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2. Overview of Water Sanitation and Hygiene in School (WinS) Urban Areas, Indonesia

Author

Kusumaningtiar, Devi Angeliana, Azteria, Veza, Veronika, Erna, Kusumaningtiar, Devi Angeliana, Azteria, Veza, and Veronika, Erna

Abstract

Objective: Indonesia is a developing country that still has water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) problems. Only 16% of education units have access to all basic services such as water, sanitation and hygiene and as many as 43.5 million Indonesian children do not have access to basic drinking water, basic sanitation and hygiene at school. This can have an impact on increasing disease transmission in children at school. This study aimed to analyse the coverage of school WASH in Bekasi City so as to identify the constraints and problems of WASH in schools. Methodology: This type of research used a cross sectional design approach. The samples of this study were 30 schools in Bekasi City. The indicator data measured consists of 3, namely sanitation, hygiene and air. Results: The results of this study indicate that school WASH in Bekasi is good, this can be seen from the availability of WASH facilities in schools such as the availability of drinking water, easy access, waste management facilities, the availability of hand washing facilities and the existence of toilets that have been widely separated between men and women. Suggestions: The role of stakeholders and school sanitation programme holders is very important in the implementation of school WASH., Objectivo: A Indonésia é um país em desenvolvimento que ainda tem problemas de água, saneamento e higiene (WASH). Apenas 16% das unidades educativas têm acesso a todos os serviços básicos, como água, saneamento e higiene e cerca de 43,5 milhões de crianças indonésias não têm acesso a água potável básica, saneamento básico e higiene na escola. Isto pode ter um impacto no aumento da transmissão de doenças em crianças na escola. Este estudo teve como objectivo analisar a cobertura de WASH escolar na cidade de Bekasi, de modo a identificar os constrangimentos e problemas de WASH nas escolas.   Metodologia: Este tipo de pesquisa utilizou uma abordagem de desenho transversal. As amostras deste estudo foram 30 escolas na cidade de Bekasi.   Constatações: Os resultados deste estudo indicam que o WASH escolar em Bekasi é bom, isto pode ser visto pela disponibilidade de instalações WASH nas escolas, tais como a disponibilidade de água potável, fácil acesso, instalações de gestão de resíduos, disponibilidade de instalações para lavagem das mãos e a existência de sanitários amplamente separados entre homens e mulheres.   Implicações/Valor: O papel das partes interessadas e dos detentores de programas de saneamento escolar é muito importante na implementação de WASH escolar. &nbsp

Published
2024

3. POTENTIAL IMPACTS OF LEAD ON HEALTH: POPULATION AT RISK, AND TOXIC EFFECTS A REVIEW OF ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE.

Author

Simatupang, Meithyra Melviana, Veronika, Erna, Irfandi, Ahmad, and Azteria, Veza

Subjects
LEAD toxicology, CHILDREN'S health, BIOMARKERS, ECOSYSTEMS, META-analysis
Abstract

Introduction: Lead, a heavy metal, has been proven to influence the ecosystem negatively. The use of lead in processing or as raw materials increases Pb exposure to humans from various sources, including waste or consumed products. This study aims to determine the most recent information regarding lead contamination sourced from the environment, at-risk populations, and the health impacts of this heavy metal contamination. Results and Discussion: This systematic review used a database sourced from Google Scholar. The keywords searched were "lead exposure, environment, or health" in articles published in 2020-2023. After article screening and exclusion, 26 research articles were eventually reviewed. Lead was detected in water, air, and soil, generally in various foods or products consumed by humans. Environmental factors were the most frequent source of contamination. The population at risk of lead exposure were children. Several studies have found that various health impacts were significantly associated with lead exposure from different environmental sources and lead concentrations in biomarkers. Conclusion: Pb contamination was increasingly widespread in the environment through various sources. Exposure to lead may cause diverse health problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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8. Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene in Indonesia School: Facilities and Infrastructure Availability.

Author

Kusumaningtiar, Devi Angeliana, Veronika, Erna, Azteria, Veza, and Anggara, Taufik Rendi

Abstract

Background: One of the sustainable development goals (SDGs) is universal access to clean water and basic sanitation by 2030. Water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) support SDG targets such as eliminating poverty and improving health and education. Methods: The sample of this study amounted to 30 schools consisting of 10 elementary schools, 10 junior high schools, and 10 senior high schools. Sampling was based on stakeholder decisions on several issues related to washing. Results: This study was conducted by directly observing schools regarding the amount of drinking water, number of toilets, bathrooms, handwashing facilities alone, and handwashing facilities with water and soap. The results showed that elementary and junior high schools have insufficient toilet facilities and low handwashing facilities with water and soap. The average number of handwashing facilities with water and soap in schools in Bekasi City, Indonesia, was 1 for elementary schools, followed by junior high schools and high schools for 4-5 points. Conclusion: As soap is still unavailable in many Bekasi City schools, and there are inadequate handwashing facilities, it is recommended that handwashing facilities must be available with soap and water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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