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The paper “The protection of competition in Romania, in the 2015-2019 period" presents a few aspects related to the duration of the investigations related to the potential violation of the competition laws in the analysed period, the entities penalised by the Competition Council and the investigations on progress at the end of the year during this period. In the period between 2015 and 2019, the Competition Council monitored the smooth operation of the competition in the market, and therefore, it opened and finalized investigations on an annual basis, but it also gave fines to companies that were found to have carried out activities likely to affect the competitive environment

The paper “Foreign direct investments in Romania by countries of origin, the 2011-2018 period” aims to study the distribution of the balance of foreign direct investments according to the countries of origin of the capital. It highlights an unequal distribution between countries and a concentration in some countries in the European Union area, the causes being related to traditions, neighbourhood and economic complementarities.

The paper “Considerations Related to the Analysis of the Human Development Index at Global Level” presents the ranking of the human development index in 2015, according to various criteria: very high human development, high human development, medium human development, and low human development. The first 10 countries from each category are taken into account. The human development index is considered a basic composite index, which, together with its elements, contributes to the assessment of human development, its evolution and the hierarchy of the countries, and therefore this indicator has currently become the symbol of human development. The value of the human development index for each country is determined by means of the following indicators: the average lifespan, the access to education and the living standard at global level. These indicators have equal shares and help characterise the general development standard of a nation

The paper „Analysis of consumption expenditure in Romania, period 2009-2015” is highlighting a very important phenomenon for the Romanian economy, consumption. The financial and economic crisis determined a change in the income repartition for the basic products and services. The most influent stimulus at which the Romanian consumers are deciding a product acquisition is the price, therefore they were migrating to product segments with low prices, the quality of life being on a decreasing trend. The level of alimentary products consumption depends in a big extent on the macroeconomic policies, that through numerous leverages is influencing the population consumption behavior. From these leverages we may document the income policy, loan policy, monetary and exchange rate policies, social assistance policy, etc.

The paper “The impact of the economic crisis on population’s consumption in Romania, in the 2009-2013 period” analyses an important phenomenon for Romania’s economy, consumption. The economic and financial crisis determined a change in the income distribution towards the products and services necessary for everyday life. The most influential stimulus at which consumers decide to buy a product is price, and they migrate towards product segments with low prices, while the quality of life is on a downtrend. Consequently, the objective of this paper is to analyse the factors that influence Romanian consumers’ behaviour in the context of the economic crisis in the 2009- 2013 period. The level of food consumption largely depends on the macroeconomic policies, which through the numerous levers influence the population’s consumption behaviour. Out of these levers, we are mentioning the income policy, the credit policy, the monetary policy, the currency policy, the welfare policies, etc. In addition to the economic aspects, population’s consumption also depends on other factors, variables, such as, for example: social variables (degree of urbanization, endowment with infrastructure of the rural area, access to information, access to medical assistance and medical services, etc.), demographic variables (level of education, employment rate of the population, degree of population ageing, migration flows, etc.), and other variables (geographic location, religion, dietary habits, individual preferences).

The Paper “Analysis of the evolution of the competitive environment in the Romanian banking sector, the 2010- 2014 period” takes into account the fact that in the analysed period, the number of the active credit institutions in the Romanian market remained relatively constant. Thus, at the end of the first semester of 2014, the Romanian banking system comprised 40 credit institutions, out of which nine are branches of foreign banks, while after 2010 42 banks operated in the market (out of which nine were branches of foreign banks). The main factors that determine the dynamics of the number of competitors in the banking sector are: relatively high barriers to the entry on the market; high barriers to the exit from the market; the macroeconomic environment, more particularly, the uncertainties related to the main indicators and on the public policies with impact on the business environment. The comparative analysis of the evolution of interests with the situation of the bank charges for banking services covering the highest number of clients, indicates a market power clearly higher of the banks in relation to the clients holding debit cards and a relatively low competition level generated by the even level of the charges. An important cause of this situation consists of high barriers for consumers in relation to changing the supplier banking service (switching costs) (especially debit cards). Under such circumstances, the initiatives aimed at increasing the pro-competitive nature of the regulations, especially by eliminating the barriers to changing the supplier (such as the bank account portability), are particularly important from the perspective of the national competition authority

In the paper “Essentialities concerning the healthcare service market in Romania” we analyzed the healthcare service market in Romania. The concept of public health is set as a ratio between the health status of the population and its determinants, such as: socio-economic, biological factors, environmental and lifestyle factors, the degree of insurance with health services. In Romania, healthcare is divided into several levels, each with its specific importance, the patient's right to healthcare services being guaranteed. This healthcare service market is a vast one, and comprises everything related to the medical system, from offices, doctors, patient reception institutions, to the most complex information and reports that ensure a good record in this highly important field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the paper “Considerations on the Romanian competitive environment in the 2017-2020 period” we presented essential aspects of the activity carried out by the Competition Council in the analyzed period. In the 2017-2020 period, the Competition Council monitored the good unfolding of the competition in the market, thus opening and completing investigations annually, but also fining companies where it discovered activities likely to affect the competitive environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper "Considerations concerning foreign direct investments in Romania, period 2011-2019" aims at studying which the main types of foreign direct investments were, differentiated according to the contribution of the flow of foreign equity investments in foreign direct investment companies: greenfield, mergers and acquisitions, company development, company restructurings, in the analysed period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper "Essentialities concerning the Environmental Policy in the European Union, 2008-2017 period" presents aspects related to the total environmental expenses for each country in the European Union, the total CO2 emissions for the fossil fuel consumption and industrial processes, the consumption of chemical substances in the European Union depending on the hazard. In many countries, a strong development of the thermal energy sector from renewable resources was a decisive key in achieving and exceeding these intermediate objectives of the member countries. This is the case, for example, in Bulgaria, Finland and Sweden, where the development was determined mainly by the types of low cost biomass. In Estonia, Italy and Portugal, the electricity sector contributed the most to exceeding the general objectives provided for these countries in their national; action plans in the field of energy from renewable sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper "Essentialities concerning the competition policy in the European Union, the 2012-2016 period" presents the decisions adopted at European Union level in relation to the breech of the competition rules by the Member States. In the first part of the paper, I drew a parallel between the state aids granted at EU level for the banking system, deeply affected by the economic crisis, and the aids granted for supporting other sectors. Afterwards, I made a brief presentation of the main anti-competitive and of the decisions related to them in the analysed period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper “Analysis of Human Development in Romania, 2008-2015 period" aims at carrying out an analysis of human development in Romania in the analysed period. In the first part of the research, we presented a few theoretical notions related to human development, and subsequently, in the second part, we carried out an analysis of the main human development indicators in the analysed period. The most important indicators of human capital are the school enrolment ratio, the average number of schooling years, the literacy rate, and also the ratios of the active population graduating from various types of schooling. Out of these indicators, the schooling years represent the most frequently used variable in determining the human capital stock. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper "Comparative analysis of social protection in Greece and Romania, period 2007-2015" has as main goal to analyze the main actions undertaken by the society in social protection for preventing, diminishing or removing consequences of certain events, considered as "social risks" on the population standard of leaving in the two analyzed countries for the 2007-2015 period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper aims to analyze the competitive economic environment in the European Union in the period 2010-2015. In the first part of the research we have presented a few theoretical aspects relating to competition and then we analyzed the main investigations triggered by the European Commission in the field of competition for the period under review. Commission policies in matters of antitrust and mergers and application with their bigger efficacy had brought into the spotlight the welfare of consumers, in particular through a thorough economic analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper „Essentialities of Energy Market Liberalization in Romania" presents the main aspects concerning the energy market liberalization and the electricity consumption recorded at national level. The electricity consumption has a great importance in analyzing the production and retail energy market, as this is showing the demand-offer equilibrium for the entire electro-energy system. Market liberalization became mandatory in Romania, with the adhesion to European Union. Energy price liberalization in our country was a difficult process. Leaders of EU imposed on Government a pricing liberalization calendar with the mention that not respecting it, the country is obliged to pay substantial penalties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper "Main results in Romanian antitrust domain, Period 2010-2014" presents the most important activities rolled by the Competition Council in our country regarding the analysis of market concentration, sectorial and study analysis or analyzing any possible break of the law. Starting from the main undergoing activities, the mission of Competition Authorities for the next years will be to apply efficient measures to maintain an adequate competition environment, taking into account an efficient and dynamic economy, grounded on recognizing and respecting the values and principles of competition, as a progress factor, durable development and well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper “Promoting Competition Rules in Romania, 2010-2014 Period” presents the activities carried out by the Competition Council in our country with the purpose of strengthening cooperation relationships with other institutions, as well as activities carried out with the purpose of enhancing the all stakeholders’ confidence in the benefits provided by competition, during the analysed period. The promotion of the competition culture is represented by activities performed by the competition authority by mechanisms that are not directly related to the effective application of the law, especially those related to strengthening cooperation relationships with other institutions and those performed with the purpose of enhancing all stakeholders’ confidence in the benefits provided by competition (ministries and state institutions, economic agents, magistrates, business associations and trade unions, non-governmental organizations, consumers, etc.). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper aims at analysing the political component of the country risk for Romania. In the first part of the research I presented a few theoretical aspects of the country risk, and I subsequently presented the situation of the political component of the country risk for Romania in the worldwide and European context according to the Marsh Political Risk Map Report for the 2013-2015 period. In relation n to the macroeconomic analysis of the country, in 2015, the European Commission conducted, for the first time, a thorough analysis of Romania's situation, following which this country was ranked second in terms of macroeconomic imbalances. According to this category, Romania is a country with macroeconomic imbalances which require monitoring and political actions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]