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Deep eutectic solvent (DES) has been considered as a useful catalyst and reaction medium for various organic transformations. Herein, we report the catalytic application of novel deep eutectic solvent- based surfactant (DES surfactant) for the selective and fast oxidation of alcohols to aldehydes. The readily accessible DES surfactants (FeCl3/BHDC) was prepared using inexpensive ferric chloride (FeCl3) and benzyl hexadecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride in a simple manner. The synthesized FeCl3/BHDC was characterized using various techniques, including, FTIR spectroscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy- dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) to determine its structure. The catalytic activity of FeCl3/BHDC in the selective oxidation of various alcohols to corresponding aldehyde derivative was investigated. The results showed the reaction could be completed within very short reaction times ranging from 2 to 15 min, while achieving good to excellent yields. This protocol offers a facile strategy and excellent efficiency in selectively oxidizing various alcohol derivatives to their respective aldehydes and ketones, utilizing hydrogen peroxide in the presence of catalytic DES surfactant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An open new perspective has been established toward synthesizing eco‐friendly CSA@g‐C3N4 employing surface engineering. The carbon nitride modified through camphorsulfonic acid was designed and developed in a category of the new generation of photocatalysts for the oxidation of benzyl alcohol and thioanisole in the existence of a natural deep eutectic solvent (NADES). In comparison with pure g‐C3N4, not only does CSA@g‐C3N4 exhibit an extraordinarily higher ability for harvesting visible light stemming from declining the recombination rate of electrons/holes dependent on PL results but it also reveals notable photocatalytic oxidation capability in the transformation of alcohols as well as thiols into relevant compounds. In addition, non‐metal compound (CSA) incorporation would result in considerably diminishing the energy band gap value from 2.8 to 2.28 eV to escalate the visible‐light absorption of g‐C3N4. While the conventional consensus implies that inherent properties of photocatalysts bring on high photoactivity, this study indicates that deploying choline chloride–urea deep eutectic solvent as an external factor plays the role of photoactivity accelerator. Furthermore, readily recycling and reusability can be achieved for the photocatalytic setup of CSA@g‐C3N4 ascribed to its heterogeneous nature with no drop in the photoactivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A comprehensive vision has been promoted for straightforward oxidative amidation, deploying a majority of amines and aldehydes via a robust and novel nano-catalyst of W/Co@g-C3N4. This approach would yield the primary, secondary, and tertiary amides with excellent efficiency experiencing mild conditions, in which the environmentally benign oxidizing agent of TBHP was predominantly used, holding remarkable attributes such as cost-effectiveness as well as facile approachability. More specifically, simultaneously embedding of W and Co on the surface of g-C3N4 has been an integral part in effectually progressing direct operation of amidation reaction in comparison with pure g-C3N4. The most important point highlighted in this work is the productive contribution of materials choice in designing as well as manufacturing approaches with respect to new required products while giving the most extreme level of accessible quality and efficiency with the most reduced level of costs. Emphatically, a variety of extraordinary merits can be awarded to this as-prepared catalyst, such as notable activity, reasonable recyclability, sustainable nature, and easy work-up. Moreover, a simple process was conducted to synthesize W/Co@g-C3N4 evaluated by employing FT-IR, XRD, SEM, EDX, and TGA. Highlights: Nano-W/Co@g-C3N4 was introduced for the first time as a robust and efficient catalyst. Employing of tungsten and cobalt revealed a considerable shift in the catalytic performance of g-C3N4. Short reaction time as well as high yield with respect to the reported literatures for formation of amide bond through direct oxidative amidation. W/Co@g-C3N4 could be used in five consecutive runs without any significant drop in activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]