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Corresponding to the current pandemic issue, Covid-19 has driven unprecedented economic loss and instability to many, particularly among low-income families, especially in Asia. In context, families involved single mothers who are markedly affected by job loss; thus, low-income households had markedly affected the well-being and development of children. In addition to family environment, sociodemographic variables, such as socioeconomic status, educational level of parents, and parental conflict, had also been associated with problematic or competent behaviors during childhood. This scoping review aimed to determine current knowledge regarding the impact of single motherhood on the emotional well-being of a child. This review was reported in accordance with the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). Three databases, namely Scopus, Web of Science, and Education Resources Information Center (ERIC), were used for data scoping. A total of 341 studies were identified, but only 15 studies conducted in the Asian continent were eligible for selection. Results showed five significant findings concerning parent–child dysfunctional interaction, time spent, family socioeconomic status, parenting skills, and parental styles that impacted the emotional well-being of children, causing child development delay and delinquency.

Despite an increasing number of studies conducted on emotion regulation strategies, there is, however, a limited resource that acknowledges it as a whole due to an inclination towards children’s well-being development. Thus, this research aims to produce a synthesis review of children’s emotion regulation strategies in preparation to encounter a volatile, uncertain, complex, ambiguous (VUCA) world. The articles for systematic narrative review were retrieved through a rigorous database search from 2015 until current. Thirteen relevant articles were retrieved through a systematic search that concentrated on children’s emotion regulation strategies. Five different families of emotion regulation strategies were identified from finalised articles including: (1) situation selection; (2) situation modification; (3) attentional deployment; (4) cognitive change; and (5) response modulation. The findings from the articles were synthesised into a literature matrix and added as supporting statements when all five strategies were further discussed. The systematic narrative review indicated that children from various age groups used the five emotion regulation strategies differently. The situational context was also considered when children used the strategies, as the were they were studies focused on different social contextual factors. Besides, in certain age groups, children are keen to use one of the emotion regulation strategies frequently.

The endemic situation of Covid-19 plaguing the world today has huge implications for education. This requires teachers to be more creative and innovative in delivering knowledge in the classroom via online learning. However, trainee teachers lack experience and skills compared to professional teachers, which affects the consistency of their motivation. Therefore, this paper discusses the perceived improvement of motivation of trainee teachers based on the ARCS motivation model toward a game-based learning approach through a digital game called StayFit as a teaching tool. This study focuses on four components of ARCS motivational constructs;- i) attention; ii) relevance; iii) confidence; and iv) satisfaction. The research design is quantitative and based on a survey using a questionnaire to collect the data. 56 respondents were involved in this study and the data were analysed using descriptive statistics. The results of this study show that the trainee teachers gave positive feedback through the implementation of digital game-based learning in their online classes especially in terms of enhancing their motivation in the teaching process. The implication of the study shows that the use of digital game as a teaching aid in online learning can increase the motivation of trainee teachers and make the learning process more effective, which meet with the needs of remote learning that applied during this endemic situation.

Children’s perceptions towards nature during childhood is crucial as it affects a child behaviour towards the environment and nature in later life as an adult. However, the number of children playing in the outdoor environment where nature exists including rural areas is rapidly declining. The phenomenon of the disconnection with the natural world will develop gaps between children and nature and subsequently may also breed apathy towards the natural environment. Therefore, this study investigates rural children’s definition and perceptions on nature. Finding suggests that it is important to reconnect children with nature. The directions for future research are also discussed. Keywords: Children; nature; definition; perception eISSN: 2398-4287 © 2022. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians/Africans/Arabians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v7i21.3703

On the 7th of October 2018, Baling District Health Office was alerted on the admission of nine patients to Hospital Gerik, Malaysia for acute gastroenteritis following the consumption of Laksa Kebok, which was bought at Kupang, Baling, Kedah, Malaysia on the 4th of October 2018. The present work thus aimed to confirm and identify the epidemiological characteristics and causative agent related to the outbreak. The investigation team performed active and passive case detection to identify cases involved in this outbreak. A case was defined as any individual who had consumed Laksa Kebok, bought from a stall in Kupang, Baling, Kedah, Malaysia on the 4th of October 2018 onwards, and exhibited symptoms such as diarrhoea, vomiting, abdominal pain, or fever. The team also evaluated the hygienic status of sanitation, food, and water supply at the food premises involved. All clinical and environmental samples were sent for chemical and microbiological tests. An attack rate of 93.2% (n = 83/89) was recorded from a total of 89 people from three states that had consumed the Laksa Kebok. Majority of the cases involved women, with a mean age of 31 years. The most frequent symptoms were diarrhoea (86.7%), fever (65.1%), vomiting (53.0%), and abdominal pain (50.6%). Less than 10% of the cases were hospitalised and treated symptomatically, while two deaths were reported from this outbreak. The epidemic curve showed that the incubation period was between 8.5 and 26 h. The likely causative agent was identified as Salmonella enterica serovar Weltevreden. Inadequate knowledge and improper practices of food handling and preparation had contributed to food contamination. This outbreak was likely caused by the dough used to make the laksa noodles being contaminated by Salmonella Weltevreden. Health education on the importance of food safety and quality for the consumers and food handlers should be developed, improved, and implemented.

API plan 31 uses a cyclone separator that taps a small portion of discharge line process liquid for mechanical seal cooling process. Despite its simplicity, this piping plan requires comprehensive designing process to ensure its performances (flow rate to mechanical seal and pressure drop) are satisfactory. In this research, API 31 cyclone separator geometrical parameters (length cylinder, conical and vortex finder and radius overflow and underflow) effects onto pressure drop and seal flow rate are investigated using numerical method via ANSYS FLUENT software. It is found that increasing overflow and underflow radius and length of cylinder and conical decrease pressure drop by 15.94%, 24.82%, 20.30% and 11.42% respectively. Increasing vortex finder length meanwhile increases pressure drop by 7.77%. Meanwhile, increasing radius overflow and length of vortex finder increase flow rate to seal by 43.79% and 9.63% respectively. Increasing radius underflow and length of cylinder and conical reduces flow rate to seal by 71.92%, 6.41% and 8.93% respectively. It is also observed that a generalization of a particular cyclone separator geometry is not always applicable as it depends on the cyclone separator base design itself where in this case all geometrical factors are significant to pressure drop and flow to seal.