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Introduction: Breast cancer (BC) is the most common type of cancer and the second cause of cancer‐related death among women. Psychological treatments such as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) have been used as an effective method in the treatment of depression and anxiety in BC patients, and their effectiveness has been approved in various studies. Objective: The present study aimed to systematically investigate the effectiveness of CBT on depression and anxiety symptoms in BC patients and survivors. Methods: Electronic databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science [WOS], ScienceDirect, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar were systematically searched from "October 2023" to "February 2024." The quality of the included studies was evaluated using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP). In this study, the randomized controlled trials and quasi‐experimental studies that assessed the effectiveness of CBT, cognitive behavioral group therapy (CBGT), and the combination of CBT with other psychological studies on depression and anxiety of BC patients and survivors were reviewed. Results: Out of the 16 included studies, six used CBT, and six used CBGT. In the other four studies, a combination of CBT with other psychological interventions was implemented as an interventional program. Among 16 included studies, 14 studies showed that CBT, CBGT, and a combination of CBT with other psychological interventions significantly decreased the anxiety and depression scores among BC patients and survivors (p < 0.05), and only in two studies, no significant effect was observed. Conclusion: As most included studies showed the effectiveness of CBT in decreasing the depression and anxiety scores among BC patients and survivors, this study strongly suggests CBT as an effective non‐pharmacological method for the treatment of psychiatric disorders of BC patients during cancer treatments and also for BC survivors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article highlights fertility concerns among young breast cancer survivors, highlighting the impact of treatment on their ability to conceive. Topics include challenges such as fear of cancer recurrence during pregnancy, but also the positive psychological effects of motherhood on survivors' well-being, advocating for comprehensive support programs to address their needs post-treatment.

Context: Several studies have shown that chloroquine can effectively diminish the replication of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). As such, other studies have also supported this statement, but the psychiatric side effects of chloroquine have not been taken into account. Objectives: The current study aimed to briefly review and discuss the safety of chloroquine. Evidence Acquisition: A narrative literature search on databases was carried out on studies without time limitations. A combination of the two main keywords of "Chloroquine" and "Psychiatric Side Effects" was used to search databases. A manual search was performed to find the relevant articles, and finally, 15 studies were reviewed. Data were shown in the table and then summarized by narrative synthesis. Results: The literature review revealed the pharmaceutical characteristics of chloroquine, the safety of chloroquine, and the management of chloroquine's side effects. Also, the studies showed that chloroquine had psychiatric symptoms varying from insomnia to catatonia, toxic psychosis, and suicidal attempts, as well as behavioral manifestations, including most frequently extreme irritability, restlessness, abusiveness, distractibility, pressured speech, flight of ideas, grandiosity delusion, and auditory and visual hallucinations. Conclusions: Given the probability of a wide range of possible psychiatric symptoms following chloroquine, physicians should cautiously prescribe antiviral agents, and healthcare workers should also notice any psychiatric symptoms after administrating the chloroquine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fe3O4/Au/porous Au nanohybrids being bi-functional nanoparticles with magnetic properties and high porosity, were synthesized and used for drug delivery. To achieve this purpose, after Fe3O4 nanoparticles synthesis, a gold layer coats them to increase their stability. Then, to improve the loading capacity of Fe3O4/Au nanoparticles, a shell of porous gold was synthesized on the Fe3O4/Au surface by creating an Ag-Au nanohybrid layer on Fe3O4/Au and dissolving the metallic silver atoms in HNO3 (0.01 M). The DLS results show that the synthesized nanohybrid has an average size of 68.0 ± 7.7 nm and a zeta potential of − 28.1 ± 0.2 mV. Finally, doxorubicin (DOX), as a pharmaceutical agent, was loaded onto the Fe3O4/Au/porous Au nanohybrids. The prepared nano-drug enhanced the therapeutic efficacy of DOX on MCF-7 cancer cells compared to the free DOX. These results confirmed a 1.5 times improvement in the antitumor activity of DOX-loaded Fe3O4/Au/porous Au nanohybrids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Incorporation of nanomaterials and nanostructures into sensors causes remarkable advances in device operation due to sensitivity, selectivity, multiplexed detection capability, and portability. In this study, a nanographene sensor coated with gold nanoparticles and tripeptide Gly–Gly–His was designed for Cu2+ ion detection at low concentrations. Graphene oxide synthesized by the modified Hummer's method and analyzed by UV–Vis spectrometry, x-ray diffraction (XRD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The optimum conditions based on the maximum gold loading were evaluated 71 min for incubation time and 1 for HAuCl4/HEPES concentration ratio. Gold-coating on graphene oxide was approved by TEM, UV–vis spectrometry, XRD, and FTIR. The EDC/Sulfo-NHS method was used to stabilize Gly-Gly-His to graphene oxide-gold, which has a high affinity toward Cu. The performance mechanism of this nanosystem was based on the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) property of gold nanoparticles. The sensor was extremely selective and sensitive to Cu2+ with the detection limit of 8.83 nM without cross-binding to other metal ions. The response time was evaluated about 9 min. The GO-Au-GGH biosensor was also very stable and easily reused, which further confirms it as an efficient and sensitive Cu2+ ion detection device. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Hot flashes (HF) are a common symptom during the menopausal transition. It is therefore important to identify effective drugs that can alleviate HF. This study aimed to systematically review published clinical trials on the efficacy and safety of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) in the treatment of HF in healthy menopausal women. Methods: In this systematic review, articles published during 2003-2019 in PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, Science Direct, PsycINFO, CINAHL, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Google Scholar as well as Iranian databases such as SID, and Magiran were searched. The quality of the selected articles was assessed using the Jadad score calculation. Results: Thirty-six articles on randomized controlled trials were included in this study, out of which 27 articles had acceptable, and nine had weak methodological quality. Findings on SSRIs class of drugs indicated that escitalopram, paroxetine, and fluoxetine have higher efficacy and safety in the treatment of menopausal HF than other drugs. Studies on the effectiveness of sertraline, citalopram, and fluvoxamine are limited in number or show inconsistent results. Therefore, further high-quality studies are required to confirm their effectiveness in alleviating HF. Within the SNRIs class, venlafaxine and desvenlafaxine showed significant efficacy in the treatment of menopausal HF. However, studies on the effectiveness of duloxetine are also limited, which requires further research. Conclusion: Most studies have indicated the efficacy and safety of some antidepressants, such as SSRIs and SNRIs, in decreasing the frequency and severity of HF. These drugs are therefore recommended for the treatment of menopausal HF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]