We found a positive relationship between the use of the coastal and marine environments in winter and the contribution of marine resources to the diet of snowy owls in the previous year based on feather analysis. The proportion of marine contribution to the winter diet was variable among individuals and showed a weak negative relationship to summer body mass but not with laying date or clutch size. Our integrated approach shows the usefulness of isotope analyses to infer habitat use and expand the temporal coverage of radio-tracking studies.- Published
- 2021
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41. COVID19-induced reduction in human disturbance enhances fattening of an overabundant goose species.
- Author
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LeTourneux F, Grandmont T, Dulude-de Broin F, Martin MC, Lefebvre J, Kato A, Bêty J, Gauthier G, and Legagneux P
- Abstract
Overabundant species can have major impacts on their habitat and induce trophic cascades within ecosystems. In North America, the overabundant greater snow goose ( Anser caerulescens atlanticus ) has been successfully controlled through special spring hunting regulations since 1999. Hunting is a source of mortality but also of disturbance, which affects the behavior and nutrient storage dynamics of staging snow geese. In 2020, the lockdown imposed by the COVID19 pandemic reduced hunting activity during their migratory stopover in Québec by at least 31%. This provided a unique opportunity to assess the effects of a sudden reduction in hunting disturbance on geese. We used long-term data on body mass combined with movement data from GPS-tracked birds in 2019 and 2020 to assess the effects of the 2020 lockdown on the spring body condition and behavior of greater snow geese. Body condition was higher in 2020 than in all years since the inception of spring hunting in 1999, except for 2019. However, in 2020 geese reached maximal body condition earlier during the staging period than in any other year and reduced by half time spent feeding in highly profitable but risky agricultural habitat in late spring compared to 2019. Although our study was not designed to evaluate the effects of the lockdown, the associated reduction in disturbance in 2020 supports the hypothesis that hunting-related disturbance negatively affects foraging efficiency and body condition in geese. Since spring body condition is related to subsequent breeding success, the lockdown could increase productivity in this overabundant population., Competing Interests: The authors declare they have no known competing interests, financial or otherwise that have influenced the contents of this paper., (© 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2021
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42. Behavioural responses of breeding arctic sandpipers to ground-surface temperature and primary productivity.
- Author
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Meyer N, Bollache L, Galipaud M, Moreau J, Dechaume-Moncharmont FX, Afonso E, Angerbjörn A, Bêty J, Brown G, Ehrich D, Gilg V, Giroux MA, Hansen J, Lanctot R, Lang J, Latty C, Lecomte N, McKinnon L, Kennedy L, Reneerkens J, Saalfeld S, Sabard B, Schmidt NM, Sittler B, Smith P, Sokolov A, Sokolov V, Sokolova N, van Bemmelen R, Varpe Ø, and Gilg O
- Subjects
- Animals, Arctic Regions, Breeding, Temperature, Charadriiformes, Nesting Behavior
- Abstract
Most birds incubate their eggs, which requires time and energy at the expense of other activities. Birds generally have two incubation strategies: biparental where both mates cooperate in incubating eggs, and uniparental where a single parent incubates. In harsh and unpredictable environments, incubation is challenging due to high energetic demands and variable resource availability. We studied the relationships between the incubation behaviour of sandpipers (genus Calidris) and two environmental variables: temperature and a proxy of primary productivity (i.e. NDVI). We investigated how these relationships vary between incubation strategies and across species among strategies. We also studied how the relationship between current temperature and incubation behaviour varies with previous day's temperature. We monitored the incubation behaviour of nine sandpiper species using thermologgers at 15 arctic sites between 2016 and 2019. We also used thermologgers to record the ground surface temperature at conspecific nest sites and extracted NDVI values from a remote sensing product. We found no relationship between either environmental variables and biparental incubation behaviour. Conversely, as ground-surface temperature increased, uniparental species decreased total duration of recesses (TDR) and mean duration of recesses (MDR), but increased number of recesses (NR). Moreover, small species showed stronger relationships with ground-surface temperature than large species. When all uniparental species were combined, an increase in NDVI was correlated with higher mean duration, total duration and number of recesses, but relationships varied widely across species. Finally, some uniparental species showed a lag effect with a higher nest attentiveness after a warm day while more recesses occurred after a cold day than was predicted based on current temperatures. We demonstrate the complex interplay between shorebird incubation strategies, incubation behaviour, and environmental conditions. Understanding how species respond to changes in their environment during incubation helps predict their future reproductive success., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2021
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43. Ecological insights from three decades of animal movement tracking across a changing Arctic.
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Davidson SC, Bohrer G, Gurarie E, LaPoint S, Mahoney PJ, Boelman NT, Eitel JUH, Prugh LR, Vierling LA, Jennewein J, Grier E, Couriot O, Kelly AP, Meddens AJH, Oliver RY, Kays R, Wikelski M, Aarvak T, Ackerman JT, Alves JA, Bayne E, Bedrosian B, Belant JL, Berdahl AM, Berlin AM, Berteaux D, Bêty J, Boiko D, Booms TL, Borg BL, Boutin S, Boyd WS, Brides K, Brown S, Bulyuk VN, Burnham KK, Cabot D, Casazza M, Christie K, Craig EH, Davis SE, Davison T, Demma D, DeSorbo CR, Dixon A, Domenech R, Eichhorn G, Elliott K, Evenson JR, Exo KM, Ferguson SH, Fiedler W, Fisk A, Fort J, Franke A, Fuller MR, Garthe S, Gauthier G, Gilchrist G, Glazov P, Gray CE, Grémillet D, Griffin L, Hallworth MT, Harrison AL, Hennin HL, Hipfner JM, Hodson J, Johnson JA, Joly K, Jones K, Katzner TE, Kidd JW, Knight EC, Kochert MN, Kölzsch A, Kruckenberg H, Lagassé BJ, Lai S, Lamarre JF, Lanctot RB, Larter NC, Latham ADM, Latty CJ, Lawler JP, Léandri-Breton DJ, Lee H, Lewis SB, Love OP, Madsen J, Maftei M, Mallory ML, Mangipane B, Markovets MY, Marra PP, McGuire R, McIntyre CL, McKinnon EA, Miller TA, Moonen S, Mu T, Müskens GJDM, Ng J, Nicholson KL, Øien IJ, Overton C, Owen PA, Patterson A, Petersen A, Pokrovsky I, Powell LL, Prieto R, Quillfeldt P, Rausch J, Russell K, Saalfeld ST, Schekkerman H, Schmutz JA, Schwemmer P, Seip DR, Shreading A, Silva MA, Smith BW, Smith F, Smith JP, Snell KRS, Sokolov A, Sokolov V, Solovyeva DV, Sorum MS, Tertitski G, Therrien JF, Thorup K, Tibbitts TL, Tulp I, Uher-Koch BD, van Bemmelen RSA, Van Wilgenburg S, Von Duyke AL, Watson JL, Watts BD, Williams JA, Wilson MT, Wright JR, Yates MA, Yurkowski DJ, Žydelis R, and Hebblewhite M
- Subjects
- Acclimatization, Animals, Archives, Arctic Regions, Population, Animal Migration, Ecological Parameter Monitoring
- Abstract
The Arctic is entering a new ecological state, with alarming consequences for humanity. Animal-borne sensors offer a window into these changes. Although substantial animal tracking data from the Arctic and subarctic exist, most are difficult to discover and access. Here, we present the new Arctic Animal Movement Archive (AAMA), a growing collection of more than 200 standardized terrestrial and marine animal tracking studies from 1991 to the present. The AAMA supports public data discovery, preserves fundamental baseline data for the future, and facilitates efficient, collaborative data analysis. With AAMA-based case studies, we document climatic influences on the migration phenology of eagles, geographic differences in the adaptive response of caribou reproductive phenology to climate change, and species-specific changes in terrestrial mammal movement rates in response to increasing temperature., (Copyright © 2020 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works.)
- Published
- 2020
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44. Parasitoids indicate major climate-induced shifts in arctic communities.
- Author
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Kankaanpää T, Vesterinen E, Hardwick B, Schmidt NM, Andersson T, Aspholm PE, Barrio IC, Beckers N, Bêty J, Birkemoe T, DeSiervo M, Drotos KHI, Ehrich D, Gilg O, Gilg V, Hein N, Høye TT, Jakobsen KM, Jodouin C, Jorna J, Kozlov MV, Kresse JC, Leandri-Breton DJ, Lecomte N, Loonen M, Marr P, Monckton SK, Olsen M, Otis JA, Pyle M, Roos RE, Raundrup K, Rozhkova D, Sabard B, Sokolov A, Sokolova N, Solecki AM, Urbanowicz C, Villeneuve C, Vyguzova E, Zverev V, and Roslin T
- Subjects
- Animals, Arctic Regions, Greenland, Host-Parasite Interactions, Larva, Ecosystem, Herbivory
- Abstract
Climatic impacts are especially pronounced in the Arctic, which as a region is warming twice as fast as the rest of the globe. Here, we investigate how mean climatic conditions and rates of climatic change impact parasitoid insect communities in 16 localities across the Arctic. We focus on parasitoids in a widespread habitat, Dryas heathlands, and describe parasitoid community composition in terms of larval host use (i.e., parasitoid use of herbivorous Lepidoptera vs. pollinating Diptera) and functional groups differing in their closeness of host associations (koinobionts vs. idiobionts). Of the latter, we expect idiobionts-as being less fine-tuned to host development-to be generally less tolerant to cold temperatures, since they are confined to attacking hosts pupating and overwintering in relatively exposed locations. To further test our findings, we assess whether similar climatic variables are associated with host abundances in a 22 year time series from Northeast Greenland. We find sites which have experienced a temperature rise in summer while retaining cold winters to be dominated by parasitoids of Lepidoptera, with the reverse being true for the parasitoids of Diptera. The rate of summer temperature rise is further associated with higher levels of herbivory, suggesting higher availability of lepidopteran hosts and changes in ecosystem functioning. We also detect a matching signal over time, as higher summer temperatures, coupled with cold early winter soils, are related to high herbivory by lepidopteran larvae, and to declines in the abundance of dipteran pollinators. Collectively, our results suggest that in parts of the warming Arctic, Dryas is being simultaneously exposed to increased herbivory and reduced pollination. Our findings point to potential drastic and rapid consequences of climate change on multitrophic-level community structure and on ecosystem functioning and highlight the value of collaborative, systematic sampling effort., (© 2020 The Authors. Global Change Biology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
- Published
- 2020
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45. Seasonal food webs with migrations: multi-season models reveal indirect species interactions in the Canadian Arctic tundra.
- Author
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Hutchison C, Guichard F, Legagneux P, Gauthier G, Bêty J, Berteaux D, Fauteux D, and Gravel D
- Subjects
- Animals, Arctic Regions, Arvicolinae, Biomass, Foxes, Geese, Global Warming, Nunavut, Seasons, Strigiformes, Animal Migration, Food Chain, Models, Biological, Tundra
- Abstract
Models incorporating seasonality are necessary to fully assess the impact of global warming on Arctic communities. Seasonal migrations are a key component of Arctic food webs that still elude current theories predicting a single community equilibrium. We develop a multi-season model of predator-prey dynamics using a hybrid dynamical systems framework applied to a simplified tundra food web (lemming-fox-goose-owl). Hybrid systems models can accommodate multiple equilibria, which is a basic requirement for modelling food webs whose topology changes with season. We demonstrate that our model can generate multi-annual cycling in lemming dynamics, solely from a combined effect of seasonality and state-dependent behaviour. We compare our multi-season model to a static model of the predator-prey community dynamics and study the interactions between species. Interestingly, including seasonality reveals indirect interactions between migrants and residents not captured by the static model. Further, we find that the direction and magnitude of interactions between two species are not necessarily accurate using only summer time-series. Our study demonstrates the need for the development of multi-season models and provides the tools to analyse them. Integrating seasonality in food web modelling is a vital step to improve predictions about the impacts of climate change on ecosystem functioning. This article is part of the theme issue 'The changing Arctic Ocean: consequences for biological communities, biogeochemical processes and ecosystem functioning'.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Vulnerability to predation may affect species distribution: plovers with broader arctic breeding range nest in safer habitat.
- Author
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Léandri-Breton DJ and Bêty J
- Subjects
- Animals, Population, Risk, Safety, Species Specificity, Tundra, Birds physiology, Breeding, Ecosystem, Nesting Behavior physiology, Predatory Behavior, Survival
- Abstract
Lower vulnerability to predation should increase the capacity of prey populations to maintain positive population growth rate in regions characterized by high predation pressure. Some arctic-nesting shorebirds nest almost exclusively in areas where predation pressure is regularly released. The few species that can breed within the entire distribution range of the Arctic Fox, the main nest predator in the arctic tundra, are supposedly less sensitive to predation. However, empirical data supporting this hypothesis are scarce and mechanisms driving interspecific variation in vulnerability to nest predation are poorly documented. We monitored nest success of two arctic-nesting shorebirds with contrasting breeding distribution and nesting habitat. We found that (i) when co-existing at the same breeding site, the widely distributed Ringed Plovers nesting along stony shores showed a higher nest survival rate than the Golden Plovers nesting in mesic tundra, and (ii) such differences in nest survival were at least partly driven by the nesting habitat type per se, with lower predation risk in stony shores than in adjacent mesic tundra. We suggest that the use of safer nesting habitat by some shorebird species can contribute to maintaining viable breeding populations over a broader distribution range.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Comment on "Global pattern of nest predation is disrupted by climate change in shorebirds".
- Author
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Bulla M, Reneerkens J, Weiser EL, Sokolov A, Taylor AR, Sittler B, McCaffery BJ, Ruthrauff DR, Catlin DH, Payer DC, Ward DH, Solovyeva DV, Santos ESA, Rakhimberdiev E, Nol E, Kwon E, Brown GS, Hevia GD, Gates HR, Johnson JA, van Gils JA, Hansen J, Lamarre JF, Rausch J, Conklin JR, Liebezeit J, Bêty J, Lang J, Alves JA, Fernández-Elipe J, Exo KM, Bollache L, Bertellotti M, Giroux MA, van de Pol M, Johnson M, Boldenow ML, Valcu M, Soloviev M, Sokolova N, Senner NR, Lecomte N, Meyer N, Schmidt NM, Gilg O, Smith PA, Machín P, McGuire RL, Cerboncini RAS, Ottvall R, van Bemmelen RSA, Swift RJ, Saalfeld ST, Jamieson SE, Brown S, Piersma T, Albrecht T, D'Amico V, Lanctot RB, and Kempenaers B
- Subjects
- Animals, Arctic Regions, Predatory Behavior, Climate Change, Nesting Behavior
- Abstract
Kubelka et al (Reports, 9 November 2018, p. 680) claim that climate change has disrupted patterns of nest predation in shorebirds. They report that predation rates have increased since the 1950s, especially in the Arctic. We describe methodological problems with their analyses and argue that there is no solid statistical support for their claims., (Copyright © 2019, American Association for the Advancement of Science.)
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Covariate and multinomial: Accounting for distance in movement in capture-recapture analyses.
- Author
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Guéry L, Rouan L, Descamps S, Bêty J, Fernández-Chacón A, Gilchrist G, and Pradel R
- Abstract
Many biological quantities cannot be measured directly but rather need to be estimated from models. Estimates from models are statistical objects with variance and, when derived simultaneously, covariance. It is well known that their variance-covariance (VC) matrix must be considered in subsequent analyses. Although it is always preferable to carry out the proposed analyses on the raw data themselves, a two-step approach cannot always be avoided. This situation arises when the parameters of a multinomial must be regressed against a covariate. The Delta method is an appropriate and frequently recommended way of deriving variance approximations of transformed and correlated variables. Implementing the Delta method is not trivial, and there is a lack of a detailed information on the procedure in the literature for complex situations such as those involved in constraining the parameters of a multinomial distribution. This paper proposes a how-to guide for calculating the correct VC matrices of dependant estimates involved in multinomial distributions and how to use them for testing the effects of covariates in post hoc analyses when the integration of these analyses directly into a model is not possible. For illustrative purpose, we focus on variables calculated in capture-recapture models, but the same procedure can be applied to all analyses dealing with correlated estimates with multinomial distribution and their variances and covariances.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Plasma mammalian leptin analogue predicts reproductive phenology, but not reproductive output in a capital-income breeding seaduck.
- Author
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Hennin HL, Legagneux P, Gilchrist HG, Bêty J, McMurtry JP, and Love OP
- Abstract
To invest in energetically demanding life history stages, individuals require a substantial amount of resources. Physiological traits, particularly those related to energetics, can be useful for examining variation in life history decisions and trade-offs because they result from individual responses to environmental variation. Leptin is a protein hormone found in mammals that is proportional to the amount of endogenous fat stores within an individual. Recently, researchers have confirmed that a mammalian leptin analogue (MLA), based on the mammalian sequence of leptin, is present with associated receptors and proteins in avian species, with an inhibitory effect on foraging and body mass gain at high circulating levels. While MLA has been both quantified and manipulated in avian species, little is currently known regarding whether plasma MLA in wild-living species and individuals is associated with key reproductive decisions. We quantified plasma MLA in wild, Arctic-nesting female common eiders ( Somateria mollissima ) at arrival on the breeding grounds and followed them to determine subsequent breeding propensity, and reproductive phenology, investment, and success. Common eiders are capital-income breeding birds that require the accumulation of substantial fat stores to initiate laying and successfully complete incubation. We found that females with lower plasma MLA initiated breeding earlier and in a shorter period of time. However, we found no links between plasma MLA levels and breeding propensity, clutch size, or reproductive success. Although little is still known about plasma MLA, based on these results and its role in influencing foraging behaviors and condition gain, plasma MLA appears to be closely linked to reproductive timing and is therefore likely to underlie trade-offs surrounding life history decisions.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Flower-visitor communities of an arcto-alpine plant-Global patterns in species richness, phylogenetic diversity and ecological functioning.
- Author
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Tiusanen M, Huotari T, Hebert PDN, Andersson T, Asmus A, Bêty J, Davis E, Gale J, Hardwick B, Hik D, Körner C, Lanctot RB, Loonen MJJE, Partanen R, Reischke K, Saalfeld ST, Senez-Gagnon F, Smith PA, Šulavík J, Syvänperä I, Urbanowicz C, Williams S, Woodard P, Zaika Y, and Roslin T
- Subjects
- Animals, Arctic Regions, Arthropods genetics, DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic, Flowers genetics, Flowers growth & development, Models, Biological, Phylogeny, Reproduction, Rosaceae growth & development, Rosaceae physiology, Seeds genetics, Seeds growth & development, Arthropods physiology, Ecosystem, Pollination physiology, Rosaceae poisoning
- Abstract
Pollination is an ecosystem function of global importance. Yet, who visits the flower of specific plants, how the composition of these visitors varies in space and time and how such variation translates into pollination services are hard to establish. The use of DNA barcodes allows us to address ecological patterns involving thousands of taxa that are difficult to identify. To clarify the regional variation in the visitor community of a widespread flower resource, we compared the composition of the arthropod community visiting species in the genus Dryas (mountain avens, family Rosaceae), throughout Arctic and high-alpine areas. At each of 15 sites, we sampled Dryas visitors with 100 sticky flower mimics and identified specimens to Barcode Index Numbers (BINs) using a partial sequence of the mitochondrial COI gene. As a measure of ecosystem functioning, we quantified variation in the seed set of Dryas. To test for an association between phylogenetic and functional diversity, we characterized the structure of local visitor communities with both taxonomic and phylogenetic descriptors. In total, we detected 1,360 different BINs, dominated by Diptera and Hymenoptera. The richness of visitors at each site appeared to be driven by local temperature and precipitation. Phylogeographic structure seemed reflective of geological history and mirrored trans-Arctic patterns detected in plants. Seed set success varied widely among sites, with little variation attributable to pollinator species richness. This pattern suggests idiosyncratic associations, with function dominated by few and potentially different taxa at each site. Taken together, our findings illustrate the role of post-glacial history in the assembly of flower-visitor communities in the Arctic and offer insights for understanding how diversity translates into ecosystem functioning., (© 2018 The Authors. Molecular Ecology Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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