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Background Nigeria has the second largest HIV epidemic in the world and one of the highest rates of new infection in sub-Saharan Africa. Within the last three decades, majority of HIV programs in Nigeria were treatment strategies with few prevention approaches. The persistence of HIV prevalence despite the treatment blueprint has led to a concerted call to HIV Prevention Cascade (HPC) theory which ensures continuous sophisticated interrelationship that stretches beyond the biomedical interventions of treatment. To our knowledge, there is no previous review on HPC theory in Nigerian context. Objectives The aim of this review was to explore and outline the HIV/AIDS prevention cascade theory in relation to the achievement of the global 90-90-90 target set by the United Nations Programme on HIV and AIDS and suggest possible avenues to maximize on strengths and weaknesses of HPC in Nigeria. Methods In this mini-review, the authors utilized standardized search measures in the review of published articles in credible domains across the HPC in PubMed, Research gate, Google Scholar, Mendeley Reference Manager and Cochrane Library from January 1980 to December 2018. Referenced sections of the articles identified were used to hand-search additional references not retrieved by the initial search engines. The authors performed an evaluation of selected studies on three cascade theories: epidemiological, behavioral and social science with an integration of the supply, demand and adherence sides. Results We included nine review articles reporting three different cascade theories. Only one included study applied the cascade theories exclusively in Nigerian context. We could only conduct narrative synthesis. Conclusion There is scarceness of currently published evidence on HPC in Nigerian context. HPC allows for a paradigm shift and sequential process of events to eliminate the epidemic of HIV using HIV prevention perspectives in Nigerian settings. Since data are sparse, more research is needed on HPC theory.

Background: Postnatal depression (PND), a major health problem, can have deleterious effects on new mothers, their infants and their family. Unfortunately, little attention has been paid to this phenomenon in terms of identification, diagnosis and treatment in our environment.Objectives: This study was undertaken to determine the prevalence and correlates of PND among postnatal attendees in a tertiary health institution in South-East Nigeria.Methodology: This was a cross sectional study in which women visiting Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University Teaching Hospital (COOUTH) Amaku, postnatal clinic from 1st. March- 31st May, 2017 were recruited. Data were collected using Socio-demographic Questionnaire and Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). A score of 10 and above was considered a likely case of PND. One hundred and thirty two (132) self-administered questionnaires were completely filled and analyzed. Descriptive and inferential statistics including means, frequencies, X2 –test at the 95% confidence level (CL) were used in analysis. Logistic regression was applied to identify the independent predictors of PND risk.Results: The prevalence of PND among the women was 33.3%. PND showed significant association with maternal age (p=0.027), low socio-economic status (p=0.037), parity (p=0.031), mode of delivery (p=0.023), type of delivery (p=0.025) and lack of emotional support (p=0.001).Preterm delivery (OR=2.9), caesarean delivery (OR=3.7), low socio-economic status (OR= 4.1) and lack of emotional support (OR=5.8) from husband were independent risks factors for PND.Conclusion: The prevalence of PND, 33.3% among postnatal women is high. Screening and management of PND should be an important part of postnatal services so as to improve maternal and infant wellbeing.Keywords: Screening, risk factors, 4-6 weeks, post-delivery, maternal, infant, wellbeing