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Silicon-based platinum (Pt) and silver (Ag) microelectrodes are constructed using photolithography technique and used in detecting arsenic activity in different electrolytes. Pt and Ag have good properties either as a working, a counter, or a reference electrode due to their low electrical resistance, high melting point, and high chemical stability. This chemical sensor has the ability to detect the changes in the level or activity of arsenic in electrolytes. Patterning these metals by wet chemical or dry etching is not a feasible process as these metals cannot be etched properly. The lift-off process can be applied to ease the etching process, but it has a major problem whereby the metal particles or ears may remain at the edges at the end of the process. The process variables, particularly the resist slope, were investigated to reduce possible defects using an image reversal resist. The thickness and angle of the resist side wall were measured by SEM. The effects of many factors that may influence or resist steep angle formation were analyzed and optimized with the Design of Experiment (DOE) technique to achieve the target recipe of resist angle < 60°. The lower angle of the resist side wall resulted in a better percentage yield of good electrode pattern after the lift-off process. The ability of fabricated microelectrode and influence of supporting electrolytes in arsenic determination were discussed.

This research aimed to determine the level of social media use among pre-university students and the association between social media use with self-esteem and psychological distress. Participants of this study were 173 students from ASASIpintar pre-university program in Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. Instruments used were three sets of questionnaires obtained from Gupta and Bashir (2018), Lovibond and Lovibond (1995), and Rosenberg (1965). This study showed that the level of social media use among ASASIpintar students was moderate while social media use was positively associated with self-esteem and psychological distress.

Background: Risky sexual behaviours amongst adolescents are associated with detrimental impact on their personal growth, influenced by psychosocial factors including subjective cultural norms. This systematic review aimed to examine the evidence on ASEAN countries’ adolescents risky sexual behaviour defined as sexual deviance with its associated psychosocial factors.Methods: A systematic literature review was guided by PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) for a search through four electronic databases for articles published within the time frame of 2010 and 2020 resulting in 20 articles that meet the inclusion criteria. Results: Adolescent sexual deviance in ASEAN is associated with salient psychosocial factors such as cultural norm, self-esteem, parental support/monitoring, substance abuse (alcohol/drugs/smoking), spirituality and religion. Intention, attitude and motivation of sexual transgression appear to be recurrent factors as well. Most studies are cross-sectional and quantitatively designed. The diverse and nuanced psychosocial factors of sexually deviant behaviour affirm the sexual dimension and values of absolutism, hedonism and relativism.Conclusions: Strategies for reducing risky sexual behaviours among ASEAN adolescents should take regard of subjective culture norms and psychosocial needs to achieve the goal of progress as per the ASEAN Youth Development Index. More qualitative and longitudinal approaches in future research are also recommended for more in-depth insights for appropriate intervention or rehabilitative measures.

Studies have reported high rates of childhood maltreatment among individuals with drug addiction problems; however, investigation about the potentially protective factors to mitigate the effects of maltreatment experiences on motivation to engage in addiction treatment has received less attention. This study aims at exploring the mediating effects of forgiveness and self-efficacy on the association between childhood maltreatment and treatment motivation among drug addicts. A total of 360 male drug addicts (mean age = 33.34, SD = 7.25) were recruited from three mandatory inpatient rehabilitation centers in Malaysia. Participants completed a package of self-report questionnaires including measures of childhood maltreatment experiences, forgiveness, self-efficacy, and motivation for treatment. The analysis conducted using the structural equation model (SEM) revealed that childhood maltreatment significantly predicted lower treatment motivation, while forgiveness and self-efficacy played a fully mediating role regarding the effect of childhood maltreatment on treatment motivation. In conclusion, these findings suggest that combining the element of forgiveness and self-efficacy in treatment programs appears to benefit the drug addicts with childhood maltreatment history.

This study will be focusing on several aspects such as the pattern of items distributions of adversities across youth categories, the pattern in reliability and separation index of the items and persons in measuring adversities across youth categories, the pattern in category probability curves across youth categories, and the pattern in item unidimensionality across youth categories. The research was provided empirical evidences on psychometric assessment of newly developed adversity measurement using modern psychometric theory. This information is valuable to expanding research on youth specifically in differentiating responses based on demographic profiles., Este estudio se centrará en varios aspectos, como el patrón de distribución de elementos de las adversidades en las categorías juveniles, el patrón en la confiabilidad y el índice de separación de los elementos y las personas en la medición de las adversidades en las categorías juveniles, el patrón en las curvas de probabilidad de categoría en las categorías juveniles, y el patrón en la unidimensionalidad del ítem entre las categorías juveniles. La investigación proporcionó evidencias empíricas sobre la evaluación psicométrica de la medición de la adversidad recientemente desarrollada utilizando la teoría psicométrica moderna. Esta información es valiosa para expandir la investigación sobre la juventud específicamente en la diferenciación de respuestas basadas en perfiles demográficos.

Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti perspektif ibu bapa terhadap kepentingan pendidikan seksual dan kecenderungan ibu bapa kepada idea mendedahkan anak-anak kepada pendidikan awal seksual. Instrumen kajian adalah borang soal selidik berbentuk terbuka yang telah diedarkan secara atas talian kepada 12 orang dewasa yang mempunyai anak dalam lingkungan umur 4 hingga 7 tahun bagi mendapatkan pandangan mereka terhadap pendidikan awal seksual. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa kesemua ibu bapa sedar tentang kepentingan pendidikan awal seksual dan bersedia mendidik anak mereka dengan pendidikan awal seksual di rumah. Selain itu, antara faktor yang menyebabkan ibu bapa tidak selesa dalam mendidik anak mereka dengan pendidikan seksual adalah kurang keyakinan tentang kandungan ilmu pendidikan awal seksual. Kesimpulannya, perspektif ibu bapa terhadap pendidikan awal seksual kepada kanak-kanak adalah positif.

Studies have consistently shown that childhood maltreatment is a significant risk factor for the development of drug addiction across human lifespan. Yet, little is known about the prevalence of childhood maltreatment history among drug addicts in Malaysia. The dataset presented in this article provides demographic information on 200 drug addicts recruited from two rehabilitation centres in Malaysia, the prevalence of different types of childhood maltreatment history and the correlation between all types of maltreatments. Analyses of the data can provide insights into the prevalence of maltreatment history and development of drug addiction, therefore indispensable for mental health professionals designing appropriate interventions for the drug addicts. The data can also provide baseline data for comparative studies in terms of childhood maltreatment history and drug addiction across different countries.

Emotional intelligence and leadership are main aspects in determining a leader’s effective leadership in any organisation. In relation to that matter, this study focuses on emotional intelligence and leadership among the highest management line-ups of a faculty in higher learning institution. This study is a quantitative study involving 59 highest management line-ups of a faculty consist of Dean, Deputy Dean and Head of Department of a faculty from higher learning institution in Selangor. Objectives of this study are to see the profiles of emotional intelligence, leadership profile, as well as to identify the relation between emotional intelligence and leadership among Dean, Deputy Dean and Head of Department. Malaysian Emotional Quotient Inventory – Adult (IKEM-MEQI) by Noriah et. al. (2004) was used to measure emotional intelligence aspect while Malaysian Leadership Audit Trail Inventory- Adult (MLATI) by Noriah-Elmi (2013) was used to measure leadership aspect. The result of this study shows that the level of emotional intelligence among Dean, Deputy Dean and Head of Department of a faculty in a higher learning institution is at a high level (mean = 4.3). Analysis for each emotional intelligence domain also portrays high level. Domain of self awareness (mean = 4.5), empathy (mean = 4.3), self regulation (mean = 4.3), self motivation (mean= 4.1), social skill (mean = 3.9), spiritual (mean = 4.9) and maturity (mean = 4.8). Study also shows leadership profile among Dean, Deputy Dean and Head of Department of faculty in higher learning institution was at high level (mean = 4.2). Analysis for each leadership domain also shows high level. Service strategy and leadership model domain (mean = 4.3), recruit (mean = 4.3), assessment and acknowledgment (mean = 4.8), placement (mean = 4.0), building leadership (mean = 4.2), involvement and preservation (mean = 3.9), relation with authorities (mean = 4.1). Result of the study also shows significant relation between emotional intelligence and leadership among Dean, Deputy Dean and Head of Department of faculty in higher learning institution. Abstrak Kecerdasan emosi dan kepimpinan merupakan aspek utama yang menentukan keberkesanan kepimpinan seseorang pemimpin dimana-mana organisasi. Oleh yang demikian, kajian ini memfokuskan kepada aspek kecerdasan emosi dan kepimpinan dalam kalangan barisan pengurusan tertinggi fakulti di Institusi Pengajian Tinggi. Kajian ini adalah berbentuk kajian kuantitatif yang melibatkan 59 orang barisan pengurusan tertinggi fakulti yang terdiri daripada dekan, timbalan dekan dan ketua jabatan fakulti dari institusi pengajian tinggi di Selangor. Objektif kajian ini adalah untuk melihat profil kecerdasan emosi, profil kepimpinan serta mengenalpasti hubungan antara kecerdasan emosi dan kepimpinan dalam kalangan dekan, timbalan dekan dan ketua jabatan. Inventori Kepintaran Emosi Malaysia – Dewasa (IKEM-MEQI) oleh Noriah et. Al (2004) digunakan untuk mengukur aspek kecerdasan emosi manakala Inventori Malaysian Leadership Audit Trail Inventory- Dewasa (MLATI) oleh Noriah-Elmi (2013) digunakan untuk mengukur aspek kepimpinan. Hasil kajian menunjukkan tahap kecerdasan emosi dalam kalangan Dekan, Timbalan Dekan dan Ketua-ketua Jabatan Fakulti di Institusi Pengajian Tinggi adalah di tahap yang tinggi (min 4.3). Analisis bagi setiap domain kecerdasan emosi juga menunjukkan tahap yang tinggi. Domain kesedaran kendiri (min 4.5), empati (min 4.3), regulasi kendiri (min 4.3), motivasi kendiri (min 4.1), kemahiran sosial (min 3.9), kerohanian (min 4.9) dan kematangan (min 4.8). Kajian juga menunjukkan profil kepimpinan dalam kalangan Dekan, Timbalan Dekan dan Ketua-ketua Jabatan Fakulti di Institusi Pengajian Tinggi adalah di tahap yang tinggi (min 4.2). Analisis bagi setiap domain kepimpinan juga menunjukkan tahap yang tinggi. Domain strategi perkhidmatan dan model kepimpinan (min 4.3), rekrut (min 4.3), penilaian dan penghormatan (min 4.8), penempatan (min 4.0), membina kepimpinan (min 4.2), penglibatan dan pengekalan (min 3.9), hubungan dengan pihak berkepentingan (min 4.1). Hasil kajian juga menunjukkan terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara kecerdasan emosi dan kepimpinan dalam kalangan Dekan, Timbalan Dekan dan Ketua-ketua Jabatan Fakulti di Institusi Pengajian Tinggi.