105 results on '"B, Dinesh Kumar"'
Search Results
2. A Low-Power Quadrature LC-Oscillator Using Core-and-Coupling Current-Reuse.
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B. Dinesh Kumar 0001, Hitesh Shrimali, and Nagarjuna Nallam
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- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Design of hybrid flash-SAR ADC using an inverter based comparator in 28 nm CMOS
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B, Dinesh Kumar, Pandey, Sumit K., Gupta, Navneet, and Shrimali, Hitesh
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- 2020
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- View/download PDF
4. A 6-Bit, 29.56 fJ/Conv-Step, Voltage Scalable Flash-SAR Hybrid ADC in 28 nm CMOS.
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B. Dinesh Kumar 0001, Hitesh Shrimali, and Navneet Gupta
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Analysis of Timing Error Due to Supply and Substrate Noise in an Inverter Based High-Speed Comparator.
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Vijender Kumar Sharma, B. Dinesh Kumar 0001, Muhammed Suhail Illikkal, Jai Narayan Tripathi, Navneet Gupta, and Hitesh Shrimali
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- 2019
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6. An Ultra-Fast Parallel Prefix Adder.
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Kumar Sambhav Pandey, B. Dinesh Kumar 0001, Neeraj Goel, and Hitesh Shrimali
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- 2019
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- View/download PDF
7. Evaluation of immunomodulatory and antioxidant properties of traditional Kwath, conventional extracts of plants Cocculus hirsutus and Cuscuta reflexa – in vitro & ex vivo studies
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Anita Singh, Vandana Singh, R. Ananthan, and B. Dinesh Kumar
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Immunomodulation ,Ethnic food ,Unexplored medicinal plants ,Th1/Th2 cytokines ,Nutraceuticals ,Miscellaneous systems and treatments ,RZ409.7-999 - Abstract
Introduction: The consumption of ‘Patalagarudi’ (Cocculus hirsutus ‘CHP’) and ‘Amarbel’ (Cuscuta reflexa ‘CRA’) as ethnic plants for health promotions rarely validated. The limited literature reported these plants as antioxidant and immunomodulators. Objective: To evaluate the biodynamic properties of CHP and CRA extracts. Methodology: The traditional formulation, ‘Kwath’ (K) and conventional extracts were prepared with CRA and CHP. The total phenolic content (TPC) was estimated. Various polyphenol compounds in the extracts were eluted on UHPLC. The biodynamic activities; i. Free radical scavenging (FRS-DPPH and ABTS), ii. Intracellular ROS scavenging activity in RAW 264.7 cell line iii. Spleenocytes proliferation assay for Th1/Th2 Immunomodulatory potential by flow-cytometer were assessed. Results: The TPC in CRA (105–159 μg GAE/mg) and CHP (35–48 μg GAE/mg) recorded. The chromatographic peaks confirmed the presence of polyphenols in CRA and CHP extracts. UV spectra of the extracts to the extent possible have been correlated with certain polyphenols. The FRS (IC50) was significantly low in CRA-K (DPPH = 22.7; ABTS = 12.0 μg/ml) than CHP-K (DPPH = 70.4; ABTS = 50.2 μg/ml). Similarly, intracellular ROS scavenging activity with CRA-K (84%) showed the highest inhibitory potential compared to CHP-K (50%) and LPS control. The immunomodulatory activity of CRA-K significantly upregulated TH1 cytokines (TNFα and IFN-γ). The downregulation of Th2 cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10) was in all CRA and CHP extracts as compared to Con A. Conclusion: The current study confirms the immunomodulatory and antioxidant properties of CRA and CHP along with the presence of polyphenols.
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- 2022
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8. Early Detection and Support for Learning Disabilities: A Machine Learning Approach Empowering Educators
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Santhiya, S., primary, Priyanka, S., additional, Keerthika, S., additional, K, Monisha, additional, M, Mohamed Rizwan, additional, and B, Dinesh Kumar, additional
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- 2023
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- View/download PDF
9. Toxicological data of rats and rabbits: Sub-chronic testing of recombinant HPV vaccine through oral and intranasal routes
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Y. Srinivasa Reddy, K. Narendra Babu, P. Uday Kumar, S.S.Y.H. Qadri, M.V. Surekha, and B. Dinesh Kumar
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Attenuated Salmonella typhi ,Recombinant HPV vaccine ,HPV 16 & 18 L1 proteins ,Sub chronic toxicity testing ,Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics ,R858-859.7 ,Science (General) ,Q1-390 - Abstract
Current article illustrates the data of body weight, biochemical, haematological profile, and organ weights of rats and rabbits administered with recombinant human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccine, along with genotoxicity effect. The data was collected from nonclinical safety/toxicity and immune response evaluations of recombinant Salmonella typhi expressing the HPV 16 and 18 L1 proteins as vaccine. The intended clinical route of vaccine administration is through oral route, whereas it is established fact that attenuated S. typhi could not colonize in laboratory animals. In view of this it is challenging to undertake the nonclinical safety/toxicity evaluations following the regulatory guidelines. Hence sub chronic safety/toxicity testing was carried out in rat and rabbits by administration of HPV vaccine through oral (intended clinical route) and innovative intranasal routes.The prophylactic dose derived from adult human clinical dose (2 × 109CFU/70 kg) was administered to SD rats (PD: 0.18 × 109CFU/kg) and New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits (PD: 0.09 × 109CFU/kg) through oral and intranasal routes. Similarly, average dose (AD:5xPD) was administered to rats (AD:0.9 × 109CFU/kg) and rabbits (AD: 0.45 × 109CFU/kg) through intranasal route only. The repeated doses were administered on 3rd and 5th days of post-exposure of 1st dose through specified routes and test compound effects in relation with time of exposure was assessed by euthanizing animals and data collection at different time points i.e. 15th (25% of animals), 29th (25% of animals) and 93rd days (50% of animals) of post-exposure of 1st dose. The retro-orbital plexus blood was collected before euthanizing animals to unveil the biochemical and haematological profile. The data on genotoxicity effect of test compound, if any, was obtained by assessing the bone-marrow micronucleus assay. The immune response and allergenicity in terms of specific IgG and IgE levels against HPV 16 and 18 L1 proteins were determined in mice. The raw data of various parameters collected at different time points were compiled and computed according to the groups. The haematological profile and organ weights data can be used as reference data for SD rats and NZW rabbits for future studies.
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- 2021
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10. Phytomedicinal properties of Cynodon dactylon (L.) pers. (durva) in its traditional preparation and extracts
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Vandana Singh, Anita Singh, Inder Pal Singh, and B. Dinesh Kumar
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Phytomedicine ,Chemical markers ,Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. ,Immunomodulation ,Cytokines ,Quality medicinal plant ,Other systems of medicine ,RZ201-999 - Abstract
Background: Pharmacotherapy with Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. (CdL) (Sanskrit name durva) has been described in Ayurvedic text. The traditional preparation of Cynodon dactylon, called swaras (juice), has rarely been evaluated for its phytochemical quality and phytomedicinal activities. Purpose: In this study, we aimed to perform the characterisation of phytochemicals, quantification of chemical markers, and evaluation of in vitro and ex vivo biological activity of CdL juice (durva swaras). Methods: The cultivated CdL (durva) was authenticated by a botanist, and macro–microscopic examination was performed before bio-deposition. Fresh green juice (S) of CdL was prepared and further lyophilised (JL); additionally, water (W), hydroalcoholic (HA), and alcoholic (A) extracts were prepared. The phytochemical constituents in all extracts were qualitatively analysed using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. The chemical markers in JL were identified and quantified using high performance liquid chromatography. To optimise biological activity, the age of the plant was evaluated as a factor influencing the antioxidant activity of S using an in vitro DPPH assay. In addition, an ex vivo proliferation assay of mouse splenocytes was performed after treatment with the extracts, and the effects of the extracts on immunomodulation and inflammatory cytokines were assessed. Results: The specific morphological characteristics of CdL, namely narrowly linear leaves with light-green stem, along with its macro–microscopic features were confirmed, and the plant specimen was bio-deposited. The phytoconstituents (range: 62–72 compounds) in all extracts were qualitatively confirmed. The chemical markers p-coumaric acid (0.48%) and trans-ferulic acid (0.35%) in JL were quantified. Plants aged 6 months and above showed the most potent activity. The free radical-scavenging activity of the extracts ranged from 60% to 75%; the IC50 of the extracts (range: approximately 450–650 μg/mL) was higher than that of vitamin C (2.8 μg/mL). The effective concentration for proliferation of splenocytes treated with JL and W (0.45–62.5 μg/mL) varied widely compared with that of splenocytes treated with A and HA (0.45–1.95 μg/mL). Significant reductions in the levels of pro-inflammatory (IFN-γ and TNF-α) and anti-inflammatory (IL-4) cytokines were observed after JL treatment compared with those after concanavalin A treatment. Conclusions: Our findings are of biological significance because we quantitatively confirmed the chemical markers in CdL. Moreover, the antioxidant and immunomodulatory activities of JL as well as its ability to reduce inflammatory cytokines were determined.
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- 2021
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11. An innovative method of nonclinical efficacy and toxicological evaluation of recombinant Salmonella typhi Ty21a expressing HPV16 and 18 L1 proteins
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Yathapu Srinivasa Reddy, K. Narendra Babu, S.S.Y.H. Qadri, M.V. Surekha, and B. Dinesh Kumar
- Subjects
Innovative toxicological evaluation ,Recombinant Salmonella typhi Ty21a vector, HPV 16 and 18 L1 proteins ,Science - Abstract
Advancement in technology led to development of live attenuated Salmonella typhi Ty21a as enteric vector for expression of foreign proteins. Such vector platform is inevitable for development of vaccine candidate against human papilloma virus (HPV), the etiological agent of cervical cancer with high prevalence in developing nations. The high risk HPVs like type 16 and 18 contributes to 70% of cervical cancer, hence Indian Immunologicals Limited (IIL), Hyderabad, India developed a recombinant HPV vaccine by introducing HPV 16 and 18 L1 protein coding genes into attenuated S. typhi Ty21a vector. Being a genetically engineered enteric vector vaccine, it would be less expensive, with an ease of oral administration, instead of injectable that needs trained personale, is an added advantage for low socioeconomic setup compared to existing HPV vaccines.Establishing the nonclinical efficacy and safety/toxicity as per the national/international regulatory guidelines has become major constrain for such recombinant S. typhi HPV (rSt.HPV) vaccine. Since, the intended clinical mode of rSt.HPV is through oral route, whereas the live attenuated S. typhi Ty21a doesn't colonize in gut of laboratory animals to be used for nonclinical experiments. Hence, an alternate and unconventional method of ‘intranasal drug testing’, was followed for nonclinical efficacy and toxicity evaluations. An array of parameters specified by regulatory agencies were investigated in mice, rat and rabbits administered with rSt.HPV through, intra-peritoneal, intranasal and oral routes, the intended clinical route. • Current unconventional and innovative nonclinical testing procedures helps in exploring the alternate methods by pharmacologist/toxicologist. • Ultimately, such new drugs developed through technology must serve the humankind justifying the guidelines of regulatory agencies.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. A self-bandwidth switching & area-efficient PLL using multiplexer-controlled frequency selector.
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B. Dinesh Kumar 0001, Sumit Pandey, Puneet Arora, and Rahul Shrestha
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- 2017
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13. Brief communication on allele frequency of CYP3A4*22 in Indian population
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A. Kiranmayee, Sunder R Shyam, Krishna N Bala, and B. Dinesh Kumar
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General Nursing ,Education - Abstract
Cytochrome p450 3A4 polymorphism at CYP3A4*22 has become clinically significant due to its role in metabolizing various drugs. Therefore, in this study we established the frequency of CYP3A4*22 variant in Indian population. The allele frequency distribution was determined in 350 healthy subjects of Indian origin by Real time polymerase chain reaction method. We found that 97% of subjects has AA variant and 3% subjects has AG variant of CYP3A4*22. We did not find any homozygous minor allele AA variant. However, studies conducted in other population also did not show any homologous minor allele with exception to Belgium. The p-value of Hardy Weinberg equilibrium is observed as 0.9, which was calculated using the chi-square model. This study shows significant difference in the distribution of allelic variants of CYP3A4*22 among various ethnicities. Therefore, the study results may provide an insight in genotype distribution of the CYP3A4*22 in Indian population for further studies.
- Published
- 2022
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14. Hesperidin, a citrus flavonoid, protects against l-methionine-induced hyperhomocysteinemia by abrogation of oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction and neurotoxicity in Wistar rats
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B. Hemanth Kumar, B. Dinesh Kumar, and Prakash V. Diwan
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acetylcholinesterase ,morris water maze ,video tracking system ,l-name ,thoracic aorta ,hippocampus ,donepezil ,Therapeutics. Pharmacology ,RM1-950 - Abstract
Context: Hesperidin (HSP), a flavanoglycone found in citrus fruits, has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties. Objective: This study evaluates the protective effect of HSP on l-methionine-induced hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) in rats. Materials and methods: Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into seven groups as DMSO, l-methionine, HSP (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg), HSP-per se (100 mg/kg) and donepezil (0.1 mg/kg). HHcy was induced by oral administration of l-methionine (1.7 g/kg) for 32 days. From the 14th day of study HSP (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg) and donepezil was administered orally to l-methionine-treated rats. Cognitive impairment induced by HHcy was determined using the Morris water maze (MWM) and Y-maze on video tracking system (28th–32nd day). Different biomarkers of HHcy in serum and brain and vascular reactivity were evaluated and histopathology (thoracic aorta and brain) was done. Results: HSP (100 mg/kg) treatment in l-methionine-treated rats exhibited significant (p
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- 2017
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15. Implementation of 12 bit R-2R DAC using cadence(90nm)
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K. Saravanan, S. Tamilmani, S. Deepak Surendar, and B. Dinesh Kumar
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General Nursing ,Education - Abstract
An R-2R DAC utilizes less special esteem which is in contrast with to the binary weighed- input DAC. Continuous sampling and measuring of an analog signal occurs over time. This project depends on R-2R Ladder for investing Low power utilization, no dynamic chip and Low DNL. The DAC is executed in a virtuoso device on 90 Nanometer CMOS Technology. The two stages in our projects seems to be Operational Amplifier and R-2R Ladder Digital to analog converters enable transmission of analog signals over digital signal processing chips [1].Two stages are involved in the OP-Amp, the first one being a differential amplifier. We use this Differential Amplifier to obtain high gain and second stage namely Common Source Amplifier. It increases Gain that leaded from the first stage and increases it Output swing. In our project,R-2R DAC is implemented using CADENCE 90nm tool.
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- 2022
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16. Geranium oil ameliorates endothelial dysfunction in high fat high sucrose diet induced metabolic complications in rats
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Rahul P. Kshirsagar, Manikanta V. Kothamasu, Madhoosudan A. Patil, G. Bhanuprakash Reddy, B. Dinesh Kumar, and Prakash V. Diwan
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Geranium oil ,High fat high sucrose diet ,Endothelial dysfunction ,Insulin resistance ,Dyslipidemia ,Oxidative stress ,Nutrition. Foods and food supply ,TX341-641 - Abstract
The protective effect of geranium oil (GO) on insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, endothelial dysfunction and associated cardiovascular changes in rats fed with high fat sucrose (HFS) diet was evaluated. HFS diet (20% fat and 30% sucrose) was fed to wistar rats for 12 weeks to induce metabolic complications and treated with different doses of GO (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg p.o.) for the last 6 weeks. Prolonged administration of HFS diet led to metabolic syndrome characterized by significant increase in plasma glucose, insulin, insulin resistance, triacylglycerol (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein (LDL) along with decreased high density lipoprotein (HDL), serum nitric oxide (NO) levels and impaired glucose tolerance. Furthermore HFS diet resulted in significant increase in mean arterial pressure, electrocardiographic changes and reduced acetylcholine induced endothelial dependent relaxation of rat aorta along with elevated oxidative stress (reduced superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione S transferase and increased TBARS level). Treatment with GO positively modulated the altered parameters in dose dependent manner suggesting overall beneficial effects of GO on HFS diet associated detrimental changes.
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- 2015
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17. An innovative method of nonclinical efficacy and toxicological evaluation of recombinant
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Yathapu, Srinivasa Reddy, K, Narendra Babu, S S Y H, Qadri, M V, Surekha, and B, Dinesh Kumar
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Recombinant Salmonella typhi Ty21a vector, HPV 16 and 18 L1 proteins ,Method Article ,Innovative toxicological evaluation - Abstract
Advancement in technology led to development of live attenuated Salmonella typhi Ty21a as enteric vector for expression of foreign proteins. Such vector platform is inevitable for development of vaccine candidate against human papilloma virus (HPV), the etiological agent of cervical cancer with high prevalence in developing nations. The high risk HPVs like type 16 and 18 contributes to 70% of cervical cancer, hence Indian Immunologicals Limited (IIL), Hyderabad, India developed a recombinant HPV vaccine by introducing HPV 16 and 18 L1 protein coding genes into attenuated S. typhi Ty21a vector. Being a genetically engineered enteric vector vaccine, it would be less expensive, with an ease of oral administration, instead of injectable that needs trained personale, is an added advantage for low socioeconomic setup compared to existing HPV vaccines. Establishing the nonclinical efficacy and safety/toxicity as per the national/international regulatory guidelines has become major constrain for such recombinant S. typhi HPV (rSt.HPV) vaccine. Since, the intended clinical mode of rSt.HPV is through oral route, whereas the live attenuated S. typhi Ty21a doesn't colonize in gut of laboratory animals to be used for nonclinical experiments. Hence, an alternate and unconventional method of ‘intranasal drug testing’, was followed for nonclinical efficacy and toxicity evaluations. An array of parameters specified by regulatory agencies were investigated in mice, rat and rabbits administered with rSt.HPV through, intra-peritoneal, intranasal and oral routes, the intended clinical route.•Current unconventional and innovative nonclinical testing procedures helps in exploring the alternate methods by pharmacologist/toxicologist.•Ultimately, such new drugs developed through technology must serve the humankind justifying the guidelines of regulatory agencies., Graphical abstract Image, graphical abstract
- Published
- 2020
18. IP Based Surveillance Robot Using IOT
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B. Dinesh Kumar, M. Sunitha, V. S. N. Lokesh, and P. V. S. S. Datta Vinay
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business.industry ,Computer science ,Computer security ,computer.software_genre ,Asset (computer security) ,Microcontroller ,Buzzer ,Web page ,Node (computer science) ,Key (cryptography) ,Robot ,The Internet ,business ,computer - Abstract
The term “Surveillance” has elevated like a most needy thing in recent world. A number of articles regarding increasing crime rate has being notable daily, but are not able to trace out due to lack of evidences.. In such a situation, one has to be with utmost care and secured with oneself, which can be provided by Surveillance. Surveillance is nothing but monitoring from a distance by means of gadgets made by electronics, such as even robots. IOT (internet of things) platform connects these gadgets so that clients can perform operations with gadgets residing anywhere on Earth. This intelligent security robot using IOT will kept at key points of home to check about the presence of any intruder. The camera fixed with robot gives the picture of intruder in a ‘live-stream’ method. The Node MCU attached GSM module notifies about the presence of intruder as soon as PIR sensor attached to robot detects a human and the buzzer at the user end starts sound thereby alerting him against the intruder. All these are controlled, monitored and supervised under Raspberry pi board. With the given webpage that linked to an IP address, one can operate this robot via mobile connected with Internet, which is a key asset.
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- 2020
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19. Nonclinical safety evaluation of oral recombinant anti-human papilloma virus vaccine (RHPV 1618): Regulatory toxicology studies in mice, rats and rabbits - An innovative approach
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P. Uday Kumar, Rajkumar Hemalatha, K. Narendra Babu, B. Dinesh Kumar, M.V. Surekha, S.S.Y.H. Qadri, Nemani Harishankar, and Y. Srinivasa Reddy
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Dose ,Adolescent ,Ty21a ,030231 tropical medicine ,Human Papilloma Virus Vaccine ,Physiology ,Immunotoxicology ,03 medical and health sciences ,Mice ,0302 clinical medicine ,Oral administration ,Animals ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Papillomavirus Vaccines ,Human papillomavirus 16 ,General Veterinary ,General Immunology and Microbiology ,Papillomavirus Infections ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Salmonella typhi ,Acute toxicity ,Rats ,Infectious Diseases ,Toxicity ,Molecular Medicine ,Nasal administration ,Capsid Proteins ,Female ,Rabbits - Abstract
AIM The human papilloma virus (HPV) type 16 and 18 causes nearly 70% of uterine cervical cancers. Oral administration of live Salmonella typhi Ty21a, expressing major capsid proteins (L1) of HPV 16 and 18 is a potential choice for immunization in adolescent girls under low resource settings. Present study aimed to assess the nonclinical safety of recombinant S. typhi expressing HPV 16 and 18 (rStHPV) proteins. METHODOLOGY The acute toxicity of rStHPV was tested by intranasal single dose administration, of 10 and 50 folds higher than clinical prophylactic dose, in mice and rat followed by monitoring their survival for 14 days. Sub-chronic toxicity was evaluated in rats and rabbits with prophylactic and 5 times (average) to clinical prophylactic dosages on scheduled days (1st, 3rd & 5th day) through oral and intranasal routes. The immune/allergic response of rStHPV was assessed in mice through intranasal and intra-peritoneal routes. Experimental animals were daily monitored for live phase, and clinical chemistry, haematology, immunotoxicology, immunogenic response and histopathological examination of vital organs on 15th, 29th and 93rd days. RESULTS No abnormal changes were noticed in live phase activity, clinical chemistry and haematology profile. The gross necropsy, organ weights and histopathology were found to be normal. No immunotoxicity was recorded as evaluated by tier I tests. Allergic immune response, as evaluated with IgE levels was also negative irrespective of test routes. On the other hand, a significant (P
- Published
- 2020
20. ANTI-INFLAMMATORY PROPERTIES OF UNEXPLORED PLANTS – CUSCUTA REFLEXA AND COCCULUS HIRSUTUS – AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY
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SINGH, ANITA, primary, SINGH, VANDANA, additional, and B, DINESH KUMAR, additional
- Published
- 2021
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21. A Low-Power Quadrature LC-Oscillator Using Core-and-Coupling Current-Reuse
- Author
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B., Dinesh Kumar, primary, Shrimali, Hitesh, additional, and Nallam, Nagarjuna, additional
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. A 6-Bit, 29.56 fJ/Conv-Step, Voltage Scalable Flash-SAR Hybrid ADC in 28 nm CMOS
- Author
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Hitesh Shrimali, Navneet Gupta, and B. Dinesh Kumar
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Physics ,Comparator ,Settling time ,020208 electrical & electronic engineering ,Hardware_PERFORMANCEANDRELIABILITY ,02 engineering and technology ,Capacitance ,020202 computer hardware & architecture ,law.invention ,Capacitor ,Flash (photography) ,CMOS ,law ,Hardware_INTEGRATEDCIRCUITS ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Electronic engineering ,Inverter ,Hardware_ARITHMETICANDLOGICSTRUCTURES ,Voltage - Abstract
This paper presents the design of a 6-bit scalable hybrid flash SAR (successive approximation register) analog-to-digital converter (ADC). The ADC has a scalable architecture because of the usage of an inverter based comparator. The conversion time is reduced by adopting a 3-bit/cycle approach. A segmented split-capacitor charge redistribution digital-to-analog converter (CDAC) is used to reduce the DAC settling time and the design area. The ADC is implemented in a 28 nm CMOS technology with the scalable V DD from 0.5 V to 1 V. The ADC operates from 10 MHz to 1.1 GHz for a V DD of 0.5 V to 1 V respectively. The design shows 47.7 fJ/conv-step and 29.56 fJ/conv-step for V DD of 0.9 V and 0.6 V respectively.
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- 2019
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23. Nitrogen doped nanocrystalline semiconductor metal oxide: An efficient UV active photocatalyst for the oxidation of an organic dye using slurry Photoreactor
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B. Dinesh Kumar, Saranya Ramachandran, and Arumugam Sivasamy
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Materials science ,Nitrogen ,Ultraviolet Rays ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Inorganic chemistry ,Oxide ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Portable water purification ,02 engineering and technology ,Wastewater ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,Catalysis ,Water Purification ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Quantum Dots ,Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared ,Industry ,Coloring Agents ,Effluent ,Photolysis ,Doping ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Water ,General Medicine ,Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Pollution ,0104 chemical sciences ,Kinetics ,Semiconductors ,chemistry ,Metals ,Photocatalysis ,0210 nano-technology ,Azo Compounds ,Oxidation-Reduction ,Water Pollutants, Chemical - Abstract
Water pollution is a cause for serious concern in today's world. A major contributor to water pollution is industrial effluents containing dyes and other organic molecules. Waste water treatment has become a priority area in today's applied scientific research as it seeks to minimize the toxicity of the effluents being discharged and increase the possibility of water recycling. An efficient and eco-friendly way of degrading toxic molecules is to use nano metal-oxide photocatalysts. The present study aims at enhancing the photocatalytic activity of a semiconductor metal oxide by doping it with nitrogen. A sol-gel cum combustion method was employed to synthesize the catalyst. The prepared catalyst was characterized by FT-IR, XRD, UV-DRS, FESEM and AFM techniques. UV-DRS result showed the catalyst to possess band gap energy of 2.97eV, thus making it active in the UV region of the spectrum. Its photocatalytic activity was evaluated by the degradation of a model pollutant-Orange G dye, under UV light irradiation. Preliminary experiments were carried out to study the effects of pH, catalyst dosage and initial dye concentration on the extent of dye degradation. Kinetic studies revealed that the reaction followed pseudo first order kinetics. The effect of electrolytes on catalyst efficiency was also studied. The progress of the reaction was monitored by absorption studies and measuring the reduction in COD. The catalyst thus prepared was seen to have a high photocatalytic efficiency. The use of this catalyst is a promising means of waste water treatment.
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- 2016
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24. Vanillic Acid Ameliorates Cationic Bovine Serum Albumin Induced Immune Complex Glomerulonephritis in BALB/c Mice
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Madhoosudan A. Patil, Prakash V. Diwan, B. Dinesh Kumar, G. Tejaswini, and Rahul Motiram Kakalij
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0301 basic medicine ,Creatinine ,Proteinuria ,biology ,Chemistry ,030232 urology & nephrology ,Glomerulonephritis ,Pharmacology ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease ,BALB/c ,Nephrin ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,030104 developmental biology ,0302 clinical medicine ,Drug Discovery ,Immunology ,biology.protein ,medicine ,Podocin ,Bovine serum albumin ,medicine.symptom ,Blood urea nitrogen - Abstract
Preclinical Research Vanillic acid (VA) is a dihydroxybenzoic acid derivative widely used as a flavoring agent. It has chemopreventive effects on experimentally-induced carcinogenesis and in ulcerative colitis. The object of the present study was to investigate the effects of VA, alone and in combination with methylprednisolone (MP), on cationic bovine serum albumin (cBSA induced immune-complex glomerulonephritis in female BALB/c mice. Pre-immunization was carried out with cBSA in BALB/c mice and repeated (cBSA, 13 mg/kg, 3 times/week, i.v.) for 6 weeks to induce glomerulonephritis which was confirmed by the presence of severe proteinuria. The effect of VA (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg, p.o.) and its combination with MP (12.5 mg/kg, p.o.) was assessed in the nephrotic disease model. Treatment with VA decreased inflammatory nephrotic injury as evidenced by decreased proteinuria, serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, serum IgG1 and TNF-α levels. Co-administration of VA with MP showed an improvement in the immunohistochemistry of glomerular nephrin and podocin. The present results indicate that VA has a nephroprotective effect in the management of autoimmune nephritis. Drug Dev Res 77 : 171-179, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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- 2016
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25. A Study on Polymeric Fibre Reinforced Stabilized Mud Blocks
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K. Mahendran, N. Arunachelam, N. P. Vignesh, and B. Dinesh Kumar
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Materials science ,Composite material - Abstract
It is a known fact that mud blocks casted out of black cotton soil have poor damage resistance due to clayey, brittle and weak nature of the black cotton soil. In order to improve the strength of the cotton soil based mud blocks, additives such as polypropylene filament, polypropylene flakes and poly styrene fibres have been used in addition to a natural binder namely Terminalia chebula. By varying the percentage of the additives and as also soil, sand and lime various fibre reinforced blocks are made. The as-prepared reinforced mud blocks on analysis were found to possess a maximum strength of 13.75MPa when polypropylene was added as a additive. The study revealed that the addition of polymeric additives with the use of Terminalia chebula resulted in reinforcement of the stabilised mud blocks with enhanced strength and durability.
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- 2021
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26. Pharmacology Research in India during 2012-2017
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C Adithan, Y K Gupta and B Dinesh Kumar
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lcsh:Q ,lcsh:Science - Published
- 2018
27. An Ultra-Fast Parallel Prefix Adder
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Pandey, Kumar Sambhav, primary, B, Dinesh Kumar, additional, Goel, Neeraj, additional, and Shrimali, Hitesh, additional
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- 2019
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28. Geranium oil ameliorates endothelial dysfunction in high fat high sucrose diet induced metabolic complications in rats
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Prakash V. Diwan, B. Dinesh Kumar, G. Bhanuprakash Reddy, Manikanta V. Kothamasu, Rahul P. Kshirsagar, and Madhoosudan A. Patil
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Biology ,Impaired glucose tolerance ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,High-density lipoprotein ,Insulin resistance ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,TX341-641 ,Endothelial dysfunction ,Geranium oil ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,Nutrition. Foods and food supply ,Insulin ,medicine.disease ,High fat high sucrose diet ,Endocrinology ,chemistry ,Dyslipidemia ,Oxidative stress ,Low-density lipoprotein ,Metabolic syndrome ,Food Science - Abstract
The protective effect of geranium oil (GO) on insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, endothelial dysfunction and associated cardiovascular changes in rats fed with high fat sucrose (HFS) diet was evaluated. HFS diet (20% fat and 30% sucrose) was fed to wistar rats for 12 weeks to induce metabolic complications and treated with different doses of GO (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg p.o.) for the last 6 weeks. Prolonged administration of HFS diet led to metabolic syndrome characterized by significant increase in plasma glucose, insulin, insulin resistance, triacylglycerol (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein (LDL) along with decreased high density lipoprotein (HDL), serum nitric oxide (NO) levels and impaired glucose tolerance. Furthermore HFS diet resulted in significant increase in mean arterial pressure, electrocardiographic changes and reduced acetylcholine induced endothelial dependent relaxation of rat aorta along with elevated oxidative stress (reduced superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione S transferase and increased TBARS level). Treatment with GO positively modulated the altered parameters in dose dependent manner suggesting overall beneficial effects of GO on HFS diet associated detrimental changes.
- Published
- 2015
29. Pharmacology Research in India during Past 5 Years
- Author
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C Adithan, Yamini Gupta, and B Dinesh Kumar
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medicine.medical_specialty ,History ,Family medicine ,medicine ,General Physics and Astronomy ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology - Published
- 2018
- Full Text
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30. Antioxidant activity and functional properties of enzymatic protein hydrolysates from common carp (Cyprinus carpio) roe (egg)
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T. Jyothirmayi, B. Dinesh Kumar, Meram Chalamaiah, and Prakash V. Diwan
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Antioxidant ,ABTS ,biology ,DPPH ,medicine.medical_treatment ,biology.organism_classification ,Hydrolysate ,Cyprinus ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Common carp ,Biochemistry ,chemistry ,Enzymatic hydrolysis ,medicine ,Original Article ,Carp ,Food Science - Abstract
Previously, we have reported the composition, molecular mass distribution and in vivo immunomodulatory effects of common carp roe protein hydrolysates. In the current study, antioxidative activity and functional properties of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) roe (egg) protein hydrolysates, prepared by pepsin, trypsin and Alcalase, were evaluated. The three hydrolysates showed excellent antioxidant activities in a dose dependent manner in various in vitro models such as 2,2 diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6)-sulfonic acid (ABTS(+)) radical scavenging activity, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and ferrous ion (Fe(2+)) chelating ability. Enzymatic hydrolysis significantly increased protein solubility of the hydrolysates to above 62 % over a wide pH range (2-12). Carp roe hydrolysates exhibited good foaming and emulsification properties. The results suggest that bioactive carp roe protein hydrolysates (CRPHs) with good functional properties could be useful in health food/nutraceutical/pharmaceutical industry for various applications.
- Published
- 2015
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- View/download PDF
31. Collagen: Animal Sources and Biomedical Application
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Panayappan Lakshmanan, Krishna Kumar, Anish John, K. S. Silvipriya, B. Dinesh Kumar, and A R Bhat
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Geography ,business.industry ,Animal Sources ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Pharmacology (medical) ,General Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics ,business ,Time immemorial ,Biotechnology - Abstract
Collagen is the sole most profuse protein in the animal kingdom. It has been subjected to various studies from time immemorial. Its applications are numerous and have been extracted from various sources such as land animals (mainly bovine and porcine) and birds. Although collagen sources are abundant the outbreak of varied diseases among land animals posed a threat to its utilization in our daily life. Thus a probe for an alternative source began which in turn revealed the immense untapped marine source. The present article deals with a brief description of collagen its characteristics, chemistry, common extraction procedure, application in various fields and sources. A lot of studies have been carried out on various land animals, birds and marine organisms and this review sums up the work performed to date in a concise manner.
- Published
- 2015
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- View/download PDF
32. A self-bandwidth switching & area-efficient PLL using multiplexer-controlled frequency selector
- Author
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Puneet Arora, Rahul Shrestha, B. Dinesh Kumar, and S.K. Pandey
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Computer science ,Settling time ,Bandwidth (signal processing) ,Hardware_PERFORMANCEANDRELIABILITY ,Multiplexer ,Frequency-division multiplexing ,law.invention ,Phase-locked loop ,Capacitor ,Voltage-controlled oscillator ,law ,Phase noise ,Hardware_INTEGRATEDCIRCUITS ,Electronic engineering - Abstract
In this paper, we propose a new multiplexer-based frequency selector for designing area-efficient phase locked loop (PLL) for frequency synthesis. Such reduction in the design area has been achieved by replacing conventional capacitor array in voltage controlled oscillator of this PLL by multiplexor based frequency selector. Subsequently, it has been coupled with the current-reuse voltage-controlled oscillator to reduce overall phase noise of PLL to a considerable extent. Additionally, the proposed PLL circuitry is capable of self-bandwidth switching and it is suitable for applications requiring multiple frequency bands and fast settling time. Circuit implementation of this PLL performed at 130 nm-CMOS technology-node resulted in the design area of 0.037 mm2, power consumption of 360µW at 0.9 GHz and a settling time of 22 µS. In comparison with the state-of-the-art implementations, our design occupies 98% smaller area and consumes 50% lesser power.
- Published
- 2017
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33. Design of a 0.52 mW −141 dBc/Hz and 450 MHz frequency synthesizer using low power and low phase noise current reuse VCO
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Hitesh Shrimali and B. Dinesh Kumar
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Frequency synthesizer ,Materials science ,business.industry ,Electrical engineering ,dBc ,Hardware_PERFORMANCEANDRELIABILITY ,Phase-locked loop ,Frequency divider ,Voltage-controlled oscillator ,CMOS ,Phase noise ,Hardware_INTEGRATEDCIRCUITS ,business ,Phase frequency detector - Abstract
This paper presents the design of a frequency synthesizer using phase locked loop (PLL) in a standard 130 nm CMOS technology with the supply voltage of 1.2 V. The low power and the low phase noise based current reuse VCO (CRVCO) and the frequency divider have been used to design the frequency synthesizer. The designed CRVCO gives a low power and a low phase noise performance. The designed PLL consumes 0.52 mW of power with −141 dBc/Hz of phase noise at 10 MHz offset and FOM power of 1.33 mW/GHz. The PLL shows satisfactory performance for −40 °C to 125 °C with various process corners of transistors.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Lead and trace element levels in placenta, maternal and cord blood: A cross-sectional pilot study
- Author
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B. A. Ramalaksmi, B. Dinesh Kumar, Yathapu Srinivasa Reddy, and Aparna Y
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Pregnancy ,Cord ,Obstetrics ,business.industry ,Trace element ,Obstetrics and Gynecology ,medicine.disease ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Cord blood ,Placenta ,Cohort ,medicine ,business ,Lead (electronics) ,Inverse correlation - Abstract
Aim: To determine lead (Pb) and trace element (Fe, Zn, Cu, Mg) levels in placenta, maternal and cord blood; further, to assess the interactions between Pb and trace elements, if any. Methods: A cluster of ‘at term pregnant women’ from rural and urban areas (n = 30 each, total n = 60) as well as their neonates after delivery were recruited. Maternal blood, heel prick neonatal blood, placenta and cord blood were collected at the time of parturition. Pb and trace element levels in blood/serum, placenta were determined on graphite furnace atomic absorption (AAS) and flame AAS respectively. Due to sample constraints, only Pb levels were determined in heel prick blood samples of neonates. Results: There were no major abnormal signs and symptoms, however, 38% had pale conjunctiva and 13% had pigmented tongue. The blood lead levels (BLL) were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in urban post-partum women compared to their rural counterparts. Higher BLL did not correlate with either pregnancy outcome or neonatal anthropometry. Maternal serum trace element levels were deficient in both rural and urban women. Significant (P < 0.01) positive correlation between maternal and neonatal BLL as well as significant (P < 0.05) inverse correlation between cord BLL and placental Pb levels were observed. Maternal and cord BLL correlated inversely (P < 0.05) with maternal and cord serum Fe levels, respectively. Conclusion: Urban post-partum women and their neonates were at higher risk with elevated BLL. Estimate of cord blood Pb may not be the true index of neonatal BLL. These observations must be confirmed in a larger cohort because prenatal/neonatal screening avoids the risks associated with rest of life.
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- 2014
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35. Immunomodulatory effects of protein hydrolysates from rohu (Labeo rohita) egg (roe) in BALB/c mice
- Author
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Chetan Nimgulkar, Meram Chalamaiah, P. Uday Kumar, B. Dinesh Kumar, Prakash V. Diwan, T. Jyothirmayi, and Rajkumar Hemalatha
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biology ,Egg protein ,Spleen ,biology.organism_classification ,Trypsin ,Hydrolysate ,BALB/c ,Immune system ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Pepsin ,Biochemistry ,biology.protein ,medicine ,CD8 ,Food Science ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Protein hydrolysates prepared from underutilized rohu ( Labeo rohita ) egg (roe), by enzymatic hydrolysis using pepsin, trypsin and Alcalase, were evaluated for their immunomodulatory effects in BALB/c mice. The female BALB/c mice (4–6 weeks, 18–20 g) were administered with the rohu egg protein hydrolysates (REPHs) daily for a period of forty five days with concentration of 0.25, 0.5 and 1 g/kg body weight. Both innate and adaptive immune responses were studied. Pepsin hydrolysate significantly increased the splenic NK cell cytotoxicity, macrophage phagocytosis and level of serum immunoglobulin A (IgA). The mucosal immunity (S-IgA) in the gut was significantly enhanced by pepsin and Alcalase hydrolysates. Whereas trypsin hydrolysate induced significant increases in the percentages of CD4 + and CD8 + cells in the spleen. This study confirms that REPHs are able to modulate immune function and further reveals that different rohu egg protein hydrolysates may exert differential influences on the immune system. These results suggest that REPHs contain immunostimulatory peptides that could be useful in pharmaceutical, health food or nutraceutical industry for various applications.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Clinical trials and evolving regulatory science in India
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B. Dinesh Kumar and Yamini Gupta
- Subjects
Pharmacology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Medical education ,Clinical Trials as Topic ,Biomedical Research ,business.industry ,MEDLINE ,Alternative medicine ,India ,Clinical trial ,Editorial ,Government regulation ,Government Regulation ,Medicine ,Humans ,Pharmacology (medical) ,Regulatory science ,business - Published
- 2014
37. Chemical composition, molecular mass distribution and antioxidant capacity of rohu (Labeo rohita) roe (egg) protein hydrolysates prepared by gastrointestinal proteases
- Author
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A. Vajreswari, K. Bhaskarachary, B. Dinesh Kumar, T. Jyothirmayi, Meram Chalamaiah, and Rajkumar Hemalatha
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chemistry.chemical_classification ,Chromatography ,ABTS ,biology ,DPPH ,Egg protein ,Trypsin ,Hydrolysate ,Hydrolysis ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Enzyme ,chemistry ,Pepsin ,medicine ,biology.protein ,Food Science ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Underutilized Labeo rohita roes, a by-product from fish processing units, were subjected to proteolytic hydrolysis using digestive proteases namely, pepsin and trypsin to prepare bioactive roe protein hydrolysates. The degree of hydrolysis was found to be 34% and 21%, respectively, for pepsin and trypsin enzymes after 180 min of hydrolysis at 37 °C. Evaluation of chemical composition of pepsin and trypsin hydrolysates revealed the presence of high protein content (69.3% for pepsin & 73.5% for trypsin) with all essential amino acids, good proportion of ω-3 fatty acids, especially docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and substantial amounts of K, Na, P, Fe, Mg and Zn. Molecular mass analysis of hydrolysates demonstrated the presence of highest level of low molecular mass peptides below 10 kDa. Both the hydrolysates showed excellent antioxidant activities in a dose dependent manner in various in vitro models such as 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6)-sulfonic acid (ABTS+) radical cation scavenging activity, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and ferrous ion (Fe2 +) chelating ability. In conclusion, these results suggest that bioactive roe protein hydrolysates could be useful in food industry for various applications.
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Effects of fisetin on hyperhomocysteinemia-induced experimental endothelial dysfunction and vascular dementia
- Author
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Boyina Hemanth Kumar, B. Dinesh Kumar, Ravula Arun Reddy, Jerald Mahesh Kumar, and Prakash V. Diwan
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Male ,Homocysteine ,Flavonols ,Physiology ,Morris water navigation task ,Lipid peroxidation ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Methionine ,Piperidines ,Donepezil ,Endothelial dysfunction ,Aorta ,Brain ,General Medicine ,Catalase ,Glutathione ,Cholesterol ,Anesthesia ,Indans ,Acetylcholinesterase ,medicine.drug ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Hyperhomocysteinemia ,Nitric Oxide ,03 medical and health sciences ,Necrosis ,Physiology (medical) ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Animals ,Vascular dementia ,Maze Learning ,Nitrites ,Pharmacology ,Flavonoids ,Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ,business.industry ,Superoxide Dismutase ,Dementia, Vascular ,medicine.disease ,Rats ,030104 developmental biology ,Endocrinology ,chemistry ,Endothelium, Vascular ,Lipid Peroxidation ,business ,Fisetin - Abstract
This study was designed to investigate the effects of fisetin (FST) on hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy)-induced experimental endothelial dysfunction (ED) and vascular dementia (VaD) in rats. Wistar rats were randomly divided into 8 groups: control, vehicle control, l-methionine, FST (5, 10, and 25 mg/kg, p.o.), FST-per se (25 mg/kg, p.o.), and donepezil (0.1 mg/kg, p.o.). l-Methionine administration (1.7 g/kg, p.o.) for 32 days induced HHcy. ED and VaD induced by HHcy were determined by vascular reactivity measurements, behavioral analysis using Morris water maze and Y-maze, along with a biochemical and histological evaluation of thoracic aorta and brain tissues. Administration of l-methionine developed behavioral deficits; triggered brain lipid peroxidation (LPO); compromised brain acetylcholinesterase activity (AChE); and reduced the levels of brain superoxide dismutase (SOD), brain catalase (CAT), brain reduced glutathione (GSH), and serum nitrite; and increased serum homocysteine and cholesterol levels. These effects were accompanied by decreased vascular NO bioavailability, marked intimal thickening of the aorta, and multiple necrotic foci in brain cortex. HHcy-induced alterations in the activities of SOD, CAT, GSH, AChE, LPO, behavioral deficits, ED, and histological aberrations were significantly attenuated by treatment with fisetin in a dose-dependent manner. Collectively, our results indicate that fisetin exerts endothelial and neuroprotective effects against HHcy-induced ED and VaD.
- Published
- 2016
39. Comparative evaluation of nephroprotective potential of resveratrol and piperine on nephrotic BALB/c mice
- Author
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Rahul Motiram Kakalij, Prakash V. Diwan, and B. Dinesh Kumar
- Subjects
medicine.medical_treatment ,Anti-Inflammatory Agents ,02 engineering and technology ,Resveratrol ,Pharmacology ,resveratrol ,Kidney ,Kidney Function Tests ,01 natural sciences ,Antioxidants ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Glomerulonephritis ,Piperidines ,Stilbenes ,Pharmacology (medical) ,Bovine serum albumin ,Blood urea nitrogen ,Mice, Inbred BALB C ,nephroprotection ,biology ,Chemistry ,prednisolone ,Serum Albumin, Bovine ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Catalase ,Glutathione ,Methylprednisolone ,Piperine ,Female ,0210 nano-technology ,Adjuvant ,medicine.drug ,Research Article ,Polyunsaturated Alkamides ,BALB/c ,Alkaloids ,medicine ,Animals ,Benzodioxoles ,Creatinine ,piperine ,Superoxide Dismutase ,010401 analytical chemistry ,biology.organism_classification ,0104 chemical sciences ,Disease Models, Animal ,Immunoglobulin G ,Immunology ,biology.protein - Abstract
Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the nephroprotective potential of resveratrol and piperine at same dose on cationic bovine serum albumin (cBSA) induced immune complex glomerulonephritis (ICGN) in BALB/c mice. Materials and Methods: Female BALB/c mice were divided into five groups. Group I served as normal control (complete Freund's adjuvant + Saline). Two weeks later, Groups II, III, IV, and V were administered cBSA (13 mg/kg) via the caudal vein 3 times/week every alternative day for 6 weeks to induce ICGN. Simultaneously, from the 3rd week, Groups III, IV were treated with resveratrol and piperine up to 6 weeks. Group V was treated with methylprednisolone considered as a reference standard. Results: There was a significant decrease in albuminuria, serum creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen in Group IV animals when compared with Group III. In addition, Group III and IV have comparable results with cBSA treated animals. Concurrently, same groups showed significantly comparable variance in antioxidant enzymes, phagocytic index, and neutrophil adhesion assay. Group IV found to be more significant in IgG1 reduction than Group III. Conclusion: The findings of this study well-demonstrated that piperine has potential immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory activity than resveratrol; therefore, piperine needs special attention in autoimmunity and inflammation research.
- Published
- 2016
40. Developing and sustaining India's capacity for preclinical drug discovery
- Author
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B. Dinesh Kumar, Bikash Medhi, David I. Lewis, and Bhagirath K Patel
- Subjects
Pharmacology ,Editorial ,Drug Development ,Drug discovery ,Drug Discovery ,Drug Evaluation, Preclinical ,Animals ,Humans ,India ,Pharmacology (medical) ,Business ,Data science - Published
- 2018
41. Immunomodulatory Activity and Th1/Th2 Cytokine Response of Ocimum sanctum in Myelosuppressed Swiss Albino Mice
- Author
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B. Dinesh Kumar, K. Narendra Babu, Ramachandran Ramesh, M. Karthik, P. Uday Kumar, and Rajkumar Hemalatha
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Traditional medicine ,General Medicine ,Th2 cytokines ,General Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics ,Biology ,Ocimum ,biology.organism_classification ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology - Published
- 2011
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- View/download PDF
42. Thiamine reduces tissue lead levels in rats: mechanism of interaction
- Author
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Raghu Pullakhandam, B. Dinesh Kumar, and Srinivasa Y. Reddy
- Subjects
Male ,Pyrimidine ,Pharmacology ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Rats, Sprague-Dawley ,Biomaterials ,Random Allocation ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,medicine ,Animals ,Tissue Distribution ,Chelation ,Thiamine ,Kidney ,Chemistry ,Metals and Alloys ,food and beverages ,Pb toxicity ,Rats ,Haematopoiesis ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Lead ,Biochemistry ,Solubilization ,Dietary Supplements ,Toxicity ,General Agricultural and Biological Sciences ,Oxidation-Reduction ,human activities - Abstract
Lead (Pb) toxicity has been a serious concern in industrialized societies because of its association with functional deficits in nervous, haematopoietic and renal systems. Several studies have shown beneficial effects of thiamine on Pb toxicity. It is speculated that Pb chelation by thiamine may be a possible mechanism. However, the exact nature of these interactions remained elusive. In the present study we have characterized the interaction of Pb with thiamine using UV-Vis as well as fluorescence spectroscopic methods and studied the effect of thiamine treatment on blood and tissue Pb levels during simultaneous or post-exposure to Pb in rat model. The spectroscopic studies revealed that Pb interacts with the pyrimidine ring of thiamine, leading to its solubilization at physiological pH. Further, thiamine reduced the Pb levels in blood, kidney and bone during both simultaneous and post-exposure Pb treatment. Interestingly, thiamine appears to prevent the accumulation of Pb in bone during simultaneous treatment. Together these results suggest that pyrimidine ring of thiamine mediates its interaction with Pb, leading to the prevention of its accumulation and/or increased clearance from tissues.
- Published
- 2009
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43. Some Salient Points in Type 2 Diabetes Prevalence in Rural Bengal
- Author
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Analava Mitra, B. Dinesh Kumar, and Rangadhar Pradhan
- Subjects
Cultural Studies ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Insulin ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Metabolic disorder ,Prevalence ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Type 2 diabetes ,Urine ,medicine.disease ,Complementary and alternative medicine ,Anthropology ,Diabetes mellitus ,Epidemiology ,BENGAL ,medicine ,Food science ,business ,Demography - Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a complex metabolic disorder characterized by failure to properly utilize glucose and other metabolites in the body causing spillover of these substances in the urine, mainly due to relative or absolute deficiencies of insulin secretions by the β- cells of the pancreas. Our observations indicates that prevalence of diabetes in rural Bengal is in between 3.5% - 5.7%. Religion wise prevalence in rural Bengal shows Muslims have lowest prevalence (4.8%) and it is highest in Hindus (5.4%) while Christians (5.1%) in between. Analysis of Food intake patterns show the prevalence of diabetes is more in meat eaters (7.2%). It is most in pork eaters (7.6%), intermediate in chicken eaters (6.4%) and lowest in those who take goat/sheep (6.1%). In vegetarians it is 5.8% and in fish eaters it is 5.2%. Other factors, such as migration from one place to another, food intake habit, exercises have a great role in type 2 diabetes management.
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Hydnocarpus pentandra Leaf Extract: In-vitro Cyto-Toxicity Studies Against MCF-7 Cell Line
- Author
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K, Krishna Kumar, primary, B, Dinesh kumar, additional, and Punathil, Rini Ramesh, additional
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
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45. Antiproliferative, ACE-inhibitory and functional properties of protein hydrolysates from rohu (Labeo rohita) roe (egg) prepared by gastrointestinal proteases
- Author
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B. Dinesh Kumar, T. Jyothirmayi, Meram Chalamaiah, and Prakash V. Diwan
- Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification ,Proteases ,Antioxidant ,Molecular mass ,biology ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Trypsin ,In vitro ,Hydrolysate ,Enzyme ,chemistry ,Biochemistry ,Pepsin ,medicine ,biology.protein ,Original Article ,Food Science ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Previously, we have reported the chemical composition, molecular mass distribution and antioxidant activity of rohu roe protein hydrolysates. In the current study, antiproliferative, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)-inhibitory activities and functional properties of protein hydrolysates from rohu (Labeo rohita) roe proteins, prepared by gastrointestinal proteases (pepsin and trypsin), were investigated. Antiproliferative activity was evaluated against human colon cancer cell line Caco-2. The results showed that the pepsin hydrolysate possessed dose dependent inhibitory effect on Caco-2 cell line. Pepsin and trypsin hydrolysates displayed ACE-inhibitory activity in vitro. The ACE-inhibitory activity of the hydrolysate generated by pepsin (47 ± 1.7 %, at 1 mg/ml) is higher than that obtained by trypsin (36 ± 3.2 %). Additionally, the undigested rohu roe proteins and its hydrolysates exhibited functional properties. Solubilities of the hydrolysates were above 81 ± 9.2 % at all pH values tested. Pepsin and trypsin hydrolysates showed good foaming capacity (45–211 %) and emulsification activity (4–29 m2/g). The foaming abilities and emulsifying activity index (EAI) were affected by pH. The results suggest that protein hydrolysates from rohu roe could be useful in food industry for various applications.
- Published
- 2015
46. Nonclinical toxicology study of recombinant-plasmid DNA anti-rabies vaccines
- Author
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B. Sesikeran, G.S. Reddy, B. Dinesh Kumar, S. Kalyanasundaram, A. Nadamuni Naidu, V. Jagadeesan, T. Prasanna Krishna, Villuppanoor Alwar Srinivasan, V.V. Annapurna, P. Uday Kumar, Pundi N. Rangarajan, S. Hariharan, P. Suresh, Nemani Harishankar, and Kamala Krishnaswamy
- Subjects
Male ,medicine.disease_cause ,law.invention ,Toxicology ,Mice ,Rabies vaccine ,Therapeutic index ,law ,Toxicity Tests, Acute ,Vaccines, DNA ,medicine ,Animals ,Toxicity Tests, Chronic ,Adverse effect ,Lyssavirus ,Vaccines, Synthetic ,General Veterinary ,General Immunology and Microbiology ,biology ,Rabies virus ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,medicine.disease ,biology.organism_classification ,Virology ,Infectious Diseases ,Rabies Vaccines ,Toxicity ,Recombinant DNA ,Molecular Medicine ,Female ,Rabies ,medicine.drug - Abstract
The absence of standard guidelines from National and International regulatory agencies for the safety evaluation of biotechnology products challenges the ingenuity of toxicologists. At present, the development of standard pre-clinical toxicology protocols for such products is on an individual case basis. The present investigation is an attempt to evaluate the safety profile of the first indigenously developed DNA based anti-rabies vaccine in India. The test compounds were DNA rabies vaccine [DRV (100 microg)] and combination rabies vaccine (CRV (100 microg DRV and 1/50 dose of cell culture vaccine)), intended for clinical use by intramuscular route on 1, 7, 14 and 28 day. As per the regular mandatory requirements, the study has been designed to undertake acute (single dose--10 days), sub-chronic (repeat dose--28 days) and chronic (intended clinical dose--120 days) toxicity tests using three dose levels viz. therapeutic, average (2 x therapeutic dose) and highest dose (10 x therapeutic dose) exposure in Swiss Albino mice. The selection of the rodent model viz. Swiss Albino mice is based on affinity and rapid higher antibody response during the efficacy studies. Apart from physical, physiological, clinical, hematological and histopathology profiles of all target organs, the tier-I immunotoxicity parameters have also been monitored. There were no observational adverse effects even at levels of 10x therapeutic dose administration of DRV and CRV. The procedure also emphasizes on the designing of protocols for the products developed by recombinant technique.
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Pharmacokinetic evaluation of guar gum-based colon-targeted oral drug delivery systems of metronidazole in healthy volunteers
- Author
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B. Dinesh Kumar, B. Jayaram, Vengaladasu Raju, Yellela S.R. Krishnaiah, P. Bhaskar, P Veer Raju, and B. Rama
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Adolescent ,Colon ,Antiprotozoal Agents ,Cmax ,Pharmacology ,Galactans ,Intestinal absorption ,Dosage form ,Excipients ,Mannans ,Drug Delivery Systems ,Pharmacokinetics ,Oral administration ,Metronidazole ,Plant Gums ,medicine ,Humans ,Pharmacology (medical) ,Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ,Guar gum ,business.industry ,Crossover study ,Intestinal Absorption ,Solubility ,Area Under Curve ,Female ,business ,Half-Life ,Tablets ,medicine.drug - Abstract
The present study was carried out to find the in vivo performance of guar gum-based colon-targeted tablets of metronidazole as compared to an immediate release tablets in human volunteers. Six healthy volunteers participated in the study and a crossover design was used. Blood samples were obtained at different time intervals and the plasma concentration of metronidazole was estimated by reverse phase HPLC. The immediate release tablets of metronidazole produced peak plasma concentration (Cmax of 2990 +/- 574.6 ng/mL) within 2.8 +/- 0.6 h. On oral administration of colon-targeted tablets, metronidazole started appearing in the plasma between 5 h and 8 h, and reached the peak concentration (Cmax of 1940.0 +/- 528.4 ng/mL) at 11.1 +/- 2.1 h (Tmax). The AUC(0-infinity) and t(1/2) of metronidazole were unaltered on administering the drug as a colon-targeted tablet indicating that the extent of absorption and elimination were not affected by targeting the drug to the colon. However, colon-targeted tablets showed delayed tmax and absorption time (ta), decreased Cmax and decreased absorption rate constant as compared to immediate release tablets. This in turn indicated that metronidazole was delivered to the colon resulting in a slow absorption of the drug and making it available for local action in the colon.
- Published
- 2003
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- View/download PDF
48. Reprint of 'Vitamin D deficiency in pregnant women impairs regulatory T cell function'
- Author
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B. Dinesh Kumar, M. Seshacharyulu, D. Jayaprakash, A. Vijayendra Chary, Rajkumar Hemalatha, and M. Vasudeva Murali
- Subjects
Vitamin D-binding protein ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Clinical Biochemistry ,Vitamin D3 24-Hydroxylase ,Biochemistry ,Calcitriol receptor ,T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory ,Endocrinology ,Pregnancy ,Transforming Growth Factor beta ,Vitamin D ,Cells, Cultured ,education.field_of_study ,Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ,Vitamin D-Binding Protein ,FOXP3 ,Vitamins ,Fetal Blood ,Interleukin-10 ,Cord blood ,Molecular Medicine ,Cholestanetriol 26-Monooxygenase ,Cytokines ,Female ,Adult ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Population ,Blotting, Western ,Biology ,Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ,vitamin D deficiency ,Young Adult ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Vitamin D and neurology ,Humans ,RNA, Messenger ,education ,Cytochrome P450 Family 2 ,Molecular Biology ,25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 1-alpha-Hydroxylase ,Receptors, IgE ,Infant, Newborn ,Cell Biology ,medicine.disease ,Vitamin D Deficiency ,Retinoid X Receptors ,Receptors, Calcitriol ,Receptors, Complement 3d ,Biomarkers - Abstract
Regulatory T cells and IgE receptors (CD23 and CD21) on B cells were assessed in vitamin D deficient pregnant women. For this, 153 pregnant women were recruited from a government hospital and were categorized into three groups based on 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D3) status. Regulatory T cell population (Treg cells) and CD23/CD21 expression on B cells were quantified by FACS ARIA II in maternal blood at third trimester; and the same parameters were evaluated in cord blood soon after delivery. In addition, TGF β and IL-10 were quantified in maternal and cord blood by using Milliplex kits. In a representative sample of eight women from each group (vitamin D sufficient, insufficient and deficient), placental tissues were processed for mRNA expressions of vitamin D receptor (VDR), retinoic acid receptor (RXR), vitamin D binding protein (VDBP) and vitamin D regulating enzymes. Of the 153 pregnant women, 18 were sufficient (≥30ng/mL), 55 were insufficient (20-29ng/mL) and 80 were deficient (≤19ng/mL) for 25(OH)D3 status. The maternal blood Treg cell population (mean (%)±SE) was lower (p
- Published
- 2015
49. In vitro drug release studies on guar gum-based colon targeted oral drug delivery systems of 5-fluorouracil
- Author
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Yellela S.R. Krishnaiah, B. Dinesh Kumar, V. Satyanarayana, and R.S. Karthikeyan
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Drug ,Colon ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Administration, Oral ,Pharmaceutical Science ,Pharmacology ,Galactans ,Dosage form ,Mannans ,Drug Delivery Systems ,Drug Stability ,Plant Gums ,Animals ,Medicine ,media_common ,Active ingredient ,Guar gum ,business.industry ,Stomach ,Small intestine ,In vitro ,Rats ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Liberation ,Fluorouracil ,Tablets, Enteric-Coated ,business - Abstract
Intravenous administration of 5-fluorouracil for colon cancer therapy produces severe systemic side-effects due to its cytotoxic effect on normal cells. The broad objective of the present study was to develop novel tablet formulations for site-specific delivery of 5-fluorouracil to the colon without the drug being released in the stomach or small intestine using guar gum as a carrier. Fast-disintegrating 5-fluorouracil core tablets were compression coated with 60% (FHV-60), 70% (FHV-70) and 80% (FHV-80) of guar gum, and were subjected to in vitro drug release studies. The amount of 5-fluorouracil released from the compression-coated tablets in the dissolution medium at different time intervals was estimated by a HPLC method. Guar gum compression-coated tablets released only 2.5–4% of the 5-fluorouracil in simulated GI fluids. When the dissolution study was continued in simulated colonic fluids (4% w/v rat caecal content medium) the compression-coated FHV-60, FHV-70 and FHV-80 tablets released another 70, 55 and 41% of the 5-fluorouracil respectively. The results of the study show that compression-coated tablets containing 80% (FHV-80) of guar gum are most likely to provide targeting of 5-fluorouracil for local action in the colon, since they released only 2.38% of the drug in the physiological environment of the stomach and small intestine. The FHV-80 formulation showed no change either in physical appearance, drug content or dissolution pattern after storage at 40 °C/RH 75% for 6 months. The differential scanning calorimetric study showed that 5-fluorouracil did not interact with the formulation excipients used in the study.
- Published
- 2002
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Studies on the Development of Colon-targeted Delivery Systems for Celecoxib in the Prevention of Colorectal Cancer
- Author
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R.S. Karthikeyan, Yellela S.R. Krishnaiah, V. Satyanarayana, and B. Dinesh Kumar
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Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Colon ,Colorectal cancer ,Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ,Drug Compounding ,Administration, Oral ,Pharmaceutical Science ,Pharmacology ,Galactans ,Dosage form ,Familial adenomatous polyposis ,Mannans ,Drug Delivery Systems ,Plant Gums ,medicine ,Animals ,Active ingredient ,Drug Carriers ,Sulfonamides ,Guar gum ,Calorimetry, Differential Scanning ,business.industry ,Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal ,medicine.disease ,Rats ,Solubility ,Celecoxib ,Drug delivery ,Pyrazoles ,Colorectal Neoplasms ,business ,Drug carrier ,Tablets ,medicine.drug - Abstract
The nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are found to be potential chemopreventive agents of colorectal cancer. Celecoxib, an NSAID with selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition, was proved to be effective for the prevention of colon cancer in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) and sporadic polyps. In the light of this information, the present study was carried out to develop oral colon-targeting drug delivery systems for celecoxib using guar gum as a carrier. Matrix tablets containing various proportions of guar gum were prepared by wet granulation technique using starch paste as a binder. The tablets were evaluated for hardness, drug content and were subjected to in vitro drug release studies. The amount of celecoxib released from the matrix tablets at different time intervals was estimated by a HPLC method. Guar gum matrix tablets released only 2-4% of celecoxib in the physiological environment of stomach and small intestine depending on the proportion of guar gum used in the formulation. When the dissolution study was continued in simulated colonic fluids (rat caecal content medium), the matrix tablets containing 20% of guar gum released another 37% of celecoxib after degradation by the colonic bacterial action. The matrix tablets containing 30% of guar gum released about 24% of celecoxib in simulated colonic fluids indicating the susceptibility of the guar gum formulations to the rat caecal contents. The results of the study show that the matrix tablets containing either 20 or 30% of guar gum are most likely to target celecoxib for local action in the colon. The guar gum matrix tablets of celecoxib showed no change either in physical appearance, drug content or in dissolution pattern after storage at 40 degrees C/RH 75% for 6 months. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) studies indicated no possibility of interaction between celecoxib and guar gum/other formulation excipients.
- Published
- 2002
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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