5 results on '"Aznar‐Ruiz‐de‐Alegría, María Luisa"'
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2. Usefulness of real-time PCR for urogenital schistosomiasis diagnosis in preschool children in a high-prevalence area in Angola.
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Mediavilla, Alejandro, Silgado, Aroa, Sánchez-Marqués, Raquel, Bocanegra, Cristina, Nindia, Arlette, Salvador, Fernando, Pintar, Zeferino, Martínez-Vallejo, Patricia, Rubio Maturana, Carles, Goterris, Lidia, Martínez-Campreciós, Joan, Aixut, Sandra, Oliveira-Souto, Inés, Aznar-Ruiz-de-Alegría, María Luisa, Espiau, María, Molina, Israel, and Sulleiro, Elena
- Subjects
NEGLECTED diseases ,SCHISTOSOMA haematobium ,PRESCHOOL children ,URINARY organs ,SCHISTOSOMIASIS - Abstract
Background: Urogenital schistosomiasis caused by Schistosoma haematobium is highly endemic in the municipality of Cubal in Angola. Currently, diagnosis is based on the observation of S. haematobium eggs in urine samples by microscopy but this method has low sensitivity. Few studies have been performed using molecular techniques in high-prevalence areas for the detection of S. haematobium. The objective of this study is to evaluate the usefulness of real-time PCR as a diagnostic technique for urogenital schistosomiasis among preschool-age children and its correlation with morbidity data. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Cubal, Angola, involving 97 urine samples from preschool-age children analyzed by the dipstick test, microscopic examination of filtered urine, and real-time PCR. The diagnosis of urogenital schistosomiasis was based on microscopy and/or real-time PCR results. Clinical and ultrasonography evaluation was performed to rule out complications of schistosomiasis. Results: We detected a total of 64.95% of samples positive by real-time PCR and 37.11% by microscopy. The sensitivity of parasitological diagnosis of urogenital schistosomiasis by real-time PCR and microscopy was 95.45% and 54.55%, respectively, and the sensitivity of real-time PCR compared with microscopy was 91.67%. A positive real-time PCR result was significantly related to older age (mean = 3.22 years), detection of eggs by microscopy, and abnormal urine dipstick results (18.56% with proteinuria, 31.96% with leukocyturia, and 31.96% with microhematuria) (p-value<0.05). Ultrasound analysis showed that 23.94% of children had urinary tract abnormalities, and it was significantly related to the real-time PCR diagnosis (p-value<0.05). Conclusions: Real-time PCR is a more sensitive technique than microscopy for urinary schistosomiasis diagnosis in preschool-age children in Cubal. This increase in sensitivity would allow earlier diagnosis and treatment, thus reducing the morbidity associated with schistosomiasis in its early stages. Author summary: Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease that causes approximately 200,000 deaths worldwide each year. Urogenital schistosomiasis is caused by Schistosoma haematobium, which ultimately leads to lesions in the urinary tract due to egg deposition by the parasite. The World Health Organization recommends regular mass administration of praziquantel to prevent chronicity of the disease in high-endemicity areas. Preschool children are one of the most vulnerable groups, however, only children over two years of age are included in these strategies. The diagnostic techniques commonly used in endemic areas for egg detection by microscopy and urine hematuria have major limitations due to their low sensitivity. These limitations lead to misdiagnosis and undetected infections may eventually lead to the chronic form of the disease. Real-time PCR and microscopy were used to diagnose urogenital schistosomiasis in preschool children in Cubal, a high-transmission municipality in Angola. Urinary tract lesions were assessed by ultrasound. Of the samples tested, 64.95% were positive by real-time PCR, compared with 37.11% by microscopy, indicating sensitivities of 95.45% and 54.55%, respectively. Ultrasound analysis showed urinary tract alterations in 23.94% of the children. The results suggest that transmission of urogenital schistosomiasis in preschool children in Cubal is higher than previously estimated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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3. Field and laboratory comparative evaluation of a LAMP assay for the diagnosis of urogenital schistosomiasis in Cubal, Central Angola
- Author
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Gandasegui, Javier, primary, Fernández-Soto, Pedro, additional, Dacal, Elena, additional, Rodríguez, Esperanza, additional, Saugar, José María, additional, Yepes, Edward, additional, Aznar-Ruiz-de-Alegría, María Luisa, additional, Espasa, Mateu, additional, Ninda, Arlette, additional, Bocanegra, Cristina, additional, Salvador, Fernando, additional, Sulleiro, Elena, additional, Moreno, Milagros, additional, Vicente, Belén, additional, López-Abán, Julio, additional, and Muro, Antonio, additional
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- 2018
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4. Endocarditis infecciosa por estreptococos beta-hemolíticos. Características y curso clínico de una cohorte multinacional
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Aznar Ruiz de Alegría, María Luisa, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Departament de Medicina, and Almirante Gragera, Benito
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Endocarditis, Estreptococ - Abstract
Se trata de un estudio descriptivo de una cohorte prospectiva y multinacional de pacientes adultos diagnosticados de endocarditis infecciosa, de la cual se seleccionaron los pacientes diagnosticados de endocarditis infecciosa por estreptococos beta-hemolíticos y por estreptococos orales del grupo viridans. Los objetivos del estudio fueron describir las características clínicas, ecocardiográficas y el pronóstico de los pacientes con endocarditis infecciosa causada por estreptococos beta-hemolíticos y comparar dichas características con la endocarditis causada por estreptococos del grupo viridans. Las principales conclusiones fueron que la endocarditis infecciosa por estreptococos beta-hemolíticos es una entidad poco frecuente, que presenta un curso agresivo con una alta frecuencia de complicaciones y una necesidad quirúrgica alta. Es tracta d'un estudi descriptiu d'una cohort prospectiva i multinacional de pacients adults diagnosticats d'endocarditis infecciosa, de la qual es van seleccionar els pacients diagnosticats d'endocarditis infecciosa per estreptococs beta-hemolítics i per estreptococs orals del grup viridans. Els objectius de l'estudi van ser descriure les característiques clíniques, ecocardiogràfiques i el pronòstic dels pacients amb endocarditis infecciosa causada per estreptococs beta-hemolítics i comparar aquestes característiques amb l'endocarditis causada per estreptococs del grup viridans. Les principals conclusions van ser que l'endocarditis infecciosa per estreptococs beta-hemolítics és una entitat poc freqüent, que presenta un curs agressiu amb una alta freqüència de complicacions i una necessitat quirúrgica alta.
- Published
- 2013
5. Identification and analysis of risk factors associated with Lost to follow up from tuberculosis treatment in Sanatorium Hospital in Luanda
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Vita, Domingos, Aznar Ruiz de Alegría, María Luisa, Molina Romero, Israel, and Falcó Ferrer, Vicenç
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Tuberculosi ,Pacient ,Loss to follow up ,Perdida de seguimiento ,Pantient ,Tuberculosis ,Paciente ,Perdua per seguir ,Ciències de la Salut - Abstract
La tuberculosi (TB) continua sent un greu problema de salut pública a causa de les altes taxes de prevalença, incidència i mortalitat que provoca anualment a les comunitats. L'objectiu de l'estudi és identificar i analitzar els factors de risc de pèrdua de seguiment del tractament de la TB en pacients tractats per TB a l'Hospital Sanatorium de Luanda. La pèrdua de seguiment de pacients en tractament de la TB és considerat un dels desafiaments en la lluita contra la TB a Angola i es considera que contribueix de manera important a la gran càrrega de malaltia per TB. A més, se sap que la manca d'adherència al tractament augmenta el risc de resistència als medicaments, la recaiguda i la taxa de mortalitat. L'objectiu d'aquesta tesi és analitzar les característiques principals dels pacients amb TB que es perden del seguiment a l'Hospital Sanatorium de Luanda, així com comprendre els principals factors relacionats amb la manca d'adherència al tractament. Per això, es van dissenyar dos estudis. Al primer, realitzem un estudi prospectiu d'una cohort amb 113 pacients que van iniciar tractament per a la TB a l'Hospital Sanatori de Luanda entre l'1 d'agost del 2018 i el 30 de setembre del 2019 i analitzem les principals característiques dels pacients que van abandonar el tractament. Realitzem un segon estudi amb un enfocament qualitatiu enfocat a comprendre millor els principals factors relacionats amb la pèrdua de seguiment des de la perspectiva dels pacients, familiars i personal sanitari. Es van entrevistar un total de 49 persones i es van fer 4 grups focals. Quan vam analitzar les variables associades a la pèrdua de seguiment a la cohort de pacients tractats de TB a l'Hospital Sanatori de Luanda, observem que una presentació de TB greu en el moment del diagnòstic i menjar menys de 3 vegades al dia es van associar significativament amb la pèrdua de seguiment ( OR 9,24, IC 95% 2,18-39,04, p=0,006) i (OR 5,96, IC 95% 1,66-21,41, p=0,006). Durant les entrevistes i grups focals, identifiquem cinc causes principals associades a la pèrdua de seguiment: barreres per a l'atenció mèdica, problemes relacionats amb els fàrmacs antituberculosos, creences religioses i variables sociodemogràfiques com a manca de suport familiar, factors econòmics, reubicació i distància al centre de salut. Les conclusions d'aquesta tesi són d'enorme valor per comprendre els motius de la pèrdua de seguiment dels pacients amb TB, cosa que permetrà dissenyar mesures que permetin una millor adherència i, per tant, un èxit més gran del tractament. La tuberculosis (TB) sigue siendo un grave problema de salud pública debido a las altas tasas de prevalencia, incidencia y mortalidad que provoca anualmente en las comunidades. El objetivo del estudio es identificar y analizar los factores de riesgo de pérdida de seguimiento del tratamiento de la TB en pacientes tratados por TB en el Hospital Sanatorium de Luanda. La pérdida de seguimiento de pacientes en tratamiento de la TB es considerado uno de los desafíos en la lucha contra la TB en Angola y se considera que contribuye de forma importante a la gran carga de enfermedad por TB. Además, se sabe que la carencia de adherencia al tratamiento aumenta el riesgo de resistencia a los medicamentos, la recaída y la tasa de mortalidad. El objetivo de esta tesis es analizar las principales características de los pacientes con TB que se pierden del seguimiento en el Hospital Sanatorium de Luanda, así como comprender los principales factores relacionados con la falta de adherencia al tratamiento. Por eso, se diseñaron dos estudios. En el primero, realizamos un estudio prospectivo de una cohorte con 113 pacientes que iniciaron tratamiento para la TB en el Hospital Sanatorio de Luanda entre el 1 de agosto de 2018 y el 30 de septiembre de 2019 y analizamos las principales características de los pacientes que abandonaron el tratamiento. Realizamos un segundo estudio con un enfoque cualitativo enfocado a comprender mejor los principales factores relacionados con la pérdida de seguimiento desde la perspectiva de pacientes, familiares y personal sanitario. Se entrevistaron un total de 49 personas y se realizaron 4 grupos focales. Cuando analizamos las variables asociadas a la pérdida de seguimiento en la cohorte de pacientes tratados de TB en el Hospital Sanatorio de Luanda, observamos que una presentación de TB grave en el momento del diagnóstico y comida menos de 3 veces al día se asociaron significativamente con la pérdida de seguimiento (OR 9,24, IC 95% 2,18-39,04, p=0,006) y (OR 5,96, IC 95% 1,66-21,41, p=0,006). Durante las entrevistas y grupos focales, identificamos cinco causas principales asociadas a la pérdida de seguimiento: barreras para la atención médica, problemas relacionados con los fármacos antituberculosos, creencias religiosas y variables sociodemográficas como falta de apoyo familiar, factores económicos, reubicación y distancia en el centro de salud. Las conclusiones de esta tesis son de enorme valor para comprender los motivos de la pérdida de seguimiento de los pacientes con TB, lo que permitirá diseñar medidas que permitan una mejor adherencia y, por tanto, un mayor éxito del tratamiento. Tuberculosis (TB) continues to be a serious problem for public health due to the high prevalence, incidence and mortality rates caused annually in the communities. The study aim is to identify and analyse the risk factors of lost to follow up (LTFU) TB treatment in patients treated for TB in Sanatorium Hospital in Luanda. LTFU TB treatment is identified as one of the challenges to be considered in the fight against TB in Angola and is considered a major contributor to the great burden of TB disease. Moreover, it is known that lack of treatment adherence increases the risk of drug resistance, relapse and mortality rate. The objective of this thesis is to analyse the main characteristics of TB patients who are LTFU at the Hospital Sanatorium de Luanda, as well as to understand the main factors related to LTFU. For this purpose, two studies were designed for this. In the first one, we carried out a prospective cohort study with 113 patients, who started TB treatment in Sanatorium Hospital in Luanda between August first, 2018 and Se ptember, 30th 2019 and we analysed the main characteristics of patients who were LTFU. We performed a second study with a qualitative approach focused to better understand the main factors related to LTFU TB treatment, from a perspective of patients, family members and health care providers. A total of 49 people were interviewed, and 4 focus groups were carried out. When we analysed the variables associated with LTFU in the cohort of patients treated for TB in Hospital Sanatorium of Luanda, we observed that a severe TB presentation at the moment of diagnosis and eating less than 3 times per day were significantly associated with LTFU TB treatment (OR 9.24, 95% CI 2.18-39.04, p=0.006) and (OR 5.96, 95% CI 1.66- 21.41, p=0.006). During the interviews and focus groups, we identified four main causes that lead to LTFU TB treatment: healthcare barriers, drug related problems, religious beliefs, and sociodemographic variables such as lack of family support, economic factors, relocation and distance. The conclusions of this thesis are of enormous value to understand the reasons for the loss of follow-up of patients with TB to be able to design measures that allow better adherence and, therefore, greater treatment success.
- Published
- 2023
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